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50 THE <strong>COAL</strong> TRADE BULLETIN. REPORT OF <strong>COAL</strong> TESTS MADE AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. The fact that coals and other mineral fuels used in the United States during 1904 cost the con sumers approximately $1,500,000,000 indicates the magnitude and importance of the problems which the United States Geological Survey had under investigation in connection with its coal-testing plant at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. It will interest many people to know that a preliminary report on the operations of that plant has re cently been published. It is the work of E. W. Parker, .1. A. Holmes, and M. R. Campbell, who were appointed by the Directors of the United States Geological Survey as a committee to install a coal-testing plant on the World's Fair Grounds at St. Louis, and to conduct therein a series of tests on the best methods of utilizing coal and lignite. The report contains a brief statement of the results obtained from September 1, 1904, when the plant was put in operation, to December 24. 1904. A more detailed report, which will be fully illustrated by photographs and graphic charts, and which will describe the methods employed in making the coal tests and discuss the results ob tained, is in preparation and will be published. The total sum appropriated for this work was $60,000. Under the law authorizing the work all of the testing machinery and all of the coals to be tested had to be furnished to the government free of charge. These conditions made it impossible to provide an ideal testing plant in the time allot ted for the work, and there was considerable delay in assembling the equipment. The conimittee feels, nevertheless, that through the hearty and patriotic co-operation of a large number of manufacturers of apparatus and machinery, it was able to collect and install, within a notably short time, a testing plant that was well suited for such pioneer work. The buildings erected for the work consisted of a boiler and engine house, a storage and washery building, and two buildings for bri quetting machines and equipment. A part of the metal pavilion was utilized for a chemical laboratory, in which all of the chemical work connected with the tests was performed. The various portions of the plant were put under the direction of men thoroughly equipped in their special lines. The steam-test division was under the direction of Prof. L. P. Breckenridge. of the University of Illinois. The producer gas tests were under the direction of Prof. Robert H. Fer nald, of Washington University, St. Louis. The washing operations were under the superintendence of John D. Wick, of Chicago, general fore man of the plant. The coking plant was in charge of Fred. \V. Stammler, of Johnstown. Pa. The briquetting tests were directed by Dr. Joseph Hyde Pratt, of the University of North Carolina and the North Carolina Geological Survey. The plans for the chemical laboratory, its equipment and operations, were made under the direction of Prof. N. W. Lord, of the Ohio State University. The field work was placed in charge of Mr. M. R. Campbell, one of the committee appointed by the director of the survey for the prosecution of these tests. All of the coal shipped to the plant for testing, with the exception of a few carloads was collected under the supervision of a survey official. This was done to avoid any possibility of the criti cism that selected coals had been subjected to these tests. Among the results already clearly indicated by these preliminary tests the following may be stated as worthy of special consideration: (1) The tests in the steam-boiler plant of 65 carload sam ples of coal from 17 states indicate that the steamproducing capacity of American coals is high and that the quality of many of these coals may be improved by washing. (2) The producer-gas tests show the most striking results, and they indicate a revolution in the economical use of coal for the production of power. The results clearly demon strate the following points: (a) that most of the American bituminous coals and lignites can be used successfully in the manufacture of producer gas. and that this gas can be utilized in an explo sive gas engine; (b) that this method of using fuel is much more economical than the present mode of generating steam. (31 Some of the lignites from partially developed but extensive deposits in North Dakota and Texas, when tested in the gas producer and gas engine, have shown unexpectedly high power-producing qualities, such as promise large future developments in those and other states. (4) Some of the American coals, and the "slack" produced in mining these coals, can he briquetted on a commercial basis. This report is listed as Bulletin No. 261 among the survey's publications. It is intended for general distribution and may be obtained on applica tion to the director of the United States geological survey. Washington, D. C. The United States census report on coal produc tion shows that while in 1830 the production of coal per unit of population was hut one-fortieth of a ton, it is at the present time on a basis of four tons per capita, a hundredfold increase, or 10,000 per cent. In 1840 the per capita tonnage was .105; 1850, .278: 1860, .514: and not until 1870 did it approach one ton per capita, the exact figures then being .955. Since then rapid strides have been made. For 1880 the tonnage was 1.518; 1890, 2.255; 1900, 3.534; 1902, 3.838; and at present, it is safe to say, at least four tons per capita.
