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Vol. XII.
VV A. SOMERS, Prcsl
L S.CLARKE.Vice Pre
THE
A Journal Devoted to the Coal Industry.
PITTSBURGH, PA., DECEMBER 1, J904.
SOMERS, FITLER & TODD CO.
No. 1.
VV. I. TOOO.Sec'y.
F. K. FIRER, Treas.
MIME AiMp CONTRACTOR'S SUPPLIES.
St num Piimjm.
Win Ropo.
Muuillit RnpA.
Holt in|» and HUM
Knil and Npilws
Ilnr Iron ami Tool Stonl,
Bolt*| Nuts uml Wushor*,
Oust anil Wrought Iron Pipo.
Vnlv

THE COAL Ik' \DI Bl III ["IN.
tmwmm
THE KELLY i. JONES CO.
MANUIACTUHF.RS OF
Cast and Malleable Iron Fittings Brass and Iron Valves
and Cocks for Steam, Gas, Water, Oil and Air Boiler
Tubes Iron and Steel Casing Tubing, Drive and Line
Pipe Cast Iron Pipe and Specials-
FULL WEICHT WROUCHT IRON PIPE
MINE & MILL SUPPLIES,
Rails anil Rail Benders, Curve Sheaves ami Crossovers,
Brattice, Clotli and Screens. Slieet and Bar Iron,
Air and Coke Oven Valves, Scraper Heads ami Hose,
Bolts, Nuts and Washers. Pit Car Oilers,
Picks, Shovels and Scoops. Safety and Head Lamps,
Mule Shoes, Packing. Waste,
Mine Car Hitchiuus,
Engine Fittings,
POWER TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT.
Air Compressors, Drilling Machines, Hoisting Engines.
Boilers, Pumps. Derricks,
Blowers, Fans.
DETACHABLE LINK CHAIN.
Pulleys, Betting, Shafting,
Manilla and Wire Rope,
Pit Cars, Wheels, Axles.
We have on hand constantly a large and complete stooi ol every variety
of lim Mini dun Goods, MIHI are equipped with Ine mos I Improved facilities
fpr cutting threading bending and tilting all sizes ol pipe to sketch, thus
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Office ami City Sales Department. Warehouses ami Machine Shops,
435-137 WATER STREET, 136-138 FIRST AVENUE,
Long Distance Bill Telephones. Court '.'ll ; .'01 .'()',-201,. P K A., Main 434.
PITTSBURGH, PA
Ui |

COM/IRADE BULLETIN^
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., DECEMBER 1, 1904. No. 1
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by TIIE COAI. TRADE COMPANY, 1904
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TKADK COMPANY.
92G-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBUHGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 2.">0 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, ra., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE EFFECT OF LABOR UNION AGITATION
ON THE PRODUCTION OF COAL, AND THE
IRREPARABLE LOSSES OCCASIONED, AS
SHOWN BY A GOVERNMENT REPORT.
The report of the government geological survey,
now on press, presents a striking example, in the
section of the report devoted to West Virginia, of
the effect of labor agitation on the production of
eoal. In 1902, a year in which there was no
abnormal demand for soft coal, the state of West
Virginia was exploited by lalior agitators throughout
the year, with the result that the increased
output of coal for the year exceeded that of the
previous year by barely 500,000 short tons. Had
it not been for the labor troubles in the state the
production would probably have shown an increase
of ten times this amount.
In 1903 there were no lahor troubles of consequence
in West Virginia and despite the general
falling off in the demand for coal, as compared
with the previous year, the production was increased
hy 4,766,415 short tons, or 19 per cent, in
quantity and of $9,548,361 in value over 1902. The
average price per ton advanced from $1.01. in
1902, to $1.17 in 1903. This advance in price in
connection with the increased production places
West Virginia as third in rank in the value of
the coal produced as well as in amount. Prior
to 1903 Ohio, while ranking fourth in amount of
production, exceeded West Virginia in tlie value
of the product.
One of the interesting features in connection
with the coal mining industry of AVest Virginia
has been the increase in the use of mining machines
and of the amount of coal produced thereby.
In 1898 there were only 86 machines in use in
the state; in 1903 there were 7S3 machines in use.
In 1898 the machine mined tonnage was 1.323,929
short tons; in 1903 it amounted to 8,193,840 short
tons. Compared with 1902 the number of machines
in use showed an increase of 209, and the
machine mined product an increase of 2.455.795
short tons.
The statistics of labor employed in the state
show that in 1902 35,500 men were employed for
an average of 205 days, producing an average of
692 tons per man foi' the year, and 3.38 tons per
man per day. In 1903, 41.544 men were employed
for an average of 210 days, and produced an average
of 706 tons per man for the year and 3.36 per
man per day. The average time made for the day
in 1903 was nine liours.
EARNEST REVIVAL OF LAKE ERIE
CSt, OHIO RIVER SHIP CANAL PROJECT.
Leading business men of Pittsburgh are aggressively
working to accomplish the project of a
Lake Erie & Ohio River Ship Canal. This farreaching
industrial scheme has been in abeyance
for nearly ten years and is now being revived
with excellent prospects of accomplishment. The
Merchants & Manufacturers Association of Pittsburgh
is booming the plan. At a banquet November
29 attended b.v 250 members of this association,
Congressman John Dalzell declared:
"I verily believe that before the Fifty-ninth
Congress completes its work this bill giving a
Federal charter to the Lake Erie & Ohio River
Ship Canal will have become a law, and by your
influence the waterway will be constructed. Then
1 see no reason why the prophecy of Andrew Carnegie
should not become a reality, and Pittsburgh

2i; THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and Western Pennsylvania will not only continue
in prosperity but will become supreme in the
manufacturing world."
The ambitious project now seems nearer than
ever before to realization. The estimated cost
of construction is $33,000,000. It is figured that
with the canal in operation it will mean an annual
saving of upward of $23,000,000 in freights of
fuel producers and manufacturers.
The physical and commercial feasibility of the
canal was completely demonstrated in the last
decade. No phase of the question down to the
ultimate water supply or the utmost possibilities
of expansion was left unsettled in the commission's
report in 1896. The main problem is to
fight down opposition and it is a big one.
THE ISTHMIAN CANAL ENTERPRISE.
In his address before the Pittsburgh chapter of
the American Institute of Bank Clerks, Robert W.
Armstrong, assistant secretary of the treasury,
told the Pittsburgh bankers that the government
is spending millions of dollars and infinite pains
in pushing the ocean up to Pittsburgh, meaning
that the present expenditures on the Panama
canal amount to making this city a seaport. Naturally,
his expression means more than that. It
means that the government must spend other millions
in the improvement of the Ohio river to
bring the two projects together. Mr. Armstrong
thus shows a true appreciation of the situation, if
others at Washington do not. The others soon
will. It is impossible that statesmen shall long
remain blind to the enormous advantage to the
whole country and to American commerce that is
to be gained by the proper improvement of the
Ohio river.
One point was given emphasis by Mr. Armstrong
that has, perhaps, escaped many acute Pittsburghers.
It is that the Pittsburgh district will he
looked to for the supply of steam coal necessary
to navigate the world's steamers that will seek
passage through the canal. In fact, the quality
of Pittsburgh coal will make the canal a favorite
coaling station for the commercial fleets. That
item means a good deal to Pittsburgh, and to give
it full effect the locking of the Ohio becomes a
necessity. Incidentally this improvement is of
military advantage to the government in almost
as great degree as that of the canal itself. There
are conceivable circumstances in whicli the importance
of the Ohio might be even greater than
that of the isthmian waterway. It is time congress
shall awaken to the broader aspects of this
subject and give authority to begin the practical
work in earnest.
Mr. Armstrong might also have added that the
barges which will he required for the business developed
by the canal could profitably be towed
through the waters of a ship canal to the lakes,
and over the waters of the latter to the distant
Northwest, and that the mere work of construction
of such a canal would pour millions of dollars
into Pittsburgh, to say nothing of the great results
which would follow from its operation.
WHO SHOULD BEAR THE INCREASE
IN THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION?
"Almost anything will serve the purpose of the
coal dealer as an excuse for his advance of the
price of the black diamonds, but the limit is
reached when the New York dealers explain that
the reason for a 25-cent advance per ton as soon
as snow comes is that the asphalt streets of New
York are then so slippery that it is impossible to
haul large loads, and therefore they are justified
in taking the extra cost of delivery out of the
consumer. Next!"
The foregoing from an Eastern journal is a fair
sample of the editorial acumen of some of the
Daily Howlers. Anybody knows, or ought to
know, that had road conditions means greatly increased
cost of transportation. Must the seller
always stand the brunt? Fortunately no fairminded
person—and they are in the majority—expects
him to. If there were more logical deductions
in tlie comment on the news and less editorials
with a "rich and nutty flavor," the influence
and standing of many newspapers and the
daily press in general would be vastly increased.
If the price of coal is increased in New York, as
it is intimated will be the case, the public cannot
blame the operators. The proposition appears to
be made solely by the retail dealers, who are anxious
to make up for losses sustained during the
severe weather last winter, when dealers were
obliged to spend an extraordinary amount of
money on unloading and drawing. Sometimes
it was necessary to hire tugs to break ice in the
harbor so that coal barges could be got to the
wharves and frequently it was necessary to put
four horses, instead of two, on a wagon.
THE YEAR'S COAL MINING
OPERATIONS IN ILLINOIS.
The report of the operators in Illinois during
the year ending June 30, 1904, shows a total production
of 34,955,406 tons, an increase over the
previous year of 4,934,100 tons. The report shows
that there are 353 commercial mines in the state
shipping coal for the general trade and 580 small
mines worked for purely local trade. The commercial
mines produced 96.5 per cent, of the coal.
The average number of days worked in the mines
was 222. There were 49.814 employes in the
mines and 156 were killed and 410 injured by accidents.

STRIKE IN THE KANAWHA FIELD
CLOSES TWENTY-ONE MINES
AND 1,500 MEN ARE IDLE.
As the result of a strike declared by the miners
employed by the Belmont Coal Co. on November
15, 21 mines are closed and 1,500 men idle in the
Cabin creek district of the Kanawha coal field in
West Virginia. The strike was caused by a refusal
of the mine workers to arbitrate a dispute
over the proper interpretation of the clause in
the agreement relating to the employment of
checkweighmen. Two conferences have been held
between the strikers and their employers but
without definite result. The point at issue is
that of assessing non-union miners to pay for a
checkweighman.
The Cabin creek operators maintain they have
no right to levy such an assessment against miners
who are not members of the United Mine Workers
and refused to collect it. The officials of Cie
United Mine Workers retaliated, after several conferences,
by declaring the coal operators were
violating the Charleston agreement, entered into
the early part of the year. Following this a
large number of the miners employed by the Belmont
Coal Co. quit work. Complaint was made
to the miners' organization and on September 7
an agreement was entered into by which the latter
undertook to provide the coal company with all
the union miners needed. Either through a direct
violation of contract or inability to control
its members, the miners' organization was unable
to sustain its portion of the agreement and the
Belmont workings could not be operated. After
repeated unavailing efforts to obtain the necessary
number of union men to work its mines, the Belmont
company posted notices that it would hereafter
employ its labor on the "open shop" basis.
In this it was supported by the other members of
the Kanawha Coal Association and the general
strike resulted.
BIG YEAR FOR LAKE COAL SHIPMENTS.
More coal has been shipped across the lakes so
far this season than during the same length of
time in any previous year. The shipments of
coal were not started as early this year as has
been the case in previous years on account of the
ice in the lakes and the strike of the men employed
at the docks early in the summer. A large
amount of coal was shipped to the lake ports
from the different coal regions, and when the lake
shipping season opened there was plenty of work
for the men. The boats were insured until November
15 and many of them were over-loaded
because the shippers were anxious to get as much
coal across the lakes as possible. The shipment
of coal across the lakes will probably be continued
until about Christmas.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
INDIANA COAL OPERATORS
FAVOR MUTUAL INSURANCE.
The Indiana coal operators who have heen paying
$75,000 a year premiums on casualty insurance
have virtually decided to form a mutual
company to handle the business. It is thought
that money can be saved by forming a mutual
company, both in the rate of insurance and in
causing operators and miners to take more precautions
against accidents. The insurance is to
protect the operators against claims for personal
injuries.
OHIO AND BIG SANDY RIVER
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ADVANCED.
The tenth annual session of the Ohio Valley Improvement
Association closed November 18, at
Huntington, W. Va., after the most successful
meeting in its history. It is the general feeling
among those interested that the cause of improving
the stage of the Ohio and Big Sandy has
been materially advanced by the meetings of river
associations. The direct aid of congressmen and
United States senators has been pledged, and the
feeling prevails that the coming session of congress
win take action favorable to a perpetual
nine-foot stage in the Ohio.
Colonial Co.'s New Mines Inspected.
An official inspection of the new mines of the
Colonial Coal & Coke Co. of Pittsburgh was made
on November 29. This company is the consolidation
of the former Seger Coal & Coke Co. and
the Glen Easton Coal Co. and is operating new
coal properties in West Virginia and also in the
Ligonier valley of Westmoreland county, Pa. The
inspection was made at the new mines in the
Ligonier valley, where the company has just
completed a railroad from Ligonier to its mines
and is preparing to take out its first consignment
of coal. The inspection trip was on a large scale,
the company taking its stockholders and others
to the mines and return on a special train. The
new property is in the Connellsville region, and
Ithe coal is a drift seam eight feet thick. There
are many features connected with the new mine
that are unusual, including a natural system of
ventilation and drainage that makes the mine one
of the most economical to operate in the district.
The outlook for a busy season in the Eastern
Ohio coal field is the brightest that it has been
for many months. The prospect of uninterrupted
operations for a long time ahead is marred only
by the danger of a car shortage and a lack of
water which a little wet weather will dispel.

28
COMMISSIONER BROWN OF THE SOUTH­
WESTERN INTERSTATE COAL OPERA­
TORS' ASSOCIATION DECIDES THREE
DISPUTES REGARDING INTERPRETA­
TIONS OF SCALE CONTRACT PROVISIONS.
Two decisions of considerable general importance
and interest, settling disputes regarding the
proper interpretation of provisions of the local
scale contract, have just been given at Kansas
City, by Commissioner Bennett Brown, of the
Southwestern Interstate Coal Operators' Association.
DIGGING COAI, BY TIIK DAY.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
A dispute arose regarding the payment of wages
for men employed by the day digging coal, in opening
new mines for the Wear Coal Company, and
Mr. Brown was requested to give his interpretation
of the words, "Digging coal by the day" in
the contract.
A literal reading of the words would mean, he
said, that a man, unless he is actually employed
digging coal, would not be entitled to receive the
compensation provided for that character of work
in the contract. This construction is too narrow
and contracted, because the work of digging coal
involves and necessitates the performance of
much other work in connection therewith, such as
drilling holes, preparing blasts, care of roof, removing
slate, loading coal, brushing top or bottom,
laying track, pushing cars, etc. It has been, and
is now, the rule and custom in District No. 14, for
the miner to perform all of this other work
enumerated in connection with the work of mining
coal; and it has not been the rule and custom
in District No. 14, even when and where two men
work together in the same place, for one man to
be considered a miner, and the other a laborer or
helper, and as such, subject to higher and lower
remuneration for their work. There have heen
instances of this kind where a man would hire a
boy, or an inexperienced man, to work for him at
an agreed wage; but the rule almost invariably,
and now more so than ever before, has been, and
is, for the two men so employed to be full paid
and equal partners in all work done and compensation
received.
Now arises the question: "Is the conipany
within the meaning and intent of the contract,
when it hires one man as a miner to dig coal at
the wage provided for such work in the scale, and
another man as a laborer or helper to work along
with the miner and perform all the other work
required, at the scale provided in the contract.
•for all other work?"' I do not think so. When
two or more men are employed to work together
in one place, perform in conjunction all the work
requisite to digging coal, as before stated, all
should be classed as digging coal, and, as such,
are entitled to receive compensation provided in
the contract for such work, whether or not one
or more of them dig all the coal and the others
do all the other work; because, in this case, they
are in direct contact with, and mutually dependent
upon each other for the performance of all the
work necessary to digging coal. If, however, the
work is entirely separated, as, for example, it
would be when one or more men mined and dug
all the coal and shoveled it behind them, securing
the place and doing all the work necessary to
digging the coal as the work advanced, except
loading the coal into mine cars, brushing the roadway,
laying track, pushing cars, etc., and the
men employed to do such work were not required
to approach the mining face—then the man employed
to perform such work is only entitled to
recieve the compensation provided for that character
of work in the scale. That is to say, if a
man is hired to load coal into mine cars, to lift
up bottom or take down top, lay track or push
cars, and in the performance of this work he does
not, and is not required to come in direct contact
with the miner digging the coal renders the coal
digger no aid or assistance whatever in the digging
of the coal, or the care of the place, he is only
entitled to the compensation provided in the scale
for such work; but if, in the performance of his
work, he is required to come in direct contact
with the miner digging coal, either as a partner
or helper, he is entitled to the wage provided for
digging coal.
The distinction is only susceptible of comprehension
to men of practical knowledge and experience;
yet, in my judgment, it is just and equitable
to both parties concerned, as it prevents one party
taking advantage by hiring a man ostensibly to
perform one character of work, where it was, and
when it really is, intended he should, to a certain
extent, be engaged in doing other work; and it
prohibits a man hired to do a certain work, from
indulging in the hope that he can by sophistical
reasoning compel his employer to pay him for
work other than that which he is employed to
do and is doing.
CUTTING THROUGH HORSEBACKS.
A contention having arisen between the Devlin-
Miller Coal Company and the United Mine Workers
of America, regarding the interpretation of the
contract relative to paying extra compensation
while cutting through horsebacks in entries where
two men were working together on one shift, the
commissioner, upon request, gave the following
opinion:
Contract—"Article IV. Where entries are shifted
or where two men work together in entries on
the same shift. 27 cents per yard additional shall
he paid."
It was evidently the intent and purpose of the
parties to the making of this contract that the

additional compensation allowed was to offset any
loss the men so working might sustain through
decreased opportunity to earn. It is also evident
that the inconvenience of two men working together
in an entry is not decreased while cutting
horseback as compared with cutting coal. Consequently
the equitable and just reasoning and consequent
interpretation of the contract would he
that the men are just as much entitled to receive,
and the parties to the making of the contract intended
they should receive, the same additional
compensation when cutting horseback as they receive
when cutting coal. The contract says:
"27 cents per yard additional shall be paid," and
while it is true that it is not the rule and custom
to measure and pay for horsebacks specifically by
the yard, yet where entry is measured to ascertain
the distance driven, the number of feet or yards
of horseback cut through while driving said entry
is never deducted from the length so ascertained.
Consequently, reasoning from that basis also, the
men are entitled to the extra compensation when
working two men together in an entry cutting
horseback.
I fully understand that horseback is paid separately,
but the amount of horseback cut, plus the
coal, determines the total distance the entry is
driven.
In my judgment, unless the parties to the making
of the contract had some other mutual understanding
at the time the contract was executed,
the miner is entitled to be paid the additional
compensation when cutting horseback while working
two together in one entry.
George Richardson, president of District No. 14,
having concurred in and endorsed the above opinions,
both now oecome decisions on the interpretations
of the contract.
ENGINEERS' WAGES.
It has been agreed and decided between the
presidents of Districts Nos. 14, 21 and 25, United
Mine Workers, and Commissioner Bennett Brown
for the Southwestern Interstate Coal Operators'
Association that the interpretation of the contract
for the payment of engineers' wages, is that the
wages paid engineers for the month of September,
1903, for mines in operation one year, based upon
the output of the mine during the month of November,
1902, is the wage to be paid at all mines,
extfpt new mines which have been put in operation
less than one year prior to that date. The
payment of engineers in these mines will be advanced
in accord with the tonnage rate, provided
for i.. the scale, and that all engineers who have
received an increase of wages since September 1,
1903, through a misconception or misunderstanding
of the agreement, will be reduced to the rate
established in September, 1903, based on the out
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
put for November, 1902, less the 5.55 per cent.
reduction applied in September, 1904, as per agreement.
It is also agreed that the contract for the payment
of engineers, contemplates the classification
of engineers hoisting coal in new mines, as thirdclass
engineers, entitled to receive $61.40 per
month of 26 days of 9 hours per day, until the
pit has reached the capacity of 300 tons or more
per day, when the wages of the engineers will be
increased to the second-class rate of $68.95 per
month of days and hours as above stated.
In his circular addressed to the members of the
Southwestern Interstate Coal Operators' Association
Commissioner Brown says: "The accompanying
interpretation of, and decision upon the
engineers' scale is not in accord with my judgment
or sense of justice, but is the only solution
to the question I could get the other parties to
the contract to agree to.
"You will understand by this decision that the
wage established for engineers in September, 1903,
based upon the average daily capacity or production
of the mine during the month of November,
1902, in operation one (1) year prior to that date,
is the wage to be paid, less the 5.55 per cent, reduction
effective September, 1904, to the end of the
present contract period; no matter what the capacity
or production of the mine may be. That
is to say, the wage paid engineers at these mines
does not rise or fall with the tonnage produced.
but, in all new mines placed in operation less than
one year prior to November, 1902, the engineers'
wage rises with the increased tonnage, according
to the scale."
ALLEGHENY COAL CO. TO
INCREASE ITS INDEBTEDNESS.
Stockholders of the Allegheny Coal Co. have
been called to meet at Springdale January 25,
1905, to vote upon the question of increasing the
indebtedness from $300,000 to $450,000. The date
set for the meeting is the anniversary of the
explosion in the Harwick mine in which about
182 employes of the company lost their lives. The
proposed increase is to pay off debts incurred on
account of the disaster.
A Record River and Harbor Appropriation.
It is the opinion of officials of the war department
that the river and harbor bill, to he passed
by the coming session of Congress, will aggregate
fully $75,000,000 including both the cash appropriations
and those under the continuing contract
system. This will establish a record. In the last
river and harbor bill, passed more than two years
ago, the total carried was about $65,000,000.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
United States Consul E. H. Plumacher, Maracaibo,
reports that the government of Venezuela
has decided to give no titles to coal mines in the
future, but to exploit all such mines under its
own supervision and ownership. If there is any
government in the world that is carrying the idea
of government ownership to extremes it is that of
Venezuela. It has taken unto itself recently
asphalt, guano and some half dozen other things
and is still continuing to reach out. Unfortunately
its methods of absorption and conservation do not
always come up to the modern idea of common
honesty.
— o —
It is suggested, in view of the earnest efforts
being made in Philadelphia to obtain government
appropriation for deepening the Delaware from
its present 30-foot channel to 35 feet, that the
congressmen from Eastern Pennsylvania combine
with those of the Western end of the state in a
strong and determined effort to get the much
desired and needed depth in both the Delaware
and the Ohio. In union there is strength but it
is not to be forgotten that combined attacks sometimes
result in the annihilation of one force.
while the other is successful and reaps all the
benefits of the united efforts.
—o—
The fact that there will be no wage conference
or joint interstate agreement between mine workers
and operators next spring and a whole year is
ahead, free from the contentions and arguments
between miners and their employers, should give
reasonable assurance of an unusually long era of
peace to the trade. Its results may determine
the wisdom of biennial agreements in the future
instead of annual settlements.
— o —
The one feature of coal mining that was really
lacking in the fine exhibits seen at the St. Louis
Fair was the historic and ever-present mine mule.
The masses of people who saw the beautiful models
of mines, tipples and mine villages went away
without the first inkling of this very conspicuous
character in coal mining.
—o—
Two thousand coal heavers in Vienna. Austria,
have struck for a 13-hour work day and a weekly
wage of $5 flat. Here is food for thought for
those who are eternally expressing their dissatisfaction
at American conditions and wages and who
cite the easy and contented life the foreign workman
leads.
—o—
Recent developments in the coke regions, where
thousands of ovens were forced to suspend opera­
tions for lack of water, show a new element in the
difficulties of coke making that might in a large
measure be overcome, since the operators are now
fully aware of its presence.
—o—
The coal man at Lowell, Mass., who shows that
his failure was due to the fact that he sold coal
to the poor during the strike two years ago, might
recoup his fortunes by making a tour of the country
and charging an admission fee.
— o —
Japan is buying Welsh coal now. The correspondence
between buyer and seller must be a
philological curiosity.
BRITISH EXPORTS FOR TEN MONTHS.
The exports of fuel from Great Britain for the
ten months ending October 31 were as follows, in
long tons:
1903. 1904. Increase.
Coal 37,595.109 38,559,640 I. 964,531
Coke 567.736 611.782 I. 44,046
Briquettes 802,494 1,059,992 I. 257,498
Totals 38.965,339 40,231,414 1.1,266,075
In addition to the above exports 14,394,308 tons
of coal were sent abroad for the use of steamships
engaged in the foreign trade.
A Mammoth Coal Storage Plant.
President Baer of the Philadelphia & Reading
Coal & Iron Co., has awarded to the Link Belt
Engineering Co., of Peekskill, N. Y., the contract
for the construction of the largest eoal storage
plant in the world. The plant, which will have
a capacity of more than half a million tons of
coal, will be located at Abrams, on the main line
of the Reading Railway, near Bridgeport, Pa., and
will have railroad frontage of' fully a mile. The
plant will consist of eight piles, with a capacity
of 60,000 tons each. It will have a guaranteed
receiving capacity of 14.000 tons in ten hours,
and a discharging capacity of 10,000 tons in the
same time.
Receiver Asked For Coal Company.
A petition in involuntary bankruptcy has been
filed against Eli M. Upton and Thomas R. Levis
of Rochester, N. Y., individually and as co-partners
in the firm of E. M. Upton & Co. and E. M. Upton
Coal Co. It is alleged Eli M. Upton executed a
general assignment to Alvi T. Baldwin of about
$300,000 worth of property belonging to the copartnership.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
EXHIBIT OF THE CAMERON STEAM PUMPS AT ST. LOUIS.
Visitors at the St. Louis Fair will no doubt recall
the Cameron exhibit herewith illustrated.
The display of The A. S. Cameron Steam Pump
Works, of East 23rd Street, New York, in Machinery
Hall, Block No. 33, was awarded the gold
medal and commended by all good judges of
pumps who inspected the exhibit as being the best
pumps shown.
The Cameron people planned and prepared their
exhibit with great care and the generally expressed
opinion is that it will long be remembered
by those who have seen it. The showing made
by a score of their standard and latest types of
pumps and pumping machinery impressed one
with the versatility of their inventive genius and
the mechanical ability to put their ideas into
practical shape.
'

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
INDIANA MINING CONDITIONS
There has also heen a marked improvement in
SHOW A MARKED IMPROVEMENT.
the social condition of mine labor ers, as shown by
the following table:
At the recent session of the Indiana Federation
1902. 1903.
of Labor at Terre Haute, Vice-President Welling­
Number of mines represented. .. . 103 125
ton O'Connor, representing the Eleventh District Number of miners reporting 4,238 8,468
of the United Mine Workers of America, declared
Number under 20 719 1,583
that the miners of Indiana had much to he grate­
Number from 20 to 30 1,538 1,865
ful for and that the men in the mines had wonder­ Number from 40 to 50 580 1,645
fully improved in condition within the last year. Number of 50 359 1,551
He presented the two following tables which were Natives 3,482 4,986
prepared from information obtained direct from Foreigners 1,079 3,481
the mine workers. Of these 4,238, representing
Married 2,606 5,103
108 mines in thirteen counties, were questioned Single 1,632 3,365
in 1902, and 8,486, representing 125 mines, in 1903.
Own homes 1,090 2,241
The first table presents a comparison of daily
Rent 1,533 3,538
wages and the second the average amount of em­ Number having savings 1,191 2,641
ployment during the two years.
Total insurance carried $346,245 $649,200
1902. 1903. Inc. Carry life insurance 974 2,002
Miners $2.42 . 2.74 $0.32
Loaders
Machine men
Drivers
2.74
3.09
2.25
3.03
3.22
2.56
.29
.13
.31
THE PITTSBURGH COAL CO.
EMPLOYES' ASSOCIATION.
Tracklayers
Cagers
i rappers
Greasers
Daymen
Foremen
Engineers
Firemen
Pumpmen
Blacksmiths
Weighmen
Check weighmen
Flat trimmers
Helpers
Timbermen
2.30
2.25
1.00
1.50
". . 2.25
2.97
2.50
1.81
1.90
2.35
2.05
2.81'
1.62
1.60
2.30
2.56
2.56
1.13
1.50
2.56
3.25
2.95
2.05
2.20
2.60
2.30
2.85
1.92
1.92
2.56
.26
.31
.13
.31
.28
.45
.21
.30
.25
.25
.04
.30
.32
.26
The fifteenth quarterly report of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. Employes' Association which has just
been distributed to the miners and other employes
holding stock in the corporation under the
profit-sharing plan, shows that 11,729 shares of
the company's preferred stock is held by its employes,
and that the average cost of the shares of
stock held in the treasury of the employes' association
to fill contracts with employes is at this
time $74.80 a share. The net earnings of the
association during the 47 months of its operation
is given at $116,967.08.
In addition to the profits accruing from the
investment in the company's securities the employe
is protected by an accident and death asso­
—1902- 1— —1903— ciation under the same management. The total
Hrs. lays Hrs. Days. benefits paid by the accident and death associa­
Miners 31 209 34 214 tion from April 1, 1902, to October 31, 1904, aggre­
Loaders 32 215 35 222 gated $164,621.49, and the total number of em­
Machine men 32 215 35 222 ployes paying into the fund is 19,250. Another
Drivers 35 224 38 240 feature of the employes' association is a pension
Tracklayers 39 254 42 246 fund formed from an initial donation of $10,000
Cagers 35 229 37 232 made by the Pittsburgh Coal Co. and which now
Trappers
Greasers
32
32
208
208
33
OO
33
215
215
amounts to $30,129.06.
The report is of particular general interest hy
Daymen 37 243 39 240 reason of the fact that it is accompanied by con­
Foremen 48 304 48 300 siderable special information bearing on the Pitts­
Engineers 63 260 63 365 burgh Coal Co.'s system of profit-sharing and its
Firemen 36 230 39 237 amicable relations with its employes. These
Pumpmen 63 365 63 365 points are presented in detail by reproducing ar­
Blacksmiths 40 260 44 252 ticles published recently in the Philadelphia Press,
Weighmen 41 267 45 251 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN* and other publications.
Check weighmen 32 208 34 216 They throw light on the system from all points
Flat trimmers 33 211 35 217 of view and make clear, even to the most casual
Helpers
Timbermen
33
37
217
246
35
41
218
244
reader, the immense value of co-operation as exemplified
in this report.

WAGE, LIVING AND LABOR
CONDITIONS IN ENGLAND.
Marshal Halstead, United States consul at Birmingham,
England, in a recent report on relative
wages paid in the United States and Great Britain,
presents a clinching argument against the oftrefuted
yet oft-repeated statement that the British
workman does less work, lives better and is in a
general way better off than his American brother.
It is in the form of a letter in his possession,
written by an Englishman who, after working for
14 years in various parts of his native country,
emigrated to America. The writer says: "It is
nonsense to say the American works harder than
the Englishman, that he has more brains, that
the circumstances are different. I find a great
amount of sameness. The only difference I find
is that it is ten times easier to make a living
here than at home. The people are doing well,
consequently they are better buyers. No man
here, if he is worth his salt, will work for a bare
living. If he is a skilled man the manufacturer
has to pay in a fair proportion to his profits. I
used to hear, to refute all this, that in America
living was so expensive it neutralized all this high
wage benefit. I contend that this is wrong. To
start with, many American workmen own their
own homes. Such necessities of life as bread and
meat are cheaper. Fuel is dearer, so is clothing,
but not much. Anyhow, the great point is this:
The American artisan is a far better dressed man,
better fed, and more extravagant than his English
confrere; his children are given a free and better
education; he is thought more of. The snobs have
not as yet come here who look down on a man
who works, but honor him for it, and consequently
give him more respect for himself. I have visited
the lower parts of such large cities as San Francisco,
St. Louis and Pittsburgh, but in none, except
New York, have I seen a tenth part of the
dirt and poverty to he seen every day in similar
cities in England."
In the matter of wages and saving capacity two
examples from actual observation are given. One
of them is from a communication in which the
writer states that to his personal knowledge "several
foremen in some of the leading engineering
works in England received only 36 shillings ( $8.75 )
per week, that some of them had charge of over
40 men, while those doing the same class of work
in the United States would receive from 28 shillings
($6.81) to £2 ($9.73) per day, and in some
cases more." In conclusion he said that "wages
in England, compared with those in the United
States, are very low indeed."
A workman writing from Belfast to the London
Times stated that he and a fellow-workman were
each in receipt of 30 shillings ($7.30) a week in
Belfast; that his friend had emigrated to the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
United States, and when writing his experiences
concerning wages and cost of living said that his
expenditure had heen 27 shillings ($6.56) a week
in Belfast and his saving power only 3 shillings
(72 cents). In the United States, his wages being
twice those he had received in Belfast and his
expenditure only equivalent to 36 shillings ($8.75),
his saving power was 24 shillings ($5.83). In
other words, as this Ulster man put it in his communication
to the London Times, for every shilling
(24 cents) he used to save" in Great Britain
he could save 8 shillings ($1.95) in the United
States, besides having better educational facilities
provided for his children.
Regarding living in general, an American sent
to England to represent his firm says it costs more
to live in England than it did in the United States.
He thinks that, having made more money because
he has had a commission in addition to a salary,
he has heen more extravagant, but feels sure that
living here is as expensive as in the United States,
and often smiles when he thinks of the parting
words of his American employer who explained
what a promotion he was getting by being sent to
England on a salary guarantee, because "I could
live so much cheaper in England." An American
who had a food line thought living here as high
as in the United States and has bought three suits
of clothes the last time he was home.
"It would surprise our home folk to know how
many things Americans who live abroad buy when
on home trips," the consul continues. "One American
woman, the wife of a manufacturer here, said
to me: 'My friends thing I must be insane because
I buy so many things when I am home each
year, as though having lived abroad so long and
going home each year I do not know better than
they do what I am about.' "
Writing from Liverpool, Consul James Boyle
says:
Certainly trade generally is not in as good condition
as it was last year, or for several years
previously. Municipal and national statistics
show an ever-increasing number of men out of
employment; the wages for skilled men show a
continual lowering during the last twelve months;
the savings in the banks by working people have
decreased; the popular resorts where the British
workmen are accustomed to go by the hundreds
of thousands during the summer for a holiday.
show a marked diminution of visitors; and the
shopkeepers, not only in London, hut in the other
large cities of the country, as well as in the small
towns and villages, are complaining of the slackness
of business. The outlook for the coming
winter is so bad that the local government board
(national) issued a circular October 6 to the metropolitan
hoard of guardians, calling a conference
to consider steps to alleviate the feared abnormal

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
distress. In other words, all the indications,
with the exception of the figures of exports and
imports shown in the British blue book, are that
the past year has been anything but a prosperous
one for the British people.
Mr. J. R. Robinson, president Robinson Machine
Co., Monongahela, Pa., recently visited some of the
mines in Illinois and Indiana where the Robinson
fans are installed and made a number of tests. At
the mine of the Indiana Hocking Co., Farmersburg,
Ind.. he tested a 6-foot fan which is being
operated by a direct connected 9x8 inch engine
and the result obtained showed the fan to be furnishing
93,392 cubic feet of air per minute against
a 1.2-inch W. G., the speed of the fan being 286
revolutions per minute. The Robinson fan is
growing in favor among the Western operators.
Mr. E. J. Stein, for eighteen years with the
Joseph Walton Coal Co. of Louisville, Ky., and for
the last two years in California for his health,
has returned to Louisville and become connected
v ith the Eclipse Coal Co.
Mr. William C. Atwater, of William C. Atwater
& Co. has gone South to enjoy a short recreation
trip. He will also visit the company's mines in
the Pocahontas field before he returns.
Mr. C. L. Denison has been elected president
of the Iroquois Coal Co.. which owns the Brock
mine at Brockwayville, Pa., he being a half owner
of it.
The engagement of Mr. Frank Pardee, the Hazleton,
Pa., coal operator, to Miss Alice Ross, of
Brooklyn, is announced.
The harbor tug Joe Seay turned turtle near
Vieksburg. Miss., on November 22, and went down
in 100 feet of water. Engineer Walter Bobbs and
a negro deck hand were drowned. The tug, a
steel hull vessel valued at $25,000, was the property
of the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal
& Coke Co.. of Pittsburgh.
oooo
A fire believed to have originated from spontaneous
combustion recently destroyed a chute
containing 6,000 tons of soft coal at the Illinois
Central shops, Memphis. Tenn. The fire was a
spectacular affair, lasting several days, and being
at all times absolutely beyond the control of the
city firemen.
The steamer Germanic, owned by Hutchinson
& Co., of Cleveland, ard valued at $45,000, was
burned recently at Stag island, in the St. Clair
river. The Germanic had been aground, and was
loaded with 2,000 tons of soft coal.
oooo
The general office and commissary of the Corona
Coal & Iron Co. was destroyed by fire on November
23. The loss is estimated at between $25,000
and $30,000, and is only partly covered by insurance.
oooo
The machine shops and engine houses of the
Renicke Coal Mining Co., at Madisonville, Ky.,
have been destroyed by fire, entailing a heavy loss,
partly covered by insurance.
oooo
Fourteen miners were killed at the Carbondale
mines, near Morissey. B. C, by an explosion of
coal gas on November 18.
On account of the excess of acid in the lower
Monongahela river more than $500,000 worth of
apparatus is in use in mills below the mouth of
the Youghiogheny for the purpose of neutralizing
the water before it is allowed to go into the
boilers. The cost of operating the apparatus, including
the wages of chemists, amounts at some
plants to from $10,000 to $15,000 a year, not to
speak of the expense the acid causes to steamboat
owners.
o o o
The Phoenix Iron Works Co., of Meadville, Pa..
have received notice from St. Louis that the International
Philippine jury of the Exposition, in
its capacity of associate of the board of the Exposition,
under the presidency of Secretary of War
William H. Taft, has awarded them a gold medal
for the compound engine exhibited in the power
plant of the Philippine government board.
The Ward Shaft Association, composed of the
Gould and Curry, Savage. Chollar, Potosi, Bullion,
Alpha Consolidated, Exchequer and Julia Consolidated
companies in the Comstock lode, has
awarded to the International Steam Pump Company,
of New York, and the Westinghouse Electric
and Manufacturing Co., of Pittsburgh, the
contract for an $80,000 pumping plant.
A special steam-head for operating deep-well
pumps is described in Bulletin L-6f)2, published
by the Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Co., of New York
City. This device is designed for pumping from
all classes of wells where it is necessary to place
the pump cylinder far below the steam cylinder.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
NEW SWING HAMMER PULVERIZER.
The manufacture of this type of pulverizer has
recently been taken up by the Jeffrey Manufacturing
Co., of Columbus, Ohio, being made under
the Schoellhorn-Allbrecht patents acquired by it.
The one illustration shows the pulverizer with its
interior or crushing parts; the others show the
sectional screen frame which is one of the special
features in this machine.
It is designed for crushing and pulverizing ma-
Sections of the Screen Frame.
terial such as coal, clay, shale, rock and other
materials. The manufacturers claim it to be the
simplest of its kind made. Strong features are
its simple beater hammer, its "V" shape bar
screening surface, its simple adjustment of the
beater arms to accommodate wear, its substantial
adjustable dust proof pillow blocks, its top feed
hopper insuring large capacity and permitting
material to be partly crushed while in suspension;
all of which go to make this machine as nearly
perfect as can be made.
The accessibility of its inner parts is also one
of its strong features. The taking off of the rear
plate and the hand hole plates on the side of the
machine make it possible to change the beater
The Swing Hammer Pulverizer Showing Interior Parts
arms as well as tbe screening surface when necessary.
The screening surface is made up in sections, so
that it is the work of but a few moments to take
out or change from one size mesh to another.
Many of these machines are in use so there is no
experimental period to be gone through with.
It is made in many sizes to suit the various requirements:
for instance, in coal the capacity
varies any where from 50 to 100 tons of coal
per hour, depending entirely upon the degree of
fineness. In pulverizing material such as rock
its capacity is any where from ten to twenty-five
tons per hour.
The Jeffrey Company make free crushing tests
for interested parties thus demonstrating before
sale what the machine is capable of doing. A
complete catalogue on this subject can be had by
addressing the manufacturer.
The Great Scott Coal Co., a new concern, has
opened a new tipple three miles below Morgantown,
W. Va.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
4
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
4
MIIIIIIMHIIII HTITTmilllMIIMTTTTIIITTMMIIMIMTIHf*tHTtH>HTIIMIIM M
The abrupt cessation of the indifference so long
manifested by coal consumers despite numerous
and timely warnings, coupled with the very general
reports of car shortage and unsatisfactory
transportation facilities, has made haulage capacity
the dominant factor in the coal market—a
position it probably will retain throughout the
winter season. It is only within the last fort :
night that many of the large buyers have begun
to realize that the advice given them weeks ago
was honestly intended and not fabricated for the
purpose of stimulating the market. Their awakening,
coming as it does simultaneously with the
general early winter demand and the complete
resumption of a vast number of large industrial
plants which have either heen wholly idle or Tuning
at fractional capacity, has had the effect of
crowding transportation facilities. Investigation
shows that practically none of the railroads is
in position to greatly improve its facilities in the
near future. This is due largely to the very general
stoppage of repair work on rolling stock
during the period of industrial depression and the
very general backwardness about resuming it even
to the extent of meeting current needs. Experience
proves that transportation conditions like the
present one invariably grow worse before the first
signs of improvement are shown and that the
troubles and annoyances caused are cumulative,
because the first indication of a rush and of difficulty
in meeting it, is always the signal for belated
buyers to make clamorous demands for immediate
large shipments whether their need is
urgent or not. The outlook, then, is that producers
will, for an indefinite but most probably
an extended period, have a market for all the coal
they can obtain haulage for and that prices will
continue to stiffen until transportation facilities
are fully equal to the demand upon them. The
brunt of the distress which now seems probable
will fall on those consumers whose dilatoriness is
responsible for present and expected conditions.
There is not the least ground for laying the responsibility
at the door of the producers because
it is universally known that they were well prepared
to forestall the possibility of insufficient
transportation. Moreover, they urged their customers
and the trade generally to take advantage
of the opportunity offered a short time ago when
prices were very low and transportation facilities
all that could be desired. In the movement of
bituminous coal to the lake loading ports from
the West Virginia, Fairmont. Western Pennsylvania
and Ohio fields there has been little change.
It is generally conceded now, however, that the
producing companies will be unable to move all
the coal they had expected to dock points before
the end of the season of lake navigation. With
a normal winter it is anticipated that dock supplies
of coal will be closely cleaned up at all points
next spring, and for that reason every effort is
being made to get coal forward to loading points
before the close of navigation. With only a
short time in wliich to forward coal by way of
the great lakes there is more pressure than ever
to secure cars and vessels, but so far as can he
learned no great progress has been made in that
direction, the tonnage loaded at Cleveland, Lorain,
Toledo, Sandusky and other points for upper
lake docks not having been materially increased.
The grain movement from the West and Southwest
is just commencing but is not yet seriously
interfering with the supply of cars at the mines in
the Mississippi valley. Kansas City shippers
report that they are short of cars at the mines
about one day in the week, but this is causing no
great shortage of coal. In Illinois and Indiana,
generally speaking, the supply of cars has been
satisfactory and the production heavy. As a
matter of fact, it has been so heavy that prices
have begun to sag again, especially on steam
coals and the finer sizes, such as screenings and
slack. Every mine in the West almost has been
producing during the last two weeks and with
this immense production and weather which has
been mild for this season of the year, the tendency
has been dull on practically all descriptions of
coal except that required for domestic purposes,
which only holds fairly firm and is not as active
at it ought to be at this season of the year.
The shortage of water continues to keep down
production in the Connellsville coke region and
unless weather conditions change soon several
plants will be compelled to shut down. Demand
for coal is still strong and with the prevailing
conditions is pushing prices upward at a rapid
pace. It is reported that offers for immediate
delivery of from $1.90 to $2.10 and even higher
have been made during the last few days. From
this it begins to look as if $2.25 coke, or even
higher, is not too much to expect and especially
is this likely to come to pass if the scarcity of
water continues for any great length of time.
There has been a fairly good car supply during
the last month, Imt the railroads are beginning
to have trouble to get the empties returned to the
region. Operations are frequently delayed by the
irregular return of empty cars. The addition of
a very great number of overs to the active list
may result in a shortage of cars. Coke con-

sumers evidently foresee trouble of this character
and are making unusual demand for prompt delivery.
Conditions are strong and improving in the
Atlantic seaboard bituminous trade. Producers
generally give the impression that they have all
the orders they desire, at least for the present,
while the car supply is inadequate. The consensus
of opinion intimates higher prices. In the
far East there is a good demand and the movement
suggests that consumers are now buying
who early in the year, when prices and freights
were lower, did not feel inclined to take advantage
of the market conditions. Along the Sound
trade shows an increase and shipments to all
shoal-water ports are what are known as last cargoes
before ice makes. An improvement is noted
in New York harbor, although this is the slowest
consuming market on the roll. All-rail trade is
extensive and the demand is so urgent that producers
are obliged to curtail their tidewater shipments.
The car supply is especially poor on the
Virginia roads, greatly inconveniencing shippers.
Fortunately, transportation facilities are excellent,
which to an extent relieves the aggravating posi­
tion of the car shortage. In the coastwise market
large vessels are in good supply and rates from
Philadelphia are: To Boston, Salem and Portland,
60c; Portsmouth, 65c; Lynn and Newburyport,
75c; the Sound, 50c. New York harbor
freights continue at 60c around the Cape.
The anthracite market shows no new features.
It continues practically a weather market, and, as
frosty weather persistently holds off, there is
nothing to change the even tenor which prevails.
The weather still continues very moderate and
everybody is confidently predicting an open winter,
and is consequently delaying the purchase of
coal. This, of course, has its effect on the wholesale
trade in the prepared sizes. In steam sizes
business continues moderate, but is, if anything,
a little better than it has heen.
In Chicago and other Western territory conditions
are almost the same. Shipments of anthracite
to Buffalo and to the Western all-rail points
have been delayed by shortage of cars, and this
condition promises to last for a time. In the lake
trade the last cargoes are now being rushed up
by boats, trying to make one or two more trips
before the insurance period expires; after that
time only a few scattering cargoes of hard coal
can he expected, although there is no sign yet of
ice making, even at the Sault.
Prices continue unchanged in prepared sizes.
There is no special alteration in steam sizes, although
they are, if anything, a little firmer.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. .",7
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
prices unchanged. Smalls are a shade easier.
Quotations are: Best Welsh steam coal. $3.54; seconds,
$3.36; thirds, $3.12; dry coals, $3.24; best
Monmouthshire. $3.06; seconds, $3; best small
steam coal, $2.04; seconds, $1.80; other sorts, $T.68.
WATER SHORTAGE SERIOUSLY
AFFECTS COKE OPERATIONS.
Unless the water shortage is soon remedied in
the Connellsville coke region several plants will
be compelled to shut down. Demand for coke is
strong and is pushing prices upward. It is reported
that offers for immediate delivery of from
$1.90 to $2.10 have been made. Operations are
delayed by the irregular return of empty cars.
The addition of ovens to the active list may result
in a car shortage.
The last weekly summary of the Connellsville
coke region shows a total of 23.137 ovens, of which
16.457 are in operation and 6.6S0 idle. Production
for the week was 195,132 tons, an increase of 699
tons over the week previous. The shipments aggregated
9,322 cars, or a total of'210,245 tons, an
increase of 658 tons. The Masontown shipments
amounted to 1,834 cars, estimated at 51.352 tons, a
gain over the previous week of 1,680 tons.
A New Text Book On Coal Mining.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN is in receipt of "Coal
Mining." a new text book from the press of the
N. W. Henley Publishing Co.. of New York, by
T. H. Cockin, of the institution of Mining Engineers
and lecturer on coal mining at Sheffield University
College. The work is an elementary class
book designed to give the student a practical grasp
of the principles of coal mining. It also provides
an insight into several allied subjects including
chemistry, mechanics, electricity and steam. It
contains a map of the British coal fields and over
200 illustrations prepared specially for the work.
While the author is an Englishman, trained under
British mining systems, his work is characterized
by an absence of that local bias that is frequently
observable in books of the kind produced by foreigners.
Every practical, modern system and
method of coal mining is well presented and while
there is no lack of text books of the same character,
Mr. Cockin's work has in addition to other
special merits that of being up-to-date in every
way. It is designed especially for the use of students
and those preparing to qualify for mine superintendents'
certificates.
Clint Hellar has purchased the coal business
of Howe & Allen at Wichita, Kan.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SYKESVILLE MINE OF THE CASCADE COAL & COKE CO.
The above is a view of the surface plant at the Cascade Coal & Coke Co.'s Sykesville mine in
Jefferson county. Pa., now nearing completion. The engineers who designed and superintended
the construction were The W. G. Wilkins Co.. Westinghouse Building, Pittsburgh.
L RETAIL TRADE NOTES.
It is announced in Philadelphia that the winter
price for domestic sizes of anthracite coal will
be $0.75 a ton. which will rule until April when
the usual spring reduction of 50 cents a ton will
be made.
*
Frank Longnecker has purchased the coal and
wood business of E. O. and Thomas Willips at
Des Moines, Ia.
J. L. Armstrong has sold his interest in the
Lewiston Fuel & Ice Co.. of Lewiston. Ida., to J.
M. Pearce.
*
F. C. Caulton, a coal and implement dealer of
Silver Creek, Neb., has sold out his implement
business.
The Imperial Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Omaha, Neb., with an authorized capital stock of
$10,000.
.
T. F. Mahoney has sold his lumber, coal and
lime business at Greeley, Neb., to the Dierks Lumber
Co.
*
The Anchor Coal & Mining Co. has been incorporated
in Kansas City with a capital stock of
$2,500.
*
The Western Iron. Coal & Coke Co. has succeeded
the Montezuma Coal & Coke Co. at Tacoma.
Wash.
The Rupert-Fenn Coal & Ice Co. has been incorporated
at St. Louis. Mo., with a capital stock of
$5,000.
*
The C. W. Hull Co., coal and lime dealers of
Omaha. Neb., have sustained a considerable fire
loss.
*
The Hutchin-Hanks Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Kansas City with a capital of $20,000.

The Iron City Fuel Co. has been incorporated
at Pueblo, Col., with a capital stock of $25,000.
#
McConald & Duff have sold out their fuel business
in Canon City, Col., to Loggins & Owens.
*
The Como Coal Co. has been incorporated
with a capital stock 01 $10,000 at Como, Tex.
*
Wagner & Sons, coal and grain dealers of Meriden,
la., have given a bill of sale for $3,500.
*
The Peoples Coal Co., of Hatley, Wis., is about
to open a new general store at that point.
ness of Turney & Royer in Enid, Okla.
*
Smith & Dalner have purchased the fuel business
of J. H. Reratt at Spokane, Wash.
*
The Howe & Allen Coal Co., of Wichita, Kan.,
has given a lease on its coal bins.
*
J. H. White has purchased the fuel business of
W. R. Baxtee at Fort Worth. Tex.
*
The Great Northern Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Vancouver, Wash.
*
C. F. Likins has purchased the fuel business of
J. A. Kyle at Granada. Col.
*
The death is reported of W. T. Radford, a fuel
dealer of Kansas City, Kan.
The Big Square Coal Co. is a new company at
Rockdale, Tex.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. .Il
ested, is being formed in that city to develop
The Kierstad Coal Co. has been incorporated at 1,200 acres of coal and lire clay land in Carter
Kansas City.
county, Ky.
planned.
A $500,000 corporation is being
The Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. has let the contract
for the erection of ten double houses on Buffalo
hill, adjoining the borough of South Canonsburg,
Pa. The contract price is $10,500.
Big Bond Issue Authorized.
The Great Lakes Coal Co. of Pittsburgh, has authorized
a bond issue of $2,500,000 40-year 5 per
cent, gold bonds, and has made the Commonwealth
Trust Co. of Pittsburgh trustee for the bond
holders under the mortgage. It is understood
the Commonwealth Trust Co. has financed the
present issue of $1,500,0(10.
The Big Falls Coal Co., of Morgantown, W. Va..
which owns mines along the Monongahela river
near the thirteenth pool, has completed negotiations
for the purchase of the towboat F. K. Hillings,
which will form the first of the Big Falls
A. A. DeLong has disposed of his coal and other
Coal Co.'s fleet. Other boats will be added as
interests in Wayne, la., to F. W. Jones.
needed, as it is the intention of the firm to open
up (iOO acres of coal land near the junction of the
Wilson & Royer have succeeded to the coal busi­
West Fork and Tygart s Valley rivers.
The discovery of coal in Perry county (Penna.).
near Duncannon, in quantities yet to be determined,
has sent upward the hopes of many people
living in that section. Neither the extent of the
vein nor the quality of the coal has been determined
by geological examination.
The Pittsburgh & Washington Coal Co., which
has just completed a mine in Independence township,
has let the contract for 50 houses to be
occupied by employes. The mine is on a branch
of the Wabash. Within a few weeks the conipany
will open another mine.
The American Coal & Coke Co. has begun to
ship Black Band coal from its 1,000-acre tract on
Briar Creek, near Charleston. W. Ya. The development
of the tract was begun last April but the
H. K. Bender has sold his coal business at Linoutput
has been stored until the present time on
coln, Neb., to J. P. Greith.
account of the lack of transportation facilities.
*
The Fort Scott Light & Fuel Co. has been in­ The Sayosa Coal Co., Jasper, Ala., has been incorporated
at Kansas City.
corporated. This company owns 4,000 acres of
*
land near Parrish. Walker county, and will shortly
E. W. Elwell has sold out his coal and lumber open mines with a capacity of one thousand tons
business at Sterling, Neb.
daily.
A company in which Frank C. Grote. president
of the Globe Chemical Co., of Cincinnati, is inter­
The coal roads, represented in the Ohio Coal
Traffic Association, abolished on December 1 the
system of re-consigning coal at distributing points
and particularly at Toledo.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
At the ninth annual convention of the International
Seamen's Union starting December 5 in
San Francisco, the various unions of lake seamen
will make a demand that jurisdiction be given the
seamen's union over every person employed on
boats. The longshoremen's union has organized
the firemen, engineers, tugmen, fishermen and several
other crafts working on the lakes, and this
attempt of the Lake Seamen's Union to take jurisdiction
will be the culmination of a fight that lias
been threatening for several years. tne seamen
are willing to concede to the longshoremen jurisdiction
over all workers along the docks, but
claim that the dividing line must be drawn wlun
it comes to vessels. The longshoremen, cn the
other hand, have been laboring for almost a aecade
to bring under their jurisdiction every employe on
and along the lakes to form one organization, to
embrace every person who is earning his bread
in any manner through lake traffic.
A shortage of empty flats and river barges has
resulted in nearly all the river mines in the Pittsburgh
district shutting down temporarily. Of the
40 mines owned by the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co.. not more than half a
dozen are being worked. The company has about
800 empties strung along the Ohio river between
here and Cairo, but the continued low water has
prevented them from being brought up to the
pools. All the barges in the pools have been
loaded and there are enough loaded boats in the
Monongahela river to provide tows for four or
five Southern trips of all the company's steamboats.
* * *
District Attorney Trowbridge, of Cripple Creek,
Col., has dismissed the cases against 43 men who
had been charged with complicity in the independence
depot explosion and the Victor riot of June 6
last. Two of the men had been in jail five
months. The others were out on bonds. There
remain similar charges against 17 men, including
Charles H. Moyer, president, and William D. Haywood,
secretary-treasurer of the Western Federation
of Miners, but it is doubtful whether the
cases will ever be tried. Since the election about
50 men who had been deported have returned to
the district and have not been molested.
* * *
Coal miners who are members of the Pittsburgh
district United Mine Workers, have sent in the
nomination for officers of the organization for the
annual election. Besides Patrick Dolan for president,
there is a second candidate for the leadership.
For vice-president there are 11 candidates,
and for secretary-treasurer of the organization
there are three. Six members want the one position
on the national executive board, and 117 are
asking election to the nine positions as members
of the district executive board.
* * *
State Mine Inspector Josiah T. Evans has instituted
proceedings at Johnstown, Pa., against Steve
Slobonik and Joseph Sladoda who are charged
with having taken naked lamps into a heading of
the Cambria Rolling Mill mine in direct violation
of the company's orders as issued upon direction
of the mine inspector. The mine was the scene of
the terrible accident a couple of years ago in
which 113 lives were lost by an explosion of gas
doubtless caused by an open flame ot some kind.
* * *
Fifteen new men from Tunnelton attempted to
organize a mutiny among the miners at the Powell
Coal & Coke Co.'s plant near Grafton, W. Va.
After running things to suit themselves for some
time, disregarding the rules of the plant and working
or loafing as pleased them best, the superintendent
of the mine called a halt. Seven of the
men then attacked the superintendent and one
of the clerks but were badly worsted, after which
the disturbers were discharged.
* * *
The Salem Coal Co. mines at Salem, O., have
been closed down until such time as the miners
consent to work on a screen basis. Other mines
in the district will also shut down for a like reason.
The run-of-mine basis of mining coal militates
against the operators in that section, it is
asserted, and unless there are important changes
in the system made by the miners there will be
little if any work done hereafter.
* * *
Smallpox has broken out at the mining town of
Morris Run, Tioga county. Pa., where the men
have been on a strike since April, putting a stop
to the eviction proceedings of the company. More
than 50 houses are quarantined. President Patrick
Gilday of the United Mine Workers has been
in the field endeavoring to effect a settlement with
the officials.
* * *
A race war among coal miners at Frazer, la.,
is feared. Thomas Albright, a white miner, was
shot and mortally wounded by James Price, a
negro. A white miners' meeting was held and a
vote passed to refuse to work longer with the
negroes. There are from 35 to 50 negroes in the
mining camp, and 1,200 whites.
* * *
Boston is to have another joint delegate body.
one representing the unions of the different lines
engaged in the coal-handling industry, which will
represent about 5,000 men. The coal teamsters

and handlers, coal heavers and trimmers and coalhoisting
engineers' unions will be represented
in it.
* * *
The Pittsburgh Vein Coal Operators' Association,
of Ohio, has adopted the code of rules devised
by i Chief Mine Inspector George Harrison,
with a view to increasing the safety of the workmen
in the No. 8 seam in the mines in Jefferson,
Belmont and Harrison counties.
* * *
Big Mountain colliery slope, after an idleness
of four years owing to the Philadelphia & Reading
Coal & Iron Co. (dosing down because the firemen,
then on strike, would not work to prevent the mine
from flooding, has been reopened. Two hundred
men and boys are employed.
* * *
A strike by which 1.200 mine employes were
thrown idle for one day took place at mine No. 9
of the Pennsylvania Coal Co. near Pittston, Pa.
The shutdown was occasioned by the discharge of
two drivers, who, it is alleged, quit work before
the whistle was sounded.
« * •
John Fahy, of Pottsville, president of District
No. 9, will be the choice of the anthracite mine
workers for national president if John Mitchell
steps out, as has been reported, to become the
head of a new Civic Federation.
• • *
The 400 miners of the Wade and Morgan Run
mines near Coshocton, 0., have voted to accept
the proposition of President Dennis, of Cleveland,
for arbitration and will start to work. They have
been on strike since May.
* * *
The strike of the coal carters of Havre, France,
which left the city without coal for two weeks.
has been settled by the authorities using a squadron
of cavalry to protect the carters who were
opposed to the strike.
• » •
All the mines in the Coal creek district of the
Tennessee field have resumed operations on the
"open shop" basis. The normal output has not
yet been reached but the shipments are increasing
steadily.
* * *
The Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. has
arranged to give its employes a series of lectures
by mining, electrical, ventilating, pumping, lubricating
and medical experts.
* * *
Work has been resumed at the plant of the Loyalhanna
Coal & Coke Co. at Latrobe. Pa. All of
the 300 ovens are being fired.
a * *
The miners of the Cumberland & Georges Creek
Coal Co. are being put on full time.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. II
|*| NEW ENTERPRISES. Jj
The Pittsburgh & Wabash Coal Co. has been organized
with a capital of $200,000, by Monessen,
Charleroi and Donora men, who own nearly 2,000
acres on the line of the Wabash. The officers are:
President. Theodore J. Allen; secretary and treasurer,
R. L. Riddle; solicitor, D. M. McClosky.
—+—
The Calder Brick and Coal Co.. Detroit; capital
stock. $100,000; treasurer, Alexander McVittie, Detroit,
Mich: directors, Alexander McVittie, Charles
B. Calder, Alvin F. Knoblich, Fred. H. Aldrich,
Detroit; William H. G. Walker, Eunice N. Walker,
Cameron.
1
The Curogen Coal Co., of Paintsville, Ky.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators. E. S. Hitchins, Olive
Hill, Ky.; L. N. Davis. S. S. Willis, Ashland, Ky.;
John C. Mayo, Paintsville, Ky.; and Adam E.
Hitchins, Frostburg, Md.
—+—
Thacker Fee Co., Elkhorn, W. Va.: capital. $50,-
000; incorporators, Howard H. Houston, Chester,
Pa.; Charles E. Pugh, Philadelphia; T. E. Houston,
Elkhorn; A. J. Duel. Harrisburg, Pa.: George
S. Graham, Philadelphia.
—+—
The Wolf Tongue Mining Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.;
capital, $100,000: incorporators, A. G. McKennan,
Copeland, Pa.; Austin A. Wheelock, New York
City; C. V. Wheeler, J. W. Kinner, Eben B. Clock,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
—+—
Mount Carmel Coal & Coke Co.. Mount Carmel.
W. Va.; capita], $100,000; incorporators, George E.
Burner, Joseph Gould, Frederick W. McGrady, Mt.
Carmel. Pa.; William N. Brown, of Charleston, W.
Va.
Curogen Coal Co., Paintville, K.; capital. $50.-
000; incorporators. E. S. Hitchens, Olive Hill, Ky.:
L. N. Davis, S. S. Willis, Ashland, Ky.; John C.
Mayo. Paintville, Ky.; and Adam E. Hitchens,
Frostburg, Md.
—+—
The Jackson Mining Co.. Saoneboro, Pa.: capital,
$14,000; incorporators, E. S. Templeton, T. G.
Whiteman, S. J. Orr, Greenville; R. P. Gann,
Stoneboro; F. W. Powers, Youngstown, O.
Mohican Coal Co., Philadelphia; capital stock.
$15,000; treasurer. Francis S. Laws, Philadelphia;
directors, Francis C. Adler, Francis S. Laws, J.
Frank Staley, Philadelphia.
—+—
Braidwood-Wilmington Coal & Manufacturing
Co., Braidwood, 111.; capital, $25,000; incorporators,
B. H. Higgins, Joseph Malek, James Barnes.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Pittsburgh Coal & Fuel Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa.;
capital, $500,000; incorporators, Mark G. Hobbs
and D. B. Negley. Pittsburgh, and L. E. McKain,
Allegheny.
—+—
The Kimberly Coal Co., of Knox county, Tenn.;
capital. $30,000; incorporators. J. K. Griffin. E. F.
Wiley, B. A. Thornton, Hu L. McClung and L. M.
G. Baker.
—+—
Ground Flour Mining Co., Cleveland, O; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, F. N. Bendelari, E. H.
Josephi, J. R. Miller. C. W. McCormick and Alvin
Good.
—+—
The Central Ohio Coal Co., Dayton, O.; capital,
$200,000; incorporators, R. E. Kline. Albert Frendenberger,
H. Orrin Jones, Walter L. Kline. J. H.
Carr.
—+—
The Indiana Coal & Coke Co., Indiana, Pa.; capital.
$400,000; incorporators, H. Clay Campbell.
Charles W. Embrey and Ralph E. Campbell.
h—
Standard Coal Co., Medina, O.; capital. $12,000;
incorporators, W. S. Reed, J. A. Hover, A. E. Townsend,
J. R. Gamble and Mary E. Reed.
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS. •
It is estimated by experts that the area of Ameri
can coal fields, at present open to mining, is more
than five times as great as that of the coal fields
of England, France. Germany and Belgium; the
great coal producing countries of Europe. While
practically all the available coal areas of those
countries have been opened to mining, ours have
scarcely been estimated. When we consider that
coal is one of the great motive powers in the
manufacturing world it is evident that this immense
wealth of coal will be of such an advantage
to the United States as to be beyond any man's
calculation.
The Fentress Coal & Coke Co., recently organized
with Gen. John T. Wilder, pension agent of
Knoxville. Tenn., is preparing to make extensive
developments at Wilder, Tenn.. on the Tennessee
Central railroad. The company owns 10,000 acres
of land at Wilder and will open several mines
with a capacity of 25 cars a day. The company
is also preparing to develop the timber property
of that region, large amounts of timber being
owned by the Fentress Coal & Coke Co.
'I'he Lambert shaft of the H. C. Frick Coke Co.
claims to hold the record for the fastest hoisting
of coal from a vertical shaft that has yet been
done in the Pittsburgh district. Recently in a half
day's operation 575 mine cars were raised from a
depth of 600 feet or at a rate of more than 100
mine cars an hour. During the time the record
was being made the hoisting machinery was
blocked twice for the space of ten minutes each
time.
A meeting of the stockholders of the Bessemer
Coal & Coke Co. has been called for December 30,
to vote on resolutions passed by the board of
directors to change the general offices of the company
from Johnstown. Pa., to Pittsburgh, and to
increase the concern's indebtedness from $50,000 to
$200,000; also to authorize a bond issue of $200,000.
The A. R. Budd coal mines at Webster, Pa., have
been sold to the Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co., of
Pittsburgh. The consideration is said to have
been in the neighborhood of $250,OOo. The property
contains 350 acres of coal with a frontage on
the Monongahela river of 2,100 feet. The capacity
of the working mines is said to be 1.000 tons daily.
An action has been brought by the Clyde Coal
Co. to recover $62,094.55 from the Pittsburgh &
Lake Erie Railway Co. for alleged violation of
an agreement. The statement filed asserts that
the Clyde Conipany has lost the amount asked for
by failure of the railroad to remove its coal from
Bunola, on the Monongahela river.
Arturo Longega, William Beckman, the latter
of Parral, Ariz., and others have just acquired
title to 25,000 acres of coal land 25 miles West of
Salinas, Coahuila, Mex., and the development of
the property at once is planned. Considerable
machinery, including engines, boilers and hoists,
are on the ground.
The Merchant's Coal Co., of West Virginia, called
a meeting of stockholders for November 30 at its
main office in Baltimore to consider a resolution
providing for enlarging the corporate powers of
the organization and authorizing it to hold and
own additional land in West Virginia.
The Boyle Coal Co. has sold its mines and holdings
at Hilliards, on the Pittsburgh, Bessemer &
Lake Erie railroad to a company composed of
Harry and James Hamilton, of Hilliards; Row
and Miller, of Uniontown, and others. The consideration
is $18,000.
Massillon (O.) coal operators have advanced the
price of 114-inch screen coal from $2 to $2.25 a
ton at the mine. The new rate will become effective
December 1. Prices of other grades of coal
have been increased in proportion.

TEXT OF THE AGREEMENT GOVERN­
ING HOISTING ENGINEERS OF ILLINOIS.
The Illinois Coal Operators' Association and the
United Mine Workers have ratified the agreement
providing for a wage scale and working conditions
for hoisting engineers. This action ends
the existence of the Brotherhood of Hoisting Engineers
of Illinois, which refused to abide by the
scale changes accepted by other mine workers in
the state, and which declared a strike, alike injurious
and unjust to their fellow-workmen and
employers. The majority of the former members
of the brotherhood have returned to work. The
following is the text of the agreement:
Memorandum of agreement, made and entered
into by and between the Illinois Coal Operators'
Association and United Mine Workers of Illinois
witnesseth:
1st. That on and after November 1, 1904, until
April 1, 1906, the coal hoisting engineers employed
by the members of the Illinois Coal Operator's
Association in the state of Illinois shall be
paid the following scale of wages, to-wit:
Class A—Mines with a daily capacity of 500
tons or over, and employing one. two or three
engineers, first engineer $85.50 per month, second
engineer $75.56 per month, third engineer $70.84
per month.
Class B—Mines with a daily capacity of 200
tons, and less than 500 tons, employing one, two
or three engineers, first engineer $80.28 per month.
second and third engineers each. $70.84 per month.
Class C—Mines with a daily capacity of less
than 200 tons, and more than 100 tons, employing
one or two engineers, first engineer $80.28 per
month, second engineer $68.48 per month, each
for a nine-hour working day, and each to do his
own firing.
Class D—Mines with a daily capacity of 100
tons or less, employing one or two engineers,
each engineer $66.11 per month, for a nine-hour
day, the engineer to do his own firing.
Engineers employed at mines in course of sinking,
shall be paid $2.83 per day of eight hours, and
shall do their own firing when required.
2d. It is understood and agreed that, except
as provided in class C and D, the foregoing scale
is for eight hours' work, seven days in the week;
but that any mine in Class A or B can establish
a nine or ten-hour day for one or two engineers,
by paying therefor a proportionate rate, and any
mine in Class C or D can establish a ten-hour day
by paying therefor a proportionate rate based on
the above nine-hour scale. The eight hours' work
at mines in Class A or B and the nine hours' work
in Classes C and D, shall be exclusive of noon or
dinner time, where one or two engineers are employed;
but where the engineer is required to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
work during the noon or dinner time he shall be
paid accordingly.
3d. No engineers shall lay off or exchange
shifts without the consent of the operator.
At mines working three engineers, the first engineer
shall complete the hoisting shift, where
desired, without overtime, and the remainder of
the 24 hours shall be divided between the other
two engineers and paid for the same as two full
eight-hour shifts.
Provided, that where it is mutually agreed, the
engineers may exchange shifts or the second engineer
may complete the hoisting shift; and
should the question of competency arise it may
be taken up through the proper channel.
4th. It is understood and agreed that where
the above scale of wages is paid, there sliall be
no charge for overtime by the engineers except
as hereinafter provided; any or all engineers shall
perform such work when required.
The hoisting engineer being generally in charge
of all engines and machinery on top. such as
dynamos and compressors, and engines for shaker
screens, box car loaders, dirt dump haulage, etc.,
it is understood to be a part of his duties to repair
them (with the exception of electric repairs
to dynamos) in cases of emergency without overtime
or extra pay; but it is further understood
and agreed that where any engineer not on duty,
is required to come to or remain at the mine on
account of a breakage or accident to the machinery,
which is not attributable to the negligence
of the engineer, such overtime shall be paid
for at an hour rate based on his monthly salary.
All engineers will attend to the ordinary, incidental
repairs without overtime, even though some
overtime has to be worked. But if an engineer
at a mine where two or more engineers are employed
is required to come out or stay out to do
some work on another shift on account of a breakage
or accident, as stated herein, he shall be allowed
overtime; or if, where only one engineer is
employed, he is required to work overtime repairing
a breakage or accident, not attributable to his
negligence, he shall likewise be entitled to overtime
on the same basis.
It is also agreed that in case of sickness or
unexpected absence of any engineer the other
engineer or engineers shall perform his duties.
and if desired by them his wages for the time so
absent shall revert to the engineers performing
such extra service.
5th. When the mine is in active operation
hoisting coal, it is, of course, understood that the
engineer's place is in the engine room; but otherwise
when not so employed, and he is on pay, he
shall perform any work, not herein specifically
excepted, in connection with the boilers, machinery
and appliances directly under his charge, that

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the operator or his accredited representative may
direct, except patching boiler or inserting new
flues.
No engineer shall be required to clean boilers
without assistance; such assistance to be selected
by the operator.
6th. A licensed engineer shall be employed at
all times when steam is required at the throttle
in compliance with the state law. He shall, at
the option of the operator, do his own firing at
Class A and B mines, except the engineer that
hoists the coal on days when hoisting in excess
of an aggregate of 50 tons of coal per 24 hours for
railroad chutes or wagon trade, and except when
the mine shuts down in the middle of a shift.
The engineer shall do his own firing at mines
of any class (except as herein provided) except
when compressors or haulage engines are running
or dynamos are operated for other purposes than
furnishing light for the company's premises or
for operating the ventilating fan of the mine.
7th. In case of either local or general suspension
of mining, either at the expiration of this
contract, or otherwise, the engineers shall not
suspend work, but shall, when mining is suspended,
fully protect all of the company's prop­
erty under their care, and operate fans and
pumps, and lower and hoist such men or supplies
as may be required to keep up steam at the company's
coal plants; but it is understood and
agreed that the operators will not ask them to
hoist any coal produced by non-union labor for
sale on the market.
Should the interests of the engineers be directly
involved in any issue at the expiration of this
contract and any engineers cease from work, the
United Mine Workers of America will provide
competent men to perform the emergency work
above recited.
Sth. It is also agreed that in case of any dispute
or trouble arising between any engineer and
the operator by whom he is employed, work shall
not be suspended, but the grievance shall be
taken up by the proper officials.
9th. As rapidly as the requisite corps of competent
engineers is provided at the different
mines, the engineers sliall become members of
the I'nited Mine Workers of America, and thereafter
only members thereof shall be employed as
hoisting engineers when such members, competent
to fill the positions, can be obtained.
10th. The capacity of the mines shall be determined
by the operator and engineer or engineers
of each mine, and in the event of their failure to
agree, it shall be immediately referred to the officials
of the respective organizations, whose deci­
sion shall be final and binding upon both parties.
11th. No hoisting engineer shall be subject to
the authority or espionage of the local union or
pit committee. It is not the intent of this con­
tract either to enlarge or to restrict their duties
and privileges as heretofore existing or exercised.
or to change any established condition. In case
of any dispute between any engineer and operator
whicn they cannot adjust, it shall be referred to
the operator or his superintendent and the miners'
sub-district president for adjustment: and upon
their failure to agree it shall be referred to the
state officers of the respective organizations for
adjustment. The provisions of the state contract
between the Illinois Coal Operators' Association
and the United Mine Workers of Illinois shall
apply to the engineers to the extent that they
are in harmony with this contract, and with the
conditions and practices heretofore recognized be­
tween the operators and their engineers, and the
mode of settling disputes arising between them.
12th. It is agreed that wdiere engineers have
been on strike and their places have been filled by
other men, the old engineers who promptly apply
will be reinstated to their former positions, without
prejudice, except where the operator has good
reasons to refuse reinstatement, and in all such
cases, the dispute will be immediately taken up
by the operator involved and the sub-district president
for adjustment as set forth in the 11th paragraph
of this agreement. In no case will the
operator discriminate against an engineer on account
of his having discontinued work Novem­
ber 1.
The foregoing agreement was adopted at a
joint conference of the executive committee of the
Illinois Coal Operators' Association and the state
executive board of the United Mine Workers of
America. District No. 12. held in Springfield, 111.,
November 5. 1904. subject to the approval and
confirmation of the Illinois Coal Operators' Asso­
ciation. ^"IfTT
On behalf of the executive committee the Illinois
Coal Operators' Association.
C. L. SCROGGS, Secretary.
HERMAN JUSTI. Commissioner.
On behalf of the state executive board, the United
Mine Workers of America, District No. 12.
H. C. PERRY, President.
W. D. RYAN, Secretary.
A COAL COMBINATION IN SPAIN.
F. W. Mahin, the American consul at Notting­
ham, England, has information to the effect that
a coal combination is being formed in Spain
with the object of cutting out the English producers.
The plan is to combine all the coal
mines of Spain under one management, with a
capital of $40,000,000, hoping to increase the total
output.

J
IHE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Three
Grand Prizes
RECEIVED AT THE
St. Louis Exposition.
HIGHEST AWARDS OVER ALL
One For Wire Rope.
COMPETITORS.
One For Wire Rope Tramways.
One For Conveying and Transmission Haulage Outfits.
45
v
A. Leschen & Sons Rope C
BRANCH OFFICES AND WAREHOUSES:
NEW YORK, CHICAGO, DENVER.
920-932 NORTH FIRST ST.,
ST. LOUIS, MO.
"\ r

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GEN'L MANAGER.
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
• >
W. S. WALLACE, SECRETARY. E. E. WALLING, GEN'L SALES AGENT. ff
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
m

New Coal Mines For Somerset County.
Engineers of the Pennsylvania railroad have
commenced the survey for a branch from the Ber­
wind-White coal operations at Foustwell to Bos­
well and the new fields being opened in Jenner,
Stony Creek and Quemahoning townships in Som­
erset county. The road will be in operation by
next spring. Contractors for the Baltimore &
Ohio railroad have also begun work on an exten­
sion from the Somerset and Cambria branch at
the junction of the Stony Creek river and Quemahoning
creek to the mines being opened by the
Quemahoning Coal Co. near Holsopple.
New Competitor For Soft Coal Trade.
When tiie Western Maryland railroad is com­
pleted and linked up with the West Virginia Central
and Pittsburgh railway, it is likely to become
a strong competitor of the Baltimore & Ohio and
the Pennsylvania railroads in the soft coal market.
As owners of the Davis Coal & Coke Co. mines and
ovens in West Virginia, it will compete for the
New York and New England trade now so largely
supplied by the Baltimore & Ohio. In prepara­
tion for this business the Western Maryland is
-THE
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 17
having several sea-going tugs and barges built, and
it is said will run them to points above Cape Cod,
with the usual schooner fleet that come to Baltimore
for coal.
Lackawanna Co. Departure.
The Lackawanna Co. will try the experiment at
an early day of operating its Truesdale colliery
with water power. A tunnel will be constructed
from the breaker to the Susquehanna river. It
is said the operation of the colliery by water will
reduce the running expenses 90 per cent.
The statistics relating to the manufacture of
coke in by-product ovens show that the total num­
her of ovens completed and in blast increased from
1,663 in 1902 to 1,956 in 1903, and that the pro­
duction of by-product coke increased from 1,403,-
588 short tons to 1.S82.394 short tons, a gain of
478,806 tons, although the total coke production
fell off 139,370 tons. There were under construc­
tion at the close of 1903. 1,335 new by-product
ovens, which number constituted more than 20
per cent, of the total new ovens building at that
time.
C, C B
'POCAHONTAS^
^SMOKELESS.
XOAL
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
W
Our registered Trade Mark covering THK CELEBRATED

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
J. BLAIR KENNERLY,
MIINE.R AND SHIPPER
Celebrated "VALLEY SMOKELESS" Bituminous Coal
"C PRIME VEIN," Mined in Cambria County, Pa.
ANALYSIS
VALLEY SMOKELESS :
MOISTURE, . . .
VOLATILE MATTER
.41
16.53
CAPACITY. 500,000 TONS ANNUALLY.
"HAROLD" PITTSBURGH VEIN
"YOUGHIOGHENY" AND "WESTMORELAND" GAS COALS,
GEORGES CREEK BIG VEIN AND OTHER SUPERIOR
FIXED CARBON, . SMITHING AND 80.36 STEAM COALS,
ASH
2.70
100.00 FURNACE AND FOUNDRY COKE,
SULPHUR .60 SEPARATELY
DETERMINED.
MADE BY C. C. KAWIN,
CHICAGO, III.
'/O
J. L. SPANGLER,
PRESIDENT.
TIDEWATER SHIPMENTS FROM PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE,
PORT READING, SOUTH AMBOY AND ST. GEORGE.
Main Office, 1215=16 Penn Square Building, PHILADELPHIA. PA.
Jos. H. REILLY,
V. PREST. ck TREAS.
Jos. B. CAMPBELL,
SECRETARY. u.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
\.Q
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-IMO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
s- OFFICES: - »
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
UNITED e©flL COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
WESTMORELAND GAS «-° SECOND POOL YOUGHIOGHENY
COAL.
MINES ON THE MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH &. LAKE ERIE RAILROAD;
BALTIMORE &. OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD,
PHILADELPHIA OFFICE:
OFFICE:
SUITE 1117-1118 NORTH AMERICAN BLDG.
BANK FOR SAVINGS BUILDING,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
When Answering Advertisements Please Mention "The Coal Trade Bulletin.
9!

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 4!)
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
1 PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS. ,
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FDRK COALS.
, OFFICES. j
26 South 15th Street, No. 1 Broadway,
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP'
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
AND
LTOR^ESLTOE COAL,
(MILLER VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOOMA, r>A.
jsjiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiniiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimimmmiiiimi mmi'miiimmmiiiiwmmiiiwmmmiwmmmw^
GEORGE /. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. 3
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building,
m B.LL T.. 696 CoB >-^ PITTSBURGH, PA. |
Hf ^J> ^ ^ _^. c#. ^ ^ ^fc. _,-&. .-$-. ^-. ^ ^ jfc. .&. - -&- ^ v$> -&- -cfc- -.-$> ^

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
^4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA.4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
•OyvyyyVYYVYYYYVYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYyYYVYYYYYYYYYYYVYyYyYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
EST o GRADES
..
STEAM COAL
. , and . .
CONNELLSVILLE COKE, :

J'
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
Pei)i)s2lVai)ia (oal and (oke (on)p0i)^
WEBSTER COAL
GALLITZIN COKE
R. O B E] _R T JVE I T C LL Ei L L , GBNERAI. SALES .AVOKISTT
LAND TITLE: BUILDINO,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
NEW YORK : 17 BATTERY PLACE. BOSTON: NO. 141 MII.K ST.
CHICAGO: 215 DEARBORN STREET.
WASHED COAL X.
Long
Distan
"Clean
Enough
Phone. r
to
Eat"
mf^^ff
JIPL
J{ iKYYiy—^
M n- -"
V%H^B ll | |^^_-— ••'•' fl
^ ''
2D
IVriie Us
For
Prices and
Freight
Rates.
The Luhrig Coal Co.,
Fourth and Plum Sts. CINCINNATI, OHIO.
*Y r

52 TIIE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
m
JAMES KtRR, PRESIDENT. A. E. PATTON, TREASURER
XJeecr) v^reek V^oal o v^oke v^o.
No. 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PARDEE, PATTON, AND ARCADIA GOALS.
OWNERS OF
Port Liberty Docks in New York Harbor.
Orders For Coal Should Be Forwarded To The
BEECH CREEK COAL & COKE CO., J7 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY
J. P. VUFPHY, President. W. L DIXON. V.ce-President and General Manager. JAS. ). FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers BanK Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
C. M. UNDERHILL,
WESTERN AGENT EOR
THE SALE OF
TIIE
ANTHRACITE COAL
OF . . .
J. LAIYdDOlV & CO., INCORPORATED.
BITUMINOUS COAL A COKE.
FIDELITY HUILDING,
BUFFALO, - NEW YORK.
r„„—-___^_______-____
3 HARRY OLMSTED, President. T. D. HUNTINGTON, Treasurer. F. Q. HA1TON, Secretary. S
si _ _ . _ _ _ 5
Jj THE HAYDEN BUILDING, - - - - COLUMBUS, OHIO. £
^0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
Empire Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
LOCATED ON MINES AT
C. & P. R. R., B. & 0. R. R. and Ohio River. Bellaire, Ohio.
Communications should be sent to LOUIS F. NEWMAN, Manager, Pittsburgh, Pa.
rvs ZA
mmm COAL COIPIIY
%
INCORPORATED.)
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. &. L. E., ERIE, L. S. 4 M. S.
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NO.. CARNEGIE 70.
U2 f\J

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CLYDE COAL COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED CLYDE COAL
SHIPMENTS BY.RIVER STEAMERS
"CLYDE" AND "ELEANOR."
DAILY CAPACITY OF MINES, 3,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
CONESTOGA BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
J. H. SANFORD, GENERAL MANAGER.
BELL PHONE, 2517 COURT p. & A. PHONE. 2125 MAIN

tohm.
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN^
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., DECEMBER 15, 1904. No. 2.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1904
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2 00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TRADK COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
PROBABILITY OF A REDUCTION IN THE
COAL PRODUCTION THIS YEAR LENDS
INTEREST TO THE REPORT OF CHIEF
RODERICK, OF THE PENNSYLVANIA DE­
PARTMENT OF MINES, FOR 1903.
In view of the probability that a reduction in
the production of coal in the Middle West over
last year's figures, will be shown when the totals
are made up at the end of the current year, the
report for 1903 of James E. Roderick, chief of
the department of mines of Pennsylvania, which
has just been issued, is of particular interest.
As Mr. Roderick says, 1903 was the banner
year in the coal annals of Pennsylvania, both for
employer and employe. The output reached the
point at which it amounted to about one-third of
the entire production of the United States and
about one-sixth of the entire production of the
world. At the time the report was made up
operations were active in the 25 Western counties
of the state and the outlook was for a still greater
increase in production. The industrial depression
of the past summer, however, probably will
offset the gains made earlier in the year.
In the anthracite field, the output during 1903
was 75,232,585 tons, as against 36.911,554 tons in
1902, a gain of 38,321,031 tons. During the same
period 103,713,982 tons of bituminous coal were
mined, as against 98.970.430 tons the previous
year, a gain of nearly five million tons. The production
of coke did not materially differ in the
two years, being 14,941.091 tons in 1902 and 14,-
286,995 tons in 1903. a decrease of 654,096 tons.
It is not to be forgotten that the anthracite output
in 1902 was abnormally low, on account of
the great strike of the miners in that year. To
the same cause was due, in some degree, the large
output of 1903, as ine mines were rushed for
some time after the end of the strike, in order to
make up deficient fuel supplies.
The disposition of the bituminous coal mined
in 1903 was as follows:
Tons.
Coal shipped by rail or otherwise 81,127,701
Coal sold directly to local trade or employes
807,223
Coal used in making coke 19,427.436
Coal used in operating collieries 2,351,622
Total coal mined 103,713,982
The percentage used in operating collieries is
very much less than in the anthracite mines.
The total number of employes reported was
151,745; and the average period of work 216 days.
This gives an average of 683 tons mined per employe:
or 3.16 tons per day worked.
The coal actually used in making coke was 21,-
213,358 tons, including 1,785,922 tons of stored coal
carried over from 1902, besides that mined in
1903. The coke statistics were as follows:
Tons of coal used in making coke 21,213,358
Tons of coke made 14,286,995
Number of coke ovens in use 37,705
Average coke made per oven 379
The average yield of coke was 67.35 per cent.;
in other words, 1.485 tons of coal were required
to make a ton of coke. The apparent low average
of coke per oven indicates that a considerable proportion
must have been idle.
Mining machines, which find no place in the
anthracite collieries, are extensively used in the
bituminous district. Last year there were 390
mines in which machines were used; and the
number of coal cutters, of various types, at work
was 3,384. Of these, 1,045 were operated by elec-

2i5 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tricity, and 2,339 by compressed air. The total
cut or mined by machines was 38,551.076 tons, or
37.2 per cent, of the total output.
In haulage in the bituminous mines, there were
used 162 steam locomotives, 23 compressed air
locomotives, and 435 electric motors; a total of
620 mechanical motors. There were also 12,899
horses and mules reported at work.
The total number of boilers in use at the mines
was 2,460. rated at 259,211 h. p. The number of
steam engines was 1.954, rated at a total of 195.149
h. p. There were 391 dynamos at work at the
mines where electric power is used; while 446
air compressors were employed. In handling
water 1,075 power pumps were used. The total
rated capacity of these pumps was 685,208 gallons
per minute; the actual work performed was 270,-
194 gallons per minute raised, thus showing 39.4
per cent, of the rated capacity actually required to
free the mines from water.
The explosives used during the year were 1,136,-
305 pounds of dynamite and 445,829 kegs of powder.
This would give an average of 233 tons of
coal broken per keg of powder used.
During the year 402 lives were lost in and about
the mines and 1,046 employes were injured.
The variation in the quantity of coal mined per
employe is largely due to the fact that in slack
years the tendency is to diminish the number of
working days, rather than to cut down the torce
employed.
MARINE FUEL REPORT.
In order to ascertain the amount of coal which
is annually required for the fueling of vessels at
the different ports in the United States, the collectors
of customs have been making monthly reports
of the quantity loaded on steamers for fuel consumption
during the year 1903, distinguishing
wherever practicable between the quantity taken
by coast-wise vessels and that by vessels engaged
in the foreign trade regardless of nationality in
the latter class. The results are given in the
table following, as published in the Summary of
Commerce and Finance. The average price per
ton is the price reported by dealers in the customs
district or at the port where the coal has been delivered
to steamers for consumption and is to be
taken as representing the market value under
these conditions:
Net tons. Price per ton.
Atlantic ports 4,662,067 $3.75
Gulf ports 574,094 3.82
Pacific ports 578,753 4.73
Great Lakes 2,382,081 3.11
Total 8,196,995 $3.64
THE HISTORY, PRODUCTION AND GENERAL
STATISTICS OF THE KANAWHA AND
NEW RIVER COAL FIELDS OF WEST
VIRGINIA.
A large amount of useful and interesting information,
condensed into a small space, is contained
in the neat brochure compiled by Neil
Robinson of Charleston, W. Va.. on the Kanawha
and New River coal fields of West Virginia. Separate
maps of both districts are given and the area
treated embraces 840 square miles. Within this
area, it is asserted, a greater variety of coals is
found and a greater number of coal seams is
being mined than have ever been found elsewhere
in the world in a territory of similar size. These
coals are declared to be uniformly low in ash and
sulphur, and to cover every known requirement on
the part of the consumers, whether it may be for
domestic use, blacksmithing, coke ovens, by-product
plants, gas making or the generation of
steam.
Eleven seams have been opened on a commercial
scale, of which eight are in the Kanawha and
three in the New River series. They are considered
in the order in which they have their
bedding, geologically, commencing with the youngest
and highest seam in the formations. They are
known as the No. 5 Block, Belmont, Coalburgh,
Winifrede, Cedar Grove, No. 2, or Gas. Powellton,
No. 1, or Eagle, Sewell, Beckley and Fire Creek
seams. Regarding their qualities and the extent
and history of their operation Mr. Robinson says
in part:
The No. 5 Block coal is found on the crests of
the hills near the Big Kanawha river. It has
a thickness of over seven feet. It is bright in
appearance, stands handling and transportation,
mines out in large blocks, and is shipped almost
exclusively for high grade domestic trade. The
loading capacity of the field is 775 tons a day,
from five mines. ,
The Belmont coal outcrops from 100 to 120 feet
lower in the hills than the No. 5 Block. It has
been mined in the Kanawha valley for more than
25 years, and ranks as one of the standard domestic
coals. The coal is free-burning, leaves very
little ash, and stands transportation remarkably
well. Quite a large trade has been developed
throughout the Northwest and West, and regular
shipments are made each year to points beyond
Omaha. Only coal of the finest quality could
stand the freightage for so great a distance. The
thickness of the seam is from 4 to 6 feet and the
actual daily loading capacity of the four mines is
2,075 tons.
About the year 1853 the existence of the Coalburgh
seam became generally known, and mines
were opened at the village from which the seam
takes its name for the purpose of loading barges

on the Great Kanawha river. Operations were
continued until the outbreak of the Civil war,
when they ceased for about four years. In 1865
work was resumed, and the original Coalburgh
mines have been worked continuously ever since.
The coal met with great favor wherever introduced,
and new mines have been opened on Cabin
creek, Paint creek and elsewhere to meet the
growing demand. Shipments are made as far
East as Boston, South into the Carolinas, and
beyond the Missouri river in the West. It is a
firm, strong coal, that is much prized for open
grates. Twelve mines are operated with a daily
loading capacity of 4.575 tons. The seam is from
4 to 6% feet thick.
The Winifrede seam is another of the pioneer
seams in the Kanawha valley, the original Winifrede
mines on Fields creek having been opened
just 50 years ago. It is the lowest member of
the splint, or block coal, series. Originally, the
coals which we now call splints were always referred
to as semi-cannels, and the latter name
should have been retained, as it is entirely applicable
to them. One of the characteristics of the
coal is the extreme length of the flame, with intense
heating power. This makes the seam
doubly valuable, inasmuch as its firmness of texture
gives it a place as a domestic fuel in addition
to its applicability for the generation of steam.
Five mines in this seam have a daily loading capacity
of 4,350 tons.
The history of the coal industry in the Kanawha
district does not show anything more remarkable
than the great and rapid development of mines
in the No. 2 Gas seam. Commencing in a modest
way some years ago, this coal was sent forth to
enter into competition with the standard Youghiogheny
of Pittsburgh, in some of the nearest markets,
principally Cincinnati. From year to year
the demand increased and the markets were extended,
until at this writing 40 mines are in
operation on the line of the C. & O. R. R. and
their product is being distributed from tide water
in the East to the Great Lakes in the West. Car
supplies are furnished by the railway company on
the basis of an actual loading capacity of 17,775
tons per day for the coal alone, and without including
the product of the coke ovens.
There are two causes for this large production.
viz: the high grade quality of the output, and
economical mining conditions. The general horizon
of the seam at the points where it has its best development
is a short distance above stream level,
and the operators have the advantages of natural
drainage, short inclined planes and working faces,
from 5 feet to 6 feet 6 inches in height.
The coal is primarily a steam producer. For
this particular purpose it has been tested thoroughly,
and from 80 to 85 per cent, of the existing
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
tonnage is being used to fill contracts and orders
from railway companies, electric lighting and
power plants and large manufacturing concerns.
All through the West and Northwest and on the
Great Lakes the No. 2 Gas is being used as a
steam fuel. Sales offices are now maintained in
New York. Newport News, Richmond, Cincinrati.
Toledo, Detroit and Chicago, and distributing
docks have been bought in Milwaukee, principally
for the handling of this coal. Another value
which the No. 2 Gas possesses is its fitness for
gas making. Working tests have been made in
a number of cities, and one large gas company has
recently entered into a formal contract for 600,000
tons, to be supplied within five years. About
60,000 tons were carbonized in by-product ovens
during the year 1903 with very successful results.
A sample of coke taken from a car in transit, as
representing the market, and not the theoretical
grade, analyzed Fixed Carb. 87.98, Vol. and Mois.
3.44, Ash, 7.80, Sulphur 0.7S. The adaptability
of this coal for a variety of purposes makes it a
popular grade for dealers to handle, as it enters
into service for steam, coking, blacksmithing, gas
making, byproduct and domestic uses. There are
34 mines in the seam.
On the upper part of Armstrong's creek there is
a large local development of a seam underlying
the No. 2 Gas that has been given the name of
"Powellton." It is mined quite extensively by the
Mt. Carbon Co., Limited (Powellton P. O.), for
use in their coke ovens, and has given excellent
results. On December 1 two mines, known as
Elk Ridge Nos. 1 and 2, were put in operation
by the Cardiff Coal Co. of Charleston. The shipments
heretofore have been exclusively coke, averaging
400 tons a day. ,
The working tests of the No. 1 Eagle seam show
very little variation from the No. 2, and the remarks
previously made in regard to the latter are
applicable to the Eagle. From the fact that mining
conditions add slightly to the cost of its production,
the No. 1 seam only represents a daily
output of 1,950 tons, but the coal that is produced
stands well in market. There are six mines in the
seam.
In the foregoing, all of the seams mined in the
Kanawha valley on the line of the Chesapeake &
Ohio Railway and its branches have been referred
to, with the exception of the Cedar Grove and
Peerless, which are not commercial factors at the
present time. ,
It is a noteworthy fact that all of the coals of
the Kanawha series are marketed beyond the
boundaries of the state, and they are gaining their
strongest foothold in the cities where competition
from other and nearer fields is the most determined.
Their success is due to their quality—
their ability to stand working tests and compari-

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
sons with coals from other fields. The coals of
the New River district belong to the Pottsville,
or No. 12 series. Until 1873 the New River canon
was a wilderness, without a habitation for many
miles, except at certain crossings, and not even a
bridle trail existed along the margins of the
stream. Through this wild territory the Chesapeake
& Ohio Railway forced its way, and with its
advent there came the development of a great
mining industry.
The coals of the Pottsville series in Southern
West Virginia are unique. They have characteristics
that enable them to hold a place that is
separate and distinct from all other classes of
bituminous coals. In the process of combustion
they are almost entirely free from smoke and the
well known trade designation, New River Smokeless,
has been properly applied. This adds
greatly to their value for service in residence districts,
on passenger steamers, men-of-war, etc.
Where intermittent demands are made upon a
motive power the New River Smokeless is unexcelled.
It may remain banked for minutes or
hours, retaining its fire under a crust of coke,
and then be brought to active life by a single
motion of the slice bar.
Three seams are mined in the district, but they
are so nearly alike in structure, chemical analyses
and working results that it is almost impossible
to formulate a single distinction that is worthy of
note in a practical way. The highest coal in geological
order is the Sewell seam; the middle number
is the Beckley, and the lowest is the Fire
Creek.
The Sewell seam, by reason of its thickness, has
naturally received the most attention from operators
and in September, 1904, forty-five mines were
shipping from it, with a loading capacity of 24,-
215 tons per day, or 66 32-100 per cent, of the
total tonnage of the field.
There are eight mines in the Beckley seam
with an output of 2,595 tons a day. The 24 mines
in the Fire creek district have a daily loading
capacity of 8,525 tons.
For a little more than 30 years the Fire creek
coal has held a place as one of the fuel standards
of the world. It has been shipped to Maine and
to Canada; blacksmiths have made their welds
with it in Arizona; it has gone to the interior of
Mexico, and to the Dakotas and Montana in the
Northwest. Only a coal of tried excellence could
bear the cost of transportation to such distant
markets.
All the mines in the New River and Kanawha
districts referred to are located on the line of the
Chesapeake & Ohio railway. Quite a large number
in the Kanawha district, in addition to their railroad
connections, have loading tipples on the Great
Kanawha river.
PARTIAL SETTLEMENT OF THE
KANAWHA DISTRICT STRIKE.
The board of conciliation, composed of three
operators from the Kanawha Coal Association and
a like number of representatives from the miners'
organization, has arrived at a satisfactory agreement
in the Kanawha district. Both sides made
compromises. The operators agreed to be responsible
for the payment of a uniform amount
of dues for paying the checkweighman and the
miners conceded the right of the operators to employ
non-union miners without discrimination.
This means that unless unforeseen circumstances
arise there will be no further clashing about the
Charleston agreement for 16 months. The compromise
was favorably considered first by the
operators and then ratified by the board of conciliation.
The operators are pleased at the understanding
which allows them to employ men
without regard to their affiliation with a union
and the miners seem pleased at the assurance that
the operators will withhold from all employes the
dues to pay the checkweighman.
The Cabin creek mines of this district, however,
are still within the strike zone. The operators
in that section withdraw from the Kanawha Coal
Association and declare they will run their operations
without the union. It remains to be seen
what effect the action of their associates will have
on their willingness to recede from their original
position. The miners on Cabin creek petitioned
Governor White to appoint peace officers and investigate
the alleged violations of laws by the
special mine guards on the railroad and highway
approaches to the premises of the coal companies.
In an exhaustive reply he states there is no law
authorizing him to act in the matter and that the
sheriff of Kanawha county has deputies on the
scene to see the laws are obeyed. No violence or
physical trouble has occurred during the Cabin
creek strike.
A Change In Pay Systems Needed.
The robbery of a clerk of the Leahy Coal Co.
of a satchel containing $2,000 in cash just as he
was about to leave the company's office in Altoona,
Pa., on his way to pay the miners at Lilly, is
another illustration of the expensive carelessness
embodied in such pay systems. Surely the rapidly
increasing number of murders and robberies
of paymasters traveling with large sums of money
should be incentive enough to bring about a safe
system of paying employes located in sparsely
'settled districts. The problem will not be a
difficult one when those whose place it is to do
so awake to its importance. The Jews solved it
more than ten centuries ago.