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COAL TRADE BULLETIN^ Vol. XII. PITT
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problem. The consolidation of the P
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WAGES OF COKE WORKERS ADVANCED. The
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for the profit of his government, o
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I come now to the second test which
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To that class of professional liars
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Because a Russian miner, who had qu
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company will also erect a large pow
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EFFECT OF THE BRITISH COAL TAX. Reg
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For Summer Day's Outing. Extensive
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THE STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE THE COAL
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THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53 PURITAN
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M. M. COCHRAN, President. W. HARRY
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mOhe COAL TRADE BULLETIN^ Vol. XII.
Page 271 and 272: trates the position that the operat
Page 273 and 274: seven cents per ton will not bring
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Page 277 and 278: eral public, both in your interest
Page 279 and 280: we fear at the present basis of wag
Page 281 and 282: THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39 to road
Page 283 and 284: "Land which we may not develop duri
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Page 287 and 288: Commendable altruism was shown by t
Page 289 and 290: At the recent convention of the Iow
Page 291 and 292: The King Knob Coal Co. has been inc
Page 293 and 294: Colonist Tickets to the West and No
Page 295 and 296: THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53 J V. AR
Page 297 and 298: THE STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE THE COAL
Page 299 and 300: THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57 PURITAN
Page 301 and 302: 15he GOAL TRADE BULLETIN. Vol. XII.
Page 303 and 304: RAILROAD TRAFFIC FROM THE COAL TRAD
Page 305 and 306: The railways of this country are ch
Page 307 and 308: the public pay for coal if governme
Page 309 and 310: putting in the holes preparatory to
Page 311 and 312: PITTSBURGH COAL CO. GETS LARGEST CO
Page 313 and 314: ANOTHER EFFORT TO ORGANIZE THE COAL
Page 315 and 316: I..................................
Page 317 and 318: ANTHRACITE MINERS DIVIDED ON THE EI
Page 319 and 320: Bulletin 53-A, describing the vario
Page 321: DEEP DRILLING IN SOUTH AFRICA. Diam
Page 325 and 326: THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53 J V. AR
Page 327 and 328: THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55 rvs IA
Page 329 and 330: T5he COAL TRADE BULLETIN. Vol. XII.
Page 331 and 332: TEXT OF THE NEW WAGE AGREEMENT FOR
Page 333 and 334: The color line shall not be a bar t
Page 335 and 336: UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT DECIDES
Page 337 and 338: INDUSTRIAL EFFECT OF THE COAL STRIK
Page 339 and 340: A RADICALLY NEW THEORY ON THE FORMA
Page 341 and 342: OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE HECLA
Page 343 and 344: • i,.........,,,,,...., THE COAL
Page 345 and 346: INTERNATIONAL STEAM PUMP CO. NAMES
Page 347 and 348: i:i PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS. The terms
Page 349 and 350: Edward Zollinger has engaged in the
Page 351 and 352: $ THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49 REMBR
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Page 361 and 362: GOAL TRADE BULLETIN. Vol. XII. PITT
Page 363 and 364: RIVER AND HARBOR COMMITTEE OF CONGR
Page 365 and 366: dom to the common weal, to be of th
Page 367 and 368: THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33 SALES M
Page 369 and 370: PROGRESS OF MACHINE MINED COAL, 189
Page 371 and 372: Machine miners paid per ton screene
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ANTHRACITE SHIPPING SIZES. A statem
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A serious situation confronts the A
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TEXT OF JUDGE CAMERON'S RULING IN T
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y the use of vile language and oppr
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THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. PURITAN CO
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