ESTIMATES ON THE SUPPLY
OF UNMINED ANTHRACITE
AND ITS PROBABLE DURATION.
The supply of anthracite coal and the amount
of unmined coal in the possession of the different
anthracite companies has always been an open
question.
Twenty-five years ago P. W. Shaeffer, the well
known mining engineer, estimated the contents of
the Pennsylvania anthracite field, including waste,
at 26,360,576,000 tons, says the Wall Street Journal.
Mr. Shaeffer's figures are above others and
his estimates of the amount of coal available for
the market is also high, being no less than 8,-
288,850,667 tons, a difference of more than 16,000,-
000,000 tons as compared with the total amount of
coal in the ground. Joseph S. Harris in 1880 estimated
the total amount of anthracite coal at 13,-
260,392,591 tons, of which 3,580,036,000 tons could
be marketed, the balance being waste. Some
years later Mr. Harris increased his estimate to
14,453,397,000 tons, from which 5,960,000,000 tons
could be saved. Mr. Shaeffer estimated the waste
at about two-thirds and Mr. Harris was at that
time of the opinion that nearly 50 per cent, of the
coal in the ground could be saved for marketable
purposes, and in the future a greater percentage.
This would indicate a supply for 100 years if the
annual production was 60,000,000 tons with maximum
output about the year 1915.
In 1895 William Griffith estimated the unmined
coal of the different companies to have been as
follows:
Tons unmined. Per cent. Years.
Reading 2,143,706,500 42.25 216
C. R. R. N. J 877,569,700 17.30 163
Lehigh Valley . . . 855,511,750 16.87 116
Lackawanna 332,332,000 6.55 54
Pennsylvania . . . 316,502,750 6.24 63
Del. & Hud 115,823,200 2.20 26
Erie & Wyo 94,876,600 1.82 54
D., S. & S 69,901,200 1.38 35
Erie 38,879,400 .77 21
N. Y., S. & W 26,890,500 .54 IS
Ontario 13,971.100 .28 9
The duration of the supply is based on the production
of coal in 1895, when it was 46,511.000
tons. According to these figures the Reading, including
Jersey Central, controls 49.35 per cent, of
Ithe unmined anthracite coal. Of the tonnage
credited to the Jersey Central nearly 60 per cent.
is owned by the Lehigh Coal & Navigation. This
tonnage is controlled through lease by the Jersey
Central, which latter company is owned by the
Reading company. The total amount of the Lehigh
Coal & Navigation Co.'s unmined coal is estimated
at about 500,000,000 tons and that company,
next to the Reading and Lehigh Valley, is the
largest owner of anthracite eoal territory.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
W. W. Ruley, the well known statistician of the
anthracite companies, has estimated the acreage
and unmined coal of the various anthracite companies
as follows:
Acres. Unmined.
Phila. & Reading 102,000 2,450,000,000
Del. & Hudson 21,300 260,000,000
D-. L. & W 15,200 400,000,000
Penna. Coal Co 12.600 180,000,000
Hillside Coal & 1 7,200 70,000,000
Lehigh Valley 22,720 400,000,000
Lehigh & w.-B 13,600 335,000,000
Lehigh & Luzerne 800 5,000,000
Lehigh Coal & N 9,400 370,000,000
Alliance Coal M. Co 4,000 130,000,000
Penna. Railroad 4,280 74,000,000
Totals 213,000 4,684,000,000
Mr. Jones' estimate is made by regions and is
as follows in tons:
Unmined. Marketable.
Schuylkill 9,500,000,000 5,700,000,000
Mahanoy & Sham 5,000,000,000 3,000,000,000
Lehigh 500,000,000 300,000,000
Wyoming 6,500,000,000 3,900,000,000
Total 21,500,000,000 12,900,000,000
Mr. Jones estimates the wastage at 60 per cent.
and he intimates in a note that his general estimate
of unmined coal is a low one.
The percentage of coal territory owned in 1896
and the percentage of coal tonnage alloted to the
various companies and the percentage of actual
shipments this year, were as follows:
Area. Allotments. Shipments.
Phila. & Reading 42.25 20.50 19.88
Lehigh Valley 16.S7 15.65 16.39
N. J. Central 17.30 11.70 12.78
Lackawanna 6.55 13.35 16.13
Penna. R. R 6.24 11.40 8.36
Del. & Hud 2.29 9.60 9.49
Erie 3.13 11.20 10.24
D., S. & S 1.38 3.50 2.71
N. Y., O. & W 28 3.10 4.62
Any estimate of the value of coal territory based
on a cash valuation of the coal in the ground is
apt to be fallacious. The coal must be mined and
marketed covering a period of many years during
which values would be subject to all the commercial
contingencies of any industrial or producing
corporation. An estimate predicted on the cash
value of coal in the ground when Mr. Gowen
bought the Reading coal lands more than 30 years
ago might have made the Reading company's stock
worth more than a thousand dollars per share, but
the purchase broke the Reading company and
wiped out the whole value of the stock. The damage
was only repaired after many years of careful,
conservative management.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE DRAINAGE CANAL EXTENSIONS.
One of the interesting engineering works now
under construction and which is attracting much
attention in engineering circles is the extension
of the Chicago drainage canal. The plans for
the work provide for an extension of the channel
now in use between concrete walls and earth and
rock embankment, Southward, for a distance of
about 10,700 feet to the site selected for the power
plant. From this point on a tailrace is to be
excavated for a distance of about 6,800 feet to
a junction with original section 17. This tailrace
is to be 160 feet wide and to be deep enough
to afford a minimum depth of water of 22 feet.
Section 17 is a wide channel, and the minimum
depth of water therein until it enters the upper
basin, at Joliet, will be ten feet. The mean head
for power development resulting from this improvement
will be 32 feet and the net horse power,
figured on an efficiency of 75 per cent., and a flow
of 600,000 cubic feet per minute, will be 27,000
horse power. The power is to be housed in a
structure of concrete and brick construction, and
will have ten turbine chambers—three for exciter
units and seven for power units. The power
units are designed to pass 100,000 cubic feet at
8-10 discharge. They consist of turbines or hori­
Plan of Removing Excavated Matter.
zontal axes capable of generating 6,500 horse
power at full gait under 34 feet of head at 150
revolutions per minute. Each power unit is to
drive one 3750-kilowatt three-phase, 2200-volt generator.
The ultimate discharge of the channel
will, under present plans, reach 800,000 cubic feet
per minute.
This outline of the work shows that its primary
purpose is sanitation, and that in attaining that
vital object it provides an artificial waterway of
great utility and develops water power of immense
value. The following machinery is being used:
Ten miles of air pipe; 2 Rand, Imperial type;
10 compressors, each having a capacity of about
2,000 cubic feet; 32 No. 3% Little Giant Rand
drills; working in front of each shovel are 7
rock drills; average depth of holes drilled, 14
feet; average number of lineal feet drilled by each
drill per shift of 10 hours, 125. The drills, channellers
and pumps are operated by compressed
air. Other equipment in use includes four 70-ton
shovels having three yard dippers, 2 stone crushers,
capacity 8,000 yards per day; 2 portable concrete
mixers; fourteen 14-ton locomotives; 150
dump cars; 15 miles track; 4 track channellers;
2 hoisting engines; 15 suction pumps; two 40-

horse power boilers; one SO-horse power boiler;
one 110-horse power boiler; 2 centrifugal pumps;
electric light plant and machine and blacksmith
shop. There are 11 buildings in the camp and
about 500 men are employed. The most important
machinery—compressors, drills, etc.—is the product
of the Rand Drill Co., 128 Broadway, New
York. The accompanying illustrations show the
canal work in progress.
BY-PRODUCT PRODUCTION.
Since 1893, when the first plant of by-product
coke ovens in the United States was completed
at Syracuse, N. Y., the quantity of coke produced
in such ovens has increased so rapidly that in
1903, 7.4 per cent, of the total coke product of
the United States was thus manufactured. The
successful development of this industry has been
largely due to the profitable disposition made of
the by-products obtained in the manufacturing
process.
The total quantity of coal carbonized in 1903
was 5,843,538 short tons. The 528 companies
produced 33,483,430,989 cubic feet of gas, of which
31,049,461,511 cubic feet were sold. Of this total
73.9 per cent, was sold for illuminating purposes
and 26.1 per cent, for fuel. The average price
per 1,000 cubic feet for all gas sold in 1903 was
97 cents.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
Beginning The Primary AVork On Chicago Canal.
The total production of coke amounted to 3.941,-
282 short tons.
The total quantity of coal tar produced in 1903
was 62,964,393 gallons, valued at $2,199,969, or
3.49 cents a gallon. The largest production of
tar in both 1902 and 1903 was in Massachusetts,
with New York second, Onio third, Pennsylvania
fourth, and Alabama fifth.
Only about 20 per cent, of the companies that
manufacture coke and gas reported the recovery
of ammonia either in the form of ammoniacal
liquor or sulphate. The total quantity of ammonia
liquor produced and sold was 64,396,662
gallons, which would be equivalent to 17,479,759
pounds of anhydrous ammonia, or 67,821,465 pounds
of sulphate.
Comparatively little progress has been made
in this country in the manufacture of chemical
products from coal tar. Although we produce
over 50,000,000 gallons of coal tar annually, we
import at the same time millions of dollars' worth
of chemicals obtained from coal tar. A conservative
estimate would place the total value of
these products in the wholesale markets of this
country at $12,000,000.
There is one fairly successful coal mine in Ireland,
viz: at Arigna, county Roscommon. The
average output is about 200 tons per week.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
FAIRMONT COMPANY ACQUIRES
ANOTHER BIG COAL PROPERTY.
The Fairmont Coal Co. has acquired control of
the Pittsburgh & Fairmont Fuel Co. through securing
a majority of its stock, and the mines it
owns will be operated in conjunction with those
of the Consolidation, Fairmont and Somerset Coal
Cos. and the Clarksburg Fuel Co., all of which are
dominated by the same interests and have their
headquarters in Baltimore. The Pittsburgh &
Fairmont was controlled by Archie Brown, of the
firm of Rogers, Brown & Co., of New York. Mr.
Brown died recently. The deal had previously
been made with him and completed. The company
has a capital stock of $2,250,000, all issued,
and $1,500,000 of first mortgage 5 per cent, bonds.
Of the bonds $1,300,000 are outstanding and $200,-
000 are held in the treasury for future use.
The company operates five mines and owns 17,-
966 acres of coal land, located on the Monongahela
river, along what is known as the West Virginia
Short Line, of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, that
runs from Clarksburg, W. Va., to New Martinsville,
on the Ohio river. The mines are producing
at the rate of about 500,000 tons of a fine grade of
coal a year and their output can be doubled.
KELLY COAL INTERESTS SOLD.
Announcement is made that Michael Kelly has
sold his coal interests near Danville, 111., to an
Eastern syndicate represented by Congressmanelect
W. B. McKinley for $3,200,000. The new
owners take possession February 1. The deal
covers 13,000 acres of land and coal rights and
several mines, one of which has the largest output
of any in the state. It also includes company
stores and miners' cottages.
COAL IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
The war department may give up its attempt
at coal mining in the Philippines. The government
has already expended $40,000 in the effort
to ascertain whether the coal mined at Batan
Island serves a practical purpose. The recomdetermine
whether there is sufficient coal of the
of $5,000, in order to continue the test which will
determine whether there is sucient coal of the
required quality to justify carrying on the work.
The army engineers are doing the mining, and
employ native labor. A large amount of American
machinery has be«n taken to Batan, and
American foremen are in charge of it. The coal
obtained is of varying quality, and it remains
to be seen whether there is enough to justify
further work in that direction.
Attorney O'Brien of the Manila law firm of
Bishop & O'Brien, is in the United States for the
purpose of raising $100,000, to be used in the development
of coal beds 25 miles from Cebu, which
have been worked to a small extent in time past by
the Spaniards. O'Brien is a West Virginia man
and is now believed to be in that state where his
representations will have weight with old friends
and acquaintances.
To exploit the Cebu mines properly, it will be
necessary to build a tramway about six and onehalf
miles long, to the coast, where easy shipment
can be made. The coal beds in question were
found some 15 years ago by a Spaniard. There
are two large veins within 150 feet of each other,
one said to be 13, the other 14 feet wide. The
government assay made of the coal showed it to
be as good as Batan coal.
Down in Knoxville, Tenn., a violent protest is
being made because the coal producers of that
section persist in accepting the $6 per ton their
coal commands in Chicago in preference to the
$3 or $3.50 the local people are willing to pay.
The howls, complaints and execrations that are
being expended on the "Callous Coal Barons," who
"have no consideration for ineir neighbors" and
"no sense of local pride," come pretty nearly being
the limit.
—o—
Birmingham, Ala., is congratulating itself on
being able to get domestic coal cheaper than any
other place in the country. Its good fortune is
due to its coal dealers taking advantage of advice
to buy before present trade conditions set in.
There are thousands of consumers in a position to
regret that those who supply them were not equally
far-sighted.
— o —
By buying drinks for every man he met during
a period of three weeks, Charles Messenger,
a miner, learned wno dynamited the residence of
the superintendent of the Austen (W. Va.) Coal
& Coke Co., and obtained a confession of the
crime. And some persons still insist that "booze"
and business make a bad combination!
— o —
The surprise of the year was that given to its
employes by the Dominion Coal Co. at Sydney,
B. C. Just when the men become resigned to
accept the usual winter reduction in pay they received
a proposition to enter into a three-year
contract with the same wage rate and working
conditions then in effect.
Work has been resumed at Mine No. 15 of the
Black Diamond Coal Co. at Bevier, Mo.. 39 men
out of 66 being reinstated.

A DECISION OF IMPORTANCE
TO LABOR ORGANIZATIONS.
A court decision of interest to labor unions is
that given by Judge Taylor of Washington county,
Pa., in a suit charging Charles Stottsbery, treasurer
of Local Union No. 2049, United Mine Workers,
with embezzlement. It was alleged by the
prosecution that in May last Stottsbery went West
taking with him $269 of the money of the local
union and that he never accounted for the money.
The attorney representing Stottsbery, quoted from
acts of the assembly that the commonwealth must
show that there is a Local Union No. 2049 and
that under the act of assembly under which the
suit brought such union must be either chartered
by the county court or by the governor of Pennsylvania.
The attorney for the prosecution was
unable to produce the evidence of the lawful incorporation
of the local union and the court instructed
the jury to return a verdict of not guilty,
which was done, and the costs divided.
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT LET
FOR NEW ANTHRACITE ROAD.
A contract has been awarded to a New York
company for the construction of the New York,
Pennsylvania and Southwestern railroad, a line of
railroad between Binghamton, N. Y., and Williamsport,
Pa., 116 miles. The New York, Pennsylvania
and Southwestern railroad will connect with
the Delaware. Lackawanna and Western, Reading,
Lehigh and Pennsylvania railroads. It opens up
a new anthracite coal territory, and, it is said,
shortens the distance between Boston and New
England points and Pittsburgh and the West by
100 miles or more. The cost of the road and
equipment will be $4,500,000.
COASTWISE COAL SHIPMENTS.
The 13 coal companies reporting on coastwise
coal shipments specify 145 different destinations,
mostly on the New England coast, to which coal
was shipped from New York harbor points between
October 1 and October 31, 1904, 15 leading destinations
for shipments made from Philadelphia and
vicinity, 15 from Baltimore, 23 from Norfolk and
20 from Newport News.
Coastwise shipments of coal during the month
of October from New York harbor, Philadelphia,
Baltimore, Norfolk and Newport News furnished
a combined tonnage of 3,059,707 tons, of which
1,315,364 tons were anthracite and 1,744,343 tons
bituminous. For the ten months ending with
October, 1904, the total shipments were 27,793,026
tons, of which 12,329,9/3 tons were anthracite and
15,463,053 tons bituminous. During the month
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
of October vessels were supplied with fuel, from
the five ports, to the amount of 307,267 tons, and
during the ten months ending October, 2,817,185
tons.
Of the total coastwise coal shipments for the
first ten months of the current year, as indicated
in the following table, New York handled about
62 per cent.. Philadelphia 17 per cent., Baltimore
7 per cent., Newport News 8 per cent., and Norfolk
6 per cent.
During the month of October 44 collectors of
customs report that 484,298 tons of coal were
loaded on vessels for fueling purposes. The valuation
was reported to have been $1,572,276, an
average value per ton of $3.25.
COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FROM ATLANTIC PORTS:
-October-
Ports Anthracito Bituminous Total 1904 Total 1903
Tons To"S Tons Tons
New York, 1,107,519 831,030 1,938,549 1,364,518
Phila.. 183,140 327,192 519,332 536,953
Baltimore, 24,705 205,046 229,751 158,761
New. News 210,941 210,941 155,050
Norfolk, 170,134 170,134 102,740
Total. . .1,315,364 1,744,343 3,059,707 2,318,022
-Ten Months-
Ports Anthracite Bituminous
Tons Tons
Total 1904
Tons
Total 1903
Tons
N. York, 10,515,993 6,752,152 17,268,145 15,147,099
Phila., 1,614,445 2,949,046 4,563,491 5,327,849
Baltimore. 199,535 1,732,076 1,931,611 1,471,260
New. News 2,262,334 2,262,334 1,414,614
Norfolk 1,767,445 1,767,445 1,439,481
Total. .12,329,973 15,463,053 27,793,026 24,800,303
Government Buys Mining Exhibit.
The United States government has purchased
the mining exhibit of the Fairmont Coal Co. at the
St. Louis Exposition. The exhibit, which was
one of the special attractions in the Mining and
Metallurgy building showed a complete coal mine,
tipple, elevator, washing apparatus, coke ovens
and all the necessary equipment to the successful
operation of such a plant.
Utah Fuel Co. To Open New Mines.
The Utah Fuel Co. is making preparations to
open mines on Willow creek, a short distance from
Castle Gate, Utah, and the Rio Grande Western
Railway, is surveying a branch to the scene of the
proposed operations. The Utah Fuel Co. will
commence work at an early date on 100 additional
coke ovens at Castle Gate, which will convert the
Willow creek coal into fuel suitable for use in
smelters and iron furnaces.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
\ AIR COMPRESSOR PLANT OF THE HOMESTAKE MINING COMPANY.
Probably twenty localities, scattered over all
parts of the world, claim for some one of their
producing mines the distinction of being "the
greatest gold mine in the world." Perhaps no
where are facts so hard to obtain as in mining
operations. Yet the passing years have a way of
sifting facts from fancies, and the highest authorities
to-day unite in assigning to the great Homestake
mine, at Lead. South Dakota, the first place
among the gold mines of the world. Its monthly
yield of the yellow metal averages in the neighborhood
of $425,000, the value of over 2.000 ounces
of fine gold. This is secured by the treatment of
about 125.000 tons of ore per month.
A singular, and at first thought inexplicable,
fact is that the Homestake, while unquestionably
the world's richest gold producer, is relatively one
of the poorest mines. The average ore values are
only about $3.60 per ton, while mining and treatment
charges, run about $2.40 per ton. The explanation
of the mine's value lies in the enormous
tonnage and in the cheap operative and productive
charges. The secret of low charges lies in
the adoption of the latest methods, the best machinery
and a careful consideration of the small
economies. The handling of immense quantities
of ore by the most refined machine methods has
made this "low grade" property the greatest bonanza
in the world. The success of this great
enterprise is a remarkable example of what modern
productive methods can bring about, and a description
of a part of the equipment will be of
interest. Compressed air has long been recognized
as a powerful factor in economical mine
operation and in the Homestake mine its possi­
One'of the Air Compressor Plants of the Homestake Mine.
bilities have been developed to the utmost.
As is eminently fitting, this greatest mine in
the world has in its power plant the largest air
compressor in the world, and this giant must receive
the first mention in the list of machines
on the Homestake lode. It is located at the Ellison
shaft and is a cross compound condensing
two-stage Corliss machine, built by the Ingersoll-
Sergeant Drill Co. of New York. The high and
low pressure steam cylinders have a diameter of
32 and 60 inches, respectively, the air cylinders
are 52% and 32% inches in diameter, and the
stroke is 72 inches. At the rated speed of 50
R. P. M. the free air capacity is 9,000 cubic feet
per minute, this volume being sufficient, under
average conditions of mine work, to operate 125
rock drills. The steam pressure is about 130
pounds. The exhaust steam is received by a
Wheeler surface condenser, in connection with a
cooling tower. The well known Ingersoll-Sergeant
piston inlet valve is used on both high and
low pressure air cylinders, between which a horizontal
inter-cooler is placed in the air circuit.
The total weight of this huge compressor with its
accessories, is about 300 tons. It is placed beside
the great Ellison hoist, the mountain being
blasted out to make space for the engine room.
The output of this great machine is used exclusively
for [operating machine drills in the
underground workings. It is assisted by two
smaller machines, built by the same maker and
both of the Corliss type, with piston inlet valve.
One of these machines, located at what is known
as the Old Abe shaft, is a duplex machine, with
steam cylinders 24 inches in diameter, air cylin-
ti

ders 26% inches and a stroke of 60 inches. Its
capacity in free air is about 4,400 cubic feet per
minute. The other compressor is at the Highland
shaft and is of the same type as that just described.
Its stroke is 42 inches, the air cylinders
are 22% inches and the steam cylinders 20 inches
in diameter. At the rated speed its free air
capacity is about 2,600 cubic feet per minute.
These two compressors, together with the giant
at the Ellison shaft, are operating over two
hundred Ingersoll-Sergeant rock drills in the mine
workings.
In the hoist room at the Ellison shaft, not far
from the largest compressor, is installed a small
Ingersoll-Sergeant Class "GC" compressor, with
duplex steam sylinders and a two-stage air end.
This is one of the smallest machines equipped
with the piston inlet valve and the contrast between
it and the large machine adjacent is striking.
The smaller machine has a stroke of 12
inches, its steam cylinders are 10 inches in diameter.
Its high pressure air cylinder is 10% inches
diameter and its low pressure 16% inches. At
the rated speed of 160 R. P. M. the piston displacement
is 444 cubic feet of free air per minute.
The air from this compressor is used in the cylinders
controlling the starting, stopping, reversing
and braking of the Ellison hoist. In this engine
room is located a straight-line high pressure compressor
of the same make furnishing air at 900
pounds pressure to charge the storage tanks of a
locomotive used in hauling ore cars between shafts
and mills in the surface workings.
For various purposes in the mills and surface
workings, two other air compressors of Ingersoll-
Sergeant make are installed. These are both
of the Corliss type, with piston inlet valves. The
sizes of these machines are 12 and 16% inches,
with 36 inch stroke, duplex type, and 12 and 18%.
inches by 36 inches, half duplex. Their combined
capacity in free air is about 2,100 cubic feet
of free air per minute.
The air compressor installation of the Homestake
mine, just described, is but one branch of
the elaborate system of labor-saving and costreducing
machinery which has made this the
greatest gold mine in the world. The policy of
the management has from the first been one of
broad-minded recognition of the value of small
economies. The best engineering skill has been
employed in the application of the highest class
of machinery to the various processes of mining
and milling. Not the cheapest machinery, but
the best and most economical, has always been
selected, the increased investment being always
justified by labor savings.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION
AMONG BRITISH MINERS.
The council of the Institution of Mining and
Metallurgy has issued a memorandum to the members
of the institution calling attention to the
serious nature of the statistics of miner's phthisis,
urging the immediate adoption of effective
methods of prevention, and requesting the collection
of further information as to the prevalence of
the disease and the conditions which give rise to
it. The opinion is that the main cause of the
disease is the breathing of air containing dust.
The air in mines must, therefore, be kept free
from dust, if possible, and certainly work must
not be performed immediately after blasting, etc..
while dust is temporarily in the air. It is recommended
that in drilling, water should be used in
such a way that no dust shall escape into the air,
whether the hole be bored upward or downward;
that dust after blasting should be drowned by
water, removed by ventilation, or allowed to subside
before the men return, and that "broken
rock" should, if possible, be damped before removal.
The council is asking the co-operation of technical
societies in the collection of information on
the following points: Frequency or infrequency
of the disease in connection with different kinds
of mining work and different varieties of rock;
nature and amount of the dust present in the air
in different varieties of mining work; nature,
amount and effects on miners of the gaseous impurities
met with in the air of metalliferous
mines—in particular, poisonous impurities arising
from blasting, etc.; means in actual use for preventing
the formation and inhalation of dust or
poisonous gases; evidence as to efficacy and practicability,
or otherwise, of these means.
West Virginians make the claim that their state
has more different kinds of bituminous coal than
any other state in the union, or on this or any
other continent.
One-Way Settlers' Fares to South and Southeast.
One-way excursion tickets to points in Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and
Virginia, account Settlers' Excursions, will be sold
from all ticket stations on the Pennsylvania Lines,
during December. January, February, March and
April. For full particulars consult J. K. Dillon,
District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building, Pittsburgh,
Pa.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
rHMHIMI>llimTHIIIIMIMIH»ITHttMflMMTTTIfTTTIIIIIIMHmTTmifTTt*T
Generally satisfactory conditions with steadily
increasing firmness of prices are noted in all
branches of the coal trade. There is still widespread
complaint of lack of transportation facilities
but several of the large roads are making
extraordinary efforts to meet the demands upon
them and with a greater degree of success than
seemed likely a fortnight ago. The close of the
lake season is also expected to help out to a considerable
extent. Low water is preventing river
shipments South, however, and is adding to the
burden on the railroads. The output of many of
the river mines has been greatly curtailed or
stopped altogether, but the effect has not been
general. In the Southwest the weather conditions
have been so mild that the market continues
to be almost sluggish. At St. Louis it is
well known that the supply of coal has been excessive
and wholesale prices have been sacrificed
frequently in order to move the stock on track.
Signs of marked improvement are not wanting in
Chicago. It is the opinion of well informed
coal men that the stocks of bituminous coal on
track at Chicago are being steadily depleted. The
market is therefore in better shape, for it is only
a question of a little time when these stocks will
entirely disappear and a scarcity occur, demand
continuing the same. Some grades of domestic
coal have been in slight request, but with prices
on a very low basis for this season of the year.
The Northwest demand continues fair, owing to
the colder weather which prevails in that territory,
but dealers have not commenced placing reorders
and the volume of business is far from
satisfactory, considering the dull summer that
was experienced. There has also been severer
weather in Missouri river territory, which has resulted
in an increased demand and better wholesale
prices. In the Middle West there is now a
decided tendency on the part of steam users to
contract for the coal they will need within the
next year, but since the demand has been good
producers do not care to make deals unless they
can get a price that will yield an average profit.
Lake shipments from the Pittsburgh district
closed practically two weeks ago. Official figures
on the tonnage for the season are not available,
but it is not believed the shipments will total more
than 4,000,000 tons, or about the same as last
year. There will be more competition for the
lake trade next season, and the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. has been contracting for coal from independent
producers. The local demand is unusually good,
owing to the operation of the mills and other industrial
establishments. Pittsburgh prices con­
tinue abou,t the same, run-of-mine coal being
quoted at $1.00@$1.15 per ton at the mines, although
there have been transactions during the
past fortnight as low as 95 cents.
The increased demand for coke has stimulated
production and prices to the highest figures of the
year, the former despite the continuance of a
serious water shortage and more or less unsatisfactory
transportation facilities. There has also
been a scarcity of suitable labor but the embarrassments
arising from it were speedily overcome.
Unless there is a further and unlooked for aggravation
of existing drawbacks a steady increase in
production for some time to come is likely. Furnace
coke is held at $2.25@$2.35 and foundry at
$2.50@$2.75. The production in the Connellsville
field at the last weekly report was over
220,000,000 tons, a gain of nearly 25.000 tons. The
shipments aggregated 10,548 cars, of which Pittsburgh
and river points took 3,603 cars, the West
ern market 5,847 cars and the Eastern market
2,169 cars.
There has been but little variation in the conditions
that affected the Atlantic seaboard soft coal
trade some weeks ago. In fact demand seems to
keep up with the supply, and in certain instances
producers even find it difficult to fill the orders.
Frosty weather has had its effect on the shoalwater
ports, and practically the last of the coal
for that territory is now being shipped. Soon ice
will handicap the shipments to ports this side of
the Cape, and then all-rail consuming territory
will receive better attention. The embargo on
shipments via the New Haven road is causing
considerable uneasiness, but it was absolutely
necessary with the accumulation of loaded cars at
Jersey City and West.of there, destined for points
on the New Haven. This is a very unpleasant
condition of affairs for fair weather. With one or
two heav.y storms it would be distressing in the
extreme _"for the New England retailer, and the
consumer. In the far East the situation is good,
inquiries ior coal indicating continued improvement.
Along the Sound also business is looking
up better. At New York harbor the expansion in
trade has encouraged producers to strengthen their
prices, and for the Clearfield grades of coal $2.50@
$2.60 is quoted. Indications point to an early
change in the tactics of producers supplying allrail
trade, who, during the urgent demand from
ice-making ports, have neglected this territory.
There should be increased activity in all-rail business
from now on. Transportation from mines to

tide is the pivot of discontent to shippers, because
on some roads facilities are inadequate. No improvement
is shown in the car supply, and on the
Virginia roads delays are aggravating. In the
coastwise market vessel rates continue low. From
Philadelphia large craft quote 70c. to Boston. Salem
and Portland; 60c. to the Sound; 75c. to Lynn
and Bath; 80c. to Newburyport; 75c. to Portsmouth.
Business in anthracite coal has improved daily.
the effects of the cold snap and snow storm
which prevailed over a large part of the Eastern
territory during the week having manifested themselves
in retail buying to an extent which is beginning
to be felt in the wholesale market. Production
continues steady, and there is every prospect
of a good tonnage in December bringing up
the year's total to a high figure. Prices are unchanged,
the schedule on domestic sizes being
fully maintained. The demand for steam sizes
is somewhat better, and the quotations show little
or no change. The schedule price, f. o. b. New
York harbor delivery points, is $4.75 for broken,
and $5 for egg, stove and chestnut. For steam
sizes quotations are $2.75@$3 for pea coal; $2.50
for free-burning, and $2.25 for hard buckwheat;
$1.45@$1.50 for rice, and Jl.30@fl.35 for barley,
or No. 3 buckwheat. In Chicago and Western
territory generally business has also improved.
owing to colder weather. Demand from Western
points is reported fair. Stocks on dock at Northwestern
points are generally pretty good, but there
will doubtless be some demand for rail shipments,
especially to Chicago. While the snow in the
East was not sufficient to affect the railroads materially,
transportation is not very good, considerable
delays being reported. With the end
of the lake season, rail shipments to Buffalo have
fallen off heavily, and there is a better supply ot
cars for shipment to other Western points.
Hull, Blyth & Co.. of London and Cardiff, report
slightly lower prices on certain grades of Welsh
coal. The quotations follow: Best Welsh steam
coal, $3.48; seconds, $3.36; thirds. $3.12; dry coals.
$3.18; best Monmouthshire, $3.06; seconds, $3;
best small steam coal, $1.98; seconds, $1.80; other
sorts, $1.68.
Conciliation Board In Session.
The anthracite conciliation board has been in
session at Scranton considering alleged grievances
of the miners of the Erie and other companies
that foremen threaten men who are disposed to
vote for a check weighman and check docking
boss with discharge, if they so vote, and in this
manner have prevented the majority of the miners
demanding these bosses.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
The official staff of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co.
has been slightly changed. Mr. H. P. Jones has
resigned as general manager of the Pittsburgh-
Buffalo Co. and has accepted the position of president
of the Big Hill Coal Co., of Richmond, Ky.
Mr. Thomas R. Jones, formerly vice-president of
the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co., has also severed his
connection with that company and accepted the
presidency of the Pittsburgh & Buffalo Co., of
Buffalo, N. Y. He will hereafter make his headquarters
at Buffalo. The present officers of the
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. are Mr. John H. Jones, president;
Mr. David G. Jones, vice-president and general
manager; and Mr. William I. Jones, secretary
and treasurer.
Mr. Lee L. Malone, who has been elected general
manager of the Consolidated Coal Co., is now
practically general manager of the entire properties
of the Watsons and allied interests, which
include the Fairmont, Somerset and Consolidated
Coal Cos. Mr. Malone, who will retain his headquarters
at Fairmont, has grown up with the industry
in that field. He is a practical man from
the ground up and his knowledge and the extent
of the properties under his control make him one
of the notable captains of the soft coal industry-
Mr. G. F. Getz, president of the Globe Coal Co..
of Chicago, was married on December 7 to Miss
Susan D. Rankin, daughter of Mr. James E.
Rankin, of Henderson, Ky. They will be at home
after January 1 in Chicago, at the Auditorium
annex.
Mr. C. A. Eastman will, after January 1, represent
at Chicago the Susquehanna Coal Co., with
office in the Old Colony building. For the past
three years Mr. Eastman has been the Chicago
sales agent for the W. L. Scott Co.
Mr. Charles R. Williamson, a prominent coal
and lumberman of Media, Pa., and father of C.
Frank Williamson, treasurer of the Pennsylvania
Retail Coal Merchants' Association, died recently
in his 82nd year.
Mr. J. R. Thomas has resigned the presidency
of the Kanawha Fuel Co. He will be succeeded
by Mr. M. T. Roach, the present general manager
and secretary of the company.
Mr. C. H. Schlacks, vice-president of the Rio
Grande & Colorado Midland railroad, has been appointed
vice-president of the Utah Fuel Co.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
An extensive line of air compressors and vacuum
pumps is described in a 48 page pamphlet just
issued by the Clayton air compressor works, of
New York City. More than 21 types of machines
are shown in the illustrations, including single
and duplex machines, steam-driven, power-driven
and electrically-driven by gear, chain and belt.
The last page also shows air compressors driven
by direct-connected oil engines, forming small convenient
units which may be installed almost anywhere
and which are said to be used extensively
in quarries, stone shops, small machine shops and
all small plants where air is used for general
purposes, such as cleaning, etc. Other pages describe
the air lift, the uses of compressed air in
car barns, vacuum machines for experimental
work. etc. The range of sizes includes machines
displacing from two cubic feet of free air per minute
to those having a capacity of 1,400 cubic feet.
o o o
The Deane Steam Pump Co.. of Holyoke, Mass.,
is distributing a new catalogue on condensers. No.
D-23. This publication reviews the principles and
advantages of the several types of condensers as
applied to steam engines, including surface and
jet condensers. It discusses, also, vacuum pumps,
exhausters, air and circulating pumps, and other
auxiliaries. A recent development, which is
treated of quite fully, is the provision of proper
condensing arrangements for steam turbines.
A new and complete catalogue, superseding all
its previous publications, is being distributed by
the A. S. Cameron Steam Pump Works, of New
York City. In addition to devoting 125 pages to
its extensive line of pumps and pump accessories,
the catalogue contains about 20 pages of immensely
valuable general information for all who have to
do with questions of water and steam. An attractive
illustrated pamphlet on steam pumps
accompanies the catalogue.
"Pumping Machinery" is the title of a 132 page
catalogue just issued by Henry R. Worthington,
of 114 Liberty street, New York City. The apparatus
described in this book comprises all of the
many types of pumping, condensing and measuring
devices developed by this well known company
in the 64 years of its existence, the most prominent
being the Duplex Steam Pump, of which
Henry R. Worthington was the inventor.
o o o
Three grand prize awards were made at the St.
Louis Exposition to the A. Leschen & Sons Rope
Co., of St. Louis. One prize was for wire rope;
another for wire rope tramways, and the third for
conveying and transmission haulage outfits. The
prizes were the highest awards over all competitors.
The Jeffrey Manufacturing Co.. of Columbus, O.,
is distributing an attractive cata'ogue of the pulverizing
machinery made by it. Its contents embrace
complete descriptions and illustrations of
all kinds of pulverizers, crushers and disintegrators,
and much valuable general information.
The United States government has purchased
from the Rand Drill Co. 27 Imperial pneumatic
hammers and drills. These are to be used in
connection with the Manila harbor improvements.
ANTHRACITE TONNAGE.
The anthracite tonnage for November aggregated
5.124,068 tons, an increase of 1,032,921 tons
over the corresponding month of 1903. The aggregate
tonnage for the 11 months of the present year
was 52,429,378 tons, a decrease as compared with
the same period of last year of 2,673,705 tons. The
distribution of this vast tonnage has been as follows:
November
Tons, 1904. Tons. 1903.
Reading 1,014,643 813,942
Lehigh Valley 876,873 468,965
Jersey Central 586,247 512,013
Del., Lack. & West 875,270 727,345
Del. & Hudson 473,659 466,054
Pennsylvania 423,790 319,434
Erie 500,061 368,948
Ontario & Western 239,698 222,975
Del., Susq. & Schuylkill 133.827 91,471
Totals 5,124,068 4,091,147
Eleven months to Nov. 30.
Tons, 1904. Tons, 1903.
Reading 10,343,278 10,641,874
Lehigh Valley 8,717,519 9,060,408
Jersey Central 6,576,157 6,864,136
Del., Lack. & West 8,546,309 8,829,967
Delaware & Hudson 4.S37.197 5,457,922
Pennsylvania 4,363,603 4,210,128
Erie 5,221,145 5,990,432
Ontario & Western 2,410.739 2,512,177
Del., Susq. & Schuylkill 1,413.431 1,536,039
Totals 52,429,379 55,103,083
A new railroad is to be constructed from Vinita,
I. T., Northwest into the coal fields.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
The view above shows the surface plant of tht Pittsburgh Coal Co.'s Vulcan mine at Treveskyn,
Pa., of which W. G. Wilkins of The W. G. Wilkins Co. of Pittsburgh was the engineer.
RAVAGES OF THE MINER'S WORM
IN THE GERMAN COAL FIELDS.
The coal mines in the district around Aix la
Chapelle are so impregnated with the eggs of the
miner's worm (Ankylostoma duodenalis) as to
occasion great suffering to the miners and large
expense to the operators in providing means for
resisting its ravages. Thirty per cent, of the
miners in this section are affected and in Westphalia
as high as 60 per cent, of the miners are
suffering from the effects of anemia caused by the
worms. The first infection of the mines came
from a miner who had worked in the St. Gothard
tunnel. The dampness and slime in coal mines
seem to be favorable for the development and
multiplication of the worms, and as sulphuric
water and gases seem to have no preventive effect
it is a matter of extreme difficulty to eradicate
them from the mine which has been once infected.
The worm is about 5 millimeters (0.197 inch)
in length, and its ovum about 1 millimeter, that
is, 0.0394 inch. It is believed to enter the system
of the miner through his mouth or an open wound,
and once in the system it fastens itself in the
mucous membrane of the duodenum and produces
an anemia so pronounced as to make a complete
wreck of the man attacked. The disease is not
considered fatal and when recognized a treatment
with male fern tree or its oil is considered a specific.
Because of the difficulty of freeing an infected
mine of the worm, great care is taken by
owners of mines to prevent its entry. In affected
mines the methods adopted to prevent the spread
of the worm consist largely in the enforcement of
personal cleanliness on the miners. In a mine
which was visited recently each miner on going to
work was required to change his clothes. On returning
from the mine a bath was required and
his mining suit was thoroughly fumigated. Weekly
inspections were required of all miners and upon
any complaint of illness by a miner special examination
was made.
Bergassesor Alemme, director Vereinigunge-
Gesellschaft, at Kohlscheid, has just completed a
shaft on sound sanitary principles for all employes
of that company whether working above
or below ground, and inquiries from medical societies
or others interested would probably be answered
by him with technical information on the
subject.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The New Albany Coal Exchange, composed of
coal dealers at New Albany, Ind., recently held a
meeting at which it was agreed to advance the
price of coal 25 cents per load. Dealers claim this
advance is necessary, owing to the low stage of
the river as greater expense is required to bring
the coal to the city wharf.
Yeager is the manager.
Ruby & Baird, coal dealers at Owensboro, Ky.,
recently dissolved partnership, S. R. Baird retiring,
and his interest in the business being taken
over by his partner, J. M. Ruby. H. Morton, president
of the Drakesboro Coal Co., becomes a member
of the firm which will be known as Ruby &
Morton.
*
The New England Coal Dealers' Association has
a membership of something like 400, but it is
stated that there are approximately 4,000 retail
dealers in the New England states. fhe association
recently held a meeting for the purpose of
endeavoring to increase its membership.
Charles Pfeiffer has purchased the coal yard of
Osman & Berkenstock, at Allentown, Pa., and the
business will hereafter be known as the Black Diamond
Coal & Supply Co.
The Great Western Elevator Co., of Gary, Minn.,
has decided to put in a coal shed at that place
and if the weather is favorable, it will soon be in
use.
*
E. A. Granger, of Plainwell, Mich., recently purchased
an interest in the coal and lumber business
of Charles Bush, of that city.
*
The People's Coal Co. recently embarked in business
at Sixteenth and Lowe streets, Chicago. Otto
The Cash Coal Co., of Youngstown, O., contemplates
establishing a new coal yard North of the
Pennsylvania station.
*
The Oberlin Coal, Lumber & Milling Co. has
been incorporated at Oberlin, O., with a capital
of $40,000.
*
The Myron Smith Coal Co. has been incorporated
with capital stock of $15,000 at Poughkeepsie,
N. Y.
*
Robert B. Crowthers has been appointed manager
of the retail department of the Pocahontas
Worcester (Mass.) coal dealers held a meeting Coal Co.
recently for the purpose of becoming better acquainted.
It is thought that the present price of A fire did considerable damage to the coal yard
$7.50 for the best grades of anthracite will be of Charles Williams at Kansas City, Mo., last
advanced to $7.75 before the first of the year. week.
#
*
The Trum Coal Co. has been incorporated at John J. Enos, of Connellsville, Pa., has leased his
Cincinnati with a capital stock of $100,000. The coal yard to the Consolidated Coal & Transfer Co.
incorporators are A. B. Trum, J. D. O'Neil, W. S.
*
Kuhn, D. J. Workum and S. E. Bowdle.
The Lebanon Coal & Ice Co. have increased their
*
facilities at Lebanon. O., by opening a new yard.
The Stewart Coal Co. has been incorporated at
FoTt Worth, Tex., with a capital stock of $10,00t).
The Hamilton Coal & Supply Co. has been incor­
The retail coal trade East and West continues porated at Hamilton, O, with a capital of $5,000.
good. In the West almost everywhere buying of
coal has been stimulated by a sharp spell of frosty M. V. Ingraham has sold out his coal business
weather, with snow.
in Westmoreland, Kas., to G. W. Va'nDusen.
*
Harry Brown and Harry W. Werner have gone
The North Western Fuel Co. has opened a new
into partnership in the coal business at Lebanon,
coal yard in Minneapolis on the North side.
Pa., purchasing the Brandywine coal yard from
H. H. Lineaweaver.
*
The W. E. Tuttle Coal co., of Springfield, O.,
The Ontario Coal Co. at Geneva, N. Y., has been
has been succeeded by Self & Lilly.
purchased by P. R. Cole, B. E. Rouse and Warren
*
Rouse. Mr. Cole will act as manager of the con­ J. H. Hahn has purchased the fuel business of
cern.
McFall & Sons, at San Antonio, Tex.

William Otto, a coal and grain dealer of Charleston,
Neb., has given a bill of sale.
COAL IMPORTS FOR TEN MONTHS.
Imports of coal into the United States for the
ten months ending October 31 are reported as
follows:
1903. 1904. Changes.
Canada 1,331,659 999,321 D. 332.338
Mexico 5 221 I. 216
Great Britain.... 1,264,534 ±00,376 D.1,164,158
Other Europe.... 431 50 D. 381
Australia 376,565 190,348 D. 186.217
Japan 59,034 41,378 D. 17,656
Other countries. . 1,019 759 D. 260
Total 3,033,247 1,332,453 1,700,794
Of the coal imported this year 54,331 tons were
classed as anthracite. The imports were chiefly
on the Pacific coast, the demand for foreign coal
in the East being limited to Nova Scotia coal at a
few New England ports. The Japanese coal was
received chiefly by way of Manila.
Holiday Excursions via Pennsylvania Lines.
December 24th, 25th, 26th and 31st, January lst
and 2d, are the dates on which excursion tickets
may be obtained at Pennsylvania Lines ticket
offices for Christmas and New Year holiday trips.
For full particulars call on Local Ticket Agent
of Pennsylvania Lines.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
*
Beginning last Monday, the child labor law of
John Buck has sold his business at Crete, Neb., Illinois is being enforced in all the coal mines of
to the Goodell Grain & Coal Co.
the state. Under the interpretation of the law
made by Factory Inspector Edgar Davies and sus­
F. A. Frisbie has sold his coal business at Cherotained by the courts, no boys aged under 16 will
kee, la., to J. E. McClintock.
be permitted to work in the mines. It is estimated
that the enforcement of the statute will
take 2,500 boys away from employment under­
H. C. Tussey, of Altoona, Pa., has sold his coal
ground.
business to S. H. Pressell.
* * *
The miners employed by the various commer­
A. Terrell & Son are selling out their coal busicial coal operators at Birmingham received an
ness at Attica, Kan.
advance of five cents a ton for mining coal, and a
*
corresponding advance in the price of day labor.
Coal has been advanced 25 cents per ton at The increase was based on the fact that iron is
Knoxville, Tenn.
selling at more than $10.50 a ton. All coal mining
contracts in the Birmingham district are on a
J. M. Richards will shortly open a new coal yard
sliding scale, based on the price of iron.
at New Orleans.
* * #
The coal miners of sub-district No. 4 met at
Alliance, O., last week and elected the following
officers: President. Percy Tetlow, Washingtonville:
vice-president. Alfred Avery. Wasuingtonville;
secretary-treasurer, John Archibald, East
Palestine; executive board, Robert Whatley, Salineville;
J. M. Poplin, Bergholz, and Robert Kerr,
New Waterford.
* * *
The inability to move tows of coal down the
Ohio on account of low water is, it is estimated,
keeping 2,500 rivermen and miners idle and inflicting
on them an aggregated daily wage loss of
$8,750. The coal producers and boat owners are
suffering proportionate losses, which, however, are
probably ten times as great in actual amount.
* * *
Striking miners from the Utah coal fields are
going to Kansas and Missouri to work in the
mines. About 60 arrived at Pittsburg, Kan., last
week and more are said to be on the way. Their
advent has caused complaint from the miners of
this district, as they say there is hardly enough
work for the men already at the mines.
* * *
The Victor Fuel Co. has filed a suit in the district
court at Trinidad. Colo., asking $941,000
damages from the United Mine Workers of America,
President John Mitchell and 11 other officers
of the organization, alleged to have been sustained
by the plaintiff during the recent strike of its
miners.
Commissioner Charles P. Neill of the anthra-
The Enterprise Coal Co., of Des Moines, la., is cite commission, after fixing the selling price of
erecting a large number of houses, making a anthracite coal at $4.85 at tidewater for the month
mining village just North of that city. of November awarded the miners an increase of 7

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
per cent, over the wages fixed by the strike commission,
in accordance with the sliding scale agreement.
• • *
The Mount Carmel colliery, owned by the Lehigh
Valley Coal Co. and employing 600 men and boys,
has suspended operations indefinitely because of a
body of water in the mine being in danger of
flooding the gangways.
* * *
The Mifflin Coal Co., of Duquesne, has booked
from the Carnegie Coal Co. an order for its entire
output the coming year. This will assure 300
men steady work.
* * «
The anthracite miners are already planning to
demand an eight hour day at nine hour pay when
the present agreement with their employers expires.
* * *
The trouble in the Massillon district has been
settled, the miners receiving advances of two to
five cents per ton for drilling.
* * *
The strikers at Price, Utah, are beginning to
leave the district, many going to Lafayette, Colo.
Prussia Buying Coal Mines.
The Prussian Diet devoted two days to an animated
discussion on the bill appropriating $17,-
500,000 to take over the shares of the Hibernian
Coal Co. which the Dresden Bank bought on behalf
of the Prussian government. The bill passed its
first reading and was referred to a committee.
Herr Moeller, minister of commerce and industry,
was subjected to a sharp attack by Von Eynern,
one of the national liberal leaders, who is a mem­
ber of the Hibernian Coal Co.'s directorate, for the
secretive way in which the purchase of the stock
was conducted.
Threat To Extend Morris Run'Strike.
A so-called ultimatum of the United Mine Work­
ers of America that in the event of the New York
Central operators refusing to settle the strike
at Morris Run all the men employed in the various
operations controlled by the New York Central
in the district will be called out, has been indirectly
presented to the operators and its reception
will determine the future course of the Mine Workers'
organization. The miners assert that the
trouble at Morris Run is a direct attempt to crush
their organization in the Tioga county field. If
the general strike is declared, it will involve about
4,000 miners employed in Tioga, Clearfield, Cam­
bria and Jefferson counties, as well as hundreds
of railroad employes.
';'-'" COAL TRADE CASUALTIES.
An explosion of gas on December 9 wrecked the
shaft and demolished the upper works of the
Eldorado (111. I Coal & Coke Co.'s mine and hopelessly
entombed four miners. Four others were
rescued at the imminent peril of his life by Mine
Boss Patrick Reed.
oooo
After having been imprisoned for several hours
in a burning shaft of the Woodside Coal Co., near
Springfield, 111., 14 men were rescued. The mine's
top works were totally destroyed, the flames
spreading to the workings below.
oooo
The Sholl coal mine, near Peoria, 111., took flre
last week and the indications are that it will be
destroyed or badly damaged. The 100 men at
work in the mine when the flre was discovered
barely escaped with their lives.
oooo
As the result of an explosion of fire damp in a
coal mine at Burnett, Wash., on December 7. eleven
miners were killed and four fatally hurt.
oooo
The double-decked landing boat of the People's
Coal Co. at Pittsburgh was burned on December 4.
Mine Fire Burned For Twenty-three Years.
The No. 9 colliery of the Lehigh Coal & Navi­
gation Co., which was flooded in 1881 in order to
quench a fire which raged in one lift below the
water level and which has been idle ever since,
will shortly resume. A hole has been drilled into
the slump below the old slope and water reached.
A powerful set of engines have been installed to
take care of the water which will be tapped, and
it is expected that the company will in a short
time ship the thousands of tons of loose coal stored
there, giving employment to a small army of additional
hands.
The Maryland Coal Co. has declared a regular
semi-annual dividend of 2% per cent, and an extra
dividend of 2%. per cent, on preferred stock, pay­
able December 31. The dividends just declared
make 8 1 - per cent, for the year 1904. In 1903, Sy2
per cent, was paid; in 1902, 7; in 1901, 5y2; in
1900, and 1899, 5; in 1898, 4%.; and in 1897, 4 per
cent.
A 12-foot vein of coal was struck at a depth of
210 feet while drilling for oil near Glenwood, W.
Va.

Belton Coal & Coke Co., Moundsville, W. Va.;
capital. $400,000; incorporators, J. C. McClenathan,
of Connellsville, Pa.; Thomas S. Lackey and
Allen D. Williams, of LTniontown, Pa.; J. C. Smutz,
New Haven, Pa.; and ti. J. Humphreys, of Vance's
Mills, Pa.
. —+—
Platino Mining & Manufacturing Co., Waynesburg,
Pa.; capital, $100,000; incorporators, J. A.
Dunne, J. D. Orndorff, W. E. Spragg, James E.
Wood, W. H. Bailey, D. S. Hoover and H. C. Staggers,
all of Waynesburg, Pa.
—+—
Knickerbocker Coal Co., Charleston, W. Va.;
capital, $500,000; incorporators, W. W. Mucklow,
Charleston, George G. Mucklow, J. R. Mucklow,
Mucklow, W. Va.; H. F. Hanks, St. Albans, and
C. W. Morton, Charleston.
—+—
American Peat Coal Co., Passaic; capital, $1,-
000,000; incorporators, Garrett Terhune, John
Terhune, Joseph M. Gardner. The conipany is
to manufacture fuel briquettes from peat, etc.
—I
Buchannon River Coal Co., Fairmont, W. Va.;
capital, $250,000; incorporators, A. D. Simon, J.
A. Jamison, C. W. Arnett and G. M. Alexander,
of this city, and E. D. Fulton, of Uniontown, Pa.
1
The Pennmont Coal Co., Baltimore; capital. $5,-
000; incorporators, J. Walter Lord, Charles H.
Schanze, Edward M. Lerp, Harvey H. Wilson and
Louis Lotters, all of Baltimore.
—+—
The Capital City Fuel Co., Columbus, O.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, Paul W. Potts, John W.
Seeds, William S. Dresback, William M. Williams
and A. W. Shields.
Laurel Coal & Land Co., Charleston, W. Va.;
capital, $400,000; incorporators, W. A. MacCorkle,
J. E. Chilton, W. E. Chilton, G. O. Chilton, T. S.
Clark.
— h —
Ada Coal Co., Jackson, O.; capital, $100,000; incorporators,
Ira A. Sternberger, Joseph McGhee,
Ophelia Sternberger, M. H. McGhee, W. C. Martin.
—+—
The General Western Fuel Co., Toledo; capital,
$20,000; incorporators, George C. Walsh, J. C.
Burns, I. M. Hott, W. S. Kennington, M. T. Reel.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
The Ruthven Coal Co., Columbus, O.; capital.
$50,000; incorporators, W. H. Long, M. G. Mc­
Mahon, E. E. Bryan, F. L. Cooperider and M. F.
Long.
—+—
Atlantic Coal Mining Co.. Houtzdale; capital,
$20,000; directors, Charles Dewees, Loraine; Asa
Spencer, Pnilipsburg; George Lobb, Brisbin.
h—
Pacific Coal & Coke Co., Portland, Me.; capital,
$1,0110,000; incorporators, M. W. Baldwin, G. C.
Knight and others.
The Corrie Coal Mining Co. has been incorporated
at Webb City, Mo., with a capital stock of
$4S,000.
William H. Morris, of Johnstown, Pa., and John
O. Rauch, of Jennertown, have brought suit against
Norman E. Knepper. Isaiah Good and Daniel B.
Zimmerman, of Somerset, to recover $84,000 each,
alleged to be due them from the profits of a recent
sale of coal lands in Jenner, Quemahoning and
Conemaugh townships, Somerset county, to a syndicate
of Pittsburghers headed by James S. and
William Kuhn.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has entered suit against
James Shearen and John Shearen, doing business
at Washington, Pa., as Shearen Bros., to recover
$30,000. The company claims the Shearens in
mining in Chartiers township appropriated $10,-
000 worth of their coal. Under the law treble the
value of the coal thus taken can be recovered.
A deed of trust from the Yolande Coal Co. to
the American Trust & Savings Co., to secure the
payment of the principal and interest of $300,000
of bonds issued by the former, has been filed for
record in the probate office at Birmingham, Ala.
The Brushy mountain coal mines, in Tennessee,
which are worked by convicts, have proved very
profitable to the state this year. The net income
was $140,S15.76. During the year $25,000 was
spent on improvements.
The Pleasant Grove Coal Co., of Cleveland.
which was incorporated August 1. 1904, with a
capital stock of $30,000, has been placed in the
hands of a receiver upon the application of its
secretary and treasurer.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
While drilling for coal on the property of Dr.
X. O. Werder, of Pittsburgh, near New Florence,
Pa., the drillers struck a flow of mineral water
which throws a stream higher than the tops of
the houses.
The Century Coke Co. has completed 30 new
ovens on Dunlap's creek, near Brownsville, Pa.,
and ground has been broken near Smithfield for
50 new ovens for the Sackett Coal & Coke Co.
The Southern Pacific is having a survey made
into the coal fields of Fort Hancock, Texas, with
the intention of running a branch coal road to
that point.
The Atchison coal shaft, which was recently
sunk by a company of business men of that city,
is now producing about 50 tons a day in Atchison,
Kan.
The Western Pennsylvania Central Mining Institute
will hold its annual meeting on December
20 and 21 at Pittsburgh.
THE COAL FIELDS OF ALASKA. 9
Near Cape Lisburne. which is on the Arctic
coast of Alaska. 300 miles North of the Arctic
circle, are two coal bearing formations of economic
importance. They were studied during the past
summer by Arthur J. Collier, of the United States
geological survey, who, assisted by Chester Washburn,
made his way in an open dory along that
distant shore as far East as Cape Beaufort. The
wind in that quarter of the earth blows everything
with cyclone force straight out to sea every day
in the year except those days when, for a change,
it tears down from the North pole. Putting to
sea in an open boat might seem like tempting
fate in that latitude, but the survey men found it
the most practicable way of studying the formations
exposed along the coast. Coming South they
were taken up by the United States revenue cutter
Thetis, the captain of which did everything in his
power to facilitate their work.
Of the two coal bearing formations, one, which
lies East of Cape Lisburne, is of Jurassic or lower
The Dilworth Coal Co. has filed suits to recover
Cretaceous age, and the other, which lies South
$11,289.77 from the McKeesport Tin Plate Co. on
of Cape Lisburne, is either lower Carboniferous
a contract to deliver coal, and $2,500 for the
or Devonian. The Mesozoic coal bearing forma­
alleged destruction of barges by negligence.
tion, which has been known for the last threequarters
of a century, commences at a point 25
miles East of Cape Lisburne and is continuously
The Douglas-Rauch Coal & Coke Co.. composed
principally of Pennsylvania capitalists and experienced
operators, has begun operations at their
property near Wolf Summit, W. Va.
exposed along the coast to Cape Beaufort, a distance
of 40 miles. It contains the well known
Corwin and Thetis mines, the location of which
has been shown on many recent maps of Alaska.
Geological study shows that the coal measures
Dr. William S. Phillips, of Denver, has dis­ of these fields have a total thickness of at least
covered extensive coal fields in Northeastern 15,000 feet and contain not less than 40 beds of
Mexico. They will be opened despite the fact coal, each over a foot thick. The aggregate thick­
that no railroad is near.
ness of all the beds seen by Mr. Collier is over
150 feet. Eleven of them are more than four feet
thick and contain coal of good quality. Analysis
The Fairmont Coal Co. has shipped 4,500 tons
of samples from some of the beds shows the pro­
of coal to Buenos Ayres for the Buenos Ayres &
duct to be low grade bituminous coal. A limited
Western railroad, to be tested in competition with
amount of coal has been mined here since 1879 for
Cardiff coal.
whalers and revenue cutters. Several cargoes
were mined in 1901 and sold at Nome markets
for $18 and $20 a ton, in competition with Comax
and Washington coal at $25 a ton.
None of the coal beds has been permanently developed.
The coal produced was mined from the
croppings along the sea cliff and boated off to
the ships through the surf. There is no harbor
for vessels nor protection from any but South
winds. In 1903 a small amount of coal, probably
not exceeding 20 or 30 tons, was produced at the
Corwin mine. In 1901 about 20 tons were tak"en
by the steamship Corwin, and about ten more
tons were mined for consumption at the Point
Hope whaling station.
The Paleozoic coals outcrop at three points
along the coast, four, eight and 12 miles, respectively.
South of Cape Lisburne. The coal bearing
formation extends Southward for a distance of
about 40 miles and reaches the coast again at
Cape Thompson. Beds over four feet in thickness
occur at each of the localities noted. No
analysis of these coals has yet been made. They
are bituminous and of considerably better grade
than the Mesozoic coals of the region. They are
totally undeveloped, but in 1903 a few tons were
mined from croppings in the sea cliffs and used at
the Point Hope whaling station.

UNDERGROUND, SURFACE
5 INCLINE WIRE ROPE
HAULAGE OUTFITS.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
ESTABLISHED 1857
A.LESCHEN &rS0N5 ROPECO.
ST. LOU IS, MO.
BRANCH OFFICES:
NEW YORK CHICAGO
DENVER SAN FRANCISCO
tm
WIRE ROPE
FOR
MINES,
QUARRIES,
ELEVATORS,
AERIALW1RE ROPE
TRAMWAYS
LESCHEN SYSTEMS
DUSEDAU SYSTEM ,,-
Ly**r-
The American Mfg. Go.
Manila, Sisal and Jute Cordage
65 WALL ST. NEW YORK. " AMERICAN " Cordage
comes straight from our
Mill to you. It is under our
control from the opening of
the fibre bale until the finished
rope is shipped; uni
form and perfect workman- '
ship therefore assured.
"AMERICAN" R RAN O SMIS P S, °E
is the best example of the
rope maker's art.
Samples, prices, our cordage
folder "ROPE" and " A
LITTLE BLUE BOOK
ON ROPE TRANSMIS­
SION" sent free upon re­
quest.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
GENERAL IMPROVEMENT IN
THE COAL TRADE PROSPECTS.
Now that the national election is out of the way
there is reason to believe that the coal industry
will come into its own and that business will in
a measure make up by increased activity for the
dullness which prevailed from April 1 to November
1. While the result of the national election
would indicate that from the early part of the
campaign there was no uncertainty as to who
would be the next president of the United States,
nevertheless there was more or less timidity in
commercial and industrial circles until the vote
had been counted. Industries which a year ago
purchased a large tonnage of coal during the summer
months because it could be purchased cheaper
and transportation conditions were more certain,
refrained from doing so the past six or eight
months, stock in consumers' bins at all times
being kept to low proportions. As a consequence
the volume of business up to the first of the present
month was much less than it was in the corresponding
period in 1903, and if there is a revival
of industrial activity following the election, as
is said to be expected, the demand for the remainder
of the year and during the winter will
be correspondingly increased over what it was
during the winter of 1903-1904. There is every
reason to believe that many lines of manufacture
which have been operating on half time during the
past six or eight months will now resume on full
time or better, and that their fuel requirements
will be increased in proportion. Activity in the
iron and steel trade is well under way, and if it
can be taken as an index to industrial conditions
in other industries, and it is believed that it can,
they must shortly follow this lead. With the
increase in commercial activity there should be
a larger increase in the consumption of coal than
in that of any other commodity.
Coal producers not only supply fuel to operate
the factories, but supply the agency which moves
the transportation lines, and with any increase in
the volume of freight or passenger traffic over the
latter more coal is required. In this way it must
be evident a resumption of business or Increased
business is a direct benefit to all coal producing
companies. They benefit by the increased demand
from industries requiring fuel and also increase
the tonnage sold to the railroads.
There is only one feature of the situation which
may work to the injury of the coal producing
interests of the country. This is found in the
unpreparedness and inability of the railroads to
move all the freight delivered to them for transportation.
The situation in this respect is not
any more encouraging than it was three or four
weeks ago. As a matter of fact, in the Eastern
states it has grown worse instead of better.
COAL PROPERTIES EXCHANGED.
Through an interchange of coal properties completed
last week the Pittsburgh Coal Co. has become
the owner of two new mines in the Pittsburgh
district, and the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. has
become the possessor of a good-sized acreage of
coal formerly held by the Pittsburgh Coal Co. and
adjacent to other mines of the independent company.
In addition to the coal lands, which the
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. secures, it also becomes a
stockholder in the Pittsburgh Coal Co. and renews
its contract for the sale of its lake coal to the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. for a term of three years.
The transfer gives to the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
the Blanch and Rachel mines of the independent
company. They are both on the Wheeling division
of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. The Pittsburgh
Coal Co. gives the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. coal
lands adjacent and continuous with the properties
about the Bertha mine of that company. The
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. will remove its forces and
equipment from the mines it has sold to the
Bertha mine and start enlarged operations there
at once. It is expected to bring the mine capacity
to at least 2,000 tons daily within a short time.
It will be further increased later.
New Mine Being Opened In Tennessee.
The Tennessee Coal. Iron & Railroad Co. is
opening up new mines in the Northern part of
Jefferson county, in the Henry Ellen district. The
mines will be the best equipped coal mines in the
state, it is said, the plans calling for an electric
plant to provide power for the hauling of coal.
The daily output will be about 1,000 tons, but it
will be several months before mines can be operated
steadily. The Central of Georgia, Southern
Railway & Seaboard Air Line will build spur
tracks to the new mines.
Home-Seekers' Excursions.
West, Northwest and Southwest via
Pennsylvania Lines.
Excursion tickets will be sold via Pennsylvania
Lines to points West, Northwest and Southwest,
account Home-Seekers' Excursions, during December,
January, February, March and April. For
full particulars regarding fares, routes, etc., call
on J. K. Dillon. District Passenger Agent, 515 Park
Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
A new syndicate of coal operators is being
formed in Pittsburgh to engage in the lake trade.
Several of the largest independent producers in
the district are supposed to be promoting the new
project.

o
w
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
^ ^ -- ^ ^ srs^-. . . ^ >
a
a
a
a
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«
i«"»,
E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT. \§p

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade are reported expressly for
THE COM. TRADE BULLETIN by J. M. Nesbit, patent
attorney. Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa., from
whom printed copies may be procured for 15 cents
each:
Miner's pick, W. H. Foley, Mapleton, 111.; 774,-
748.
Mine car F. C Hockensmith. Pittsburgh, as­
signor to Hockensmith Wheel & Mine Car Co..
Penn Station. Pa.; 775,007.
Lubricating device for mine car wheels. .1. N.
Maxwell, Dawson. Pa.; 775,114.
Coke pullers, J. E. Jones, Switchback. W. Va.,
and Harry King, Washington, D. C; (2) 775,177
and 775,178.
Coke pullers, J. E. Jones, Switchback, W. Va.;
12) 775,179 and 775.180.
Mechanical coke pullers. F. C. Somes, Washington.
D. C, (2) assignor to J. E. Jones, Switchback,
W. Va.; 775,196 and 775.197.
Coke oven discharging machine, A. J. Doss.
Switchback, W. Va., assignor to J. E. Jones, same
place; 775,211.
Coke puller, Harry King, Washington, D. C, assignor
to J. E. Jones, Switchback, W. Va.; (2)
775,221 and 775,275.
/6 J. L. SPANGLER,
PRESIDENT.
£
Implement for discharging coke ovens, A. J.
Doss. Switchback, W. Va., assignor to J. E. Jones,
Switchback, W. Va.; 775,266.
Miner's pick, William Ashert. Des Moines, la.;
775.325.
Miner's car, W. J. Nelson, \vilson. Pa.; 775,778.
Miner's safety lamp. R. C. Simpson, Johnetta,
Pa.; 775,782.
Car dumping apparatus, H. H. Bighouse, Columbus,
O.. assignor to The Jeffrey Mfg. Co., same
place: 776.009.
Safely device for cable mine hauls. Alexander
Palmros. Fairmont. W. Va.. assignor to The Wagner-Palmros
Mfg. Co., same place; 776,083.
Mine car coupling. M. G. Moore, Johnstown, Pa.;
776,531.
Mining column, R. L. Ambrose, Tarrytown, N.
Y.; 776,8S1.
Dumping mine car, J. D. Hampton, Hazleton,
Pa.; 777.020.
Jos. H. REILLY,
V. PREST. & TREAS.
The owner of 7,000 acres of coal lands, containing
52-inch out-cropping seam, wishes to associate
himself with others to buy and develop an additional
22,000 acres of adjoining lands, which also
contain timber, oil. etc., and can be purchased very
cheap. Q j_, PKESCOTT,
421 W. Oak Street, Louisville, Ky.
c\
Jos. B. CAMPBELL,
SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
t- OFFICES : .
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
ac *&, $> •

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
PURITAN COAL MINING CO
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
O
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS.
STINKMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
c OFFICES. a
26 South 15th Street, No. 1 Broadway,
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINKRS A3STO SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
ANIl
HORSESHOE COAL,
(MII-LER VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, PA.
fPmmiiwiimiimiimiiwmmiiwiiMiwimiimiiimiiimiimiiiiiimiimiimmmimmiiiiimiiim^
GEORGE /. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX, TREASURER. |
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED
FricK Building,
| BELL T^mm, ese CoRT -*^ PITTSBURGH, PA. f
UNIT ED "^©SlceiDMMOT.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF ;
! WESTMORELAND GAS «»° SECOND POOL YOUGH
COAL.
:
: MINES ON THE MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH & LAKE ERIE RAILROAD;
'. BALTIMORE &. OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD,
: :
. OFFICE. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE! j
j : BANK FOR PITTSBURGH, SAVINGS BUILDING, PA. S 1117-! 118 NORTH AMERICAN BLDO. :
|
Q)

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA •
SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY*-

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
^ei)i)s2lVai)ia (031 and (oke (on)J)3!)2,
WEBSTER COAL
GALLITZIN COKE
ROBERT MITCHELL, GramAL SAUB AGM
LAND TITLE; BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
N E W YORK : 17 BATTERY PLACE. BOSTON : No. 141 MILK ST.
-THE-
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
CHICAGO: 215 DEARBORN STREET.
"C C B
"POCAHONTAS^
J5M0KELESS.
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THE CELEBRATED C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL,
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, as the United States Geological Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
POCAHONTAS
TRADE MARK REGISTERED
1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY, New YOR
CITIZENS- BANK BUILDING, NORFOLK, VA.
C. C. B. Pocahontas Smokeless
Is the only American Coal that has heen Officially indorsed by the
Governments of Great Britain, Germanv and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United States Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN &, BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
MAIN OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 SO. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BRANCH OFFICES :
OLD COLONY BUILDING. CHICAGO, III.
126 STATE STREET. BOSTON, MASS.
EUROPEAN AGENTS ;
HULL, BLYTH &. COMPANY, 4 FENCHURCH AVENUE. LONDON, E. C. ENGLAND
NEAVE BUILDING, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
TERRY BUILDING. ROANOKE. VA.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
JAMES KERR, PRESIDENT. A. E. PATTON, TREASURER
Jjeecl) v^reek v^oal o v^oke V^°-
No. 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PARDEE, PATTON, AND ARCADIA GOALS.
OWNERS OF
Port Liberty Docks in New York Harbor.
Orders For Coal Should Be Forwarded To The
BEECH CREEK COAL & COKE CO., - - 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY.
^•^•(^•^•(^•^'^•^•^•(^•^f^JPH
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
m
PA
PA
PA
p.%
PA
#
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers BanK B dg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

* * •
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
C. M. UNDERHILL,
WESTERN AGENT FOR
THE SALE OF
THE
ANTHRACITE COAL
OF
J. LANGDOIV & CO., INCORPORATED.
BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE.
FIDELITY BUILDING,
BUFFALO, • NEW YORK.
y
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imaaaaaaaaaaaraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa^
S HARRY OLMSTED,President. . ^t. » HUNTINGTON, Treasurer. F. 0. HA1TON, Secretary.
I MIDDLE STATES COAL CO.
! MINERS AND SHIPPERS
\ HOCKING, POCAHONTAS COAL AND COKE, KANAWHA
GAS, STEAM AND SMITHING COAL.
5 MINES LOCATED ON
3 Hocking Valley Ry. Norfolk & Western Ry. Zanesville & Western Ry. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry.
s
5 GENERAL OFFICES:
§ THE HAYDEN BUILDING, - - - - COLUMBUS, OHIO.
*llllit„„„i000a0000aa0a000aaa0000000000000000000000000000000iii**iiaa0000$a000i0000000000000000000:

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
(f
K
M. M. COCHRAN, President. JOHN H. WURTZ, Sec'y and Treas.
W. HARRY BROWN, Vice President. J. S. NEWMYER, General Manager.
WASHINGTON GOAL & COKE COMPANY,
GENERAL OFFICE, DAWSON, FAYETTE COUNTY, PA.
YOUGHIOGHENY
COAL,
STEAM, GAS, COKING.
5,000 TONS, DAILY CAPACITY.
INDIVIDUAL CARS.
CONNELLSVILLE
COKE,
FURNACE, FOUNDRY, CRUSHED.
SHIPMENTS VIA B. &. O. R. R., AND P. & L. E. R. R. AND CONNECTIONS.
SALES OFFICE : PITTSBURGH, PA.
N. P. HYNDMAN, Sales Agent. H. R. HYNDMAN, Asst. Sales Agent.
J « ^
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal. '
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE:
Latrobe, Penna.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO,
Empire Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coa
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
L-OCA-TED ON MINES AT
G. & P. R. R., B. & 0. R. R. and Ohio River. Bellaire, Ohio.
Communications should be sent to LOUIS F. NEWMAN, Manager, Pittsburgh,
r\s tr\
HEME COIL COMPACT.
'INCORPORATED.)
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. 4 L. E., ERIE, L. S. 4 M. S.
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
1/2 *J
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NO.. CARNEGIE 70.

56
V
Ir
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CLYDE COAL COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED CLYDE COAL.
SHIPMENTS BY RIVER STEAMERS
"CLYDE" AND "ELEANOR."
CLYDE MINE, FREDEfllCKTOWN. PA
DAILY CAPACITY OF MINES, 3,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
CONESTOGA BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
J. H. SANFORD, GENERAL MANAGER.
BELL PHONE, 2517 COURT. p. & A. PHONE, 2125 MAIN.
J

U/ye
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., JANUARY 2, 1905. No. 3.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1904
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TKADK COMPANY.
926-930 PAKK BUILDING, PITTSKUHSH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
I Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.J
REVISION OF PENNSYLVANIA
MINING LAWS IS DISCUSSED.
The mine inspectors of the anthracite region
held a conference at Hazleton, Pa., on December
28 with J. E. Roderick, chief of the Pennsylvania
department of mines. It is possible that a commission
will be asked to draw up an entire new
bill repealing all existing acts. Among the latter
is the Garner law providing for the election of the
inspectors by popular vote, passed by the last
assembly.
Some time ago a movement was begun with a
view to causing the removal of the boards of mine
examiners throughout the whole of the anthracite
region. The agitation revealed the fact that
bogus certificates had been given out wholesale
and some members of the boards were arrested.
The question of issuing new certificates is in the
hands of Chief Roderick. Mr. Roderick has announced
no action thus far and it is believed that
he is preparing plans for a thorough revision of
the laws. There are also many other features of
the mining law where changes have been demanded.
There is a diversity of opinion regarding the requirements
of the situation. The belief is gaining
ground that a few fundamental laws would be
better than a comparatively complex system and
that many points, ventilation for example, would
better be left to the judgment of those dealing
with specific needs than be made a matter of specific
figures.
DEFECTS OF TRADES UNIONISM.
During his recent address before the New York
School Masters Association, President Charles W.
Eiiot, of Harvard asserted that the real proof of
education was the possession of will power, such
as was developed in freedom. He was asked how
far he thought trades unions interfered with individual
freedom, and to this he replied:
"One of the chief defects of the trades union system
as it exists to-day is the doctrine of limitations
of output, which is held by so many of the
exponents of the system and rigorously enforced.
I happened to observe recently a very perfect illustration
of the evil to which I refer. A certain
bit of masonry work was being constructed where
bricks and half bricks were being put in to fill up
space; but not with the precision which is required
where a regular wall is being built. The
masons could just as well as not have laid two
bricks at a time, as it was not work which required
the use of the trowel, but they nevertheless
kept trowels in their hands all the time, and they
seemed even to have a special liking for half
bricks. It was simply the result of a systematic.
effort to limit the amount of work which each man
should turn out.
"That appears to be the deliberate policy of the
trades unions to-day. It is the really hideous feature
of trades unionism, the reduction of the efficiency
of the worker, as prescribed by the unions.
It keeps people from working with a good will.
and it is ahsolutely rotting the fibre of a man.
I do not know anything in the present-day conditions
which is more demoralizing.
"I believe in the expediency of trade unions, but
I know of nothing more fatal to their real success
than these schemes to limit the output."

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MR. CARNEGIE'S VIEWS ON
THE QUESTION OF STRIKES.
Andrew Carnegie's address read at the recent
annual meeting of the National Civic Federation
in New York is an interesting and striking production
.partly by reason of Mr. Carnegie's experience
with the questions handled, but mainly
from the deductions presumably drawn from his
experience. The subject of the paper is "Industrial
Peace." After citing the fact that sixsevenths
of the 7,000,000 persons comprising the
industrial population are at peace, that there is
no friction between the 10,000,000 agricultural
workers and their employers and that there is
unbroken tranquility among the 5,500,000 persons
engaged in domestic service, Mr. Carnegie continues
as follows:
"I am persuaded that quarrels arise quite as
often from the employer's ignorance of the fine
qualities of his employes as from ignorance of the
workmen of the good qualities of their employers.
"As far as the largest manufactories and mines
are concerned, I think the great corporation engaged
in a dispute with its men makes a mistake
if it adopts the policy, or even considers it. of
running the works with new men. First, the best
workmen are not idle, and to employ the only
class that can be obtained is to lay the foundation
of serious future trouble. Even when the employer
succeeds in running the work with new
men his victory is really a defeat. He will ultimately
lose more by the change than he would
have lost had he patiently awaited a settlement
with his old men.
"If, in case of a strike, the employer promptly
informed his men that they need have no apprehension
about their jobs, that he would not have
any but his own men, and knew that he could not
get such men as they, and, therefore, would wait
for them until their unfortunate differences were
settled, all would soon be well. I think employers
should make this an invariable rule—never to employ
new men in case of a strike, but to wait patiently
for the old men.
"In special branches this policy is impossible,
such as in street and other railways and wherever
the daily wants of the public are concerned. No
doubt new men in extreme cases must be employed,
but it i.s a sad necessity, to be avoided
whenever possible. In these cases public sentiment
plays a potent part and hastens a settlement."
Samuel Gompers, who acted as toastmaster at
the dinner, said labor had found out through the
Civic Federation that employers are not the
"modern monsters" which thcy used to picture in
the past. He said he welcomed, advisedly for
labor which he represented, the organizations of
employers.
Speeches were delivered also by Archbishop Ireland,
Mr. Belmont, President Eliot of Harvard,
Henry Phipps, Francis L. Robbins and John Mitchell.
A growing appreciation of the trade agreement
on the part of both organized employers and wageearners
as a practical method of securing and
maintaining industrial peace, was reported by
Francis L. Robbins of Pittsburgh, chairman of the
department of trade agreements. He said there
have been several important additions to the more
than 50 trade agreements already existing in great
national industries and an extension of their
local application.
A letter of regret from President Roosevelt said
among other things:
"I am sure you understand that I am in hearty
accord and sympathy with the purposes of the
National Civic Federation in its effort for the establishment
of more rightful relations between
employers and employes.
"Views upon economic and sociological problems
often differ. There can be, however, no division
of opinion that the highest aim of all should be
toward establishing on an ever-closer basis of mutual
respect and friendship the relations between
employers and workmen."
FRANCE AS A FIELD FOR THE
AMERICAN EXPORT COAL TRADE.
Iii the first eight months of 1904 the total coal
imports into France were S.060.350 tons, against
8,137.1 SO tons and 7.S36.450 tons in the corresponding
months of 1903 and 1902. The receipts from
Great Britain and Germany showed a falling off,
while those from Belgium were slightly larger.
There was also an increased importation of coke
during the above period, the total imports being
1,108,000 tons, against 978,840 tons and 760,100
tons in the first eight months of 1903 and 1902.
The imports of briquettes were 363,940 tons in
1904, against 424,520 tons and 321,030 tons in 1903
and 1902.
Whether or not the falling off of the imports of
German coal into France since the beginning of
the year indicates that the efforts of the Westphalian
syndicate to capture the French market
are not succeeding would be difficult to state. German
coal is not making great headway in the
Havre market, and several of the leading importers
say they do not fear the German competition,
especially at this time, when the prices for
small British coal are so low.
Rumors have been circulated of renewed efforts
of American coal exporters to establish an outlet
in France for American coal. In articles published
in several of the English and French trade

and daily papers Havre has been mentioned as a
port where one of the proposed depots might be
established. Whether or not the conditions are
favorable at this time for the exportation of
American coal to the French Channel ports depends
upon the possibility of American miners
and shippers meeting the competition of British
and German coal, as in these localities but little
French coal is consumed. It is mainly a question
of price, as the good qualities of the American
product are appreciated by the French consumer.
The imports of coal into France in 1903 were
the smallest for several years—12,602,000 metric
tons, against 13,179,000 tons and 13,775,000 tons in
1902 and 1901. The reasons assigned for the falling
off of the receipts were decreased consumption,
owing to the unfavorable condition of the
metallurgical and other industries, the stagnation
existing in the freight trade, and increased
production of the French mines, amounting to
nearly 5,000.000 tons more than in 1902. The imports
were as follows: Great Britain, 7,139,200
tons; Belgium, 4,011,000 tons; Germany, 1,071,500
tons, and the United States, 3.680 tons.
According to the provisional statistics recently
published by the minister of public works, the
production of anthracite and bituminous coal in
France during the first six months of 1904 was
16,742,500 metric tons, against 16,997,608 tons during
the same period of 1903, a decrease of 255,108
tons.
OUTPUT OF THE PITTSBURGH
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 1'7
DISTRICT TO BE INCREASED.
Preparations are being made by the larger coal
mining companies for much greater production at
all mines in the Pittsburgh district during the
new year and also for the addition of more
miners and equipment to make this possible. The
recent large order for cars, given by the Pittsburgh
Coal Co., has been followed by the announcement
by the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. that at nearly all
of its mines more men are to be employed. To
provide for these new houses are building at the
mining towns of the company. At Burgettstown,
contractors are putting up 48 single houses for the
miners, all of modern type. At Canonsburg the
company is building 10 double houses, fitted for
20 families of miners, and it is probable that 20
more such structures will be put up before spring
at that point. The Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. will
probably add 250 more miners in January. The
Ellsworth Coal Co. is making similar preparations
for greater tonnage and will have more cars for
handling it.
MARKED IMPROVEMENT SHOWN
IN OHIO MINING CONDITIONS.
Labor Commissioner Ratchford of Ohio, has
issued the following figures on coal mining investigations:
Number of mines reporting, 575, increase,
42; number employed ( monthly average)36,-
460, increase 5,880; number superintendents, salesmen
and office help I monthly average) 901. increase
168; capital invested in grounds, buildings
and machinery, $32,054,018, increase $9,686,445;
value of products, $28,135,893.33, increase $297,-
956.44; amount paid in wages. $19,113,466.75, increase
$3,345,829.92; amount paid superintendents.
salesmen and office help, $900,286.92, increase $205,-
780.56; average number of days worked per employe,
191; average daily wages per employe, $2.60;
increase 0.36; average yearly earnings per employe,
$496.60, increase $55.32; average liours of
uaily labor per employe, 8 1-7; number affected by
advance in wages. 26.950; average per cent, advance
in wages, 12.57.
HIGHER WAGES OFFERED BY
THE MORRIS RUN COMPANY.
The operators of the mines at Morris Run. Pa.,
in the Clearfield district, where a strike has been
on since last spring, have made public the following
notice, signed by the Morris Run Coal Mining
Co., John Magee, president:
"Improved market conditions warrant this company
in attempting to pay higher wages. It will
therefore pay 82 cents per gross ton for mining
so long as business will permit, with corresponding
rates for other labor from March, 1904. Applications
for work will be considered with reference
to families that have been afflicted with sickness,
preference given to those in need."
Labor Shortage In The Coke Region.
The coal and coke interests of Fayette and Westmoreland
counties, and Southwestern Pennsylvania
generally, are suffering from a serious shortage
of labor. Nearly all the plants in the district
could employ many additional men. Some works
are running only one-third to one-half their capacity
because of the fact that they do not have
enough coal miners and coke drawers to pi.perly
man the plants. Many of the companies are advertising
for men and the H. C. Frick Coke Co. has
been compelled to bring labor into the region to
start many of its plants. Steady work is promised
at the regular rates for mining, coke drawing and
other labor. The standard scale enables miners
to earn from $3 to $4 per day and the coke drawers
from $2.75 to $3 per day.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SPANISH COAL CONSUMERS
MUST DEPEND ON IMPORTERS.
The general league representing the bituminous
coal interests of Spain has published a statement
embodying the report presented to the commission
appointed to study the revision of the customs
tariff, from which the following statistics are
extracted:
England has for many years enjoyed the supremacy
in this product, exporting millions of
tons (63,000,000 tons in 1903) to all countries on
the globe. She is now beginning to consider seriously
the competition into which Germany and
the United States are entering with her, these
countries having in the last few years made gigantic
efforts and increased their output a hundredfold.
The coal-bearing territory in Spain is fully as
extensive as, if not more extensive than, that of
England, and the consumption of bituminous coal
in the former country has increased considerably
(from 3.284,892 tons in 1893 to 5,230.204 tons in
1903) ; yet the production of coal in Spain in 1903
did not exceed 2,974.239 tons, which means that
2.255,765 tons had to be imported that year instead
of being produced in Spain, which would
have greatly benefited the country.
This product being very abundant in Spain, and
constituting a necessary article of increasing consumption,
since it is the very basis of every industry,
the present situation seems almost to
acknowledge a deplorable organization of Spanish
industry, placing the country at the mercy of the
foreigners, on the fluctuation of whose market it
depends. The report of the league demonstrates
that the Spanish coasts, where the consumption
of coal is greatest, are at the mercy of importers.
as Spanish bituminous coal is unloaded solely on
interior markets, the transportation charges on
coal from German or English mines to coast ports
being lower than those from the mines of Astoria
and Leon.
NEW COAL ENTERPRISE.
Application has been made at Harrisburg for a
charter for the Kennerly Coal & Coke Co., a $1,-
000,000 corporation, whose main office is to be at
Johnstown, Pa., where at least half the capital
stock will be held. The new company proposes t'he
operation of 3,500 acres of coal land at Forwardstown
and Thomas Mill, in Somerset county. The
promoters also propose a trolley line to Bens
Creek, there to connect with the Johnstown Passenger
Railway Co.'s system. J. Blair Kennerly.
of Philadelphia, and H. H. Light, of Lebanon, are
among the promoters.
MAY BUILD BIG SMELTING PLANT.
Announcement is made at Terre Haute, Ind..
that the recent trip of prominent coal operators
through Indiana, ostensibly for sight-seeing, really
was for the purpose of selecting a site for a large
smelting plant. It is said that a plant will be
erected near W. S. Vogle's mine at Glendora.
The present plan is to build about 40 houses to
shelter the workmen while the plant is being
erected. The object in selecting a site at Glendora
is to have it in the center of the coal field and
to avoid excessive freight charges. There are
eight large mines within two miles of the proposed
site.
The operators said to be interested in the company
are: W. S. Vogle. Edward Shirkie, Hugh
Shirkie, Joseph Martin, H. H. Roseman, L. R.
Witty, C. W. Gilmore, J. Gilmore and G. W. Benjamin,
who represent Chicago interests, J. A.
Worley of Evansville, and the Jeffries Manufacturing
Co. of Columbus, O.
PRODUCTION OF COAL IN GERMANY.
The production of coal in Germany in 1903 was
116,664,000 metric tons; of lignite, or brown coal,
45.956.000 tons; of coke, 11,509.000 tons; and of
briquettes, 10,476.000 tons. There were imported,
chiefly from Great Britain for gas-making purposes
6,667,000 tons of coal, and. on the other hand,
17,388,000 tons were exported to the Netherlands,
Austria. Belgium. Switzerland and France. In
connection with this subject some very interesting
statistics, showing the relative output per capita
by the coal miners of different countries, have
just been published. It has been found that in
1901 the average yearly production per workman
in the principal coal mining countries was as
follows, the statistics being in metric tons: United
States, 548 tons: Upper Silesia, 327; Great
Britain, 292; Westphalia, 247; Saar district, 224;
Lower Silesia, 195; France, 197; Austria-Hungary,
167, and Belgium, 166. These differences, which
are so striking and important in the four principal
coal fields of Germany, point not so much to the
comparative efficiency of the workmen as to geological
peculiarities, the depth and thickness of
coal deposits, the presence of water and noxious
gases, and the difficulties which beset pumping
anil hoisting the product from the mine. But
when all is taken into account, the cost of coal at
the mine's mouth varies in close accord with the
output of the individual miner in the several fields.
The mining industry of Germany employs 480,000
persons, including some women and boys, and the
average individual earnings of the whole force in
1902 were $243.30.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
ECONOMY IN THE OPERATION OF COAL MINE POWER PLANTS.
By P. ('. WKBBB, M, E.. Pittsburgh.
Copyrighted by F. C. Weber, 1904.
The advantages of the Corliss type of steam
engine over that of any other type of slow speed
engine, have been universally recognized by the
engineering world for many years and when used
as the "power end" of an air compressor, it is
generally recognized that this combination produces
the highest type of air compressor. This
is especially true of the larger sizes of compressors.
This fact has long been taken advantage of in
the mining districts of South Africa, Michigan
and many others, where fuel cost is an important
item. Many of the mines at first acquired a number
of small compressors to supply their different
operations, which they replaced with larger Corliss
compressors soon, as the total capacity warranted
such a change. In many new mines to-day
Corliss compressors are the only type considered
from the start.
The more prominent eoal mines are now beginning
to place the proper value on this type of com
pressor, for the old-time heresy that "fuel costs
nothing and need not be considered" is rapidly
giving way to the more logical view that any
waste is a positive loss and what does the work
for one ought to do it for some one else, and
thereby yield its profits to the producer.
If one mining plant requires from 100 to 150 per
ecv,oo F>Lftre-I;
CZonPRRRTlVEL NSTRLLRTION COSTS or STFTFtlUr-tl- LlHC NoN-COtuL>rNS/fVG flryn C0HL/5S Ct^osS-
COMPOU/VD CoNDt/VJ/WG RtmT Cdm F*Ft£ 55 IN G F*J- H N T.5
cent, more coal than another for a given amount
of power, the mine is certainly sacrificing its
profit on the extra fuel burned, for the coal makes
just as good steam under the customer's boilers.
Again, if two to two and one-half times as much
coal is burned for a given amount of power, it
costs the mine $1.50 to $2.00, plus selling profit
on the fuel burned, for what they could obtain in
the more economical type of plant at 75 cents,
which is about the average cost per ton to the

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Tain th l •" '' thP "' b ° ilPrS - Th6n When t,lis « 0 »P^son is between the ordinary
a 1 rJ , eC ° n0mi ° al ty ' ,e of ^ squires straign. line type of compressor, commonly used
a laiger boiler plant to burn the extra coal to by most coal mines, and a cross-compound Corliss
*»NU*L Ore**T,NCi £KmCNiCi^..Hm^cfST^KHTLINt Ity Co„t.,ss C«o« CoHPOUM H,R Titers.
r.CW£B«lf MC NnnDj3rT.LL ConP-.nr.
keep up the steam, which means more firemen and
more repairs and more trouble with bad water.
CONDENSER.
ITEMS.
C/fpjRCiry iM Cujaic fter o'F-mtit Hi,
n reir MliSmlT£
STRAIGHT LINE COMPRESSOR
PLANT.
(Full Lines)
PLnTZ-Jt
CoflurtgUtlC Dy
3
T.CHttZ- >•
% 1
condensing two-stage air compressor, the relative
difference in economy is quite marked, even for
CORLISS COMPRESSOR PLANT.
(Dotted Lines)
Air pressure at receiver,
NON-CONDENSING.
CONDENSING.
pounds per square inch, 100 pounds
Steam pressure
100 pounds
Type of steam engine
Single cylinder
Type of steam valve gear Meyer Valve Gear
Type of air compressor
Single stage
Water rate, steam engine 35 lbs. per I.H.P. per hour.
I.H.P. per 100 cu. ft. free air. . 20% I.H.P
Type of boiler
Return tubular
Type of buildings
Wood structure
Foundations and piers
Concrete
Interest on investment
4 per cent
Depreciation and repairs 8 per cent
No. hours per year considered. 6,000 hours
Cost of coal at boilers
75c. to $1.00 per ton
Compressor capacity in free
100 pounds.
125-135 pounds.
Cross-compound cylinders.
I Corliss Valve Gear
Two stage.
15 lbs. per I.H.P. per hour.
17% I.H.P.
Water tube.
Wood and structural steel.
Concrete.
4 per cent.
6 per cent.
6,000 hours.
75c. to $1.00 per ton.
air per minute
1,500 to 11,000 cu. ft. 1,500 to 11,000 cu. ft.

machines of moderate capacities, and to show the
relation of these two types of compressor plants
to each other as regards complete installation
costs and operating expenses, the accompanying
diagrams were prepared.
As shown in plates I. and II. the free air capacity
of the two types of compressors is compared
with installation costs and operating expenses for
sizes from 1,500 to 11,000 cubic feet per minute.
The installation costs are close approximations to
actual costs and would meet general conditions
under which such plants are installed in different
parts of the country. The difference in first cost
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
made up in two years. At 5,01)0 cubic feet capacity
the difference is made up in one year with
coal at 75 cents per ton. Beyond this point there
is absolutely no question about the economy of the
Corliss type of compressor for the difference in
installation costs is a decreasing one and at 9.500
cubic feet capacity the installation cost of the
Corliss plant is less than that of the straight-line
compressor plant.
The straight-line plants tabulated here have
been favored in many respects for both types of
plants are considered as placed under one roof,
whereas the average straight-line plant of four to
TDtrrcnENcrs IN IHSTRLL/'TION COSTS RNJI ANNUML OPSHHTING £xpf«jfi Or SmnitiHT LINE HN-Q
Cnoss CoMPOuNii COFILISS Rm T^LHNTZ.
TC.WOlBTfl. ^NSSw.LTa
PLRTE M.
fyy.nfrlletl B,
renter ,,...
Cutlet X • ~0,J/.ree.c. ,. tn.tallat,.* Cat* oj Jttaijtlt Lit,. ••>« Carina Cre.s C.mF..r.et riant.. CC»r..,» Ct in o»li u^ To ?£J0 c.ft Caj.ae,Ty)
Diff.r.ne. In Opeeattna Erp.n.ta. Coal at JS f*' rem. Curve H * bee, hea Cot... £. ' ioao hr,
- ' Coal, .t loo per In, ' 2%' oooo ' I — iooa -
- • C.al at ta. per Tor,. ' C'booo ' G '3ooo •
' * - • C.al at o.. y' Ton " £J-t,aoo • ' H'Cooo •
DTrcRCLNCCS IN /NSTftLLrlTION COSTS ~ Utrrti Fy C NCCS llN RlVN OPZFttirtNC £>\PCNSt2 6
and operating expenses between the two types is
shown in plate III.
The operating expenses are based on 6,000 hours
work per year and the price of coal is taken at
75 cents, $1.00, $2.00 and $3.00 per ton. The last
two costs are intended for mines other than coal
mines. The conditions assumed in these calculations
are such as obtain in general practice and
are as shown in table on the preceding page.
From a study of the results it is apparent that
the Corliss compressor has a legitimate field in
the coal mine, for even wth capacities as low as
2,500 cubic feet, the difference in installation is
six machines has at least three to four buildings
and separate engineers and firemen.
Aside from its economic advantages, the Corliss
compressor possesses mechanical advantages over
the other type that recommend it. It has a
higher mechanical efficiency, or less friction, its
volumetric efficiency is higher, the inlet air is
cooler, the lubrication is better, the maximum
strains are lower and resistance is more uniform
and its life is longer. The regulation is automatic
and is effected through the governor on the
cut-off mechanism of the valve gear.
It is generally possible to place the power plant

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
near a stream so that condensing water can be
used; if the stream is not a large one. provision
for damming the water can be made at comparatively
low cost, so that the condensing water can
be used over and over.
As to the advisability of replacing existing line
plants with a Corliss plant, the present value of
the old plant deducted from that of a new Corliss
plant will represent an investment that can yield
ample returns through coal saved such as to easily
warrant the change. The boilers need not be
changed for better types until worn out.
MEETING OF THE WESTERN
PENNSYLVANIA MINING INSTITUTE.
The annual meeting of the Western Pennsylvania
Mining Institute was held at Pittsburgh on
December 20 and 21. At the first afternoon session
papers were read by H. H. Hubble, of Newark,
N. J., on "Electricity applied to mining" and by
H. H. Stoek, editor of "Mines and Minerals," on
the "preparation of anthracite coal." Mr. Stoek's
lecture was illustrated with stereopticon views.
Following these papers an informal discussion
bearing on the economy of mine timbering was
held.
At the second-day sessions papers were read by
William F. Affelder, superintendent of the Mosgrove
coal works, on "Box Car Loaders," and by
Thomas A. Jackson, of Oliver, Pa., on "Coal Dust."
Mr. Affelder had a working model showing how
box ear loading could be done at a saving over
the present means employed. Mr. Jackson demonstrated
the manifold dangers arising from coal
dust in mines, no matter what kind of coal was
being mined. The best method of eliminating
dangers of this kind, he said, was to install a
series of pipe lines with perforated branches so
that all dust and dry places in the mines could be
sprinkled. The discussions that followed brought
out many plans for doing away with the danger
from this source.
The final topic for general discussion was the
question of considering topographical conditions
in the removal of ribs and pillars from coal mines.
Robert W. Johnson, of the Ottumwa Box Car
Loader Co., attended the sessions of the institute
and exhibited a perfect working model of the Ottumwa
loader.
At the business session of the institute all the
old officers were re-elected as follows:
President. Frederick C. Keighley, Uniontown;
John Britt, Sturgeon, Pa.; editor, Frederick C.
Keighley, I'niontown.
The following new members of the institute were
elected: Thomas W. Dawson, Uniontown, Pa.;
J. W. Campbell, Leckrone, Pa.; Albert Swift, Masontown,
Pa.; A. P. King, Edenborn, Pa.; E. E.
Girard, Adah, Pa.; George A. Williams, W. W.
Keefer, John H. .Jones and J. M. Armstrong, Pittsburgh;
R. B. McDowell, Wilkinsburg; Helton
Thorntee, Rockwood, Pa.; H. C. Hubbell, Newark,
N. P., and I. Baum, Uniontown, Pa. The members
of the institute wun Lite new members elected
now number over 300.
THE READING'S MONTHLY STATEMENT.
The monthly statement of the Reading company,
giving the operations for the Philadelphia & Reading
Railway Co. and the Philadelphia & Reading
Coal & Iron Co. for the month of November, shows
the following results:
Railroad company—Receipts, $3,135,857; increase
compared with same month last year, $376,-
647; net earnings, $1,681,669, increase, $624,667.
Coal company—Receipts, $3,391,225, increase,
$996,157; net earnings, $317,841, increase, $159,353.
Receipts of the railroad company for the first
five months of the present fiscal year, $14,969,663,
an increase of $93,226 compared with the corresponding
period of the previous fiscal year; net
earnings, $7,114,253, increase, $1,230,259.
Receipts for the first five months of the present
fiscal year of the coal company were $13,205,561,
an increase of $391,406; net earnings, $878,674, a
decrease of $304,213.
More Coal Land For The Wabash.
Representatives of the Wabash interests recently
bought about 40,000 acres of coal lands lying in
the Buckhannon and Northern railroad district.
This tract, added to what had already been purchased,
gives the company about 100,000 acres of
coal lands in Southern Pennsylvania and Northern
West Virginia. This last tract was purchased
from J. V. Thompson, of Uniontown, Pa.
One-Way Settlers' Fares to South and Southeast.
One-way excursion tickets to points in Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and
Virginia, account Settlers' Excursions, will be sold
from all ticket stations on the Pennsylvania Lines,
vice-presidents, William L. Affelder, Mosgrove, Pa.; during December, January, February, March and
L. L. Logan, Robertdale, Pa.; and Joseph Simp­ April. For full particulars consult J. K. Dillon,
son, New York; secretary and treasurer, I. G. District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building, Pitts­
Roby, Uniontown; auditors. Thomas Hall and burgh, Pa.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
TEXT OF DELAYED WAGE AGREEMENT IN in no case shall entry miners be allowed more cars
THE ZANESVILLE-COSHOCTON DIS­ per day than room miners, and at least once each
TRICT OF OHIO.
two weeks the turn shall be made uniform for the
time previously worked. If, however, the regular
Adjusted and fixed by and between the Ohio turn will not allow cars enough to drive the en­
state officials of the United Mine Workers of tries as fast as desired, the operators shall increase
America and the operators of the district composed
of Muskingum and that part of Perry county
the number of miners in each entry so that by
giving to each the regular turn the entries shall
known as the Crooksville district and the low coal be driven as fast as two miners coulcl drfve them
fields on the B. & 0. railroad North of Shawnee, at full work. If, however, the room men decline
by their duly authorized representatives, at Zanes­ to take their place in the entries when requested
ville, O., on September 9, 1904, based upon the to do so by the operators, then the entry men
general scale adopted at the joint interstate con­ shall have no free turns until the entries are
vention held in the city of Indianapolis, Ind., driven the required length; nothing in the fore­
March 21, 1904.
going to prevent fast turns.
It is hereby covenanted and agreed that during 7. The checking off for the United Mine Work­
the ensuing scale term, i. e.. from April 1, 1904, ers' organization shall remain in force and be
to March 31, 1906, the prices and rules in the dis­ observed; same to be checked off by per cent, of
trict above named shall be as follows:
earnings. This is to include all dues and assess­
1. Eight hours shall constitute a day's work ments for the organization.
and all mines may operate six days per week. An 8. Machine men are required to cut coal level
eight-hour day means eight hours' work in the and close to bottom and in no case shall thickness
mine at usual working places for all classes of of bottom exceed 4 inches, except where first au­
inside day labor. This shall be exclusive of the thorized by mine superintendent or mine boss, and
time required in reaching such working places in all machine men leaving more bottom than the
the morning and departing from same at night. amount specified without this authority must lift
Regarding drivers, they shall take their mules to the same, or it will be lifted at their expense.
and from the stables, and the time required in so All bottom not exceeding 4 inches shall be lifted
doing shall not include any part of the day's labor, by miner, and all unsalable coal and impurities
their work beginning when they reach the change removed therefrom and thrown back, except under
at which they receive empty cars, but in no case extraordinary conditions. Where mine boss and
shall the driver's time be docked while he is wait­ miner or mine boss and mine committee agree
ing for such cars at the point named.
that this bottom is extraordinarily sulphurous or
2. Operators are to have water out of working impure, the miner shall receive extra compensa­
places at starting time or pay miner fair price for tion, to be agreed to by miner or mine committee
so doing, price to be fixed by miner and mine boss; and mine boss, or the bottom shall be taken care
if they fail to agree, to be settled by mine com­ of by the company. Where it is necessary to leave
mittee and mine boss. When water is bailed in a greater thickness owing to the impurities, the
barrels by miner, 5 cents per barrel shall be paid. same shall be taken care of by the company.
3. In cases of bone coal and slate coming down In case of sprags being left by machine man, he
unavoidably in working places, it shall be removed shall be notified by loader, and if he refuses to re­
by the operator, or the miner shall be paid at move the same, the loader shall remove the sprag
rate of inside day labor for so doing when first and be allowed 50 cents for so doing, said amount
authorized by mine boss. This rule not to apply to be deducted from the machine runner. Where
in cases where it is determined that the bone coal any machine runner leaves six or more sprags in
or slate comes down through carelessness or negli­ any one pay. he shall be removed from machine
gence of miner.
and his services disposed of as deemed best by fhe
4. The price to be paid for clay veins, rolls in superintendent of the mine.
bottom or horsebacks shall be determined between 9. The company shall provide shields for cover­
loader or miner and mine boss. If they fail to ing cutter head of machines. The machine man
agree price to be settled by mine committee and shall be required to remove the bits from the chain
mine boss.
or cutter head, or place shield over cutter head,
5. The check off on account of pick sharpening to make the machine safe to be moved. Any ma­
at all mines where the company does the sharpenchine man failing to carry out this rule may be
ing shall be \y2 cents on each dollar of gross earn­ removed from machine without question.
ings earned by miner.
10. No stoppage shall take place at any mine
6. There shall be no free turns allowed to either on account of any grievance until the matter has
rooms or entries. The entries shall be driven as been presented to the mine boss and superintend­
fast as operators desire or conditions permit, but ent, and an opportunity for adjustment permitted;

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and failing to adjust, then the matter shall be throughs in rooms after the first cut of machine
referred to miners' officials and operators. is loaded out.
11. All machine loaders shall be accorded two 22. In break-throughs between rooms all over
rooms for each two men, and the operators pledge IS feet shall be paid entry price.
themselves to provide two rooms for two men at 23. For break-throughs between rooms the
the earliest possible moment, but in the event of loader shall not be given narrow checks, but the
territory becoming scarce, through a squeeze or narrow coal shall be estimated by mine boss and
striking a horseback, or any other unavoidable miner.
obstacle, this shall not be construed so as to di- DAY LABOR—INSIDE.
minish the output of the mine. Tracklayers, per day $2.42
12. Where a miner is required in any entry to Tracklayers' helpers, per day 2.23
make height above top of rail 5 feet, 30 cents per Drivers, per day 2.42
yard shall be paid for shooting and loading bone Rope riders, per day 2.42
coal, 15 cents per yard shall be paid for shooting Trappers, per day 1.065
and loading black band when same exists, and 30 Bottom cagers, per day 2.42
cents per yard shall be paid for shooting and load- Water haulers and machine haulers, per day 2.42
ing rock. Where black band does not existT 45 Timbermen, per day 2.42
cents per yard shall be paid for shooting and load- Pipe men for compressed air plants, per day 2.36
ing rock. When this yardage is paid the price for Wiremen, per day 2.42
loading coal shall not include bone coal price. Motormen, per day 2.42
13. All work 18 feet and under shall be entry All other inside day labor, per day 2.23
price. Where rooms have to be cut under 24 feet DAY LAROR—OUTSIDE.
wide and over 18 feet, the same shall be paid for Tne I0nowjng shall be the minimum base for
at 3 cents per ton extra to loader Machinery run- outside labor:
ners to receive entry price. Not to effect pillars Blacksmith, per day $2.42
or entries. Slabs to be left to men and mine boss. Blacksmith helper, per day 1.86
14. The company shall be permitted to put two Trimmers, per day 2.125
men in entries to cut and load coal and move their Carpenters, per day 2.125
own machines where necessary or isolated. MACHINE.
15. When a loader has once placed bone coal Cutting with chain machines, wide work...$ .15
posts in his room it shall be the duty of the ma- Cutting with chain machines, narrow work. .18
chine runners to properly replace any bone coal Loading, shooting and drilling in rooms 48
posts removed by them. Loading, shooting and drilling in narrow
16. Day men are to do whatever work about work 5914
mine the management may require, so long as they Room turning, cutter and loader Entry price
are paid scale price for the work. Break-throughs between rooms, loader, per
17. Where a miner absents himself from duty ton 55 7-10
for two days or more, except on account of sick- Break-throughs between rooms where bone
ness, without giving advance notice to the mine coal is taken down, loader, per ton.... 59 7-10
boss or mine superintendent when possible, he for- Break-throughs between entries Entry price
feits his position. Shooting and taking care of bone coal over
Where a machine runner or any employe upon roadways, per ton 04
whose work other employes of the mine are de- Double shift entries and breakthroughs bependent
absents himself from duty without giving tween entries, per yard 27%
advance notice when possible to the mine boss, he All labor above enumerated, now receiving more
forfeits his position. than the prices above stated per day, shall be re-
18. The company has the right to report daily duced ( Vj) one-half the advance made April 1,
tonnage in even tons and carry odd hundred 1903.
weights forward to weigh sheet for following day. All outside labor, not enumerated in the above
the odd hundred weights to be paid for when man scale, shall be reduced (Vo) one-half the advance
leaves the employ of the company. paid April 1, 1903.
19. Operators shall be permitted to require reg- Engineers' and firemen's wages to be reduced
ular machine runners to cut on idle days in case of ( u2) one-half the advance of April 1, 1903, with
break down, unavoidable accidents, or four places present conditions.
being out of cutting in any one territory. All present outside day labor not satisfied with
20. Machine loaders shall not be charged for the wages to be paid according to this scale shall
blacksmithing. be given an average place in the mines.
21. A turn-rail shall be laid in all break- In behalf of miners: R. F. Wallace, A. L. Pen-

od, J. A. Baughman, W. W. Driggs, J. ri. Gordon,
A. C. Smith. D. H. Sullivan, W. H. Haskins, Wm.
Green, G. W. Savage.
In behalf of operators: The Zanesville Coal Co.,
by 0. F. McKinney, president; J. M. Roan; Geo.
M. Jones; W. A. Gosline, Jr.; J. H. Opperman;
A. B. Dawson; The Kennon Coal & Mining Co., by
R. T. Price, general manager.
T. M. Davies, W. L. Timmons, secretaries.
THE MOVEMENT OF RIVER COAL.
With the south greatly in need of fuel and the
Monongahela valley miners in want of employment,
as a result of the long drought, the effort to run
out coal on the Ohio river was accompanied by
accident and loss. The high wind that ushered in
the cold wave caused all of the trouble. Haste was
necessary to take advantage of the providential
rise in the rivers, the lower temperature threatening
to cut off the water supply before the shipment
could be started.
These facts afford an irrefutable argument as to
the duty of the government to improve the Ohio
river. If that stream were permanently navigable
for coal craft the consumers throughout the south
and southwest and the producers in Pennsylvania
and West Virginia would not be dependent upon
the vagaries of the weather to meet each other to
their mutual advantage. There would never be
any necessity for starting coal tows in the teeth of
a gale, inviting disaster to the shipping interest
and disappointment to coal users down the rivers.
With these hazards removed the price of coal
would be lowered to consumers; industry would be
placed on a more certain basis and loss of productive
energy avoided. This improvement ought
not to be delayed a moment beyond the time essential
to its accomplishment.
The net results of the timely rise in the Ohio
were the shipment of some 8,000,000 bushels of
Pittsburgh coal, and about 5,000,000 bushels from
the Kanawha region. The advance guard left
Pittsburgh on December 28, on which date 3,000,-
000 bushels were started. The start from the
Kanawha was necessarily later. It was estimated
that but little of the Pittsburgh coal would go beyond
Louisville, the demand between that point
and Cincinnati being sufficient to absorb the entire
shipment. As might have been expected under the
circumstances, there were many casualties during
the run, particularly to the Pittsburgh fleet. The
conditions were unfavorable in the extreme and
the showing, on the whole, was not a bad one. The
most serious wreck was that on December 29, of
nearly the entire tow of the steamer Crescent of
the Peoples Coal Co., at Merriman. The channel
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
at that point was closed, as a result of the coal fleet
striking the lock walls at dam No. 2, in the Ohio
river. The Crescent had in tow a fleet of seven
coal boats and one barge and in making the locks
the fleet jammed into the lock walls, breaking six
coal boats to pieces.
Four pieces of the wreck sank near White's riffle
and two coal boats went on the dam and broke up.
The fleet carried about 180,000 bushels of coal and"
all is lost except one coal boat and a barge containing
about 32,000 bushels of coal, which were saved.
As soon as possible the wreckage was blown out
and the boats delayed by the accident continued on
their way. The other accidents incident to the run
will be found elsewhere.
C. JUTTE CS, CO., OF PITTSBURGH.
Work is nearing completion on the big modern
elevator at New Orleans for C. Jutte & Co. of
Pittsburgh. This plant will have a loading capacity
of 5,000 tons a day and is costing about
$150,000. It is electrically equipped and lighted.
The Jutte interests have purchased the tug Independence
from New York owners to handle its
traffic in and out of New Orleans harbor. She is
a modern craft and the purchase price was about
$80,000. The Peoples Coal Co., controlled by the
Jutte interests, has plans ready for making railway
connection from the Pike mine at Brownsville,
Pa., the output of which has heretofore been
handled on the river. A double steel tipple will
be erected and connections will be made with the
Pennsylvania and P. & L. E. railroads. This plant
is expected to put out on an average of 2.500 tons
a day for railway shipment.
Big Order For Steel Coal Cars.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has ordered from the
American Car & Foundry Co. 2,000 steel coal cars.
Delivery is to be made from March 1 to July 15.
Of the cars 600 are intended expressly for the use
of the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co. The cars are to have a normal capacity
of 90,000 pounds with an overload capacity up to
100,000 pounds.
Shawmut Company Taking Up Coal Options.
Agents for the Pittsburgh & Shawmut Co. are
taking up the coal rights on 5,000 acres situated
between Clinton and Freeport on the West side of
the Allegheny river. The coal is said to be among
the finest along the river and it believed that
when this tract is taken up the Shawmut company
will at once consider the extension of its railroad
to the newly acquired territory.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
Transportation continues to be the dominant
fjactor in the coal trade, although labor and
weather are exerting considerable influence. The
car shortage continues to be general, with little
likelihood of material improvement. The reopening
of the Ohio and its tributaries to navigation
will give the Southern market badly needed
relief. The weather conditions which made this
possible also relieved the water shortage in Pennsylvania,
Ohio and West Virginia. The cold
weather following the general rains was spread
over a wide area. It interfered to some extent
with rail transportation and had a visible effect
on the demand for domestic coal. This was particularly
the case in the Western market where
some briskness has been infused into the sluggish
situation prevailing for some time past. The
scarcity of labor is becoming an important consideration
to the coal trade, reports from all sections
showing that it is being felt to a considerable
extent. It is becoming a serious drawback to increased
production in the Connellsville coke region,
the operators, despite extraordinary efforts,
having exhausted the available supply. The same
condition prevails in a somewhat less degree
throughout Ohio, West Virginia and Western
Pennsylvania. In the Pittsburgh district the
car shortage is estimated at about 25 per cent.
The efficiency of the railroads in handling the
cars supplied is diminished from the normal to
the same extent. There is, however, no serious
shortage of coal, but the facilities are barely equal
to the current demand. This is somewhat
heavier than it should have been owing to the
failure of the railroads and the dealers in domestic
sizes to stock up during the summer. In the
extreme South there has been some improvement
in conditions. The car supply is reported to be
somewhat better and in both the Tennessee and
Alabama fields the production has been large despite
the continuance of the strike of the union
miners. In the Southwest the recent severe
weather conditions quickly converted the dull
market into one of considerable activity, but the
apprehension that a continuance of blizzard conditions
might seriously affect the supply has been
relieved by milder weather. Pittsburgh prices
have not changed materially in the last fortnight.
run-of-mine coal being quoted at $1.00 to $1.15
per ton.
There has been a further strengthening in the
prices of coke, furnace coke for the first half of
the year now commanding $2.50 to $2.60 and
»¥»¥¥»¥»¥¥¥»¥»**»»»»»»»»»»»»»»«
foundry $2.75 to $2.90. In view of a possible
serious diminution in production during the first
half of January, on account of the custom of the
very large element of Eastern European workmen
to exact holiday vacations during their Christmas
and New Year season, which by their calendar
comes at this time, both furnace and foundry coke
for spot delivery are being held as high as $3.00
in some quarters. The weekly production now
approximates 280.000 tons, this figure including
the Masontown field.
The Atlantic seaboard soft coal trade shows a
heavy demand, a very short supply, and advancing
prices. In New England the scarcity of water
for power has created more demand for coal. The
car supply in the last two weeks has been dwindling
on all the roads, and the recent heavy weather
has interfered with traffic. At the mines the car
supply is practically exhausted, and coal in transit
is stalled to some extent. Frost has also
stimulated the demand for coal, with the result
that prices on the lowest grades are now $2.75@$3,
and it is said that the ordinary steam coals are
quoted at $3@$3.50, f. o. b. New York harbor shipping
ports, although none is to be had. Trade
in the far East is calling for considerable coal,
notwithstanding the fact that supplies had been
laid in early in the summer when deliveries could
be made freely. Along the Sound business is
very active, but only small quantities of coal can
be had. At New York harbor requests are urgent.
In the coastwise market vessels are in fair supply,
but lack of coal has made the demand small.
From Philadelphia rates are 70c. to Boston, Salem
and Portland; 75c. to Portsmouth and Bath; 60c.
to Providence, New Bedford and the Sound.
The demand for anthracite shows a steady increase
but tidewater deliveries have been interfered
with as a result of the meagre supply of
cars and interruptions in transit due to severe
weather. Production at the mines was rushed
prior to holiday week in order to meet the loss
due to the custom of the miners of taking a holiday
from Christmas to New Year's. This vacation,
however, was not so general this year as
heretofore, and had no great effect on supplies except
in spots. The embargo on shipments to
New England by all-rail is continued. The situation
of affairs on the New York, New Haven &
Hartford lines is serious, and freight seems to be
tied up indefinitely. The reason for this em-

argo by the roads running to the Hudson river
has been the long delay in getting cars returned.
To add to the difficulties in the New England
trade, the coastwise traffic has been interrupted
by storms. Quite a number of coal-loaded schooners
are reported wrecked or damaged. This is especially
the case with vessels bound for Cape Cod
and beyond. In Chicago and other Western territory
the demand has been improved by the cold
weather, but there is delay in shipments and deliveries
of coal, owing to short supply of cars, and
snow on the railroads. New York harbor trade
is steady, the only change being an increased demand
for steam sizes, which tends to improve the
market. Prices continue unchanged.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
that the tone of the market maintains a
steady position with the following quotations:
Best Welsh steam coal, $3.48; seconds, $3.30;
thirds, $3.12; dry coals, $3.18; best Monmouthshire,
$3.06; seconds, $3.00; best small steam coal,
$1.92; seconds. $1.80; other sorts, $1.68.
Andrew Carnegie, in his paper before the National
Civic Federation said, in discussing the
strike question: "I am told that a contractor
building a residence in New York employs men
from no less than 38 different trades unions. In
recent years one or more of these have been constantly
at war. Seldom are the 38 all enjoying
industrial peace. Saddest of all sights, it is often
against each otner, union against union, that war
is waged. Union fighting must surely give the
great fiend exhilarating rapture."
* * *
R. S. Dorough, a deputy sheriff stationed at
the Sloss-Sheffield Co.'s mines at Blossburg, Ala., at
which there has been a strike for several months,
was decoyed into an ambush and seriously
wounded, presumably by striking miners, who were
armed with shotguns. Both the company and the
state government have offered rewards for the
arrest and conviction of the perpetrators of the
outrage.
* * *
Sixty foreign miners have been sent from
Uniontown, Pa., to the Leiter mines at Ziegler,
111. It is said the men were given extra inducements
and promised steady work. Joseph Leiter
has announced that he has 300 men at work and
that he is having no trouble obtaining men as
fast as they are needed.
* • •
The strike of the miners at the Century Coal
plant at Tower Hill, 111., involving 300 men, has
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
been settled by a committee consisting of state
officials, the United Mine Workers of America and
the coal company. The operators agreed to pay
the Pana scale.
* * *
The strike of the Tennessee union coal miners
and mine employes has continued over six months.
The employing companies involved have largely
resumed operations on the open-shop basis but the
strikers continue to hold out in the face of certain
defeat.
* * *
The last weekly report of M. B. Evans, who is
organizing the miners and coke workers of the
Connellsville field, shows that four locals have
been chartered and that the organization in the
coke fields now has a membership of 5,000.
* * *
Hundreds of miners are returning to Long Run
and Ramsey, in the lower part of Jefferson county,
O. The abandoned mines there are to be reopened
and fully 500 men will be employed during the rest
of the winter.
* * *
The one hundred and forty miners employed at
the mine of the Pultney Coal Co., at their mine
South of Bellaire, O.. struck because their employers
refused to admit a new check weighman to
the tipple.
* * *
Several of the coal mines of the Sharon Coal &
Limestone Co. at Leesburg and Slipery Rock, Pa.,
have resumed operations after a shutdown of
nearly a year.
SOO CANAL REPORT.
The total traffic through the Sault Ste. Marie
canal for the season of 1904 was 31,546.106 tons
as against 34,674,437 tons for 1903, 35,961,146 tons
for 1902, which was the highest on record, and
28,403,065 tons for 1901. The commerce of 1904,
therefore, shows a decrease of 3,128,331 tons as
compared with 1903 and 4,415,040 tons as compared
with 1902. It shows, however, an increase
of 3,103,041 tons as compared with 1901, which
distributed over the three years that have elapsed
since 1901, would mean an increase of 1,000,000
tons per annum. Considering the brevity of the
lake season of 1904, the showing is regarded as a
good one. The figures on coal passing through
the canal are as follows:
1902. 1903. 1904.
Anthracite, net tons. 309,948 1,149,005 991,228
Bituminous, net tons.4,502.530 5,7SS,628 5,463,641
Totals 4,812,478 6,937,633 6,454,869

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The core shown in the accompanying photograph was cut at Willis Branch, Fayette county,
W. Va. It measures 7 feet 2 inches in diameter and was taken from a depth of over 650 feet
from the surface. The drill that cut this core, without using black diamonds, was a Davis Calyx,
which uses chilled shot, fed through the drill rods. Owing to its construction it can penetrate
any formation either hard or soft.
CALENDARS.
Intrinsic beauty and artistic merit in the typography
and illustration of commercial literature
is no novelty, but this year's holiday productions
and particularly the calendars received by THE
COAL TRADE BULLETIN, deserve credit for superior
excellence. Lack of space prevents the individual
acknowledgment of all the handsome calendars
received.
An especially handsome and elaborate calendar
is that of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. The calendar
itself, which comprises only a small part of the
production, covers two-thirds of the front page
and is surrounded by an ornamental border showing
the flags of all nations. The second leaf contains
an up-to-date map of Pennsylvania and a
large amount of statistical information. The two
remaining sheets carry separate maps of the
United States and its possessions and of the
world, together with valuable tables of statistics
and general information.
The Morgan-Gardner Electric Co. of Chicago, has
issued a calendar the groundwork of which is
from the painting of the Old Mill at Bray. It is
in black and white and is extremely pleasing in
effect.
The calendar of the Wagner-Palmros Co. of
Fairmont, W. Va., is an artistic production in
colors, the conception of which reflects credit on
the designer.
An odd but attractive Christmas card is that
issued by the New Pittsburgh Coal Co. It accompanied
a circular announcing the original billing
places of genuine thick-vein Hocking coal, and
guaranteeing the genuineness of any coal billed by
the company or its agencies.
It is announced at Birmingham, England, that
Japanese agents have arranged nine more contracts
for Welsh coal, aggregating 30,000 tons, for
shipment during January. The agents have also
inquired for a similar quantity for shipment by
the end of March, it is said.

Among the holiday news in the daily press frequent
mention was made of dividends and presents
to workmen employed under profit-sharing and
co-operative systems. Such news comes as a welcome
change from the all too frequent reports of
differences between employers and employes.
Unions and even strikes sometimes help workmen
to improve their condition, but nothing can give
the peace, security from injustice and general
satisfaction to either capital or labor that the
"community of interest" idea is gradually but
surely extending.
— o —
The socialist element which created a stir at the
Federation of Labor convention at San Francisco
by attacking Samuel Gompers and John Mitchell,
is now loudly asserting that it will cause the
downfall of both a year hence. Small wonder
that the impression is gaining ground that the
miners' organization and other big elements of the
federation, as well as that body itself, are in a
fatal decline.
— o —
The British admiralty has "discovered" that coal
submerged in salt water generates steam more
quickly and maintains a higher pressure. The discovery
is about a half century old on this side of
the Atlantic and the figures and details which the
advices say the admiralty is keeping back for the
present can be obtained from American engineers
wherever they are within touch with American
salt water.
— o —
The conflict at Ziegler, 111., seems to have been
an exact parallel of the first month or so of the
Spanish-American war operations in Cuba, if tlie
casualty lists may be taken as a basis for deductions.
With all the tremendous expenditure of
ammunition and military energy, the total of the
slain in each case was one mule.
— o —
Mr. Carnegie's advice to corporations to steer
clear of replacing striking workmen with new men
is worthy of profound consideration. His experience
with the subject is far beyond that of any
other living man.
Colonial's Capital Decreased.
At a meeting of the stockholders of the Colonial
Coal & Coke Co. in Pittsburgh, on December 20.
at which 82 per cent, of the stockholders were
present, it was decided to reduce the capital from
$2,000,000 to $1,250,000. This action was taken
on the ground that as the main projects of the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
company had been attended to, so high a capitalization
was not necessary. The company controls
the Glen Easton Coal Co. and the Moundsville
plants, also large holdings of coke and coal properties
in the Ligonier valley. At the latter place
50 coke ovens are in course of construction.
NEW YORK COAL MERCHANTS MEETING.
The annual meeting of the New York Coal Mer­
chants' Association for the purpose of receiving
the report of the executive committee and that of
the commissioner, which was made a part of it,
proved to be of unusual interest as showing the
results accomplished by the association the past
year. The report of Commissioner J. Samuel
Smoot shows that one of the greatest accomplishments
during the year was the concession from the
New York Fire Insurance Exchange of a reduction
in fire insurance rates of about one-half the cost
which formerly obtained.
The amount of data compiled in connection with
this work necessary to satisfy the insurance companies
developed many facts and figures of great
interest to the trade. There are in Manhattan
and the Bronx, including also the Jersey City dealers
delivering in New York City, 165 dealers, of
which 125 are members of the association, and
only six of the remaining ones can be considered
as factors in the competition for trade, the others
doing merely a peddling business. The stocks
of coal in dealers' yards, including anthracite and
bituminous on November 15, this year, when the
figures were completed, showed a total tonnage of
421,937 tons, of which 40S.156 tons was anthracite
and 13,781 tons soft coal. This includes
Astoria. L. I., and the Jersey City yards, delivering
to New York, the latter carrying only 38,930
tons. Manhattan and the Bronx had in stock
195,266 tons of anthracite and 6,718 tons of bituminous;
Brooklyn had 181,023 tons, of which 5,843
were soft coal. The average, therefore, of bituminous
to anthracite in the entire metropolitan
district is only 3.38 per cent.
The report also states that the shipping capacity
of New York harbor, from the Amboys to Weehawken
and Edgewater is 75,000 tons daily. The
consumption of coal for domestic purposes is estimated
at 3,000,000 tons of domestic and 5,000,000
tons of the anthracite small sizes, and bituminous
coal for steam purposes, while the consumption of
the other boroughs, including Jersey City, brings
it up to about 14,000,000 tons. One of the strong
features of the association is its collection department,
which has made an excellent record during
the year, rather indicating that credits are improving
in this city.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Gibb Mount Coal & Coke Co., Glade, W. Va.;
capital, $1,000,000; incorporators, Alfred T. Domson,
Henry P. Elverdell, John B. Summerfield,
Robert P. Barry, Jr., and Samuel B. Lawrence, all
of New York City.
1
The Red Rock Fuel Co., Fairmont, W. Va.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, William M. Kitzmiller,
Frank R. Crisling, James McMullen, Walter C.
Harris and Henry S. Deniger, Jr., all of Philadelphia.
i
Rankin Coal Co., Ashland, Ky.; capital, 100,000;
incorporators, W. F. Hite, Huntington, W. Va.;
John C. C. Mayo, Paintsville, Ky.; John F. Hager,
S. S. Willis and A. M. Kelly, of Ashland, Ky.
1
The St. Paul Coal Co., Bluefield, W. Va.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators: Robert E. Shirley, William
S. Fautz, Andrew J. Heme, H. Archer Mitchell
and H. I. Shott, all of Bluefield, W. Va.
—+—
Hines Coal Co., Indiana county, Pa.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, Henry Hanst, Fred. R. Long,
James W. Birch, James E. Wilkinson, Philadelphia;
J. Edgar Long, Mitchells Mills.
—+—
The Heilwood Coal Co., Heilwood, Pa.; capital,
V-J,000; incorporators, Fred Humphries, R. Long,
Stewart Frazer, Edward I. Humphries, A. J. Rapp,
J. E. Wilkinson, Philadelphia.
h—
C. W. Jackson Coal & Coke Co., Chicago; capital
$25,000; incorporators: Charles W. Jackson, Homer
L. Kraft, Edward T. Wrya, Percival H. Truman,
Frederick G. Fisher, Chicago.
— I —
Dalton Run Coal Co.; capital, $25,000; incorporators:
M. B. Courtright, Philadelphia; Wm. M.
Kimball, Wm. M. Smith, John E. Evans, Ebensburg,
R. F. Notley, Hastings.
Canaan Coal Co., Athens, O.; capital, $500,000;
incorporators, John W. Boileau, Charles O. Brown,
Lewis V. Brown, Blanche A. Jones and John E.
Jones.
1
Number Ten Coal Mining Co.; capital, $5,000;
incorporators: Roy A. Hatfield, Alfred J. Major,
Philadelphia; Joshua A. Hatfield, New York.
—+—
The Allegheny Co., Camden, N. J., to develop
coal or iron land; capital, $12,000; incorporators,
W. C. Jutte, J. J. Gilchrist and S. R. Ridgely.
—+—
Great Lakes & Middle West Coal Co., Portland,
Maine; capital, $10,000; incorporators: K. S.
Harris, H. P. Sweetesers, M. G. Connellan.
—+—
Manhattan Coal Briquette Co., New York City;
capital, $75,000; incorporators, Davis Gumbinere,
Herbert Levenson and Bernard Nevelson.
h—
Showalter Oil, Coal & Gas Co., Phoenix, Ariz.;
capital, $2,000,000; incorporators, J. B. F. Showalter,
Melven Edwards and E. N. Burr.
1
Emory River Coal Co., Atlanta, Ga.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators: W. S. Wood, A. H. Wood,
George P. Howard and A. J. Howard.
1
Illinois-Big Muddy Coal Co., Washington, D. C;
capital, $15,000; incorporators: R. E. Campbell,
H. C. Campbell and C. W. Embrey.
1
Jones-Cook Coal Co., Youngstown, O.; incorporators,
Gordon Cook, J. C. Jones, M. E. Ready, D. M.
Lidle, M. S. Cook; capital, 15.000.
— H —
Royal Coal & Coke Co., Uniontown, Pa.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators: Harry C. Price. Howard J.
Lyons, Jos. O. Roe, Uniontown.
—+—
Maritime Coal Co., Washington, D. C; capital,
$15,000,000; incorporators, George M. Torrence,
Kent Coal Co.; capital, $500,000; incorporators: Frank Hibl and J. C. Hiatt.
Robt. W. Cassatt, M. A. Donnelly, A. V. Allen,
Philadelphia; Marcus W. Saxman, Latrobe; Lloyd
B. Huff, Greensburg.
1
Como Coal Co.. Como, Texas; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, J. F. Smith. Theodore Collins, E. P.
—+—
Winters' Coal Co., Bartonville, 111.; capital $90,-
000; incorporators: S. P. Winters, John Noeland,
Frederick Stamerjohann.
—+—
McGarity. W. H. Artier, M. L. Tarien, E. R. Crone Spadra Coal Co., Spadra, Ark.; capital, $20,000;
and J. J. Mills.
incorporators, L. T. McRae, R. H. McKennon and
h~
McKown Coal Co., Botobay Harbor, Maine; capi­
C. H. Langford.
—+—
tal, $10,000; incorporators: C. A. Baker, J. C. Mc­ Monarch Coke & Coal Co.; incorporators: Howard
Kown, M. D. McKown, J. N. Albee and E. S. Mc­ J. Lyons. Harry C. Price, Wm. W. Parshall, Union-
Kown.
town.

MEETING OF ILLINOIS OPERATORS.
The Coal Operators' Association of Illinois held
its seventh annual meeting at Chicago during the
week prior to Christmas. The proceedings of
the meeting made it apparent that the organization
has been uniformly successful in the past
and that the outlook for the future is equally
good. In the routine work of the organization
to build on broader and more permanent ground,
and an evidence of this was the preliminary steps
taken toward the organization of an insurance
auxiliary, which in its scope would comprehend
a mutual indemnity insurance of the miners
jointly with the miners' union and a coal operators'
mutual insurance conipany, or the insurance
of all coal properties in the state through one
company. The subject was referred to a committee
consisting of G. W. Traer, T. H. Lemmon
and J. H. Garaghty. The report of Secretary
Scroggs showed a considerable increase in the
membership, consisting mostly of new operations
in the state. The association comprehends practically
all the large operators of the state, with
two or three exceptions. Following the suggestion
of some members from the Southern and
Central portions of the state, it was resolved that
after May 1, 1905, the offices of the association
should be removed from Chicago to Springfield.
The old officers as re-elected are as follows: O. L.
Garrison, president; J. A. Agee, vice-president; E.
T. Bent, secretary-treasurer; C. L. Scroggs, recording
secretary; Herman Justi was re-elected commissioner
of the association.
An event in connection with the meeting, was
the banquet tendered to the executive committee
by Herman Justi, commissioner, held at the Union
League .Club, Monday evening. About 40 guests
sat down to the repast. After the speech making
had been concluded, Harry N. Taylor presented in
behalf of members of the association a beautifully
engraved silver loving-cup to President C. L. Garrison,
who made brief but fitting response. The
cup was of solid silver, of exquisite design, and
suitably engraved in commemoration of the occasion.
President Garrison has served as the executive
of the association for three years and his reelection
was the spontaneous wish of the opera­
tors.
CABIN CREEK TROUBLE SETTLED.
The Cabin creek miners in the Kanawha, W. Va.,
district and the operators have entered into an
agreement which probably will have the effect of
ending the trouble existing at the Cabin creek
mines. Under the provisions of the agreement
the union men are to leave the Cabin creek territory
at once, the operators agreeing to assist them
in moving, and to cease the evictions.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
The second annual dinner of the employes of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. and Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co. was held at the Seventh
Avenue hotel, Pittsburgh, on December 21. It
was attended by many of the heads of departments
of the two corporations, but the occasion was one
more for social and fraternal greetings than for
the discussion of business. The dinner is one
of the first to be held since the two companies
were represented under the present single management
and head, and for this reason was larger than
before. Mr. George H. Schluederberg, general
manager of mines, was the principal speaker.
Mr. William R. Jarvis has taken charge as Pittsburgh
district manager of the Sullivan Machinery
Co., succeeding Mr. George W. Favor who has been
transferred to the company's general offices at
Chicago. Mr. Jarvis has been manager for the
company at Duluth. He has had a broad experience
in the work of the company and his assignment
to this important territory is sufficient attest
of his abilities. Mr. Jarvis is a native of New
Hampshire and a graduate of Dartmouth college,
Hanover. N. H., class of 1903. The Pittsburgh
offices of the Sullivan Machinery Co. are in the
Farmers Bank building.
Mr. Abbott S. Cooke, manager in the Pittsburgh
district for the Morgan-Gardner Electric Co. of
Chicago, recently returned from a fruitful business
trip through his territory- He closed contracts
..or the equipment of the mine of the Deckers
Creek Coal & Coke Co. near Morgantown, W. Va.,
for an additional power plant for the J. H. Somers
Coal Co., at St. Charles, Mich., and for additional
locomotives for the Beech Creek Coal & Coke Co..
making 16 in all of the Morgan-Gardner locomotives
the Beech Creek company is using.
Superintendent Brydon of Meyersdale, Pa., has
been promoted to the general superintendency of
the Consolidation Coal Co. and will reside in
Frostburg, Md., where the company has a fine residence
for him. He also retains the general superintendency
of the Somerset Coal Co.. F. F.
Lyon becomes assistant general superintendent of
the Somerset Coal Co.
Mr. William Collins has resigned the vice-presidency
of the Ohio Coal Co., St. Paul, Minn., and
has organized the William Collins Coal Co. at St
Paul, Minn., extending the wholesale coal and
coke trade on January 1.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Anthracite Shipments For Twelve Months.
Tons 1904. Tons 1903. Tons 1902.
January 4,134,245 5,964,950 4,538,138
February 4,326,269 5,070,608 3,741,253
March 4,375,033 5,211,548 3,818,767
April 5,407,786 5,044,990 4,924,830
May 5,285,079 5,156,449 1,708,892
June 5,728,795 5,436,497 92,203
July 4,623,227 5,377,495 259,079
August 4,331,854 5,169,402 321,774
September 3,967,600 4,654,454 445,883
October 5,131,542 3,925,642 1,276,257
November 5,124,068 4,091,147 4,984,384
December* 5,000,000 4,259,748 5,099,451
Total 57,429,378 59,362,830 31,210,911
^Estimated.
Decided In Miners' Favor.
Carroll D. Wright's decision in the matter of the
grievance of the employes of the Exeter colliery
of the Lehigh Valley Coal Co. was substantially
the same as that given some time ago in the case
of the Reading company. The men complained
that the company, since April 1, 1903, had paid the
sliding scale increase provided for by the anthracite
strike commission on the net earnings, instead
of the gross earnings. Mr. Wright decided that
the increase must be paid on the gross earnings,
but said the men were entitled to back pay only
since the time the appeal was filed, which was
August li last.
MINIMUM WEIGHT QUESTION.
Secretary R. E. Harris of the Coal Dealers' Association
of Iowa and Nebraska, has sent out the
following circular letter on minimum weights to
his members:
"Your attention is called to the fact that various
railway companies have issued instructions to
their agents, insisting on the collection of freight
charges on coal shipments according to the minimum
capacity of cars in all cases where cars are
not loaded to the required minimum amount.
"Many instances have been brought to the attention
of the association where expense bill weights
are the minimum capacity of the car, at the same
time showing that the load has been weighed by
the railroad company and found to contain much
less coal than is charged for.
"It is eminently proper, in all cases where cars
are not loaded to minimum, to deduct from shipper's
invoice all overcharges of this character.
The shipper is the only party in position to prevent
this loss to the consignee, and if he neglects to
properly load the cars he must assume the responsibility.
"It would be well for members of this association
to make note of matters of this kind and to
report same to the secretary, in order that all of
our members may be advised as to the class of
ears which will not contain minimum, the road to
which they belong and the mines making use of
them."
COAL TRADE CASUALTIES.
The towboat Charles Jutte, belonging to the
Peoples Coal Co. of Pittsburgh, was sunk at Cable's
eddy, above Steubenville, in the Ohio river on
December 26. The boat was only a little more
than a year old and cost about $30,000. She was
caught by an ice gorge and is lying in a bad position.
The crew of 11, including one woman, made
their way to the shore with difficulty over the
ice pack.
oooo
Through the burning of a small shed at the
mouth of the Hammond Fire Brick Co.'s coal mine
near Bolivar, Pa., seven miners were suffocated on
December 22. The smoke from the fire was drawn
into the mine, filling it completely. The property
damage was slight.
oooo
The towboat Frank Gilmore, owned by the Budd
Coal Co., sunk at her landing at Middleport, O.,
on December 23. The boat is lying in 12 feet of
water. The extent of the probable loss has not
been ascertained.
oooo
The Hutchinson Fuel Co.'s tipples and mine
rigging were totally destroyed by fire near Byron,
W. Va.; loss $25,000, with $5,000 insurance.
oooo
A coal storage house and eight cars in the N. Y.,
N. H. & H. yards at Providence, R. I., were burned
on December 23; loss $14,000.
oooo
About 60 mules in the stables of the Mount Carmel
Coal Co. mine No. 8, at Pittsburg, Kan., were
lost through a mine fire.
Southern Railway Coal Tonnage.
The following is the coal tonnage handled by the
Southern railway during the first ten months of
1904: January, 339,351 tons; February 289,526
tons; March, 363,843 tons; April, 304,087 tons;
May, 308,230 tons; June, 301,014 tons; July, 169,-
982 tons; August, 259,888 tons; September, 260,-
374 tons; October, 280,604 tons. Total, 2.876,-
999 tons.

The Central Coal Mining Co. and the local coal
dealers' association at Bay City, Mich., are engaging
in a rate war with the result that retail
prices on domestic sizes have been cut from $4.25
to $3.50 per ton.
The Union Fuel Co. has been incorporated at
San Francisco with a capital stock of $100,000, by
Horace G. Piatt. C. M. Goodall, Edwin Goodall,
C. E. Green and Charles G. Lathrop.
The Marine & Domestic Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Seattle. Wash., with a capital of $1,500,-
000 by H. G. Lougee, R. Naylor, G. P. Cragen and
M. C. Hunter.
*
The Mitchell Avenue Lumber & Coal Co. has
been incorporated in St. Joseph, Mo., with a capital
stock of $12,000.
The Great Western Coal Development & Mining
Co. of Seattle, Wash., has increased its capital to
$2,000,000.
The Valley Coal & Mining Co. has been incorporated
at Valley Junction, la., with a capital of
$10,000.
*
The Hutchin-Hanks Coal Co. of Kansas City,
Mo., has been incorporated with a capital of $20,-
000.
*
Hay & Burk have given a bill of sale of their
coal and lumber business in York, Neb., for $6,700.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
The Rogers Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Fort Dodge, la., with a capital of $6,000.
*
J. T. Brown has succeeded to the coal business
of Brown & Trimble at Columbus, Kan.
*
Drake & Cox have succeeded to the coal business
of Turner & Cox at New Franklin, Mo.
#
The grain and coal firm of Tagert & Williams
at Aspen. Col., is about to dissolve.
*
Palmer Ketwer has sold his interest in the Caledonian
Coal Co. at Gallup. N. M.
T. C. Thoburn has sold out his coal business at
Peabody, Kan.
#
The Big Four Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Fairfield, Ia.
British colliery owners are awaking to the value
of coal washing. This is not because the good
seams of coal are becoming exhausted nor because
there is more dirt in the slack than formerly; it
is simply because colliery owners are finding that
thinner and inferior seams can be worked to advantage
if good arrangements are made for mechanically
preparing the coal for sale. At the
same time it is admitted that coal is now being
washed which formerly was considered good
enough for sale immediately after screening; but
this is due to the fact that even fairly clean slack
is improved in price with washing.
The report of the secretary of state of Ohio for
The Stewart Coal Co .has been incorporated at
the last fiscal year shows that 91 mining compa­
North Forth Worth, Tex., with a capital of $10,000.
nies, with an aggregate capital stock of $5,761,500.
have been incorporated. The increase in capital
The Stilwell Coal Co. has succeeded to the busi­
stock of mining companies for the same period
ness of the Black Hills Coal Co. at Aladdin, Wyo.
amounts to $3,885,000. Eighteen railroad com­
#
panies, with a combined capital of $621,000, were
S. A. Copsey has sold his coal and lumber busi­
incorporated, and one consolidation, involving $4,ness
at Waverly, Kan., to the Kansas Lumber Co.
000,000 capital stock, is noted. Increase in the
*
capital stock of railroads amounts to $10,738,134.
The Dallas Coal & Coke Co. has been incorporated
at Dallas, Tex., with a capital stock of $10,000.
*
The anthracite production for December was
The death is reported of J. F. Taylor, a well not as large as the companies had hoped. It was
known coal and feed dealer of Kansas City, Mo. the intention to run the mines at their full capacity,
but owing to a number of unforeseen acci­
The coal and ice firm of Robert Gibson & Son of dents a large majority have been shut down at
Rolfe, la., has gone out of the ice business. various periods. It was hoped that at least 5,-
*
000,000 tons would be produced, but it is now
Bell & Smith have purchased the coal and lum­ thought that the total when figured will be below
ber business of J. T. Briggs in Diller, Neb.
4,500,000 tons.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Washington County Canal Association has inferior in quality and antiquated in construction
been organized at Marietta, O., to arouse sentiment and operation. It has been somewhat difficult in
in favor of completing the Ohio canal from Cleve­ the past for users of fuses to find up-to-date and
land to Dresden, thus forming a five-foot water­ dependable goods without making a costly series
way from the Great Lakes via the Muskingum of .experiments and tests, as the number of such
river to the coal regions in West Virginia.
goods represented to be first-class is very large.
Several recent events, however, have served to
About 20 of the leading coal operators of East­ show beyond doubt that the fuses made at the Star
ern Ohio met at Wheeling on December 15 and took Electric Fuse Works at Wilkesbarre, Pa., embody
preliminary action toward eliminating middle-men every principle of absolute safety, reliability and
from the coal trade in that district. A selling economy. The manufacturers received a silver
agency will probably be established at Wheeling. medal, the highest award on electric fuses given at
the St. Louis Exposition. A recent public test,
A mortgage has been filed at Charleston, W. Va., conducted before a large number of experts and
on the entire property of the Black Band Coal & persons interested in fuses demonstrated conclu­
Coke Co., and the Kanawha River Coal Railway sively the superiority of Star fuses, and they are
Co.. to secure six per cent, first mortgage twenty- being recommended everywhere by mine inspectyear
gold bonds, amounting to $750,000.
ors. The Star fuses are based on the "matchhead"
construction system and are prepared for
Twenty-six hundred children of the miners in every form of explosive and blasting work. Much
the employ of Coxe Bros. & Co. received Christmas valuable and interesting information on this head
presents at Hazleton, Pa., from Mrs. Sophie G. is provided in the company's recently issued book­
Coxe, widow of E. B. Coxe, who spent more than let on fuses. In the annual report of the Penn­
$5,000 for their gifts.
sylvania bureau of mines for 1902, Edward Reynolds,
inspector of mines in the Fourth Anthra­
George H. Knoll has been appointed receiver for cite district, made the following recommending
the American Coal & Coke Co., a new concern statement regarding Star electric fuses:
working on a lease from the Black Band Colliery * * * "Four were killed by premature blasts,
Co., in the Coal River district of West Virginia. due to shortening squibs or to some mistake in
handling them. The only method to do away
While drilling a well at Arapahoe, O. T., an eight- with this class of accidents is to remove the cause,
foot vein of coal was struck at a depth of 150 feet. for, if men are permitted to use squibs, the temp­
A company was at once formed to develop the find, tation is constantly presented to shorten or tam­
with G. B. McFarland as president.
per with them. If the miners were compelled to
Extensive fields of lignite coal have been dis­
fire all blasts by the use of a battery, there would
be no missed or hung shots. The difficulty in
covered in Lewis county, Wash. Sixteen veins the past has been to ignite black powder by a
have been uncovered thus far and the quality of battery without the use of an exploding cap, but
the coal is said to be very good.
this trouble has been removed, as the Electric
The Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroad has made
Fuse Co. has introduced an electric fuse which
is the first known that will ignite black powder
a cut on the rate on steam coal to Oklahoma points without a cap. as the fuse itself is separate from
of 25 cents per ton, putting it into any town in the the cap, and only in case of blasting with dyna­
territory for $1.00 per ton.
mite the loose cap has to be pushed into the paper
tube of the powder fuse. The use of electric fuses
The Santa Fe railroad has finished a six-mile without the cap attached is much safer in all
branch from Rockvale to Radiant, Col., where a gaseous mines, where squibs are now used, be­
new coal mine is about to be opened which will cause no open flame like the burning of the paper
produce 2,000 tons per day.
of the squib can touch the gas. Furthermore, the
electric powder fuse has the advantage that all
ELECTRIC FUSES.
men can reach a safe place before the battery is
touched by the miner who has control of the key
for operating it. The fuses are cheaper than any
of those to which caps are attached and have given
satisfaction wherever they have been used."
It has been demonstrated beyond doubt that the
compulsory use of electricity in firing mine blasts
has gone farther toward reducing the number of
accidents from premature explosions than any
other contributing factor. That its effectiveness
has not been still greater is due to the fact that
many of the fuses and fuse systems in use are
The Merchants' Coal Co., of West Virginia, has
been authorized to increase its holdings of land
within that state from 10,000 acres to 15,000 acres.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
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"fl«ERIC(IN" T R HAN o SM,s P s,0 E
is the best example of the
rope maker's art.
Samples, prices, our cordage
folder "ROPE" and "A
LITTLE BLUE BOOK
ON ROPE TRANSMIS­
SION" sent free upon re­
quest.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Alabama Consolidated Coal CBt, Iron Co.
Following is a statement regarding the affairs
of the Alabama Consolidated Coal & Iron Co.,
which has just passed from Eouthern to Northern
control:
The company was incorporated under the laws
of New Jersey in 1899, and owns and operates
several iron and coal properties in the neighborhood
of Birmingham. Ala. The company's output
per annum is from 150,000 to 180,000 tons, its output
of coke from 250.000 to 275,000 tons and its
output of coal from 600,000 to 650,000 tons. The
acreage of the company's properties is as follows:
Ore lands 10,460 acres; coal lands 35,950 acres and
timber lands 15.749 acres.
Since its organization the conipany has spent
$1,400,000 for improvements designed to increase
the capacity of its plants and reduce the cost of its
products. Of this expenditure. $500,000 was supplied
by a bond issue, and the balance was taken
out of earnings. The development policy of the
company has resulted in the following changes in
the four years since it was organized:
Output. When organized. Now.
Iron tons 65,000 150,000
Coke, tons 85.000 250,000
Coal, tons 200,000 700,000
Home-Seekers' Excursions.
West, Northwest and Southwest via
Pennsylvania Lines.
Excursion tickets will be sold via Pennsylvania
Lines to points West, Northwest and Southwest,
account Home-Seekers' Excursions, during Decem­
STRIKES IN FRANCE DURING 1903.
There were 567 strikes in France in 1903 against
512 in 1902. In 416 cases in 1903 the strikers were
organized. Ten unions were organized during
strikes, and three were dissolved in consequence
of strikes. The strikers were successful in 122
cases, involving 12,526 men; 222 strikes were settled
by adjustment, involving 89,736 men; 223
strikes, involving 20.889 men. failed; 10 strikes
lasted more than one hundred days.
In 231 cases of strikes occasioned by demands
for increased wages. 28.508 men lost 531,318 days
of labor, or wages to the amount of $355,626, equal
to $12.47 per capita. After three hundred days of
work, the gross profit accruing to these strikers
would be $418,613, or a net profit of $2.21 for each
striker.
Connellsville Coke Field Purchase.
What is said to be the last strip of Connellsville
coking coal has been taken over by the H. C. Frick
Coal & Coke Co. It embraces 1,000 acres near
Uniontown, North and South Union and George
townships. These holdings belonged to J. V.
Thompson, of Uniontown. Another strip of coal
land containing 83 acres, located in the Klondike
region, and the undivided interest in the Sharon
Coke Co., also held by Mr. Thompson, were purchased
by the Frick company. Included in the
deal were 100 coke ovens. The purchase price
was approximately $900,000. The H. C. Frick
Coal & Coke Co. now holds 42,000 acres of unworked
purely Connellsville coking coal. Besides
this the company owns nearly 25,000 acres
of coal land in the Klondike region.
ber, January, February, March and April. For
full particulars regarding fares, routes, etc., call
on J. K. Dillon, District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Coal has been discovered in the vicinity of Lake
Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Baikal, Russia.
£-... Colo At a bargain—Coal property shaft
I UI OdlO. opening, fully equipped with
power and machinery for mining by electricity,
miners houses, railroad switch, excellent shipping
facilities, capacity 500 tons daily, close market for
output, water the entire year. For particulars.
Address, P O Box 245,
•Wellsburg, W. Va.
-V,
4
4
4\
The owner of 7,000 acres of coal lands, containing
52-inch out-cropping seam, "wishes to associate
himself with others to buy and develop an additional
22,000 acres of adjoining lands, which also
contain timber, oil, etc., and can be purchased very
cheap. Q.. L. PRESCOTT,
421 W. Oak Street, Louisville, Ky.
-*.

m
m
m
m
y
RtMbRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT.
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. J7
No. I BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y
W ~"*" OOAtu
^
^
JNO. W. PEALE, GEN-L MANAGER. tf
i & KERR
W. S. WALLACE, SECRETARY, E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"V.
WASHED COAL
"Clean
Enough
to
Long
Distance
Phone.
Eat"
xmk
sA
^Y-¥
^2y
aw
1 n
L Jt
/ /
pj
V. I,
Write Us
For
Prices and
Freight
Rates,
The Luhrig Coal Co.,
Fourth and Plum Sts. CINCINNATI, OHIO.
>L JT
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
»*•»•»»»»»•«
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
COKE.
GENERAL OFFICES: - GREENSBURG, PA.
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: . . . GREENSBURG, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS, jj
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK.
No. 1 Broadway.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
AND
LTORSESLTOE COAL, (MILLER VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, FA.
^ll1!l!n!!!H!!!l!!!!ll!!l!!!ll!!!!l!!!lll!!l!!l!ll!!!lH!!!11M!!ll!!!ll"!!!!l"l!!r»!!!llMI!Mll!l!l!!111MIH!111»!!!!lllM!!!!!11ir!!!!lllMM!!!!!11!M!l!!!l!11IHM!!!!!!!!!!11"!!!!!!!!!!!ll!!!ll^.
: GEORGE /. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. 5
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
FricK Building,
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
B^T^.-.*- ^— PITTSBURGH, PA.
%jiuiii»iii»iiiuiiiuiiiuiiiiuiiiuiiiuiiiiiuiiuiiiiuiiiuiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiii»iiiu»iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii»iiiiiiiuiiiiu»iiiiuuiiii»uiiiiiiuiiiiiiu»iiiiin»uiiii»uiiiiii»»uiiiiiii»»i#
uwfEi5i~e^L^©iwpaWi
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF •
! WESTMORELAND GAS «-_» SECOND POOL YOUGHIOG
COAL.
: ;
: MINES ON THE MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH &. LAKE ERIE RAILROAD; '.
'. BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD,
: :
; OFFICE. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE: •
| BANK FOR SAVINGS BUILDING, Su,TE 111 7-1 1 1 e NORTH AMERICAN BLDG. =
! PITTSBURGH, PA.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
3AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA>*i*iilAAAAAAAA^
] SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
^ MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF £
j SUPERIOR STEAM COAL |
2 AND t
I CONNELLSVILLE COKE. I
* l
General Offices: LATROBE, PA. •
•
•
iTTVTVTTTTTTVTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTYTYTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVTTTTTTTTTTTTTVTTT^
tf OG %
f)EST GRADES
-^
STEAM COAL
. . and . .
CONNELLSVILLE COKE, K-
MINKD AND SHIPPED BY THK
SAXMAN COAL & COKE COMPANY,
. . . LATROBE, PA. . . .
Latrobe Connellsville Goal&Coke Co.
LATROBE. PA..
c —PRODUCES AND SHIPS '
STEAM COAL OF FINEST QUALITY
AND MANUFACTURERS
BEST CONNELLSVILLE COKE.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
^ei)i)s2lVai)ia (oal and (oke (on)pai)^,
WEBSTER COAL
GALLITZIN COKE
ROBERT MITCHELL, GKNKRAL SAIJES AGOT
LAND TITLE BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
NEW YORK : 17 BATTERY PLACE. BOSTON : No. 141 MILK ST.
-THE-
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
CHICAGO: 215 DEARBORN STREET.
"POCAHONTAS"
J5M0KELESS.
XOAL
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THE CELEBRATED C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL,
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, as the United States (ieological Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
POCAHONTAS
TRADE MARK REGISTERED
1 BXOADWAY, NEW YORK CITY. NEW YORK
CITIZENS' BANK BUILDING. NORFOLK, VA.
C. C. B. Pocahontas Smokeless
Is the only American Coal that has heen Officially indorsed by the
Governments of lireat Britain, German>' and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United Slates Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN & BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
MAIN OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 SO. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BRANCH OFFICES :
OLD COLONY BUILDING. CHICAGO. III.
126 STATE STREET. BOSTON, MASS.
EUROPEAN AGENTS
HULL. BLYTH &. COMPANY, 4 FENCHURCH AVENUE, LONDON, E. C. ENGLAND.
NEAVE BUILDING, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
TERRY BUILDING. ROANOKE, VA.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Kme
PA
m
JAMES KERR, PRESIDENT. A. E. PATTON, TREASURER
Xjeect) ^reek v^oal o v^oke V^o.
No. 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY,
e
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
S PARDEE, PATTON, AND ARCADIA GOALS.
OWNERS OF
Port Liberty Docks in New York Harbor,
Orders For Coal Should Be Forwarded To The
BEECH CREEK COAL & COKE CO., - - J 7 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON. Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
C. M. UNDERHILL,
WESTERN AGENT FOR
THE SALE OF
THE
ANTHRACITE COAL
OF . . .
J. LANGrDOIV & CO., INCORPORATED.
BITUMINOUS COAL MD COKE.
FIDELITY BUILDING,
BUFFALO, • NEW YORK.
HARRY OLMSTED, President. T. D. HUNTINGTON, Treasurer. F. O. HAT TON, Secretary. J
MIDDLE STATES COAL CO. |
MINERS AND SHIPPERS %
HOCKING, POCAHONTAS COAL AND COKE, KANAWHA &
GAS, STEAM AND SMITHING COAL. |
MINES LOCATED ON 5
Hocking Valley Ry. Norfolk & Western Ry. Zanesville & Western Ry. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. S
-/

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
f \
M. M. COCHRAN, President. JOHN H. WURTZ, Sec'y and Treas.
W. HARRY BROWN, Vice President. J. S. NEWMYER, General Manager.
WASHINGTON GOAL & COKE COMPANY,
GENERAL OFFICE, DAWSON, FAYETTE COUNTY, PA.
YOUGHIOGHENY
COAL,
STEAM, GAS, COKING.
5,000 TONS, DAILY CAPACITY.
INDIVIDUAL CARS.
CONNELLSVILLE
COKE,
FURNACE, FOUNDRY, CRUSHED.
SHIPMENTS VIA B. 4 O. R. R., AND P. & L. E. R. R. AND CONNECTIONS.
SALES OFFICE : PITTSBURGH, PA.
N. P. HYNDMAN, Sales Agent. H. R. HYNDMAN, Asst. Sales Agent
J « L
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
Empire Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS D^ILY.
L.OCATED OISJ MINES AT
C. & P. R. R., B. & 0. R. R. and Ohio River. Bellaire, Ohio.
Communications should be sent to LOUIS F. NEWMAN, Manager, Pittsburgh, Pa.
'INCORPORATED.)
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. & L. E., ERIE, L. S. & M. S.
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
j] BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
L/2 £\J

56
v
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CLYDE COAL COMPANY >
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED CLYDE COAL
SHIPMENTS BY RIVER STEAMERS
"CLYDE" AND "ELEANOR."
CLYDE MINE, FR EDER IC KTO WN . PA
DAILY CAPACITY OF MINES, 3,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
CONESTOGA BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
J. H. SANFORD, GENERAL MANAGER.
BELL PHONE, 2517 COURT P. & A. PHONE, 2125 MAIN.
1

lohe
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., JANUARY 16, 1905. No. 4.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1904
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION,
$2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TRADK COMPANY.
92G-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
PROGRESS OF COAL MINING IN OHIO, AS
SHOWN BY THE ANNUAL REPORT OF
CHIEF MINE INSPECTOR E. G. BIDDISON.
The annual report of E. G. Biddison, chief inspector
of mines of Ohio, for 1903, just issued,
shows that the period covered by the report was
one of very general improvement in the state's
production of coal, with the possible exception of
the matter of casualties to employes. The increase
in the number of accidents and the rate of
accidents to the tonnage of coal mined, as well as
their causes, are of particular interest because
it is shown by the investigations of both mine
and civil authorities that gross carelessness on
the part of workmen—many of them miners with
years of experience—was for the most part responsible
for the increased life and money loss.
On this head the report carries many valuable
suggestions and inferences and a recommendation
from Coroner George A. Campbell, of Jefferson
county, which seems worthy of careful consideration.
The following table which introduces the report,
presents a summary of the year's events and
matters of record:
Number of coal producing counties 30
Total number of tons of coal produced
during the year 1903 24,573,266
Gain in output over the year 1902 643,979
Number of tons of coal produced by the
use of machinery 14.560,931
Number of tons produced by pick 10,012,335
Number of mining machines in use during
the year 774
Number of mines in which mining machines
were in use 188
Number of counties installing the use
of machinery IS
Total number of persons engaged in the
production of coal 41,396
Number of miners employed during the
year 1903 29,834
Number of day hands employed 11,562
Number of hands operating machines. . 1.949
Number of hands following machines.. 14,181
Estimated amount of powder consumed
in the production of coal by the number
of firms reporting (kegs) 223,708
Amount of coal produced from the use
of powder 19.969,441
Total number of mines in the state during
the year 1903 954
Total number of mines in operation during
the year 1903 912
Total number of new mines opened up
during the year SO
Number of mines suspending operation
for the year 42
Number of mines reported abandoned.. 18
Total number of inspections made during
the year 1.511
Number of sets of scales tested 188
Number of permanent improvements made 325
Number of maps filed 293
Number of casualties 574
Number of fatal accidents 114
Number of serious accidents 324
Number of minor accidents 136
Average number of days worked 176 1-6
Number of tons of coal mined to the life
lost 215.555
Number of persons employed to each
life lost
Number of persons employed to each per­
363
son injured 72 1-9

2(5 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The year's coal production was increased by
the opening up of new mines and by the increased
output of other mines due largely to better railroad
facilities in supplying cars and the introduction
of many new mining machines. The
state was practically free from disturbances between
capital and labor, the inter-state agreement
between the miners and operators tending in a
marked degree to alleviate troubles of this nature.
The year, while not showing the marked increase
in point of output of 1902. produced 643,979 more
tons, the entire output. 24,573.266 tons, being the
largest in the state's history. Of this amount,
17,635,639 tons was lump coal, 2,682,000 tons was
nut coal and 4,255,627 tons was pea coal and slack.
During the year 86 new mines were opened, a
decrease of 19 as compared with 1902. During the
same period 42 mines suspended a portion or the
whole of the year, also a decrease of 19 over 1902.
The number of mines abandoned was 18, a decrease
of 30.
Permanent improvements to the number of 325
were made in the various mines of the state as
compared with the preceding year, showing an
increase of 22. These included 71 fans, a gain of
12; 56 furnaces, a gain of 6: 94 air shafts, a loss
of 4; 19 stairways and 49 second openings, a gain
of 12 in the latter; 9 ventilating baskets; 10 speaking
tubes in shafts and 17 safety catches or cages.
Machinery proved a great factor in increasing
the output of coal in the state, 14,560,931 tons
being mined from its use alone during the year
1903, the greatest production ever recorded from
this source of mining coal. When compared with
the preceding year a gain of 1,121.283 tons is
shown. It is interesting to note the important
part machinery has played in the production of
coal since it was first introduced into the mines
of Ohio in 1899; the tonnage for that year is
given at 900,000 tons, while the year 1903 records
a tonnage of over fourteen million tons. The
number of mining machines and motors in use in
the state for the year was 774, and were found
in 18 of the coal producing counties. But one fatal
accident occurred from the use of mining machines
during the year, and two from coming in
contact with electric wires. This may fairly be
considered a remarkable showing in view of the
number of machines in use.
While the output of coal for the year 1903 increased
643,979 tons, and the total number of
miners and day hands reached 41,396, an increase
of 3,975 over the preceding year, the time worked
did not compare favorably with 1902, and as such
the year was not as prosperous a one in dollars
and cents to the average mine worker. The immense
amount of machinery used in the mines
has done much to eliminate manual labor, while
on the other hand the number of miners is gradu­
ally on the increase each year, which has had a
tendency to reduce the amount of labor to the
individual. In view of these facts the mines of
the state practically worked only about one-half
time during the year.
The total number of mining accidents of all
classes reported during the year amounted to 574,
an increase of 42 over the preceding year. Of this
number 114 resulted fatally, 324 were of a serious
nature, and 136 were of minor consequence. The
number of tons of coal mined to the life lost was
215,555. or one life lost to every 363 persons employed.
Regarding the year's accidents the report contains
the following comment:
"The death rate from the source of mining coal
is becoming, in this state, alarmingly on the increase.
It would seem that all precautions and
admonitions issued both by the district inspectors
in their daily routine of work of visiting the
mines, and from rules and circulars issued by the
mining department were all of no avail, and that
while a number of the fatal accidents occurring
in the mines are attributable to the number of
uneducated and unskilled workmen employed, a
large per cent, of them occur to men well up in
years, who are thoroughly familiar with all phases
of mining, but who become criminally negligent
and careless of their own safety, when a little
precaution on their part would have rendered
their working place safe. Some of the accidents
recorded are purely unavoidable, and are caused
from unforeseen circumstances over which we
have no control. Unless some stringent means
are adopted whereby persons employed in the
mines can be compelled to use adequate and reasonable
methods of preventing fatalities, the number
is bound to increase as conditions which surround
mining in this age are such as to necessitate
the greatest care and vigilance possible on the
part of the persons employed, if they are to escape
uninjured.
"The fatal accidents occurred in 17 of the coal
producing counties, while accidents of all classes
were reported from 26 of the 30 counties in
which coal is produced. Jefferson county reported
27, a gain of 18. This county reported
more fatal accidents than any other county in
the state, and many more than should have occurred
if the proper kind of discipline was in
practice, and an effort made on the part of the
mine bosses to keep a vigilant watch over the
men employed in the mines, especially those of
foreign birth, a number of whom find employment
in the mines of this country.
"Falls of roof are accountable for 70 fatal accidents
during the year. More fatal accidents are
due to this cause than any other source in the
mining of coal, however, if proper precautions

were taken in the setting of necessary props, especially
where the roof is known to be of a dangerous
and treacherous nature, the mining department
would be relieved of the very unpleasant
and reluctant duty of recording so many fatal
accidents. An increase of 21 from this source is
shown as compared with the year 1902. The
total number of accidents due to falls of roof for
the year was 231, a gain of 8 as compared with the
preceding year. Falls of roof are accountable for
40.3 per cent, of the entire number of accidents
recorded for the year."
Nine fatal accidents were caused from falls of
coal, 4 more than for the year 1902; 31 were of
a serious nature and 16 minor, or 9.8 per cent, of
the total number of accidents. Nine fatal accidents
were also due to injuries received from mine
cars. 92 serious and 50 minor, or 26.3 per cent, of
the total number of accidents.
Premature explosions and the careless handling
of explosives were responsible for 11 fatal, 16
serious and 1 minor, a gain of 6 in the total number,
or 4.9 per cent, of the entire number.
Two fatal accidents resulted from the installation
of electric wires in the mines during the year.
One fatal, 12 serious and 2 minor accidents were
caused by mining machines. Fifty-one accidents
classified as miscellaneous, of which 5 were fatal,
25 serious and 21 of a minor character.
Regarding accidents due to the careless handling
of powder, the report says:
At the Edgar No. 1 mine located in Jefferson
county, two men, brothers and foreigners, were
killed by an explosion of powder, one of them
using a keg of powder for a seat, when a spark
from his lighted lamp ignited the powder resulting
in the death of both. The verdict of the coroner
attending this inquest is pointed and full of
good sound judgment. His suggestions might
well be acted upon with good results, although it
would seem that a person of five years' experience
in a mine, had not learned the first principle of
mining, who would be guilty of an act of carelessness
such as L^IS person was, and that all efforts
to educate men, foreigners or otherwise, were
fruitless. The truth underlying the cause of
most of the fatalities recorded by this department
is contained in the one word, "Carelessness,"
or an indifference to their own safety or the safety
of others.
The recommendation of the coroner, George A.
Campbell, is as follows:
"It would be an excellent plan to prohibit two
unskilled men who have little or no knowledge of
the English language, from working in a room
together, but instead, that when a foreigner is employed
to work in a mine that he be paired off
with one of his countrymen who has acquired
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
some command of the English language, as well
as a fair knowledge of mining and handling of
explosives. It should also be made a rule to
limit the foreign miner, at least, to a quantity of
powder per day to be taken into their rooms sufficient
only for the day's work, as through their
carelessness and ignorance of the various dangers
of their work, not only are their own lives endangered,
but that of others as well. As this is
the fourth death resulting in this country recently
from the careless handling of explosives in coal
mines, the miners should be compelled to use
greater care in handling the same than so many
have shown in the past."
MEDITERRANEAN COAL TRADE
AND THE AMERICAN PRODUCER.
Robert P. Skinner. United States consul general
at Marseilles, reports that the coal imports at the
port of Marseilles during the first six months of
1904 were as follows: British Cardiff, 318,405
tons; British gas coal, 56,867 tons; German industrial,
49,748 tons; American, 3,682 tons; total, 428,-
702 tons. The total receipts of coal from all
sources at this city during 1903 were 1,774,000
tons, of which 956,099 tons were of foreign origin.
Of the foreign coals, 484,620 tons were taken up
by navigation trade.
The domestic production of coal in 1903 was
considerably in excess of that of any previous
year, the recently announced figures being as
follows: 1901, 32,325,000 tons; 1902, 30,000,000
tons; 1903, 35,000,000 tons. The French consumption
in 1903 amounted to 47,000,000 tons, the
excess over the quantity produced being supplied
by Great Britain, Belgium, Germany and the United
States.
Standard navigation coal is now being sold in
Marseilles under a local agreement, by which the
price is maintained at $5.48. British industrial
coals have ruled lower, but are being undersold
by German coals, which accounts for the growing
volume of receipts from German sources throughout
the Mediterranean. The freight on Westphalian
coals by the Rhine to Rotterdam ($1.10)
enables them to be put on board at Rotterdam at
from $1.93 to $2.02 per ton. From Rotterdam to
the Mediterranean the freights are about the same
as on British coal, but there is not any export tax.
A Westphalian syndicate has established selling
agencies at Marseilles, Nantes, St. Nazaire and
Caen. The exports from Germany to France by
land and sea have increased as follows: 1901,
1,565,000 tons; 1902, 1,718,000 tons; 1903, 2,065,-
000 tons. Marseilles received 28,000 tons from
Germany in 1902. and 115.000 tons in 1903. The
prospect is that at the end of the year the local

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
selling agreement will meet German prices in
every respect.
It is understood that German shippers are planning
a general invasion of the Mediterranean next
year, as a means of relieving domestic congestion.
A depressed German iron market has compelled
the miners to force their coal upon the export
trade at less than domestic rates or to suspend
operations. Special advantages for rail and ocean
transportation are expected to favor the former
course. Genoa, a port frequented by numerous
German vessels, is to be the principal point of
attack. It is proposed to screen the German coal
upon its arrival, dispose of the best to interior
consumers, and look to German navigation companies
to take the rest.
In concluding his report Consul General Skinner
says:
"The United States has lost interest in the
Mediterranean market for the present. As I have
frequently pointed out. our shippers can enter
this market profitably only under exceptional circumstances,
when prices are low at home, and
freight rates reasonable. So long as our coal
companies live in the present only, they will have
occasional speculative opportunities to sell coal in
Europe. Prudent operators must perceive, however,
that with our production increasing at its
present rate, the time will inevitably come when
a foreign market must be sought and retained permanently.
When that time comes, either the
mine owners or the railroads for them will provide
cheap ocean transportation under conditions
which will enable them to make long-time European
contracts. If profits cannot be found in
transportation, they will have to be found in
mining."
C. D. Hagelin, the United States consular agent
at Cette, France, reports that during the year
ending November 1, 1904, the imports of coal at
Cette were 88,800 tons, or about 5,000 tons less
than in the previous year, and consisted of English
coals for industrial purposes and gas coals.
Prices for English gas coals were from $4.05 to
$4.43, and for English industrial coals from $4.43
to $4.6°: for best French steam coals, $5.21 lo
$5.40. Freights were lower than ever before.
Coals from Newcastle to Cette paid $1.34 to $1.58
per ton, rates which were disastrous for shipowners.
New Mining Town Established.
The Pittsburgh & Washington Coal Co. has purchased
another series of tracts of coal land aggregating
about 2,000 acres, near Washington, Pa.
A new town, to be known as Kenton, is being
established, work already being started on one
block of 140 houses. The town is on the Wabash
railroad.
TRADE AGREEMENT UPHELD.
The Pennsylvania supreme court has affirmed
the decree of the Allegheny county common pleas
court upholding the trade agreement between the
Monongahela Consolidated Coal & Coke Co. and
Charles Jutte. The action was brought to restrain
Jutte from engaging in the coal business,
it being alleged that at the time of the organization
of the Monongahela company Jutte sold out
his business to the plaintiff company and entered
into an agreement not to engage in the coal business,
in competition with it, for a period of ten
years, and that shortly after receiving the proceeds
of this sale he re-commenced business under
the name of C. Jutte & Co., and entered into
active competition with the plaintiff company, under
the name of C. Jutte & Co., in violation of the
express terms of his contract.
The defense urged, among other things, that
the contract was void under the Sherman antitrust
act, and the court decided that the agreement
was valid as to the state of Pennsylvania,
but void as to inter-state commerce.
An injunction against Jutte was stayed pending
appeal, but the appeal having been now decided
the effect of the affirmance is to finally determine
that until the expiration of ten years from the
date of the agreement referred to Jutte may not
engage in the eoal business within the state of
Pennsylvania.
There is no question at issue which could go
before the United States Supreme Court, the decision
as to matters which would come within its
jurisdiction having been decided in favor of the
defendant.
PITTSBURGH COAL CO.'S OUTPUT.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co.'s output of coal for
1904 aggregated 14.400,000 tons, which despite the
great industrial depression of the year and transportation
difficulties at various times, was within
200.000 tons of its production during 1903. The
lake shipment aggregated over 4,200,000 tons.
This record is second in the company's history
only to the great record of 1903, when the total
lake shipments reached 4,500,000 tons. The figures
of the past year show an increase of 900.000
tons over 1902 and 1,000,000 tons over 1901. The
showing for 1904 is considered the more remarkable
in view of the entire loss of two months of
the lake shipping season on account of the strike
of the Masters and Pilots Association. All shipments
on the Great Lakes were tied up by that
strike.
The new Radiant mine of the Victor Fuel Co.,
of Denver, is to be operated entirely by electricity,
the power being transmitted from Canon City.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
PROGRESS IN MINE PUMP CONSTRUCTION.
The proper drainage of a mine has always been
a serious problem, and only the last few decades
can show marked progress towards a really practical
solution of the problem. The early pumping
engines were exclusively overground working
pumps situated at different levels. Each of these
passed the water on to the one above besides dealing
with that collected on its own level. These
engines were of the beam type, without fly-wheels,
and constituted the flrst adaptation of steam as
Fig. 1—Steam End.
a motive power. It was on them that Newcomen,
Watt, Trevithick and Stephenson made their experiments
and most important inventions. In
a modified form, known as the Cornish engine,
they attained fame and general use: in fact, for
a long time they were the accepted standard for
pumping engines, and to this day there are not
a few of them either in actual use or standing in
reserve.
Electrically-driven pumps would seem to offer
a good modern substitute for ancient methods of
unwatering mines, but they are extremely expensive
in first cost and maintenance as well, and
present problems that have not, as yet, been fully
overcome in practice. Therefore, for the present
at least, and until electricity can be harnessed
and controlled and adapted to mining work at the
minimum expense, it is necessary that a thoroughly
reliable mine pump should work equally
well with compressed air as with steam, for the
use of air is much to be preferred to that of
steam.
It is a very general, though mistaken, idea that
the question of steam economy in an engine working
down a mine is not of importance. Managers
of mines should not lose sight of the fact that a
high consumption means more boiler power required,
larger pipes and increased cost of insulation,
besides the inconvenience of a higher temperature
in the mine and of warmer water due to
greater quantity of steam condensed. It cannot.
therefore, be considered true economy to put down
cheap and uneconomical machinery, as any saving
on this count is soon eaten up by the enhanced
cost of the accessories and fittings.
Among the few good pumps that can be safely
recommended as being thoroughly reliable and
effective when operated either by steam or air,
the Cameron is conceded to be one of the best.
The Cameron pump has stood for nearly half a
century for simplicity, compactness and strength
of construction; certainty of operation and reliability
in long-continued service. It has few
working parts and none exposed to external damage,
and yet careful and just consideration has
been given to minimizing the necessity for and
the cost of repairs, so that a part when worn out
can be renewed readily and cheaply and not involve
the purchase of well nigh an entire pump.
The construction of the Cameron is shown by
Fig. 1, a sectional view showing the steam end,
the piston complete and water end. Referring to
the steam end: The plunger is reversed by
means of two plain tappet valves, and the entire
mechanism thus consists of four stout pieces only.
Fig. 2—Water Valve Chest.
all working in direct line with the main piston.
It is simple and without delicate parts. A is the
steam cylinder; C, the piston; L, the steam chest;
F, the chest plunger, the right-hand end of which
is shown in section; G. the slide valve; H, a lever,
by means of which the steam-chest plunger F
may be reversed by hand when expedient; II are
reversing valves; KK are the reversing valve

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
chamber bonnets, and EE are exhaust ports leading
from the ends of the steam-chest direct to
the main exhaust and closed by the reversing
valves II. Thus in further explanation of the
operation: C, the piston, is driven by steam admitted
under the slide valve G, which, as it is
shifted backward and forward, alternately connects
opposite ends of ->the cylinder A with the
live steam pipe and exhaust. This slide valve
G is shifted by the auxiliary plunger F; F is
hollow and filled with steam, which, issuing
through a hole in each end, fills the spaces be-
Fig. 3—Parts of Regular Horizontal Pumps.
tween it and the heads of the steam chest in
which it works. Pressure being equal at each
end, this plunger F, under ordinary conditions.
is balanced and motionless; but when the main
piston G has traveled far enough to strike and
open the reverse valve I, the steam exhausts
through the port EE from behind that end of the
plunger F which, immediately shifts accordingly
and carries with it the slide valve G, thus reversing
the pump. No matter how fast the piston
may be traveling, it must instantly reverse on
touching the valve I. In its movement the plunger
F acts as a slide valve to close the port EE,
and is cushioned on the confined steam between
the ports and steam-chest cover. The reverse
valves II are closed as soon as the piston C leaves
them, by a constant pressure of steam behind
them, conveyed direct from steam chest through
the ports shown by dotted lines.
Fig. 2 shows the Cameron water valve chest and
arrangement of valves. The right-hand side is
shown in full as it appears when the bonnet is
removed and the left-hand side in section. The
superiority of this valve chest lies in this accessibility.
By simply removing one bonnet or cover
the whole interior with every valve is plainly
visible, turned inside out, so to speak, and not a
speck of anything that may have lodged there
can escape detection. The shelves or decks are
bored out tapering, and the brass seats forced in.
They can thus be readily taken out and renewed
at any time. Each stem holds two valves, with
their springs one above the other, so that by
simply unscrewing one plug and pulling up the
stem both are released. It
will be noticed that the Cameron
valve chest is placed
close to the ground and beside
the water piston, instead
of above it. The valves
are, therefore, so much nearer
the water and the suction lift
is reduced accordingly. Every
pump has two suction openings,
one on each side, and
the discharge opening can be
turned in any direction desired.
Fig. 3 shows an arrangement
of detail parts of the
regular horizontal piston
pump for general service; the
construction of every part can
readily be noted. A list of
names and number of each is
also given, being as follows:
Fig. 4— Vertical Plunger
Sinking Pump.
101, steam cylinder; 102, steam chest; 103,
steam chest plunger; 104, steam chest cover; 105,
steam chest crank and nut; 106, steam chest crank
handle; 107, steam chest, stuffing box bottom;
108, steam chest, stuffing box cap; 109, slide valve;
110, steam cylinder cover; 111, reversing valve;
112, reversing valve bushing; 113, reversing valve
cap; 114, reversing valve plug; 115, steam piston
head; 116, steam piston head, or follower—the
head has a taper hole and the follower a straight
hole; 117. steam piston head; 118, steam piston
follower; 119, steam piston follower; 120, steam
piston packing ring, with wedge and spring;
121, steam piston packing ring; 122, steam piston

ull ring; 123, piston rod and nut; 124, body
piece; 125, piston rod, stuffing box gland; 126,
piston rod, stuffing box bottom; 127, piston rod,
stuffing box cap; 128, piston rod, stuffing box
thimble; 129, water cylinder; 130, water cylinder
cover; 131, water cylinder bonnet; 132, water
piston head; 133, piston head; 134, water piston
follower; 135, water piston follower; 136. water
valve; 137, water valve seat; 138, water valve
guard; 139, water valve stem; 140, water valve
spring; 141, water valve stem plug; 142, water
valve stem plug; 143, air chamber, commonly
termed acorn.
The Cameron sinking pump is sectionalized,
when required, as shown in illustration No. 4,
and in the Cameron regular vertical plunger
pump built in sections, and is known as the
Sierras pattern, which, with the mountain pattern,
has found its way on mule-back (See Fig. 5) and
even more primitive modes of transportation, over
the passes of the Cascade range, the Sierras,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
Fig. 5—A Burro Baggage Train Carrying Pumps.
and other mining regions in Central and South
America.
The Cameron regular vertical plunger sinking
pump is of simple design, strongly built, certain
in operation, capable of handling gritty water,
requires little attention, and above all, will stand
the roughest kind of treatment. It has no outside
valve gear, arms ori levers to be bent or
broken off, and consequently suffers little damage
from collision with the walls of the mine shaft,
and is not likely to be injured from the explosion
of blasts; its exhaust cut-off permits it to be
operated as fast as steam will drive it, with an
irregular or intermittent supply of water, or even
when the water fails entirely, without danger of
the piston striking the heads and with little injury
to the valves. Unlike some inside valve
movements, the Cameron steam end is not delicate
nor complicated; but, being simple and reliable,
it is well suited for service in a mine where the
attention of a skilled engineer is seldom available.
Fig. 6—Pipe Pattern Plunger Station Pump. Capacity 50(1,0110 (Jallons a Day.
Rocky and other mountains of the United States,
as well as those of Mexico, Columbia, Peru, Chili
It takes up little room in the shaft and will work
in any position. It is packed from the outside

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
easily and quickly, the glands being supplied with
hinged bolts. There are no parts exposed to
rust, and in numerous instances of record it has
started and cleared a shaft of water when it has
been buried for weeks under a fallen mass of rock
and debris.
The recently patented priming device with
which all the Cameron sinking pumps are equipped
is worthy of notice. By the use of this priming
valve no undue strain is placed on the suction
hose, such as is the case when the whole
weight of the water in the discharge column is
precipitated into it. Another advantage is that
there is no danger of the valve becoming locked
or immovable from accumulations of dirt behind
it. The valves do not project laterally and cannot
be injured or snapped off by blasting, or collision
- with shaft walls, thus making the Cameron
a sinking pump that is practically invulnerable
and safe from external injury.
WAGE AGREEMENT REACHED.
The operators and employes have agreed on
wage conditions in the coal mines of Franklin
county. 111. This agreement, signed by representatives
of the coal companies and the executive
board of the Illinois miners' union, covers all
shipping mines operating in FranHlin county
except the Leiter mines at Zeigler, which have
been the scene of trouble between Joseph Leiter
and union miners for several months.
A scale of forty-five cents a ton for mining, dead
work and day labor, is to be put in force in
Franklin county until April 1. 1906. This is the
same scale that prevails in Williamson county,
and it is what the men asked for.
THE RIVER IMPROVEMENTS.
The late news from Washington indicates that
the movement for the canalization of the Ohio
with a nine-foot channel rests upon a substantial
basis and that there is good ground for confidence
in the eventual consummation of the project. The
same hopeful outlook extends to the desired Delaware
river improvements. It is also clear that
these great works will be carried out without
levying on the commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
One of the items in the river and harbor bill,
it is stated upon good authority, will provide for
the purchase of the locks and dams in the Little
Kanawha river belonging to the Little Kanawha
Navigation Co. and the expenditure of $8,000 on
the improvement of the same. By the terms of
sale it will cost the government only $75,000 to
obtain possession of this valuable property. Wood
and Wirt counties and the city of Parkersburg.
which owns $81,000 of the stock, donate their in­
terest to the government, while private parties
agree to sell the balance at 50 cents on the dollar.
Great as the Ohio valley improvement is regarded
to be it probably exceeds in importance
anything that we can now imagine, for the probability
is that the effect of the construction of the
isthmian canal upon the trade of the whole Mississippi
valley is beyond all present power of conception.
ILLINOIS MINE LABOR STATISTICS.
The total output of coal in Illinois during the
last fiscal year was 37,077,897 tons, according to
the report just made public by the Illinois bureau
of labor statistics. This coal represents the entire
product of 932 mines in the 54 coal producing
counties of the state. The aggregate home value
of the year's production is placed at $50,774,223.
The report shows there are now three less mines
in operation than a year ago. 106 new mines having
been put in operation or old mines reopened.
against 109 mines closed or abandoned since the
last report. Other mining statistics are:
Total employes 54,774
Average number of miners employed durduring
year 37,987
Average number of other employes underground
9,812
Average number of boys employed underground
1,562
Average number of employes above ground 5,413
Number at work underground 49,361
Number at work on surface • 5,413
Average price paid per gross ton for hand
mining, shipping mines $0.59333
Average price paid per gross ton for machine
mining $0.4659
Number of men accidentally killed 157
Number injured so as to lose a month or
more time 507
EASTERN OHIO OPERATORS ORGANIZE.
The coal operators of Eastern Ohio met at
Wheeling on January 11 and practically perfected
plans for a consolidation of their interests for
mutual benefit. An application will be made for
a charter and the new concern will be known as
the Producers' Coal Co.
The purpose of the consolidation is to get rid
of the middlemen by distributing orders through
a sales agency to be conducted by parties to the
agreement. The company will be capitalized at
$50,000 and will have offices in Cleveland, Detroit
and Toledo. " All the operators of Pittsburgh vein
No. 8 in Belmont and Jefferson counties, O, are
in the organization. The daily output will be
about 9,000 tons.

FORMER VICE PRESIDENT
IS CHARGED WITH FRAUD.
The Columbus & Hocking Coal & Iron Co. has
entered suit against Sidney A. McManigan. its
former vice-president, now president of the Maple
Hill Co.. for the recovery of $315,000, alleging
fraud in that the profits of the company were
fraudulently diverted by him from the company
to the Maple Hill Co., and were appropriated to
his own use and benefit, while serving as president.
The Maple Hill Co. is made a party to the
suit.
McManigan was also general manager of the
Columbus & Hocking company and had full charge
of its affairs.
It is alleged in the complaint that McManigan
sold coal to the Maple Hill Co. during the period
of high prices incident to the anthracite strike
at $1.15 a ton, when between $3 and $5 a ton
was easily obtainable in the open market; that
the loss to the company by this transaction was
considerably over and at least $200,000. McManigan
is also accused of diverting the car supply of
the Columbus & Hocking Co. and sales of coal to
his own company.
PITTSBURGH'S TONNAGE FOR 1904.
Despite many and serious handicaps both in
mining and shipping, 1904 was one of the best
years in the history of the coal trade of the Pittsburgh
district. During the early part of the
lake season 51 days were lost owing to the strike
of the masters and pilots. During the entire
latter half of the year, Ohio river shipments could
not be made on account of low water. These
drawbacks and the industrial depression which
existed during the greater part of the year seriously
hampered production for long periods. During
the closing months, however, there was a reaction
amounting to the proportions of a recordbreaking
boom, and which brought the total production
for the year almost up to the figures for
1903. This total is estimated in round figures at
30,000,000 tons.
TO EXTEND COAL ROAD.
The Great Lakes Coal Co. is preparing to go
ahead with the construction of the extension of its
railroad lines from Queen Junction, on the Pittsburgh,
Bessemer & Lake Erie to New Castle, Pa.
The new line, which will be 28 miles long, will be
made a part of the Western Allegheny railroad,
which this coal company operates now between
its mines at Kaylor and the Bessemer railroad.
The bonds for these added railroad facilities have
been authorized and the right-of-way arranged for.
The company, which has been quietly working
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
on its railroad extensions, is seeking a large industrial
trade in the Mahoning valley, as well as
arranging for a lake trade through its connection
with the Bessemer railroad and dock facilities at
the terminus of that road on Lake Erie.
The new road is to be of standard gauge and
heavily constructed, so that not only coal can be
handled over it, but it will give the Carnegie interest
the opportunity it has long been seeking,
to move ore from the Bessemer docks and lines
to its furnaces in New Castle, without dependence
on other railroad interests.
The line, in addition to increasing the orehandling
facilities for the New Castle furnaces
of the Carnegie Steel Co., will also give better
transportation for the coke supply which has
often been hampered by lack of cars and congested
traffic over the other lines.
The Great Lakes Coal Co. has 23,000 acres of
coal land in Butler and Armstrong counties, and
was organized to develop trade along the lakes
and in the Northwest.
CONNELLSVILLE COKE FREIGHTS.
The following are the coke freight rates from the
Connellsville district: Pittsburgh, 80c; Mahoning
and Shenango valleys, $1.30; Baltimore, $2.05;
Boston, $3.50; Buffalo, $1.85; Cairo, $2.80; Chicago,
$2.65; Cincinnati, $2.10; Cleveland, $1.60; Columbus,
$1.65; Detroit. $2.25; East St. Louis, $2.80;
Elwood, Ind., $2.35; Joliet, $2.65; Louisville, $2.65;
New York, $2.75; Philadelphia, $2.05; St. Louis.
$3.10; Toledo, $2.25.
Mining Resumed On The Monongahela.
The Monongahela river coal mines are resuming
in full after an idleness of almost six months.
The recent rise brought renewed prosperity not
only to miners but to practically everybody in
the Monongahela valley. It is estimated that the
resumption will provide employment for 8,000 to
10,000 men.
Proposed New Coal Road.
The Parkersburg, Pomeroy & Western Railway
Co. was incorporated on December 20 at Columbus,
O. The proposition is to build a steam line of
railway from Toledo to the Ohio river, passing
through the counties of Lucas, Wood, Henry, Putnam,
Allen. Auglaize. Logan. Champaign, Clark,
Madison, Fayette, Ross, Jackson, Vinton, Gallia,
Meigs, Athens and Washington to a point on the
Ohio river opposite Parkersburg, W. Va. The proposed
route and terminal would indicate that the
promoters have in mind the building of a road
which will derive its main revenue from coal
traffic.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal and Coke Co.'s Statement.
The following is the statement of the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.
the year ending October 31, 1904, submitted at the recent annual meeting of the conipany:
RESOURCES.
1903.
Cash on hand and in banks $ 314,522.02
Accounts and bills receivable 3,616,104.11
Coal on hand 2.080,943. 52
Supplies on hand 712.940.17
Office furniture 14,284.24
Stocks of other corporations 422,050.00
Huntington & St. L.T.B.Com..charter
Investments $38.705,215.37
Total $45,866,059.43
LIABILITIES.
1903.
Preferred stock
f 9,995.000.00
Common stock
19,995,000.00
Bonds
9,350.000.00
Bonds of subsidiary companies
Certificates of indebtedness 2,060,000 .00
Current debt 2,507,390.88
Undivided profits 1,608,843.55
Undivided profits, div. paid Jan. 1904, 349,825.00
Total $45,866,059.43
1904.
$ 290,417.32
2,950,499.47
1,973,587.79
783,316.61
15,870.05
225,550.00
1,000.00
39,701,831.95
$45,942,075.19
1904.
$10,000,000.00
20,000,000.00
9,255.000.00
900,680.00
1.860,000.00
2,162,785.41
1.763,609.78
$45,942,075.19
NOTE:—The M. R. C C. & C. Co.'s proportion 92 per cent, of the
Corona Coal & Iron Co. are included in the report for 1904.
STATEMENT OF LIQUID ASSETS AMI LIABILITIES.
LIQUID ASSETS.
1903. 1904.
Cash on hand and in banks $ 314,522.02 290,417.32
Accounts and bills receivable 3,616.104.11 2,950,499.47
Coal on hand 2,080,943.52 1,973,587.79
Supplies on hand 712,940.17 783,318.61
Total $6,724,509.82 $5,997,823.19
Current debt 2,507,390.88 2,162,785. 41
Increase.
70.378.44
1.585.81
1,000.00
996,616.58
for
Decrease.
$ 24,104.70
665,604.64
107,355.73
196,500.00
$1,069,580.83 $993,565.07
Increase.
$ 5,000.00
5,000.00
900.6SO.00
154,766.23
$1,065,446.23
Decrease.
$ 95,000 .00
200,000. 00
344,605 ,47
349.825. 00
$989,430. 47
Resources and Liabilities of the
Increase.
70,378.44
$70,378.44
Decrease.
$ 24,104.70
665,604.64
107,355.73
$797,065.07
344,605.47
Excess of assets $4,217,US.94 $3,835,037.73 $452,459.60
STATEMENT OF EARNINGS—Year Ending October 31, 1904.
Profits, after deducting all expenses, bad debts and other losses
Less, Maintenance and repairs on river craft $397,131.02
Depreciation charged off 308,371.58
BOND ACCOUNTS—October 31, 1904.
Bonds outstanding October 31, 1903
Bonds paid and cancelled year ending October 31, 1904
Bonds outstanding October 31, 1904
NOTE:—Cash in sinking fund in possession of Union Trust Company of Pittsburgh,
Trustee, to be applied to payment of bonds
Since the organization of your company:
The fixed investments have increased
The bonded debt has been reduced
$1,727,767.33
706,002.60
$1,021,764.73
Interest paid on bonds $508,550.00
Interest accrued on bonds 46,275.00
Interest accrued on certificates of indebedness
Royalty on coal mined:
31,000.00
Re-investett rn coal lands and other properties $142,324.05
Used to retire bonds 128,749.45 281,173.50 866.998.50
Balance for the year
$154,766.23
Undivided profits, October 31, 1903 $1,958,668.55
Less dividend No. 8 paid January. 1904 349.825.00 1,608,843.55
Undivided profits
^L763T609778
$9,350,000.00
95,000.00
$9,255,000.00
$139,248.05
$581,217.13
745,000.00

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
Coal lands purchased on the Monongahela River
Mined 3742
Sold 229
Decrease
35il acres
3971 acres
460 acres
COAL MINED, PITTSBURGH DISTRICT.
Bushels.
Tons.
Year ending October 31, 1900 143 815 363 5,464,984
31, 1901 15l',29L197 5,749,065
31, 1902 165.146,819 6,275,579
31. 1903 193.221.674 7,342,424
31, 1904 109,435,394 4,158,544)
Ohio Valley Coal & Mining Co., year ending Oct., 1904
86,212)4,666,278
Corona Coal & Iron Co., year ending Oct. 31, 1904
421,522)
A dividend of seventy-seven (77) cents per share, on the preferred stock, payable January 25
is declared.
To THE STOCKHOLDERS OF THE MONONGAHELA RIVER CONSOLIDATED COAL & COKE CO.:
We have passed through a year of trying and unusually severe conditions. Floods and ice
gorges, followed by six months of low water, accidents to niarine transportation, which no care
or precaution can prevent, have been bunched into the past year, making it at times impossible
to operate the mines or to transport the coal when loaded, and have resulted in unusual loss of life
and property. These conditions coming in a year of industrial depression have resulted in cutting
down the company's revenues, and increasing its expenses.
Your property is in better physical condition than ever before. The same conservative bookkeeping
that has existed in the past has been maintained, and the financial condition of the company
is sound and healthy.
The foregoing statement at the close of business October 31, 1904, is respectfully submitted.
INDIVIDUAL PRODUCTION OF
THE ANTHRACITE COMPANIES.
While the totals for 1904 have not yet been
summed up, except in a very few instances, it is
apparent that none of the big anthracite producers
fell far behind its 1903 production, but
that several have had a record year.
The Delaware. Lackawanna & Western Co.
mined more than 50,000 tons in excess of its production
for 1903. During the past year, however,
its collieries were not closed down for any lengthened
time, but a mine here and there suspended
operations according to the state of the market.
Its collieries worked, in all probability, steadier
than those of any corporation in the anthracite
region. It will be no surprise if the official returns
for the year should show that the Lackawanna
company is second on the list of the anthracite
producing companies, instead of being fourth.
The output of the Scranton Coal Co. is also expected
to be as heavy as that of the preceding
year, which will prove the most remarkable feature
of the anthracite figures of the year. This
company was deprived of the output of its two
largest collieries for the entire twelve months,
both the Pine Brook and the Throop breakers
having been destroyed by fire. They are now rebuilt,
and operations will be resumed in the
course of a few weeks. The output of the Temple
Iron Co. also shows a gain on the figures of the
previous year. The collieries worked steadily,
(Signed) FRANCIS L. ROBBINS, President.
excepting during the dull period in the summer,
when the company suffered from the depression.
Estimates have not been prepared by the coal
department of the Delaware & Hudson Co.. but
there is no doubt that the tonnage of 1903 will
not be reached, for various reasons. The company
has two of its largest breakers idle owing
to their being destroyed by fire more than twelve
months ago. Both are yet far from being completed.
The collieries were also closed down for
various periods during the summer depression.
The figures for 1904 will, in all probability, be
considerably lower than those for 1903.
During the year 1903 the Pennsylvania, Hillside
and the Erie Coal Cos. mined the huge total of
over 6,000,000 tons, which easily made a record
year, and very difficult to surpass. For that reason
the tonnage of the past year will, it is estimated,
fall about 400,000 tons short of this record.
A New B. C& O. Coal Line.
It is announced that the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
Co. is preparing to run a new line from Confluence,
85 miles South of Pittsburgh, through
Fayette and Greene counties in Pennsylvania to
Wheeling, W. Va. It is said that surveys are
now being made for the line, which will open
extensive coal fields in Pennsylvania and in Preston
county. W. Va. Much of the property to be
opened is leased by the Livengood Coal & Coke Co.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
The continued improvement in the industrial
situation together with generally unchanged transportation
and weather conditions has kept coal in
firm demand during the first two weeks of the
year with prices practically unchanged. There
has been a relapse in the demand in the West and
Southwest as a result of milder weather but it
has been offset by conditions in the East. The
dullness which characterized the Chicago and St.
Louis markets during the last quarter of 1904 is
again apparent after a short season of activity
brought about by favorable weather conditions.
Activity is still increasing in the South as a
result of the better industrial outlook. A serious
shortage exists at New Orleans and lower Mississippi
points owing to low water in the river and
the increased local demand for Tennessee and
Alabama coal. The present stage of the Mississippi
at this time of year is unusual and if of
long duration may entail hardships upon Southern
consumers. At this writing there is every prospect
of another good river coal movement on the
Ohio, the tributaries of that stream oeing swollen
as a result of soft weather following a heavy
snow fall. It is estimated that from 6,000,000 to
10,000,000 bushels will leave the Pittsburgh field.
The December rise proved a disappointment owing
to the brevity of the boating stage, the prevalence
of heavy ice and consequent disasters which
blocked channels at various places and retarded
many shipments. The heavy demand at Cincinnati,
Louisville and intermediate points absorbed
the entire river shipment but a part of the
shipment now ready may be available for relieving
the extreme Southern market. In the West
Virginia field there has been a satisfactory improvement
in weather conditions affecting production,
so that water shortage is no longer causing
trouble. Transportation conditions, however, have
not improved materially in either the West Virginia
or the Western Pennsylvania fields and are
still hampering shipments. There has been no
particular change in Pittsburgh prices, run-of-mire
being quoted at $1.00 to $1.15 per ton.
Despite continued heavy increases in the coke
output prices are advancing steadily, the quotations
on both furnace and foundry being above the
$3.00 mark for spot, with little prospect of delivery.
First half furnace rules firm at $2.50
to $2.75. There has been some improvement in
labor conditions in the Connellsville coke region
and the weekly output is now about 300,000 tons,
this figure including the production of the Mason­
town fields. The shipments, owing to the car
shortage and weather conditions adverse to rapid
handling, are considerably below the production.
In the Atlantic seaboard soft coal trade the demand
continues heavy with a slight improvement
in the supply due to somewhat better transportation
conditions. Severe weather in the New England
states has still further strained the tension
in that section and advances in prices are reported.
At Philadelphia- and Baltimore the market
is somewhat easier. The demand in New
York harbor continues to be.brisk, with quotations
of $3.00 f. o. b. for "ordinary." steam grades and
from that figure to $3.25 n ^nr~*th.e better grades.
The anthracite market continues firm along all
lines, with urgent demands' for domestic sizes
from the middle and Eastern states. In the far
East there has been no improvement in supply
conditions and fancy prices are quoted at several
points where the shortage is greatest. The Western
anthracite market continues easy with steady
demand in domestic sizes and unchanged prices.
The production continues to increase and the rail
transportation situation shows signs of improvement.
The New York harbor demand continues
good with prices practically unchanged. The
same is true of Philadelphia, but at Baltimore an
advance of 25 cents per ton is quoted on all grades.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
a steady market and the following price quotations:
Best Welsh steam coal, $3.48; seconds,
$3.30; thirds. $3.12; dry coals, $3.18; best Monmouthshire,
$3.06; seconds, $3.00; best small
steam coal, $1.92; seconds, $1.80; other sorts, $1.68.
New Operations In Eastern Ohio.
Six new coal mines are to be opened in Belmont
county, Ohio, within the next three months and
when in full operation will employ not less than
2,000 men. The Youghiogheny & Ohio Central
Coal Co. is spending $50,000 to open one new mine
on Glenn's run near Martin's Ferry. The Pennsylvania
railroad is building a three-mile line at
a cost of $9,000 to connect with the Y. & O. holdings
which consist of 1,300 acres. The Provident
Coal Co. will be working 300 men at a new mine
near St. Clairsville by the middle of March. The
Empire Co. will start one new mine South of
Bellaire and the Glencoe Coal Co. will have a new
opening ready for work by the last of February.

FIFTH DISTRICT MINERS
HOLD THEIR CONVENTION.
The sixteenth annual convention of the United
Mine Workers of the Fifth district of Pennsylvania
was held last week in Pittsburgh. On all
questions of importance the proceedings were harmonious
and what little sentiment against employers
was manifested during the discussion of
grievances was changed by evidence and assurance
that no occasion existed for hostile action.
The high personal esteem in which President Patrick
Dolan and the other principal officers are
held, and the general confidence in their ability
and integrity, was amply shown by the fact that
they were re-elected without a dissenting vote in
a poll of over 7,000. It was Mr. Dolan's ninth reelection.
The annual report and address of President
Dolan embodied a review of the principal events
and incidents of the year. Mr. Dolan took advantage
of the occasion to point out the unvarying
benefit derived during the year through following
the advice of the leaders and settling all disputes
with employers without recourse to strikes
or hostile manifestations.
The secretary's report showed that the membership
in the district had grown to 23,844, a gain of
nearly 3,400 in the last year. A satisfactory balance
in the treasury was announced and the only
unpleasant feature of the report was the revelation
that some dishonesty had existed among those
handling the funds of local unions. The losses
were not of sufficient extent to cause embarrassment.
The election of officers resulted as follows:
President, Patrick Dolan; vice-president, Uriah
Bellingham; secretary-treasurer, William Dodds;
national executive board member, William Little.
District executive board, J. W. Fisher. John
Dwyer, A. J. Kwaterski. Frank McKenna, Thomas
Dean, John McCartney, Matthew Kerrigan,
Thomas Phillips, Thomas Sheehan. Auditor, John
Stephard. District tellers, Daniel Laughlin,
Thomas Feeney.
The scale committee submitted the following report:
"We, the scale committee, find no violation of
the interstate agreement and recommend that the
following matters be taken up:
"First—Scale for outside day labor.
"Second—That thick slate should be paid for
and price inserted in the scale.
"Third—House coal for employes.
"Fourth—Company store question.
"We recommend that a committee and our district
officials meet the operators after the convention
and adjust these matters."
Secretary Dodds. speaking to a resolution, declared
the district president, Patrick Dolan, was
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
a receptive candidate for nomination for the legislature
from Washington county, and asked the
convention to place itself squarely on record in
the support of their district president. The resolution
had unanimous endorsement.
Chicago Coal Statistics.
ANTHRACITE RECEIPTS.
1904, Tons. 1903, Tons.
By lake 939,035 1,176,306
By rail S47.134 993,083
Totals 1,786,169 2,169,399
Shipments to outside points. 519,349 606,711
BITUMINOUS RECEIPTS.
Source of Supply. 1904, Tons. 1903, Tons.
Pennsylvania 478,489 617,521
Ohio 571,776 666,265
West Virginia 961,395 908,154
Illinois 4,044,626 4,301,803
Indiana 2,668,381 2,610,716
Totals 8,724,667 9,104,459
Coke received 367,596 591,125
Total bituminous coal & coke.9,092,263 9.695,584
BITUMINOUS SHIPMENTS.
1904, Tons. 1903, Tons.
Coal 2,092,161 2,184,193
Coke 245,052 375,942
NEW COAL LINE FOR NOVA SCOTIA.
The Mabou & Gulf Railway Co., composed of
Boston and Nova Scotia capitalists, are making
preparations to commence the construction of a
railway line from their collieries at Mabou to
Orangedale, on the Intercolonial Railway, a distance
of forty miles. The purpose of this is to
secure an outlet for the supply of the local markets
throughout the province during the close season.
The company has a large pier, where it will ship
.he coal in the summer months. Only one or two
cargoes were shipped last summer, but next year
i large output is expected, as several important
orders have been booked, both in the provinces
and along the St. Lawrence. The company has
three seams of coal, seven, eight and fifteen feet
in depth respectively.
Tennessee's Coal Production.
Tennessee's coal production during 1904 was
4,500,000 short tons, valued at $5,620,000. This is
an increase of more than half a million dollars
over the output of 1903. More than 16,500 persons
are employed in the mining industries of the
state, whose aggregate wages for the year 1904
amounted to $6,550,000.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
RETAIL TRADE NOTES.
(•
The Truax & Betts Elevator Co. is planning to
enter the coal business and will erect sheds at
Worthington, Minn.
#
The Northwestern Anthracite Coal Co. has sold
its business at Spadra, Ark., to the Eureka Anthracite
Co.
The North Side Lumber & Fuel Co. has been incorporated
with capital stock of $25,000 at Milwaukee.
The A. B. Meyer Coal Co. has opened another
yard at Indianapolis, making six yards now operated.
McKahan & Dowell is a new firm handling all
kinds of building material and fuel at Ligonier,
Ind.
M. A. Kroetch & Co. have sold their lumber and
L. W. Jackson has engaged in the coal business
at Chanute, Kan.
coal business at Ord. Neb., to the Dierks Lumber
Co.
*
Cockrell & Scott have purchased the coal and
grain business of Langdon Bros, at Gretna, Neb.
#
E. E. Titus, of the Cherokee Mill & Elevator
Co.. has established a coal yard at Cherokee. Ok.
*
The Winter & Ames Elevator Co. is now handling
coal and wood at Devil's Lake, N. Kak.
The Bowie Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Denton, Tex., with a capital stock of $50,000.
Louis Robertson has sold his interest in the
Kearney Coal Co. at Kearney, Neb.
The Chicago Lumber & Coal Co. has sold out its
business at Falls City, Neb.
*
The assignment is reported of the Marceline
Coal Co., of Marceline, Mo.
The E. D. Fisher Land & Coal (JO. has been incorporated
at Jewel, Kan.
Isaac Haynes has engaged in the coal and wood
business at Ottawa, Kan.
*
Speaker Bros, have opened a coal and feed yard
at Coldwater, Mich.
The Star Ice & Fuel Co. has been incorporated
at Ritzville, Wash.
Roullier & Larsen have opened a new coal yard
at Mishicot, Wis.
C. F. Cooley is to open a new coal yard in West
Madison, Wis.
OHIO MINERS RE-ELECT HASKINS.
The annual convention of District No. 6, United
Mine Workers, embracing Ohio and part of Pennsylvania
and West Virginia, was held last week at
Columbus, O. President W. H. Haskins, Vice-
President D. H. Sullivan and Secretary-Treasurer
G. W. Savage were re-elected. The secretary's
report showed that the organization is in good
shape financially, the balance in the treasury aggregating
$61,400.
To The City of Mexico.
On January 8 double daily through Pullman
R. H. Traill Coal Co. has been incorporated to Car Service was inaugurated between St. Louis
handle coal and fuel at Austin, 111.
and the City of Mexico, via the IRON MOUNTAIN
ROUTE, Texas & Pacific, International & Great
The William McCool Coal & Wood Co. has gone Northern, and National Railroad of Mexico, via
into business at Bay City. Mich.
Laredo. This service will shorten the time from
Miles Lemaster has engaged in the coal and
wood business at Ottawa, Kan.
St. Louis and points North and East, on No. l's
connection, nineteen liours and forty minutes,
leaving St. Louis at 2:21 P. M., arriving Mexico
City at 10:50 A. M. third morning; and shorten
the time on No. 5's connection eleven hours, leav­
M. L. Plott & Co., of Lafayette, have established
ing St. Louis at 8:20 P. M„ arriving Mexico City
a coal yard at Lebanon, Ind.
at 7:30 P. M., third evening. For rates and other
*
information address John R. James, Central Pass­
La Due & Carmer, of Auburn, Ind., have opened
enger Agent, 315 Bessemer building, Pittsburgh
a coal yard at Fort Wayne.
Pa.

Baker Run Coal & Coke Co., Fairmont, W. Va.;
capital, $200,000; incorporators, J. Hugh Martin,
C. Kelly, L. C. Wyer. R. E. Mason, Haymer Talkington,
M. D. Orr, E. A. Billingslea, H. A. Bartlett,
J. P. Ashcraft and J. A. Swiger, of Fairmont;
E. J. Sypult, of Haywood; Z. M. Reese and E. E.
Girod, of Watson.
— H —
Knickerbocker Smokeless Coal Co., Blairsville;
capital, $6,000; incorporators, J. B. Irish, Ned
Irish, Norristown; W. P. Graff. F. M. Graff. Blairsville;
Telford Lewis, Hooversville.
1
McCally Coal & Coke Co., Clarksburg, W. Va.;
capital. $50,000; incorporators, C. K. McCalley,
James T. Durdig. R. R. Kablegard. John Kablegard,
John L. Ruhl, Clarksburg.
—+—
H. & W. A. Hitchens Coal Co., Cumberland, Md.;
capital. $100,000; incorporators, John S. Brophy,
Otto Honing, Emery G. Hitchens, W. Arthur Hitchens
and Howard Hitchens.
—H
The Star Supply & Mining Co., Logan, O.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, John P. Rochester,
Addo C. Tipton, Henry Jones, Elinor W. Keck and
Edmund D. Keck.
—+—
Chattanooga Land & Coal Co.; capital, $25,000;
incorporators, C. E. James, O. F. James, D. F.
Beckham, I. T. Strong and T. B. Webster, Chattanooga,
Tenn.
—+—
Maryland Coal & Coke Co., Baltimore; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, J. A. Jones, C. W. Neff,
W. B. Givin, C. D. Galbreath. G. S. Hall, Charleston,
W. Va.
—+—
Peerless Mining Co.. Cleveland; capital, $50,000;
incorporators, Paul S. Crawford, Geo. W. Schooley,
S. C. Crafford, W. E. Newcomb and George W.
Staiger.
— H —
Hartman Coal Co., Coshocton, O.; capital, $400,-
000; incorporators, John A. Hartman, W. F. Wegley,
F. E. Pomerene, Howard E. Hahn and W. B.
Smith.
—+—
Johnston-Ayres Coal Co., Cleveland; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, J. Johnston, C. L. Ayres,
C. A. Jewell, A. M. Snyder and E. G. Derr.
C. A. Field has entered the coal business at
Dieterich, 111.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
MINE ACCIDENTS DECREASING
UNDER NEW RULES IN OHIO.
That the new rules proniulgated by the department
of the Ohio state mine inspector, for the
safety of the miners, recently placed in effect, are
accomplishing the purpose for which they were
devised, is shown by the reduced number of accidents
reported to the department from mining
communities. The agitation for additional protection
for the miners was started in October.
Since that time the percentage of accidents has
diminished very perceptibly, and it is the belief
of Chief Mine Inspector George Harrison that it
will fall lower if the rules are followed closely.
The rules were not put into effect until early
in December, and the fact that there was a reduction
in the number of accidents prior to that
time, Mr. Harrison attributes to the wide publicity
given to the fact that the department had
started to work out a plan to prevent accidents
and which pointed out the necessity for the cooperation
of the interested parties in the movement.
During the year just ended there were 122 fatal
accidents in the mines of Ohio, 25 of which occurred
in Jefferson county, Belmont county being
second with 24. Since the close of the fiscal year,
November 15. 1903, a period of 13% months. 142
miners have been killed. Chief Harrison expects
that this year's record will show a large decrease
in the number of fatalities.
Meeting of Pittsburgh Vein Operators.
The annual meeting of the Pittsburgh Vein
Operators Association was held in Cleveland on
January 9. Reports showed that the past year
was a very successful one, the output of coal for
1904 showing a big increase over that of 1903,
notwithstanding a strike during May. Only one
change was made in the list of officers selected for
the ensuing year, L. Hornickel being elected a
member of the executive board. Mr. Hornickel
represents the Hanna interests. The officers chosen
are: President, T. E. Young; vice-president.
H. B. Nye; secretary, P. H. McBride; treasurer.
H. S. Robbins; members of the executive board,
F. M. Osborne. Edward Johnson, H. E. Willard.
J. J. Roby, L. Hornickel, L. F. Newman, of Pittsliurgh,
John Newell and C. E. Maurer.
Further Increase For Alabama Miners.
The miners employed by the Tennessee Coal,
Iron & Railroad Co., the Sloss-Sheffield Steel &
Iron Co. and the Republic Iron & Steel Co. will
receive an increase of flve cents a ton for cutting
coal during the present month. This brings the
wage up to the maximum of 57y, cents. The increase
is based on the selling price of pig iron during
December.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WHIPPLE COLLIERY COMPANY'S PLANT.
The plant of the Whipple Collier Company, situated in Fayette county, W. Va., was built from
plans prepared by and under the superintendence of The W. G. Wilkins Conipany, Engineers, of
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Clinchfield Property Sold.
The buyers of 12,000 acres of coal lands in Wise
and Dickinson counties, W. Va., from the Clinchfield
corporation are H. B. Collins & Co., of New
York, and Eugene Zimmerman, of Cincinnati. The
purchase is regarded as the explanation of the
recently announced determination of the Cincin­
nati, Hamilton & Dayton railroad to erect a bridge
across the Ohio at Huntington, or Ironton, and
50 miles of track to connect tnat road with the
coal fields of West Virginia which will thereby
be connected directly with the Great Lakes and
Chicago.
The purchase of these coal lands includes also
the purchase of two railroads, the Virginia and
Southeastern, and the Virginia and Southwestern.
The total price paid is $3,300,000. Hollins and
Zimmerman assume the bonded indebtedness,
amounting to $600,000 and a general indebtedness
of $1,100,000, or a total of $1,700,000 and also pay
$1,600,000 in cash.
Two other offers were made recently for the
Clinchfield properties. One was on the part of
the Union Trust Co., of Baltimore, acting for
New York banking interests. The other came
from Southern parties.
Another Raise For Anthracite Miners.
According to the report sent out on January 10
by Commissioner Neil on the miners' sliding scale,
the average selling price of coal for December at
tidewater was $4.86 per ton. This will give the
miners an increase of seven per cent, in wages.
the same as during the two previous months.
Home-Seekers' Excursions.
West, Northwest and Southioest via
Pennsylvania Lines.
Excursion tickets will he sold via Pennsylvania
Lines to points West, Northwest and Southwest,
account Home-Seekers' Excursions, during December,
January, February, March and April. For
full particulars regarding fares, routes, etc., call
on J. K. Dillon, District Passenger Agent, 515 Park
Building. Pittsburgh, Pa.

A plan for the adjustment of disputes between
employers and wage-earners has been organized in
Hamilton. Ont. In its development, the example
of the National Civic Federation in promoting
better relations between employer and employed
in the United States was cited as an edifying and
encouraging example. The plan consists of a permanent
tribunal of conciliation and arbitration,
formed by the joint action of the local Trades and
Labor Council and the Hamilton Board of Trade.
* * »
The Tennessee Coal & Iron Railroad Co. has
closed a contract for the services of the convicts
of Jefferson county, Ala., for a period of four
years. It agrees to pay $25 per month for all
male convicts over 16 years of age whose sentence
for crime is 12 months or over; $1S per month
for the same under sentence of less than 12
months and $10 per month for all boys and female
convicts.
* * 3
William Filler, a life convict, and a member of
a squad under contract at a coal mine at Pratt
City, Ala., exploded a stick of dynamite in a car
co-taining 125 convicts on their way from work,
killing one convict and seriously wounding a
guard and a railway employe. Filler intended to
escape during the confusion, but was prevented
from doing so.
* * *
The convention held at Tamaqua. Pa., of Seventh
district, of the United Mine Workers of
America, passed a resolution favoring the election
of mine inspectors and members of the mine
examining boards by the vote of miners, and that
none but mine workers be allowed to vote for
candidates for these offices.
* * *
The United Mine Workers of Alabama, through
President Flynn and Secretary Clemo, have offered
a reward of $1,000 for the arrest or information
leading to the arrest of the person or persons
who shot and seriously wounded W. S. Swiney. a
union miner, at Johns on the night of December
26.
* * *
The assessment of $1 a week levied against the
union miners at work in the Birmingham, Ala.,
district, which has been in effect since last July,
has been reduced to 50 cents. As there are about
5,000 men at work this decrease saves the miners
$2,500 a week.
* * *
The miners of the Wade and Morgan run mines
in Ohio, whose truce expired recently, have determined
to remain at work until after the state con­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. II
vention of the United Mine Workers, as their case
will be presented there.
m * *
The trouble over the scale used in weighing
coal at No. 6 Walston mine, near Punxsutawney,
Pa., has been settled and the 200 miners affected
have returned to work, after having been idle
about three weeks.
ALABAMA MINING REPORT.
The casualty section of the annual report for
1904 of John M. Gray, chief mine inspector of
Alabama, has been hied. The section on production
will not be ready for some time yet but
Mr. Gray estimates the state's coal output at 12,-
000,000 tons and that of coke at 2,000,000 tons
The section filed shows that during 1904 there
were 86 fatal accidents in the mines of Alabama,
and that the non-fatal accidents amounted to 83.
In 1903 the number killed was 57; in 1902 51 were
killed, and in 1901 only 41 were killed. Of the
fatal and non-fatal accidents, a large number resulted
from carelessness on the part of the deceased
and injured, according to the report. Especially
was this true of the accidents and deaths
resulting from falling rock and blasts with powder
and dynamite.
Coal Interests Merged.
The Dering Coal Co., recently incorporated in
Delaware with a capital of $5,000,000, was organized
by J. K. Dering, of Chicago, to consolidate
under one management 14 of the leading coal
mines on the line of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois
railroad in Illinois and Indiana, and the
Evansville & Terre Haute in the latter state. Full
information as to the extent of the consolidation
of these coal interests is not yet obtainable, but
it is known that out of the formation of the company
will grow one of the most important coal
companies in the West, which will not only include
many properties producing steam and domestic
bituminous coals, but the block properties
of the Brazil (Ind.) field as well.
Coal Companies Change Retail Quarters.
The Pittsburgh retail offices of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. and the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co. have been located in the House
building. Heretofore the retail business of the
Monongahela conipany has been done from the
offices at Wood and Water streets, and that of the
Pittsburgh conipany from the office on Fifth avenue.
The retail business of the river company is
being operated under the name of the Monongahela
Coal Co. The various changes have been
made for the convenience of patrons.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
An exceptionally handsome and useful souvenir
is ine Washington Coal & Coke Co.'s diary for
1905. The space allotted for the daily journal is
ample for any ordinary need, besides which there
is provision for bill and cash records. The construction
of the diary is almost luxurious and
the typography far beyond the accepted standard.
The work also contains a large amount of statistical
information, business and reference tables,
etc., the whole forming a particularly acceptable
acquisition to any office equipment.
o o o
An extensive line of air compressors is described
in the advance sheets of catalogue No. 36,
of the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. Nine classes
of machines, including straight line and duplex,
and for all driving systems, are described and
illustrated. The booklet contains 100 pages of
which a dozen are devoted to heat and power
tables and miscellaneous power information,
which makes the work a valuable compendium
aside from its general usefulness in showing the
progress of air compressor construction and application.
It is announced that catalogue 36 will
contain much additional information and many
more illustrations.
o o o
The general sales agency of the New Pittsburgh
Coal Co. sent out under date of January 1
a new rate card in the form of a neat folder containing
price lists, conditions, terms and instructions.
The following f. o. b. mines short ton
rates on genuine thick-vein Hocking coal are quoted,
ten cents per ton to be added for loading in
box cars: Domestic lump, $1.60; three-quarter
inch screened lump, $1.50; run-of-mine, $1.40; domestic
nut, $1.00; pea, 75c; nut, pea and slack,
75c; coarse slack, 50c.
The Borden & Sellick Co., of Chicago, has issued
a supplementary booklet describing a number of
coal handling plants built by it and its lines of
machinery adaptable to this class of work. Five
full-page photographic views of plants are given,
together with letters testifying to the users' appreciation
of the Borden-Sellick system. There
are also several sectional views of plants, conveyors,
elevators, etc., which serve to thoroughly
illustrate the system. The remainder of the
space is devoted to cuts and descriptions of coal
handling machinery. o o o
Artistic taste and skillful typography are
blended in the handsome calendars received from
the Iron Mountain route and the Missouri Pacific
railway. The former is in black and white and
bears the steer's head wliich is a regular feature
of the Iron Mountain calendars. The other is
elaborately done in colors, each of the twelve
calendar leaves carrying a beautiful view taken in
Missouri Pacific territory.
o o o
Among the late calendars received are those of
the United Coal Co. and the Altoona Coal & Coke
Co. The former is adorned with a handsome reproduction,
in the original colors, of Brenner's
famous painting "Reverie." The other bears a
scene in the vicinity of the Altoona Coal & Coke
Co.'s plant, showing in the foreground a train-load
of the company's product.
o o o
"Something new in Air Compression" is the
title of a six-page folder sent out by the Norwalk
Iron Works Co. It details the various requirements
for wliich the company builds air and gas
compressors and presents in compact form the
advantages of its machines giving both high and
low pressures.
OHIO'S COAL OUTPUT FOR 22 YEARS.
Years.
1872....
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877 . 5,250,000
187S. . . . 5,500,000
1879
6,000,000
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
18S5
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
Output, Tons.
. 5,313,294
. 4,550,028
. 3,267,585
. 4,864,259
. 3,500,000
. 7,000,000
. 8,225,000
. 9,450.000
. 8.229,429
. 7,650,062
. 7,816,179
. 8,435,211
. 10,301,708
. 10,910,946
. 10,907,385
. 11,788,859
. 13,050,187
. 14,599,908
. 14,828,097
. 11,910,219
. 13,683.879
. 12,912,608
. 12,448,822
. 14,058,155
. 15,908,934
. 19,426,649
. 20,321,290
. 23,929,267
. 24,573,266
Gain.
1,596,674
1,750,000
250,000
500,000
1,000.000
1.225,000
1,225,000
166,117
619,0.32
1,866,479
613,338
881,474
1,261,328
1,549,721
228,189
1,773,660
1,609,333
1,850,799
3,517,715
S94,641
3.607,977
643,979
Loss.
76,526
128,224
1,364,259
1,220,571
579,367
3,561
2,917,878
771,271
463,786

When the first two tons of anthracite coal were
brought into Philadelphia in 1803, the good people
of that city, so the records state, "tried to burn
the stuff, but at length, disgusted, they broke it
up and made a walk of it." Fourteen years later
Colonel George Shoemaker sold eight or ten wagon
loads of it in the same city, but warrants were
soon issued for his arrest for taking money under
false pretenses.
—o—
The warning to union miners to stay away from
Cabin Creek, W. Va., published in certain alleged
labor organs two weeks after a settlement was
effected through the extraordinary toleration and
generosity of the operators, lends credence to the
reports that the natives of some sections of this
enlightened country are still voting for Andrew
Jackson.
—o—
Governor Pennypacker proposes to lay on each
ton of coal mined "a tax so small that it would
not be felt by consumers." If his excellency reads
the daily papers he is already aware of the impossibility
of the proposition as framed by him.
—o—
The steady increases in wages which the miners
on the Pratt seam in Alabama have been getting
must be galling to those who refused to stand by
their employers when trade conditions made the
present high rates impossible.
The Anthracite Record.
The anthracite coal shipments for 1904
amounted to 57,492,522 tons, as against 59,362.831
tons for the previous year. This showing is considered
very good, especially when it is taken
into account that for three months there was
little done in the anthracite coal trade. The production
last month was 5,063,144 tons, as against
4,252,748 tons for the same month in 1903. It is
generally conceded if it had not been for the
slump in general business during July, August
and September the shipments of anthracite coal
last year would have been the largest in the history
of anthracite mining. For months at a time
over 5,000,000 tons were mined, and it is likely
if the supply of cars could have been regulated
even a higher tonnage would have resulted.
Negotiations are in progress whereby the Struthers
Furnace Co., of Struthers, O.. is trying to buy
500 acres of coal land near Masontown, Pa. It is
understood that the property is held at $1,000 an
acre.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
Mr. O. A. Blackburn, one of the best known coal
men in the Pittsburgh district, has been apponted
sales agent of the rail coal sales department of
the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke
Co. Mr. Blackburn was the general manager of
the mines department of the Monongahela company
from October, 1899, until March 1, last.
Prior to his connection with the Monongahela company
he was for many years general manager of
the Lysle Coal Co., whose interests were sold to
the Monongahela conipany.
Announcement is made of the resignation of
Mr. D. F. Maroney as vice-president of the Shawmut
Coal & Coke Co. No statement regarding
Mr. Maroney's plans for the future has been
made but his wide experience in the field of railroad
transportation and the eminent degree of
success that has attended his administration precludes
the possibility of his retirement from the
sphere of usefulness in which he has participated
so actively and so advantageously to the interests
he has served.
The Davis Coal & Coke Co. announces the resignation
of Mr. Joseph E. Davis as general manager
of sales, and the appointment of Mr. A. J.
Porter to the position thus made vacant. The
changes become effective January 1. Mr. Porter's
headquarters are at No. 1 Broadway, New York
City.
R. Z. Virgin, formerly mine superintendent for
the Frick Coke Co., at Mount Pleasant, and now
in a like capacity with the Brier Hill Coke Co.,
near Uniontown, has resigned to accept the superintendency
of the new operations of the Jenner-
Quemahoning Coal Co. near Somerset, Pa.
The Shawmut Mining Co. announces the appointment
of Mr. George S. Ramsay as general
superintendent of mines, with authority to direct
all mining and coke operations.
One-Way Settlers' Fares to South and Southeast.
One-way excursion tickets to points in Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina, Tennessee and
Virginia, account Settlers' Excursions, will be sold
from all ticket stations on the Pennsylvania Lines,
during December, January, February, March and
April. For full particulars consult J. K. Dillon,
District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building, Pittsburgh,
Pa.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
i'i
PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS.
The towboat Defender, owned by the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., was
practically destroyed at Huntington, W. Va., on
January 3 by a boiler explosion ascribed to "pit"
due to the acidity and impurity of the river water
for several months past. The Defender was moving
up stream with a tow of empty barges, on
her way to Pittsburgh. Nine of the crew lost
tlieir lives in the accident and nearly all the remainder
were more or less injured.
According to the report of the government geological
survey, Washington is the only one of the
Pacific states producing true coal. All of the
product from Oregon and California is lignitic in
character. Some of the Washington coals have
the characteristics of anthracite, some are true
coking coals, and some natural coal has been produced.
The Pennsylvania Railroad Co. is experimenting
with fuel composed of soft and hard coal.
The test is being made on the Schuylkill division.
and a locomotive has been equipped specially for
the purpose. Buckwheat anthracite is mixed with
a small size of bituminous. The test has been
successful so far.
An action to recover $120,000 from the Green
Ridge Coal Co. has been begun at Scranton, Pa..
by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Co., the
claim being for coal alleged to have been unlawfully
mined from lands belonging to the latter
company.
Operations have been resumed at all the coal
mines along the Somerset and Cambria branch
of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, between Somerset
and Rockwood, Pa. The Shamrock and Bando
mines are running day and night.
For locomotive purposes last year England consumed
9,251.563 tons of coal. Scotland 1,790,758
tons and Ireland 357.092 tons.
MISSOURI COAL MINING REPORT.
The sale of two tracts of coal lands near Uniontown,
Pa., for $55,000 is announced. One tract
contained 83 acres and the other 36 acres. They
were owned by Congressman and Mrs. A. F.
Cooper, Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Lackey, Mr. and Mrs.
W. A. Stone and George L. Hibbs, of Uniontown,
and John C. Neff, of Masontown, and were sold
to the Connellsville Central Coal & Coke Co.
A company composed principally of British and
German capitalists has been formed for the purpose
of working a recently discoved coal field near
Sabinas, in the state of Coahuila, Mexico. The
principal vein is from seven to eight feet wide
and underlies an area of 15,000 acres. The new
coal field is about 7 ] The following statistics are taken from the last
annual report of the state mine inspector of Missouri.
The table shows the growth of the coal industry
during the last 15 years. Practically the
entire output is consumed locally.
Tons. Price. Value.
1889 2,223,477 "Jl.3.6 $3,030,414
1890 2,437,399 ' 1.32 3,234,351
1891 2.650.018 -1.31 3,480.867
1892 3,017,285 -'1.27 3,825,828
1893 3,190.442 1.25 3,999,681
1894 2,383,322 • 1.26 3,013,075
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
L. miles from the Mexican
1902
International railway.
1903
2,283,081
2.420,147
2,429,388
2,838,152
3.191,811
2,995,022
3,812,527
4,063,572
4,265,328
' 1.17
1.13
1.10
1.10
1.12
1.21
1.24
1.31
1.58
2.675,690
2,741,711
2,684,757
3,148,862
3.582,111
3,643,975
4,716,331
5,325,832
6,730,515
44,201,971 $1.26 $55,834,000
The coal industry of the state employed in and
about mines during the winter season 10,517 men
and during the summer season 7,837, or an average
throughout the year of 9,177 men. There were
348 mines operated, of which 165 were shaft openings,
60 slope openings, 76 drift openings and 47
strip pits. The power used was distributed as
follows: Steam plants 102, horse power 119, hand
power 79 and 10 electric plants. The mines were
ventilated by 82 fans as against 100 furnaces and
122 by natural means. The mines were operated
under the lorg wall system at 141 places and under
the pillar and room at 164 places. There were
123,562 kegs of powder consumed in the mines in
extracting the coal, furnished at a cost of $246,-
770.10.
Big Coal Strike In Germany.
A great coal strike has been inaugurated in the
Rhenish provinces of Prussia. The strike may
involve 200.000 miners, crippling the German coal
industry. The men went out because of the refusal
of the companies to grant them higher
wages and shorter hours.

UNDERGRO igtO;.^M R FACE
fi INCLINE MWTft ROPE
HAULAGE ^£L£ITS.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
ESTABLISHED lti57
A.LESCHEN &S0N5 ROPE
ST. LOU IS, MO.
BRANCH OFFICES.
NEW YORK CHICAGO
DENVER SAN FRANCISCO
CO.
WIRE ROPE
FOR
MINES,
QUARRIES,
ELEVATORS,
AERI=A:>-WIRE ROPE
TRAMWAYS
, LESCHEN SYSTEMS
DUSEDAU SYSTEM
^mmM^a^i
The American Mfg. Go.
Manila, Sisal and Jute Cordage
65 WALL ST. NEW YORK. " AMERICAN " Cordage
comes straight from o u r
Mill lo you. It is under our
control from the opening of
the fibre bale until the finished
rope is shipped ; uniform
and perfect workmanship
therefore assured.
"A«ERiuArr N o SMis P sio E
is the best example of the
rope maker's art.
Samples, prices, our cordage
folder "ROPE" and " A
LITTLE BLUE BOOK
ON ROPE TRANSMIS­
SION" sent free upon request.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
-***- OOAL*
AND
ff
->»
>
w
W. S. WALLACE, SECRETARY. E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT.
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
w

RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade are reported expressly for
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN by J. M. Nesbit, patent
attorney, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa., from
whom printed copies may be procured for 15 cents
each:
Process of coking, Alphons Custodis, Dusseldorf,
Germany; 778,846.
Miner's dinner bucket. J. F. MeNiei, Dooley, Va.;
778,883.
Motor control for hoisting buckets, L. J. Robb
and W. M. Rosewater, Pittsburgh, assignors to
Heyl & Patterson, Pittsburgh; 778,897.
Mine cage, Peter Thielman and Johann Meisenburg,
Duisburg, Germany; 778.919.
Coal crusher, G. W. Perry, Tuscarora, Pa.; 77S.-
372.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 17
Mine gate, N. K. Bowman, North Lawrence, 0.;
777,835.
Mine ear, J. B. Bell, Windber, Pa.; 778,097.
Fastening for miners' pick handles, etc.. Totten
Poling, Menlo, la.; 777,303.
Coal auger-twisting machine, Isaac Wantling,
Peoria, 111., assignor to Wantling's Favorite Coal
Drill Co.. same place; 777,576.
Breaking or sizing and distributing coal or
similar substances, Jeremiah Campbell, Newton,
Mass.; 779.205.
Car haul. L. .1. Robb, Pittsburgh, assignor to
Heyl & Patterson, Pittsburgh; 777,747; feeder for
belt conveyor, same, assignor to same; 778,461.
The W. C. Smith Coal Co., of Four Corners, la.,
has sold its business to the Big Four Coal Co.
V»"
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
COKE,
FURNACE
FOUNDRY
CRUSHED
IENERAL 'FFICES : GREENSBURG, PA.
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: . . . GREENSBURG. PA.
MJ ^fe. ^ ^&m 4y

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ARTHUR BROCK, President, Lebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburg, Pa. V
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, Latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
. . . OF . . .
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
..AND..
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.
\ f

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
V PURITAN AND CRESCENT J
BITUMINOUS COALS.
STINEMAN COAL. MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS, c OFFICES. a
26 South 15th Street, No. 1 Broadway,
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
AND
HORSESHOE COAL, (MILLER VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, PA.
.'j
aimmimmnnimminmnm^^
GEORGE I. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. |
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building',
I^T^.^. ^^PITTSBURGH, PA. |
UNrfilT^0^~^MPnNY".
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF ;
: WESTMORELAND GAS m SECOND POOL YOUGHIO
COAL.
:
: MINES ON THE MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH &. LAKE ERIE RAILROAD; :
: BALTIMORE 4. OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD,
: ;
. OFFICE. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE: •
| : BANK FOR PITTSBURGH, SAVINGS PA.
BUILDING, SU.TE 1117-1118 NORTH AMER.CAN BLDG. i

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAikAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
•TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVVVVTTTTYTTTYTTTVTTTTTfTTrTTTTTTTTTTTTTVTTTTTTTTTVTT
rr OG %
f)EST GRADES
M
STEAM COAL
. . and . .
* •
CONNELLSVILLE COKE,
MINKD AND SHIPPED BY THK
SAXMAN COAL & COKE COMPANY,
. . . LATROBE, PA. . . .
LatrobeConnellsville Goal&Coke Co.
LATROBE. PA..
t- PRODUCES AND SHIPS '
STEAM COAL OF FINEST QUALITY
AND MANUFACTURERS
BEST CONNELLSVILLE COKE.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
J"
WASHED COAL ^
"Clean
Enough
to
Eat."
Long
Distance
Phone.
Fourth and Plum Sts.
X
PVrite Us
For
Prices and
Freight
Rates.
The Luhrig Coal Co.,
THE
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THK CELEBRATED C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL,
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, as the United States (!eological Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
POCAHONTAS
TRADE MARK REGISTERED
1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK
CITIZENS' BANK BUILDING, NORFOLK, VA.
C. C. B. Pocahontas Smokeless
Is the only American Coal that has been Officially indorsed by the
(iovernments of (ireat Britain, Germany and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United States Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN &, BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
MAIN OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 SO. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BRANCH OFFICES;
OLD COLONY BUILDING. CHICAGO. III.
126 STATE STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
EUROPEAN AGENTS ;
HULL, BLYTH & COMPANY. 4 FENCHURCH AVENUE, LONDON, E. C ENGLAN
NEAVE BUILDING, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
TERRY BUILDING, ROANOKE. VA.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
A. E. PATTON, TREASURER
No. 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PARDEE, PATTON. MOSHANNON AND ARGADIA GOALS.
OWNERS OF
Port Liberty Docks in New York Harbor,
Orders For Coal Should Be Forwarded To The
BEECH CREEK COAL & COKE CO., - - 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON. Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS GOAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
PA
PA
m
PA
an
Farmers BanK Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood
PITTSBURGH, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
C. M. UNDERHILL,
WESTERN AGENT FOR
THE SALE OF
THE
ANTHRACITE COAL
OF
J. LAISIGDON & CO., INCORPORATED.
BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE.
FIDELITY BUILDING,
BUFFALO, • NEW YORK.
3 HARRY OLMSTED, President. T. D. HUNTINGTON, Treasurer. F. O. HA1TON, Secretary.
I MIDDLE STATES COAL CO.
; MINERS AND SHIPPERS
j HOCKING, POCAHONTAS COAL AND COKE, KANAWHA
i GAS, STEAM AND SMITHING COAL.
5 Hocking Valley Ry. Norfolk & Western Ry. Zanesville & Western Ry. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry.
5 GENERAL OFFICES:
§ THE HAYDEN BUILDING, - - - - COLUMBUS, OHIO.
\tt000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000$.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
Empire Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coa
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
LOCATED OCVJ MINES AT
C. & P. R. R., B. & 0. R. R. and Ohio River. Bellaire, Ohio.
Communications should be sent to LOUIS F. NEWMAN, Manager, Pittsburgh, Pa.
J « L.
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GEMERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.
n r

M. M. COCHRAN, President.
W. HARRY BROWN, Vice I'resident.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
JOHN H. WURTZ, Sec'y ar.d Treas.
J. S. NEWMYER, General Manager.
WASHINGTON GOAL & COKE COMPANY,
GENERAL OFFICE, DAWSON, FAYETTE COUNTY, PA.
5,000 TONS, DAILY CAPACITY.
INDIVIDUAL CARS.
YOUGHIOGHENY
COAL,
STEAM, GAS, COKING.
CONNELLSVILLE
COKE,
FURNACE, FOUNDRY, CRUSHED.
SHIPMENTS VIA B. & O. R. R., AND P. 4. L. E. R. R. AND CONNECTIONS.
SALES OFFICE: PITTSBURGH, PA.
N. P. HYNDMAN, Sales Agent. H. R. HYNDMAN, Asst. Sales Agent.
^= J
fit
CiBIEGlE COAL COIPMY
" \
./I
INCORPORATED.
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. & L. E., ERIE, L. S. 4. M. S.
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
^
AJ

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
V CLYDE COAL COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED CLYDE GOAL
SHIPMENTS BY RIVER STEAMERS
"CLYDE" AND "ELEANOR."
CLYDE MINE, FREDERICKTO WN, PA
DAILY CAPACITY OF MINES, 3,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
CONESTOGA BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
J. H. SANFORD, GENERAL MANAGER.
BELL PHONE, 2517 COURT. P. & A. PHONE, 2125 MAIN.
4

mWhe
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., FEBRUARY 1, 1905. No. 5.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TEADE COMPANY, 1004
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STKAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TRADK COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 200 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
MINERS FOLLOW PRESIDENT MITCHELL'S
RECOMMENDATION TO PROVIDE A GI­
GANTIC FUND FOR USE, IF NEEDED, AT
THE EXPIRATION OF EXISTING SCALE
AGREEMENTS—MITCHELL TO GIVE
PERSONAL ATTENTION TO STRENGTH­
ENING THE ANTHRACITE DISTRICTS-
ESTABLISHMENT OF CO-OPERATIVE
STORES URGED.
The dominating note of the sixteenth annual
convention of the United Mine Workers of America,
and which met with the unanimous concurrence
and approval of the delegates, is embodied
in President Mitchell's reminder that April 1,
1906, would mark the expiration of all important
coal mining scales and agreements in the United
States; that as a result of considerable losses in
membership and income, and exceptionally heavy
expenditures during the last year, the organization
unless vastly strengthened would neither be
in a position to hold its own nor obtain additional
concessions, and his recommendation that the convention
take the steps necessary to equip the
body to meet the crisis that is ahead of it. On
President Mitchell's initiative the convention without
dissent raised the per capita tax and in other
ways prepared for creating an emergency fund
which may aggregate $3,000,000; concurred in
President Mitchell's expressed intention of devoting
a considerable part of his time to building up
the anthracite district bodies of the organization
and resolved to extend its jurisdiction, demand
additional concessions, and in no case to yield on
any of the basic points governing present scales
and agreements.
An increase in the per capita tax, from 10 cents
to 25 cents, was the only direct step taken toward
providing the "crisis" fund. On the December
basis of paying membership this would yield $750,ooo.
Extraordinary efforts are to lie made, however,
to bring the paying membership up to at
least 300,000, which would so far increase the
year's revenue that with the balance of over $600,-
000 in the treasury the year's working fund would
approximate $1,500,000. Should the expenses of
the year equal those of 1904. the balance that
would remain even from this large amount, would
not be vast, but it is expected that the aggregate
of the disbursements for strike benefits will be
very largely reduced this year, over last, when the
Colorado strike alone consumed $437,000. It is
the calculation that the treasury balance will be
in the neighborhood of $1,000,000 at the end of
the year, and the organization solidified to meet
any emergency that may arise. Then, in the
event of a failure of the interstate conference to
reach an agreement, or of a complete rupture of
negotiations, which would be evident by February
1, there would still be two months in which, by
a "war" assessment of say $1 per week per capita,
a total of $3,000,000, or possibly a sum exceeding
that amount, could be made available by April
1, at which time the interstate agreement expires.
The convention instructed its officers to endeavor
to have the operators and miners of other aTstricts
hold their joint rate conferences in Indianapolis,
next year, especially those from Iowa and
West Virginia, with a view to centering all interests
in one interstate joint movement. Absolute
confidence in the national officers was manifested
by the unanimity of the convention in their
views, as well as their re-election and the expul-

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
sion of a Western delegate who charged Mitchell
with having "sold out" the Colorado strikers.
Many new demands on employers were formulated
in resolutions and a firm stand was taken on the
liquor question by closing the organization against
all persons identified in any way with the sale
of intoxicating liquor. President Mitchell, as a result
of his investigations while abroad last year,
strongly advised the establishment of co-operative
stores in mining communities. The following are
the substantial features of
PKESIDENT MITCHELL'S REPORT:
I do not believe that any observant person who
is familiar with the industrial conditions that
have prevailed during the past year, will undertake
to say that the settlement made last March
was not the very best obtainable under the circumstances,
and that our union is not in a far better
condition now than it would be had a strike been
inaugurated.
Except for the year of the anthracite strike, this
is the first time that I have been unable to report
any material growth in the membership of the
organization. As will be observed from the
tables herein submitted, our average membership
for the year ending December 31, 1904, shows an
increase of less than 4,000 over the preceding year,
while the membership for the month of December,
1904—based upon the tax received for that month
—shows a decrease of about 25.000 members.
For the year 1897 the average paid-up membership
was 9,731.
For 1898 it was 32,902, an increase of 23,171
For 1S99 it was 61,887. an increase of 28,985
For 1900 it was 115,521, an increase of 53,634
For 1901 it was 198,024. an increase of 82,503
For 1902 it was 175,367. a decrease of 22,657
For 1903 it was 247,240, an increase of 71,873
For 1904 it was 251,006, an increase of 3,766
Taking the capitation tax received in the month
of December each year as a basis of computation,
our records show that for December, 1898. the
membership was 54,700; for December, 1899. it
was 91.000. an increase of 36.300; for December,
1900, it was 189,329, an increase of 9S.329; for
December, 1901. it was 232,289, an increase of
42,960; for December, 1902. it was 198,090, a decrease
of 34,199; for December, 1903, it was 287,-
545, an increase of 89,455; for December, 1904, it
was 262,645. a decrease of 24,900.
The heavy falling off in membership for the
month of December, 1904. is accounted for by the
fact that from twenty to twenty-five thousand
members were on strike and exonerated from the
payment of dues. As indicated in the following
table showing the
FLUCTUATION IN MEMBERSHIP
by districts, the greatest loss sustained is in the
Eastern bituminous and anthracite fields:
District In- De-
No. 1903. 1904. crease, crease.
1 35,271 23,109 12.162
2 30,168 17.926 12,242
5 21,595 23,844 2,249
6 38,342 40.566 2,224
7 4,787 3,852 935
8 3,140 2,453 687
9 16.276 14,932 1,344
10 972 972
11 12.512 13.505 992
12 48,056 49.861 1,805
13 9,788 16,752 6,963
14 9,956 9,802 154
15 537 947 410
16 2,290 112 2,178
17 9,601 6,210 3,391
18 3,293 1,077 2.210
19 5,274 3,063 2,211
20 10,508 3,168 7,340
21 9,527 11,492 1,965
22 2,125 1,767 357
23 3,624 2,571 1,053
24 2.765 3,756 990
25 7,802 10,665 2,863
No district.... 245 100 145
Individual local
unions 57 140 S3
Totals 287,539 262,645 21,516 46.415
Total decrease, 24.900.
In considering this portion of my report, it
would be well to keep in mind the industrial conditions
which prevailed during the year 1904. At
no time since 1897 has work been so irregular and
the coal trade so demoralized. Many mines in
the Eastern States were closed down, throwing
thousands of our members out of employment,
and as a consequence of these conditions, the receipts
for capitation tax declined. I feel quite
confident that our organization has suffered
No PERMANENT Loss
in strength or influence and that with the revival
of business and industrial activity we shall, in
the near future, regain this apparent loss and
surpass our former strength.
It is a source of keen regret and disappointment
that I am compelled to report a loss of membership
in the anthracite region and an apparent
lack of interest on the part of the mine workers
in that field. What reasons there can be for this
seeming indifference. I am unable to conceive. It
certainly cannot be attributed to any failure on

the part of the organization to protect and safeguard
the welfare and the material advancement
of the men employed there. It is true that wages
and conditions of employment are far from satisfactory;
yet. as compared with those that existed
only a few years ago. there is a decided improvement.
For your information I herewith submit a tabulated
statement showing the operation of the sliding
scale as established by the following award
of the anthracite coal strike commission.
For each increase of five cents in the average
price of white ash coal of sizes above pea coal,
sold at or near New York, between Perth Amboy
and Edgewater, and reported to tne bureau of
anthracite coal statistics, above $4.50 per ton f. o.
b., the employes shall have an increase of one per
cent, in their compensation, which shall continue
until a change in the average price of said coal
works a reduction or an increase in said additional
compensation hereunder; but the rate of
compensation shall in no case be less than that
fixed in the award. That is. when the price of
said coal reaches $4.55 per ton, the compensation
will be increased one per cent, to continue until
the price falls below $4.55 per ton, when the one
per cent, increase will cease, or until the price
reaches $4.60 per ton, when an additional one
per cent, will be added, and so on.
OPERATION OF THE SLIDING SCALE.
The operation of this sliding scale during the
period of its existence—from April 1, 1903, to and
including December 31, 1904, brought the following
result:
Average price Per cent, inof
crease in
Year. Month. coal. compensation.
1903 April $4.44 per ton, 0 per cent.
" May 4.52 " " 0 "
" June 4.60 " " 2 "
" July 4.69 " " 3 "
August 4.75 " " 5 "
" September 4.81 " " 6 "
" October 4.84 " " 6 "
November 4.85 " " 7 "
" December 4.86 " " 7 "
1904 January 4.85 " " 7 "
" February 4.87 " " 7 "
" March 4.80 " " 6 "
'* April 4.43 " " 0 "
" May 4.51 " " 0 "
" June 4.58 " " 1 "
" July 4.63 " " 2 "
" August 4.69 " " 3 "
" September 4.78 " " 5 "
" October 4.85 " " 7 "
November 4.85 " " 7 "
" December 4.86 " " 7 "
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
You will bear in mind that the increases shown
in this table are in addition to the horizontal advance
of 10 per cent., which was granted by the
commission.
Before closing this reference to the anthracite
situation, I feel it incumbent upon me to say that
I fear the anthracite mine workers will be unable
to secure any furtlier concessions or even to maintain
their present standard, unless they take immediate
steps to perfect their organization. While
I am, of course, conscious of the fact that district
and national officers located in that field, assisted
by the thousands of loyal members of our union.
have done all in their power to arouse the negligent
to a sense of their responsibility, it is my
hope that my work during the coming year will
permit me to spend a part of my time in the anthracite
districts, where I trust that by personal
appeal I may be helpful in building up the organization
and preparing its members
To MEET THE Cnisis
that may arise upon the expiration of the award
of the anthracite coal strike commission.
Your attention is respectfully directed to another
line of attack which has been adopted by
hostile corporations against the organizations of
labor; one which, if successful, will do more to
destroy the usefulness of trade unions than all
the agencies combined, heretofore resorted to. * *
* * The Victor Fuel Co. * * * * filed a suit in the
district court of Las Animas county, Colorado,
against the United Mine Workers of America and
twelve of its national and district officers.
The suit was brought to recover $85,000 damages
for the loss that this company claims to have
sustained by having its servants enticed from its
employment, and the loss of profits consequent
thereon. It also asserts that the men it afterwards
employed or attempted to employ were intimidated
and interfered with.
Service of summons was attempted to be made
upon the U. M. W. of A. by handing a copy of the
summons to its president in Trinidad, on December
3, 1903. A motion was made by our attorneys
to quash the summons by which it was attempted
to hold the organization, on the ground that an
unincorporated association not engaged in business
could not be sued by serving a summons on
its officers—as is the practice when a corporation
is sued—or in any other way. This motion was
twice argued and was overruled by the court.
A demurrer was interposed on the ground that
the complaint did not contain facts sufficient to
constitute a cause of action and that the remedy
sought to be invoked was obsolete and had no
place in a free country where caste and class distinctions
were not recognized; that men had the
right to organize and to strike when conditions

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
required it. The court overruled this demurrer
also and the case
WILL HAVE TO BE TRIED.
On December 7, 1904, another suit was filed by
this company against the Mine Workers for $491,-
000 for damages to that date and covering the
period since the first suit was begun.
Another effort to mulct the organization in damages
is being made by an attorney names Wales.
of Binghamton. N. Y.
During the anthracite strike an attorney named
Wales, of Binghamton, N. Y.. came to me
and offered some suggestions which he claimed
to believe would assist in settling the strike. The
plans he proposed did not appeal to me as being
at all practicable and were therefore rejected.
However, after the strike was over Mr. Wales
opened correspondence with me as to the amount
of a bill which he desired to present. Not wishing
to have any controversy with him, I proposed to
allow him the sum of fifty dollars for his alleged
services and suggested to him that if he would
send me a bill for fifty dollars, a check for that
amount would be mailed him at once. A short
time thereafter, while passing through the city of
Buffalo, I was served with a notice summonirg
me to appear in court at Binghamton to defend a
suit for $200,000. We have employed attorneys
and are prepared to defend the case when it comes
up for trial.
It may not be amiss at this time to call your
attention to the fact that one year from next
April our joint agreements expire in practically
every coal-producing district—both bituminous
and anthracite—in the United States. Reference
to the reports of commercial agencies and trade
journals seems to indicate an approaching revival
of business and a period of industrial activity.
If these predictions are realized, we should
be able to
REGAIN THE Loss IN WAGES
sustained one year ago and to improve conditions
of employment in those districts in wliich no reductions
were forced upon us. It is, of course,
unnecessary to say that our ability to make further
advancement—or even to retain our present
standard of living and wages—will depend in no
small degree, upon the strength and solidarity of
our union and in making preparations for that
time, we should not only strive with all our energies
to perfect our organization numerically, but
we should also make provision for the maintenance
of our people should we be so unfortunate
as to become involved in a strike.
I am, of course, hopeful that we shall be able
to reach a satisfactory settlement upon the expiration
of our present contracts, but, nevertheless.
there is always the possibility of disagreement;
and as far as I am personally concerned I have
determined that—under normal conditions—the
present scale of wages, the present standard of
living among the eoal miners of this country shall
never be lowered with my consent. There are
times when workmen are called upon to and
should share in the loss of profits which follows
periods of industrial depression, but there is a
standard below which men cannot maintain them.
selves and their families, and below this point
the wages of organized workmen cannot be permitted
to fall.
A reference to the financial report of your secretary-treasurer
will impress you more forcibly than
any words of mine could do. with the necessity of
providing funds for the maintenance of strikes.
In the words of Washington. "To be prepared for
war is one of the most effectual means of preserving
peace." And you should bear in mind that
those organizations which are best prepared for
strikes are called upon least frequently to engage
in them. Years ago it was customary, when
strikes were engaged in. for those involved to
depend upon their own resources and it was rare,
indeed, tnat the organization was called upon to
furnish
FUNDS TO MAINTAIN A STRIKE
that lasted for less than four or five months; but
as things are now a strike is no sooner inaugurated
than a demand is made for financial relief.
This is especially true of the unorganized or the
newly organized districts, where many men seem
to believe that they are conferring a greater favor
upon the organization than they are upon themselves
and their families when they make a demand
for increased wages or when they strike in
opposition to a reduction in wages. But whatever
the causes, the strikes that have taken place
during the past few years have established a precedent
which cannot well be departed from, and
when men strike now we are compelled, within
certain limitations, to provide them with the
necessities of life. The funds for this purpose
can come only from one source—unless our membership
provide us with the money we cannot
supply it to those who are on strike. And if we
are to make adequate preparation for our next
interstate convention we must have a large fund
at our disposal so that we may in the interim,
resist any attempts to reduce wages in the outlying
districts or any efforts to weaken the strength
and influence of our union.
In order that our entire membership might be
familiar with the financial affairs of the organization,
a circular letter was sent to each local, so
as to enable the membership to give you such instructions
as were deemed necessary in disposing
of this question. I have no specific recommenda-

tions to make as to the method of providing this
fund, but refer it to you with the request that
you give it most serious consideration.
In the course of his report President Mitchell
gave a concise individual review of all the large
strikes of the year, including that of the Illinois
Brotherhood of Hoisting Engineers and the resulting
disruption of that body. Regarding the
relations of the United Mine Workers with the
Western Federation of Miners, and the ineffectual
efforts to bring about a closer alliance between
the two organizations, a large amount of correspondence
was reviewed with the following conclusion:
You will observe, from the foregoing, that notwithstanding
the efforts of our representatives
To PROMOTE BETTER FEELING
and to cement in closer unity the interests of the
Western Federation of Miners and the United
Mine Workers of America, the Western Federation,
instead of reciprocating these fraternal overtures,
proceeded to amend their constitution in
such a manner as to provide for the membership
of a coal miner upon their executive board. No
other construction can be placed upon this action
than that it is an invitation for coal miners to become
members of the Western Federation, and it
indicates a determination upon the part of the
Western Federation to organize classes of workmen
over which we exercise jurisdiction.
Our association has always confined its membership
to those employed in the coal mining industry;
we have repeatedly declined to accept as
members those employed in metalliferous mines,
although on more than one occasion application has
been made to us for membership by men working
in such mines. If the Western Federation of
Miners persists in pursuing this hostile policy, if
the organization continues in its antagonism to
the United Mine Workers of America, we shall
be justified in extending our jurisdiction and
opening our doors to the metalliferous miners,
many thousands of whom would be glad of the
opportunity to enroll themselves under the banner
of the United Mine Workers of America and
thus be brought into affiliation with the great
American labor movement.
On the subject of machine mining President
Mitchell's report contains the following:
You will observe the ever-increasing proportion
of machine-mined eoal. This increase is especially
noticeable in those states and districts having
the widest differentials and in which the machine-
mine operators
ENJOY AN UNFAIR ADVANTAGE
over their competitors who operate pick mines.
It seems to me that the relation of pick to
machine-mining should be a subject of more than
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
ordinary interest to our conventions and to the
membership of our local unions. It is unnecessary
to repeat my previous comments upon this
subject or to disavow any feeling of hostility
toward the introduction of labor-saving machinery.
Indeed, I look with favor upon the invention
and application of all labor-saving devices, but I
insist that, in all fairness, labor should share in
the benefits resultant from the installation of such
machinery.
Regaraing federal injunctions the report contains
the following:
Every year that passes emphasizes more strongly
the iniquity of the federal injunction as applied in
labor disputes. During the past year injunctions
have been issued in every coal field in which a
strike has been inaugurated, and members of our
association have been confined in jail because of
alleged disregard of these injunctions, notwithstanding
the fact that after our people had remained
in prison for a considerable time, the
very judge issuing the injunction has reversed his
own action and declared that when the injunction
was issued his court was without jurisdiction in
the case.
It is difficult to speak in measured tones or in
moderate language upon this subject. It is apparent
to everyone who is acquainted with the
facts, that many of these injunction judges—and
especially Judge Jackson—are totally unfit to perform
the functions of their sacred office. In numerous
instances members of our union, when
brought before these judges, have been
TREATED WITH INDIGNITY
and have had such abuse heaped upon them as
should be countenanced by no man of impartial
mind or of judicial temperament.
I wish to emphasize the fact that we ask no
special privileges over other citizens or other
associations; we seek no immunity from the law;
but we do demand and insist upon the exercise
of all the rights and all the privileges that are
guaranteed us by the constitution and enjoyed by
other citizens of our common country. If any
member of our union violates the law he deserves
to be and should be arrested, tried and convicted
for his offense, but when judges issue orders restraining
trade unionists from doing that which
they have a perfect moral and legal right to do,
and which would be no offense if done by other
citizens, and when these same judges incarcerate
our people without trial, without hearing, because
they refuse to surrender their constitutional liberties,
then, I say, it is time to call a halt.
In the state of Alabama, one of these omnipotent
judges issued an injunction restraining the
members of our union, not only there but everywhere
else, from doing things that they had a

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
perfect—and a legal—right to do, and notwithstanding
the fact that our attorneys have tried
again to get a hearing for the purpose of having
the injunction dissolved, this supposed-to be-impartial
judge, upon one pretext or another, denies
us the opportunity even to appear in court to
move that the injunction be set aside.
For several years past a bill has been pending
in the United States Congress defining the word
"conspiracy," and limiting to its proper and constitutional
function the authority of these federal
judges. This bill will again be under consideration
at the present session of Congress and it
seems to me that no effort should be left untried
to secure its passage. To that end, I recommend
that your president or your executive board be
given authority to employ one or more representatives
To Go TO WASHINGTON
and lobby in the interest of this bill.
The following is Secretary-Treasurer W. B. Wilson's
report, except the detailed figures on income
and disbursements:
At the close of business November 30, 1903, we
had on hand in the national treasury $1,106,19S.6S.
Our income during the year was $851,772.86, making
a total of $1,957,971.54. Our expenditure for
the same period was $1,354,019.22, leaving a balance
on hand at the close of business November
30, 1904. of $603,952.32. It will thus be seen that
our expenditures were $502,246.36 more than our
income, making it necessary for us to draw from
our reserve funds to that amount in order to meet
the current expenses of the year.
Of this large expenditure $1,067,300.47 was paid
for aid to strikers, $437,575.10 of which was paid
to District 15 in sppport of the strike in Colorado
and Utah. The strike in that district began on
November 9, 1903, and we continued furnishing
support to it until June 30, 1904. When the strike
began there was approximately eight thousand
men involved, but the number was gradually reduced
by some men leaving and others returning
to work so that in the last two or three months
before we discontinued furnishing aid there was
not more than two thousand five hundred men still
on strike. Yet during these three months the
national organization was furnishing fifteen thousand
dollars per week for the support of those
on strike in addition to what it furnished before
that. We have been
SEVERELY CRITICISED
for not furnishing sufficient funds to maintain the
strikers in Colorado and Utah.
We have never furnished as much support, in
proportion to the number of men involved, in any
of our previous strikes. Our organization is not
conducted on an insurance basis. If it had been,
a comparatively small amount of money would
have been necessary to maintain our members in
the various strikes they have been engaged in.
We have been compelled to furnish support to
non-union men who came on strike, in order to
protect the interests of all miners, whether union
or non-union. While our system of finance does
not place us upon an insurance basis a sentiment
has repidly grown amongst miners generally, that
whenever a strike is inaugurated the men engaged
in it are entitled to generous support from the
funds of the national treasury.
There is nothing in our laws upon which such
a claim can be based, yet the first question asked
by men when they come on strike, whether they
are members of our organization or not, is, "How
much aid are we going to get and how soon will
we get it?" This idea has grown so strong, and
has become so fixed in the minds of the miners.
that it is impossible to change it.
We cannot hope to conduct our strikes in the
future as we did in the early days of the organization.
The strikers must be supported or the
strike will go to pieces to the serious injury of
the entire craft as well as those actually engaged
in the conflict. Our present
REVENUES ARE INADEQUATE
to meet the necessities of the situation. We have
a ten cents per month per capita tax and for some
time we have had an assessment of ten cents per
month per member.
It would have taken a per capita tax of thirtyseven
cents per month per member to have paid
the expenditures of the organization during last
year. Our present weekly expenditures are much
greater than the average weekly expenditures for
the year just closed, and if continued will require
nearly fifty cents per month per member to maintain
them. We may not be able to collect a per
capita tax of fifty cents per month per member
for the national organization, but the time will
come, sooner or later, when it will be absolutely
necessary to do so. In the meantime we must
have more money with which to meet the obligations
of the organization.
I therefore recommend that the national per
capita tax be increased to twenty-five cents per
month per member.
The paid-up membership of the organization by
districts for the month of November, 1904, is as
follows:
District No. 1 27,646
District No. 2 37,412
District No. 5 21.99S
District No. 6 33,470
District No. 7 5,225
District No. 8 2,276
District No. 9 10,490

District No. 10
District No. n
District No.
12
District No. 13
District No. 14
District No. 15
District No. 16
District No. 17
District No. 18
District No. 19
District No. 20
District No. 21
District No. 09
District No.
District No. 24
District No. 25
Local Union 828
Total
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. .",1
2,240
12,512
9,841
8,314
424
29
7,276
751
2,388
2,866
12,876
1,920
2,961
1,653
7,291
129
.263,161
YEARLY PAID-UP MEMBERSHIP:
The following table shows the average paid-up
membership of the organization for each year
since it was founded:
1890 20,912
1891 17,044
1892 19,376
1893 14,244
1894 17,628
1895 10,871
1896 9,617
1897 9,731
The figures given in the
slightly at variance with
secretary-treasurer's foregoing statement, in regard
to certain items, but the final totals are the
same, as the following tables show:
Tax
Supplies
Journal
Defense fund
Assessment
Miscellaneous
INCOME.
Total
EXPENDITURES.
Officers' salaries and expenses. . .
Supplies
Office expenses
Journal
Telephone, postage and express.
Relief for strikers
Miscellaneous
1898 32,902
1899 61,887
1900 115,521
1901 198,024
1902 175,367
1903 247,240
1904 251,006
auditors' report are
those given in the
$303,697.30
11,118.62
9,069.96
425.85
474,649.76
53,811.37
. .$852,772.86
199,725.80
14,948.19
5,340.21
7,442.64
5,872.03
1,067,300.47
54,389.88
Total
$1,355,019.22
Balance on hand December 1, 1903. . $1,106,198.68
Balance on hand November 30. 1904. 603,952.32
Net decrease $502,246.36
The report of Vice-President T. L. Lewis was
devoted mainly to a review of his efforts in the
adjustment of disputes and the work of organization.
Regarding the latter the report says:
During the year there has been kept in the field
a large force of organizers in addition to the national
board members. On account of general
strikes in some districts and many local troubles
in others, the time of the board members "and
organizers could not be devoted entirely to the
work of organizing. Considering the numerous
difficulties to overcome, the reports of my colleagues
will show that numerically the organization
has held its own.
The opposition to the organization has become
so pronounced that in some districts, the organizers
have been viciously assaulted by guards who
are employed by corporations antagonistic to labor
unions. Some method should be provided for
the protection of those entrusted with the work of
organizing.
In a crisis, there is no doubt in my mind that
the United Mine Workers could bring to its standard
every mine worker in the eountry. While this
may be true, it would be much better if every
mine worker was an active member and thoroughly
understood the principles of the organization.
To bring about this much-desired condition
in the mining industry, there are stili a few
districts that should be made to understand the
benefits of lieing with the United Mine Workers
of America. The men in those districts must be
aroused to a
PROPER SENSE OF THEIR DUTY
to themselves and their fellow men.
In my visits to different mining districts and
from information obtained through the reports
of the organizers, my opinions of the past have
become a firm conviction—that the members of
the United Mine Workers are not as familiar with
the terms of the wage agreements as they should
be. The principles of the organization are not
thoroughly understood. The relation of the mine
workers in one district with those of another district,
does not receive that consideration necessary
for a perfect understanding between the members
and the success of the movement. This condition
is not confined to any particular locality.
An effective organization requires active members.
A strong organization must be composed of
intelligent men. A powerful organization should
be composed of a membership capable of forming
intelligent conclusions without being urged to do
so by the official representatives of the union. To
command the respect of others, we must respect
ourselves, and let it be remembered that every
reform comes from the ranks.
Discussing the non-English speaking miner, the
report recalled an address by the author before

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the thirteenth convention in which it was urged
that the foreigner was readily susceptible to education
in the principles of unionism and that properly
informed and fraternally treated he became
a useful and desirable member of the organization.
Continuing on this line the report says:
Since presenting the foregoing to you in a former
convention, a wider acquaintance with the
conditions existing in every mining district has
more and more
CONCLUSIVELY DRIVEN HOME
to my mind the necessity and importance of doing
what was briefly outlined on this subject in my
previous reports.
Aside from those financially interested, not many
seem to realize the import of this question and its
bearing on all our industrial conditions, especially
that of coal mining.
Of the nearly six hundred thousand mine workers
in this country, it is safe to say that at least
one-third of them do not speak the English language.
This vast army of foreign-speaking men
are wage-earners and struggle side by side with
us for the necessaries of life.
It is assumed by many when mentioning the non-
English speaking people, that they are illiterate
in the extreme and not capable of understanding
American ideas, American institutions and particularly
the object of the American labor unions.
The report of the commissioner of immigration
shows that from 53 per cent, in the most illiterate
countries, to 97 per cent, in the most enlightened
countries, of the immigrants who landed in this
country in 1903 can read and write in their own
language, and probably this proportion of that
class of people will hold good in mining communities.
If those who work in the mines cannot read the
English language, then so long as they can read
their own language, it is our business as a matter
of protection; it is our duty as American citizens
and wage-earners to furnish them with the literature
which they can understand and in which they
are most interested. Is it not
PLAIN TO EVERY THINKING MAN
that we must be vitally interested in making this
great army of laboring men understand what is
to their interests as well as ours?
Can we make it clear to them in the English
language, which they do not understand?
Is not the application of the old saying, "That
a stitch in time saves nine," of special force in
this instance?
It is known in many instances, foreign-speaking
mine workers have been imposed upon outrageously
by operators who have failed to pay ihem
for their labor, even after contracts were made
with the United Mine Workers. But this was no
doubt the intention when they were employed.
It is a notorious fact that this class of people
have been deceived, through the employment
agencies and the agents of corporations who
bring them into mining districts to displace laboring
men who were resisting the unreasonable demands
of employers.
It will be news, perhaps, to many of the United
Mine Workers that men have been kept by force in
the communities into which they were deceived
into going.
It is time to act and I shall offer in this convention
resolutions asking the co-operation of the
United Mine Workers in carrying out these suggestions.
BUDGET OF CONVENTION PROCEEDINGS.
After the reports of the officers had been referred
to the proper committees and the work of
the committee on credentials had been ratified the
committee on resolutions filed its report. The
first resolution, providing that the anthracite companies,
in view of dockage in the past for culm
which is now salable, pay to the miners' union a
royalty of ten cents on the dollar made from said
culm banks, or a greater or less per cent, as the
union thinks proper, and that the unions themselves
put up washeries and get the money out
of it for the purpose of increasing the funds of
ithe organization, and to provide a fund for
disabled and aged miners, and for orphans and
widows was lost.
The second resolution, providing that the organization
favor the election of mine inspectors
liy the citizens of the counties or districts in
which they are to serve was referred to the special
committee on skilled mining, appointed to consider
that feature of President Mitchell's report.
A similar disposition was made of the third
resolution providing that the members of the
examining board in the anthracite region be selected
from among the miners or mine workers
of the district or county, and that instead of issuing
certificates to men after working two years
in the mines they should be issued only after five
years' work, and after careful examination.
The fourth resolution, urging the delegates of
Tennessee and Kentucky to form separate state
organizations, the latter to be known as District
23, was referred to the districts involved and
the national executive board.
The fifth resolution, asking the assistance of
the national organization for the striking employes
of operators in Utah was referred to the
national executive board.
The sixth resolution, requiring that no articles
be suppressed by the editors or insulting personal
letters written by the editors to any local unions'
correspondents, and that so long as the postal
laws are not violated, such articles shall be published,
was lost.
The seventh resolution provided that in view

of the immigration to the United States having
exceeded the demand for labor during the last
few years, a committee be appointed to draw up
a bill to present to Congress asking that a law be
passed restricting immigration for the next ten
years; and that as the time might be too long
before Congress would be able to pass a satisfactory
law, it was recommended that emissaries
be sent to all foreign countries to ask that laboring
people stay away from the United States of
America.
The committee non-concurred in the resolution.
and recommended that the convention endorse the
action of the American Federation of Labor on
the immigration question. A motion was made
and seconded tnat the recommendation of the
committee be concurred in. President Mitchell
stated that the American Federation of Labor had
advocated the educational test, and that the newly
arrived immigrant should have a certain amount
of money, at least enough to enable him to live
until he could secure suitable work and not be
obliged to accept the first work offered him. The
motion was then carried.
r l ne eighth resolution brought about the biggest
fight in the convention. It recited that the Civic
Federation, at a recent banquet, had patronized
a non-union cigar, and that as President Mitchell
had been a participant in the banquet it was the
sentiment of the convention that he or any one
affiliated with the U. M. W. of A., sever all connection
with the Civic Federation. The recommendation
of the conimittee that the resolution
be non-concurred in was carried after a motion to
strike the entire matter from the minutes had
been tabled.
Resolution No. 9 was of the same order as
No. 8. demanding that President Mitchell withdraw
from the Civic Federation. It was a product
of the Socialistic element of the organization
and was ordered stricken from the minutes.
Resolution No. 10, providing that if another
agreement is sent to the miners to be voted upon
it be arranged so they can vote for one, two or
three years' contracts, as they see fit was lost.
Resolution No. 11, providing that in line with
the desire of the organization to educate its membership,
a systematic effort be made to have local
unions instructed by literature and lectures in
the principles of organized labor, the purposes for
which the unions exist and the necessity for liberal
support, was lost.
Resolution No. 12 provided that the delegates to
the next convention of the American Federation
of Labor be instructed to secure one standard
union label. On the suggestion of President Mitchell
the resolution was changed to read "a label
of uniform design," after which it carried.
Resolution No. 13 provided that the hoisting
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
engineers demand an eight-hour workday for all
members of the craft. The committee concurred
in the resolution, and recommended that it be referred
to the next scale committee, which was
done.
Resolution No. 14 contained the following provisions:
"That in all mines under the jurisdiction
of the United Mine Workers of America a well
drilled force of shot firers shall be employed; that
all mines be fitted out with the best devices for
the safety of the thousands of men who work
under the earth for their living; that the most
proper methods of ventilation be used, and that
this body seek legislative aid to pass laws for tbe
protection of the miners against those dangers, as
well as to protect the general public, and that no
agreement be made until measures have been
mutually adopted by the two contracting parties
to protect the men against these wrongs."
The conimittee recommended that the resolution
be referred to the next scale committee, which was
done.
Resolution No. 15 carried the following provision:
"That it is the earnest desire of the members
of Local Union No. 1734, U. M. W. of A..
Jasonville, Indiana, that the national organization
establish a co-operative supply system, with
headquarters in a general co-operative supply
store at Indianapolis, Indiana, from which the
membership can be supplied, either through
branch stores or a mail order system. The business
to be modeled on the plan of the co-operative
associations of England. The committee reported
that it did not concur in the resolution, but believed
in the principle of co-operation. Its report
was adopted.
The sixteenth resolution provided that the convention
direct the national officers to have printed
in different languages such important information
as, in their judgment, they deemed best for distribution
among such foreign-speaking people. It
was referred to the national executive board.
The seventeenth resolution, providing that the
national executive board acquire a printing plant
was lost.
The eighteenth resolution was as follows: "That
this convention instruct the national executive
board that where there are, in their opinion, any
grounas for impeachment proceedings in cases
where the United Mine Workers of America are
concerned, against any judges who have laid themselves
liable by their action, to immediately proceed
to do everything in their power to have all
that can be legally and honorably done to have
such men impeached and removed from office, and
in case of minor officers that we use every influence
of the organization in the same way as
with the judges to have them removed, and fair,
impartial and honest men put in their places."

.34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The resolution was concurred in.
Resolution No. 19 was as follows:
"Resolved, That the national officers and national
executive board be instructed to adopt such
measures as will enable them to carry into effect
the following:
"lst—That a circular be sent to all local unions
for the purpose of securing information as to the
number of foreign-speaking men working in and
around each mine and colliery in the country.
"2nd—That the national organization have
printed in the foreign-speaking languages a number
of the interstate agreements equal to 50 per
cent, of the foreign-speaking mine workers employed
in the territory covered by the terms of
such interstate wage contracts.
"3rd—That in districts where district or local
agreements exist, those agreements be printed in
the foreign-speaking language so that a sufficient
number may have a copy. The district organizations
to pay half the expense of printing the district
agreements.
"4th—That all official circulars sent from the
national office be printed in the foreign-speaking
languages and copies mailed to all local unions
having foreign-speaking members.
"5th—That pamphlets and circulars be printed
in the English and foreign-speaking languages and
carefully distributed among the mine workers of
every district.
"6th—That in the event of strikes or lockouts
in any district, that advertisements be inserted in
foreign-speaking newspapers, of general circulation,
explaining the cause of the trouble."
The committee concurred in the resolution, and
recommended that it be referred to the national
executive board to work out the details, which was
done.
Resolution No. 20 was as follows: "Resolved.
the sixteenth annual convention instruct the members
in such districts where contracts may be
made during the year 1905, that such contracts
shall not be made for a period extending beyond
March 31. 1906."
A delegate inquired if the resolution meant that
in case an agreement with the operators could not
be obtained if the men were to strike. President
Mitchell replied that if the resolution were made
mandatory it might cause a strike and advised that
the convention recommend its provisions but not
make them mandatory, which was done.
The twenty-first resolution was as follows:
"Resolved, That all mine workers are hereby instructed
to at once affiliate with the Central Labor
Unions in their respective localities."
The committee on resolutions offered as a substitute
for Resolution No. 21 that all local unions
in cases where there are central bodies affiliate
with the same. The substitute offered by the
committee was adopted.
The twenty-second resolution provided that the
organization purchase, furnish and maintain a
home for aged, infirm and injured members of the
oranization to which they could be admitted when
circumstances and conditions require; and that
the national executive board be authorized and
empowered to carry out the requirements of the
resolution. The measure failed.
The twenty-third resolution embodied a movement
for terminating agreements on October 1
instead of April 1 and was lost.
The committee reporting that the twenty-fourth
resolution was covered by a former resolution, it
was stricken from the record.
Resolution No. 25, providing that national assistance,
both moral and financial, be pledged to
District 19, U. M. W. of A., to reduce the differential
between that district and other districts, even
less than it was prior to the present agreement,
by demanding in the next district annual convention
an advance greater than would offset the reduction
last accepted; and in no event to make
an agreement that would leave a wiuer differential
than existed prior to August 31. 1904, was carried.
The twenty-sixth resolution, providing for the
adoption of a grip, password or other secret sign
of recognition among members of the organization,
was lost.
The twenty-seventh resolution, providing that
the present form of the Journal be continued and
a five-cent per capita tax be levied on all members
of the organization to maintain and publish two
separate pages for each of the following languages,
nameiy. Lithuanian. Polish, Slavonian and Italian,
was lost.
It was decided that the twenty-eighth resolution,
which was on the line of providing literature for
non-English-speaking persons, had been covered
in previous resolutions and therefore required no
action.
The same decision and action resulted from the
twenty-ninth resolution.
-The thirtieth resolution was as follows:
"Resolved. That this sixteenth annual convention
go on record to the effect that Districts 13,
14, 21, 24 and 25 be and are hereby recognized as
being part and parcel of what is now known as
the central competitive field, comprising Illinois,
Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania; and be it further
"Resolved, That our national president, vicepresident,
secretary-treasurer and members of the
national executive board use their every effort and
influence with the operators of the central competitive
field to secure the admission of the miners
and the operators of the districts named into the
joint convention and conference to be held in
Indianapolis, Ind., January, 1906."

The resolution was adopted.
The thirty-first resolution was as follows:
"Resolved, That the following resolution be submitted
to the locals of this organization:
"Will we demand a seat and power to act for the
miners and operators of Iowa and all other states
that wish to take part in the interstate joint conference
to be held in 1906, and will this organization
refuse to meet the operators of Indiana, Illinois,
Pennsylvania and Ohio, unless they agree to
accept said parties into a united joint conference
with the four states mentioned."
The committee reported that it did not concur
in the measures advocated by the resolution to
secure admission of districts to the joint conference,
and that the rest of the resolution was covered
by a resolution previously adopted. The
committee's report, whicli was adopted, completed
its work.
During the intervals between resolutions, addresses
were made by William Abraham, of the
British Federation of Miners; Robert Noren, of
the Chicago Garment Workers' Association, and
representatives of a number of other labor organizations.
Vice-President Lewis offered the following:
"There are certain commissioners of the
coal operators in this city holding a meeting.
They have been discussing the question of attending
this convention, but thought the delegates
might possibly accuse them of coming here to
learn what we are doing. I told them that this
was a public meeting. I move that we extend to
them an invitation to attend the sessions here at
all times except when we are in executive session."
The motion was carried.
An invitation to address the Indiana state legislature
was extended to President Mitchell and
subsequently accepted.
Following the failure of the resolution censuring
President Mitchell for consuming non-union
cigars at the Civic Federation banquet, Robert
Randall, a member of the Wyoming delegation,
made a bitter personal attack on Mitchell, accusing
him of selling out the Colorado strikers, of concerting
with - atrick Dolan, William Dodds and
others to conspire with certain operators to the
disadvantage of miners and of general unfitness
to hold office. This resulted in the passage of
a resolution by a unanimous vote, passing severe
censure on Randall and providing for his immediate
expulsion from the convention and the organization
in default of instant retraction and
apology. Randall refused to either retract his
statement or apologize and was accordingly expelled.
Following the reports of the resolutions committee,
those of the committee on constitution
were taken up. Its first important recommendation
was that section 1 of article IV. be changed
to read as follows:
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
"Every local union shall pay direct to the national
secretary-treasurer a per capita tax of 25
cents per month per member, and such additional
assessments as may be levied by a national convention
or a referendum vote of the members of
the United Mine Workers, or by the national
executive board for two months pending a referendum
vote. Payments to be based upon the
amount of dues collected in each month by the
local union. Boys under sixteen years of age
shall pay one-half as much tax and assessment as
full members." The amendment was adopted.
The committee recommended that former section
8, (new section 9) be amended to read: "The
local monthly dues to be paid by each member shall
not be less than 50 cents per month, together with
such assessments as may be levied by the different
branches of the U. M. W. of A." The amendment
was adopted.
Section 1 of article V. was amended to read as
follows: "The national convention shall be held
annually on the third Tuesday in January at such
place as may be determined upon by the preceding
convention. Special conventions shall be called
by the president, when so instructed by the executive
board, or at the request of five districts."
Section 1 of article XIV. was amended to read
as follows: "Local unions shall be composed of
miners, mine laborers and other workmen, skilled
and unskilled, working in and about the mines,
except persons engaged in the sale of intoxicating
liquors and shall be given such numbers as the
national secretary-treasurer shall assign to them."
Section 1 of article II. was amended to read as
follows: "The officers of this union shall be: one
president, one vice-president, one secretary-treasurer
and an executive board to be composed of
twelve members, the president, vice-president and
secretary-treasurer to be members of the board by
reason of their official positions."
The constitution as a whole was amended so
that wherever the word "national" appears in it
it shall hereafter read "international."
The committee on officers' reports and the special
committee on supplementary reports unanimously
concurred in the reports as read.
W. H. Haskins. president of the Ohio mine
woncers, and H. C. Perry, president of the Illinois
mine workers, were elected delegates to the International
Mining Congress which will be held at
Brussels next May.
The convention re-elected President Mitchell.
Vice-President Lewis and Secretary-Treasurer Wilson.
The following were elected to serve as delegates
to the American Federation of Labor convention:
John Mitchell, T. L. Lewis. W. L. Wilson,
W. D. Evans, Patrick Dolan, John Fahy and
John Demase.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE GERMAN COAL STRIKE.
Close to 300.000 men are involved in the German
coal strike which began on January 12. In their
main contentions the German miners seek to
better their conditions as to wages and hours,
and in so far they have the entire sympathy and
support of the public. In addition to their demands
for an eight-hour day, six-hour shifts in
times of oppressive heat, the regulation of weighing
the miners' output, a minimum wage of $1.25
for cutters and 87Vi cents for helpers and extra
pay for overtime labor, the miners have grievances
arising out of the policy of the syndicate controlling
all the mines in the strike district except
those owned by the government, in arbitrarily
closing down certain workings in order to limit
tlie production.
The facts that the miners entered upon a general
strike, in spite of extraordinary efforts of the
German emperor to prevent such a step, and that
they have the powerful support of the Socialists,
indicated a long and bitter contest. The mine
owners, however, determined on January 26 to inform
the government they would accept any judgment
a parliamentary commission might render
after an inquiry into the grievances of the miners
and would immediately remove the grievances.
The resolution, which binds all the members of
the coal syndicate, suggested that the interior
department's commission already at work be authorized
by the Prussian diet to act for the diet.
Although the Prussian minister of commerce and
industry, announced in the reichstag recently that
the government was not willing to undertake a
revision of the general mining laws during the
strike, a conference with Chancellor von Buelow
apparently led to a different decision. A semiofficial
publication states the Prussian ministry
will at an early day lay before the diet a bill for
revising the law in such a way as to be equivalent
to granting all the essential demands of the
strikers.
The scene of the strike lies in Westphalia and
Rhenish Prussia. There was some rioting at the
outset but troops were promptly sent to the affected
districts since which time order has been
maintained. The last important strike in the
German mines took place in 18S9. Then about
100.000 men went out in Westphalia and the
Rhine provinces, and, although the strike was
settled in less than two weeks, there were fatal
collisions between troops and the populace, fires
were extinguished in many forges and factories,
and uie whole empire felt the disruption of normal
conditions very severely. Intervention by the
emperor brought about concessions to the miners
and industrial peace. There have been many industrial
strikes in Germany within the last year.
A recent consular report states that during the
months of July, August and September, 1904, 678
strikes were commenced or were in progress in the
empire. During the same period 579 strikes were
brought to a close. Of this number 165 were
successful, 203 were unsuccessful, and 211 were
partially successful. A large majority of these
strikes took place in the mining and building
industries.
The remarkable industrial development of the
German empire has been based largely upon the
strenuous and notably successful efforts to make
the most of rather meager and inaccessible coal
measures. By great energy in overcoming broken
formations, thin beds of coal, deep shafts and
inferior quality in many deposits, the product of
the German empire has been pushed up within fair
distance of the yield of Great Britain. It is generally
conceded, however, that not even German
scientific methods, thoroughness and low wages
can make coal really cheap in Germany. The
measures lie too deep and the deposits are not
rich enough. As German industries depend upon
coal for much of their scope and vitality, and
scarcity of fuel cannot be overcome by science,
patient labor or anything else, it is obvious that
a coal strike which covers the principal fields in
the German empire must be an event of international
importance.
CONTRACTS WERE NOT RENEWED.
Contracts of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. with M. A.
Hanna & Co. and Pickands, Mather & Co., both of
Cleveland, made at the time of the formation of
the Pittsburgh company, expired by limitation on
January 1. Under these contracts the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. furnished these parties with coal with
which they supplied their customers on the Great
Lakes on a commission basis, which arrangement
proved to have been more remunerative to the
two firms than to the coal producer. Now that
the contracts have expired, these parties will purchase
their coal supply elsewhere and the Pittsburgh
company will not be restricted in marketing
its coal on the lakes as it was during the life
of these contracts.
Miners Asked To Pay For Strike.
The Silverbrook Coal Co. of Wilkesbarre has filed
claim with the conciliation board that the mine
workers at their colliery, who twice recently went
on short strikes, should pay the company $2,000.
The conipany officials maintain that the strikes
were a violation of the strike commission's findings
and were unauthorized, and that as the company
was put to considerable expense in maintaining
the colliery without workers the mine
workers who struck should pay for the loss. The
demand will shortly be considered by the conciliation
board.

COMMISSIONERS OF COAL OPERA­
TORS' ASSOCIATIONS FURTHER
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
PLAINS FOR CO-OPERATION.
Considerable progress in formulating effective
working plans was made at the second conference
between the commissioners and secretaries of commissions
of coal operators' associations, held at
Indianapolis on January 18 and 19. Those present
at the meetings were Herman Justi, of the Illinois
Coal Operators' Association; P. H. Penna, commissioner
of the Indiana Coal Operators' Association;
John P. Reece, commissioner of the Iowa Operators'
Association; D. Stewart Miller, commissioner
of the Southwestern Kentucky Association of Operators;
Bennett Brown, commissioner of uie Southwestern
Operators' Association, Kansas City, Mo.;
Patrick Macbryde, commissioner of the Eastern
Ohio Operators' Association; and Mr. Kennedy,
commissioner of the Kanawha Association.
Several months ago the commissioners of the
operators' associations met at Chicago and appointed
a committee to consider and report upon
the question whether mutual or joint co-operation
would be desirable, and, if so, in what respects.
This committee's report was presented at the meeting
by Mr. Justi.
The report cited that considerable friction had
resulted from the operators' reserved right to hire
and discharge, the miners contending that discrimination
had been exercised against the employment
of miners because of the personal dislike of
superintendents and pit bosses, because of participation
in strikes and because of too great zeal
in the discharge of their duties as local officers.
The employers, on the other hand, complain that
the miners have refused to work with the new
men, even when the latter express willingness to
join the union, the universal practice of the
miners being to insist upon the reinstatement of
the discharged miner. The committee thought
most trouble of this kind would be obviated if
the miners' union would find employment for the
discharged man elsewhere.
The committee also deplores as unjust the prevailing
practice of having the fines of miners paid
into the treasuries of the union. If the operator
has suffered pecuniary loss through the willful
violation of rules the fines provided therefor should
go to him or at least to a fund for the relief of
the widows and orphans of victims of mine disasters,
rather than to the union. The holiday
abuse is referred to as a proper subject for rectification.
The work of the various associations
it was further urged should be nationalized as
much as possible that greater uniformity of conditions
might be established. It is suggested that
closer relations among the superintendents and
pit bosses should De established, and that a court
of final resort should be created for the final determination
of disputes. That these and other reforms
might be inaugurated the following recommendations
are made:
The representatives of the various commissions
should be organized into an association, with the
approval of the coal mine operators; that association
should hold quarterly conferences for the
furtherance of its objects; there should be joint
conferences between the association and the operators;
the representatives of the association should
meet periodically with the representatives of the
miners to discuss plans and methods for carrying
on the work of the mines without the frequent
interruptions now so common throughout the bituminous
field.
The report was received and it is expected that
a conference will be held within the next three
months between the commission and the officers
of the coal operators' associations, at which plans
for a permanent organization of the commissioners
will be considered.
COAL PRODUCTION OF 1904.
While the production of coal in the United
States during 1904 was in the neighborhood of
7,000,000 tons less than that of 1903, the world's
coal output last year, according to reliable estimates,
was increased by from twenty-five to thirty
millions of tons, the total closely approximating
one billion tons. In 1903 the total world's production
aggregated nearly 972,000,000 tons. Of
this the United States, England and Germany
supplied about 80 per cent. The British output
in 1904 was increased sufficiently to offset the
lessened production in this country and in France,
while Germany gave an increase of nearly ten
millions of tons. The remaining increase came
almost wholly from the other European fields.
In the United States the principal falling off in
production was in Pennsylvania, its shortage of
nearly ten millions of tons, as compared with
1903, being about equally divided between its
anthracite and bituminous fields. Industrial, and
to some extent, transportation conditions were
responsible for the showing made, which was in
no wise discreditable, all things considered.
Illinois, the second largest producing state,
barely held its own, but West Virginia, which
ranks next, made a notable gain. Ohio and Alabama,
which come in the order named, increased
their output slightly, but the rest of the large producers,
as a whole, show a falling off.
Comparative freedom from labor troubles prevailed
during 1904, the general strike in Alabama
being the principal disturbance. There was also
some trouble in the Southern Illinois field and
somewhat less than the usual amount of purely

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
local trouble. The compromise on the Western
bituminous schedule and the two-year agreement
covering a number of important fields, contributed
largely toward maintaining pacific conditions.
A review of the market conditions and working
statistics for the year shows that there was a
certain amount of over-production of bituminous
coal, particularly in the Central and West Central
fields. Competition was rather severe at times
with the result that low prices prevailed for considerable
periods. It is apparent that the output
of the territory mentioned could readily be increased
by perhaps one-fourth, merely by increasing
the number of working days, a general average
of the year's returns showing that the days
worked admit of such an extension, even after the
question of proper and timely transportation facilities
is taken into consideration.
The following table, compiled from completed
reports and reliable estimates, shows at a glance
the production of coal during 1903 and 1904 in
short tons:
1904. 1903.
Pennsylvania 98.000,000 103.000,000
Illinois 37,077,897 34,955,073
West Virginia 30.500,000 26,882,526
Ohio 25.000,000 24,573.266
Alabama 12,250,000 11,700,753
Indiana 9.000,000 9,972.553
Colorado 7,000,000 7,651,694
Kentucky 7,000,000 7,075,000
Kansas 5.950,000 5,875,000
Iowa 5,728.700 6,365,233
Wyoming 4.S00.000 4,602,929
Tennessee 4,500,000 4,810,758
Maryland 4.350,000 4,400,000
Missouri 4,300,000 4,265,328
Virginia 3,500,000 3,500,000
Indian Ter 3,000,000 3,243,692
Washington 2.990.500 3,100,477
Arkansas 2,350.000 2,300,000
New Mexico 1.613,334 1,323.909
Utah 1,563,274 1,845,550
Montana 1.472,204 1.500,000
Michigan 1,341,375 1,581.346
North Dakota 300,000 300,000
Oregon 94,638 80,000
California 93,000 93,026
Pennsylvania anthracite. 69,701.520 75,232,585
New Mexico anthracite.. 25,942 35,621
Colorado anthracite 22,500 20,000
Total bituminous. .273,774,922
Total anthracite. . . 69,749,962
Grand total. .
. .343,524,884
274,998,113
75,288,206
350,286,319
The coal exported from the United States during
1904 amounted to a little more than nine mil­
lions of tons, a slight increase. More than twothirds
of the amount went to Canada, which, however,
took about 225,000 tons more anthracite and
about 300,000 tons less bituminous coal than in
1903.
The imports of coal, which were abnormally
large in 1903, owing to the anthracite strike, were
reduced in 1904 by about 55 per cent., the total
being about one and one-half million tons.
The most prominent national feature of the year
was the notable gain in production made in West
Virginia. That this was not still larger, especially
in the Central and Eastern sections was due
to the lack of transportation facilities. The state
is badly in need of more railroad lines and while
considerable advances in this direction were made
during the year, still greater activity both in building
and the maintenance of facilities is imperative
if the producers are to have a fair chance for
natural progress. Seaboard shipments were badly
handicapped during a large part of the year. The
appended table, compiled by James W. Paul, chief
mine inspector, shows that of the total production
of the state, 48VJ per cent, was produced by 28
companies. There are 49 companies producing
between 100,000 and 200,000 tons per year and 46
companies producing between 50,000 and 100,000
tons. The individual outputs of the larger companies
follow:
Fairmont Coal Co 4,033,659
Davis Coal & Coke Co 1,457,757
Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Coke Co... 956,815
Red Jacket Coal & Coke Co 579,949
The New River Smokeless Coal Co 574,878
Clarksburg Fuel Co 530,028
Norfolk Coal & Coke Co 521,940
United States Coal & Coke Co 410,609
Pittsburgh & Fairmont Fuel Co 353,612
Houston Coal & Coke Co 341,533
Southern Coal & Transportation Co 331,354
McKell Coal & Coke Co 319,723
Empire Coal & Coke Co 316,558
Merchants Coal Co 312,453
Davis Colliery Co 305,948
Collins Colliery Co 299,704
Gauley Mountain Coal Co 298,653
Ashland Coal & Coke Co 288,841
Turkey Gap Coal & Coke Co 265,600
Pulaski Iron Co 252,565
The Marmet Co 250,518
Thacker Coal & Coke Co 242,873
W. P. Rend 239,352
Mill Creek Coal & Coke Co 238,757
Elkhorn Coal & Coke Co 237,526
Crozer Coal & Coke Co 232,125
White Oak Fuel Co 230,944
Boomer Coal & Coke Co 226,537
Total net tons 14,663,798

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
THE PULSE OF
i » * ""
Conditions in the bituminous coal market as
a whole are a shade easier than they were a fortnight
ago. The Eastern railroad service has not
improved perceptibly in the matter of car supply.
and transportation movements are still unsatisfactory.
There has been no gain in the amount
of coal delivered at tidewater and the demand is
so firm that shipments have been absorbed immediately
upon arrival. In the West, the coldest
weather of the winter has failed to make the demand
brisk. Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia
coals are in fair demand in Chicago, but
stagnation has overtaken Illinois. Indiana and
other Western coals. Moderate prices are being
obtained for the former, while the quotations on
the Western coals are very low. In the Southwest
there has been no material change in conditions,
the large stocks on hand and the steady
shipments being more than equal to the increased
demand due to colder weather. There has been
no particular lack of railroad transportation facilities
in this section and the market has been
wholly dependent on weather conditions. Trade
in both steam and domestic sizes continues fairly
good in the Eastern lower lake region. Stocks
are somewhat lighter as a result of the discontinuance
of heavy shipments which have been diverted
to other sections, but while prices continue firm
there is no indication of any considerable stiffening.
Production is increasing in the middle South
but much of the increase is going into coke. The
demand for coal, however, continues good and
prices are stable. A second rise in the Ohio,
which gave an outlet for nearly 7,000.000 bushels
of Pittsburgh coal, is giving needed relief in the
Mississippi valley, the stage of water in the latternamed
river having increased sufficiently to permit
of considerable shipments. This rise, following
closely upon that of the latter part of
December, enabled the Pittsburgh district river
operators to bring up a large number of empty
boats and barges which the short duration of the
previous rise left stranded at various points between
Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. The arrival
of these craft at headwaters insures the certainty
of river operations during the first half of the
year. There has also been a noticeable improvement
in transportation conditions in the entire
Western Pennsylvania district and the product
is moving more freely than at any time during
the winter season. Run-of-mine coal is still
quoted at $1.05 to $1.10.
In the face of continued increase in production,
better transportation facilities and a slight falling
THE MARKETS.
off ill demand, in some quarters, the advance in
Lie price of coke has stopped and there has been
a slight reaction. 'I'he lull in the iron market is
about over, however, and the revival of inquiry
already manifested seems to indicate that the
check is only temporary and that prices will soon
stiffen again. The current quotations of $2.60 to
$2.75 for spot furnace, $2.25 for future furnace and
$3.00 to $3.25 for foundry, according to delivery,
are being firmly adhered to. The combined production
of the Connellsville and Masontown fields
has now passed the 325,000-ton mark, which is considerably
ahead of the same period last year. Of
about 27,000 ovens in these two districts, considerably
less than 1,500 are idle. The shipments
average about ten per cent, less than the production.
There is also a steady increase in the pro
duction of Alabama coke, the majority of which
is consumed by the producers.
The Atlantic seaboard soft coal trade continues
very brisk with the supply considerably smaller
tnan it was a fortnight ago. Severe weather conditions
have stimulated buying and hindered rail
shipments. Prices have increased in firmness
and there is every prospect of an early advance.
In addition to bad weather, the ill effects of the
recent poor water supply on motive power is assigned
as a reason for unsatisfactory transportation
facilities and little immediate hope of improvement
is held out. Despite the fact that
stocks in the far East are heavier than in almost
any other Eastern consuming territory, the demand
there is increasing steadily. Greatly reduced
supplies at New York harbor and along the
sound are reported. The most of the cheap coal
at the former place has been consumed and the
demand is very active. Vessels in the coastwise
trade are equal to the demand, although many
have been laid up for the winter.
Weather conditions are dominating the anthracite
market except in the matter of Northwestern
shipments which are being hampered slightly by
a purely local car shortage due largely to exceptionally
heavy grain and merchandise movements.
The cold weather throughout the East has had
the same effect as in the bituminous trade, but the
supplies are better owing to somewhat shorter
haul and more available cars. Buying has been
heavier than for some time but price quotations
are unchanged, on a basis of $4.75 for broken and
$5.00 for egg.
There has been a rise all along the line in the

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
foreign market, due unquestionably to the Ger­ 1. This is the same distribution as last year.
man coal strike. An advance of 96 cents a long Fairmont Coal Co.: Two per cent, regular and
ton is reported from New Castle. Hull, Blyth & 1 per cent, extra on the $12,000,000 of capital stock,
Co., of London and Cardiff, report the market payable February 1. Last year the payment was
firm, with a good demand for all descriptions and 2 per cent. Somerset Coal Co.: No dividend was
a general stiffening of prices, quotations being as declared. The surplus of this company includes
fo.iows: Best Welsh steam coal, $3.60; seconds, $250,000 cash in bank and the dividend could have
$3.42; thirds, $3.24; dry coals, $3.24; best Mon­ been paid out of the surplus, but the management
mouthshire, $3.12; seconds, $3.00; best small steam decided to omit the payment. Last year 2 per
coal. $2.22; seconds, $2.04; other sorts, $1.80. cent, was declared on the $4,000,000 of capital
stock of this company.
Regarding the showing of the Somerset com­
LATE HOCKING QUOTATIONS.
pany, C. W. Watson, the president of the three
The New Pittsburgh Coal Co., Columbus, O., an­ companies, made the following statement:
nounces the following quotations on thick vein "This was due to a strike which began in De­
Hocking coal, effective Feb. 1, the figures being for cember, 1903, and lasted until the middle of the
short tons f. o. 1). mines, with 10 cents per ton summer of 1904. The general conditions that
added for loading in box cars: Domestic lump, were unfavorable to the soft coal trade also af­
$1.35; three-quarter inch screened lump. $1.25; fected the Somerset to some extent. They were
run-of-mine, $1.05; domestic nut, 90c; pea, 60c; felt by the Consolidation and Fairmont companies.
nut, pea and slack, 00c; coarse slack, 40c. We had the extraordinary winter weather which
affected the railroads and handicapped coal shippers.
Then followed the demoralization of the
coal trade from the business depression."
DAMAGES ASKED FROM RAILROAD.
Two suits for damages aggregating almost $2,-
000,000 have been filed against the Pennsylvania
Railroad Co. in the United States circuit court at
Philadelphia by the Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Co.
and the Webster Coal & Coke Co., operating in
Blair, Cambria and Indiana counties. The former
seeks to recover $420,174.24, the latter $1,483,838.
The suits are brought under the interstate commerce
act. They allege that the railroad company
assumed the right to estimate and determine
the capacity to produce coal from the mines of the
plaintiff companies. From this estimate was
fixed the number of cars necessary to carry the
coal from the mines. The actual capacity of the
mines, it is alleged, was far greater than that
estimated by the defendant. A demand was made
for more cars, but the railroad conipany, it is
averred, refused and neglected to furnish them.
Another specification is that the Pennsylvania
railroad allowed, on coal hauled over private mine
roads, and delivered to it, a special drawback of
15 cents a ton to certain companies and refused to
allow the same to the plaintiffs.
MEETINGS OF THE WATSON COMPANIES.
An extraordinary showing for the year 1904 was
made at the recent annual meetings in Baltimore
of the Consolidation, Fairmont and Somerset Coal
Cos. Despite the unfavorable conditions all three
companies produced a surplus well above fixed
charges and other deductions. The Consolidation
Coal Co. declared dividends as follows:
Two per cent, regular and 2 per cent, extra on
the $10,250,^00 of capital stock, payable February
THE NORTH AND EAST RIVER TUNNELS.
W^ork is well under way on the tunnels under
the North and East rivers by which the Pennsylvania
railroad will enter New York Gity. The
driving of these tunnels is the greatest undertaking
in the history of sub-aqueous tunneling and
no effort has been spared to make the method of
procedure up-to-date.
Compressed air is to bear the greater part of
the burden of pushing these great tubes under
the rivers, and the compressor plants by which it
is to be furnished will represent the latest developments
of pneumatic practice. The contracts
for the air power equipments were awarded to the
Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. which is now installing
the machinery to make up the completed
plants. The work is to be carried on in two distinct
sections and under two separate contracts.
The East river tunnel will comprise four parallel
tubes 33 feet in diameter. The North river tunnel
will be composed of two 33-foot tubes. The
work in both cases will be pushed from both ends
and the four power plants to be operated will
represent in the aggregate the largest installation
of air compressing machinery ever made for general
power purposes.
The United Coal Co., of Pittsburgh, has ordered
1,000 steel cars for its rail trade, and some of
them have already been delivered. They are of
the most approved pattern and have a capacity of
100,000 pounds each.

The launching of the lake steamship Francis L.
Robbins from the yards of the American Ship­
building" Co. at Cleveland, on .January 19, was
successful both as a marine and as a social affair,
a large numlier of visitors being present. The
traditional christening process was performed by
Miss Zuleika Becker, the daughter of W. H.
Becker, president and manager of the Robbins
Transportation Co., which will operate the vessel.
The guests included Francis L. Robbins, of Pittsburgh;
Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Becker. William
Becker, Mr. and Mrs. John A. Donaldson, Martin
Mullen, J. P. Walsh. Robert Wallace. James C.
W r allace. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Logan, Miss Hilda
Logan, W. A. Hawgood. H. A. Hawgood. John F.
Wedow. Mr. and Mrs. Frank Seither, Captain and
Mrs. R. W. England, Mr. and Mrs. E. R. Danow,
Mr. and Mrs. E. P. Church, Mr. and Mrs. F. H.
Marks, Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Williams, Mr. and
Mrs. William Gibson, Francis Widlar, C. 0. Jenkings,
A. E. Williams, Captain C. L. Hutchinson.
Frederick Steinen, Frederick McCracken, Captain
Henry Stone and Harry Reynolds, of Cleveland;
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 11
LAUNCHING OF THE FRANCIS L. ROBBINS.
W. I. Babcock. of New York; Edward Smith, of
Buffalo; Mr. and Mrs. Earl Crawford, of Menom-
The Francis L. KoMjins in th«- Water.
The Christening.
inee, Mich.; E. T. Loudon, J. W. McDonald and
George W. Schluederberg, of Pittsburgh.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Francis L. Robbins is 400 feet over all.
380 feet keel, 50 feet beam and 2S feet deep.
The engine of the steamer George W. Roby will
lie installed in the
new boat. This en­
gine is of a triple
expansion type with
cylinders 19, 30 and
52 inches in diameter
by a stroke of 4
inches supplied with
steam from two
Scotch boilers, 12
feet in diameter and
12 feet long, allowed
175 pounds pressure.
The Robbins will
have twenty hatches
and will have a carrying
capacity of 6,ooo
tons of ore. The
accompanying views
of the launching are
presented through
the courtesy of The
Marine Review, of
Cleveland. D.H.LYMAS
"Lord High Executio
THE RIVERS AND HARBORS BILL.
The bill reported by tlle rivers and harbors committee
of Congress carries $31,637,591.04, of whicli
$14,902,933.41 is in cash and $16,734,657.03 is in
authorization of contracts. The most important
items, so far as coal inteiests are concerned, are
those which mark the beginning of the great project
for the canalization of the Ohio river. One
is an appropriation of $340,000 for the extension
of Pittsburgh harbor down to dam No. 6, with a
nine-foot channel, and the other is the provision
for a survey of the river for its entire length to
estimate the cost of canalizing it with a channel
of nine feet in depth.
The items listed under the Ohio river are as
follows: General improvement, $300,000 cash:
locks anil dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, in Pennsylvania.
$500,000 cash, and $1,281,376 in authorization;
dams Nos. 8 and 11, Ohio and West Virginia,
$160,000 cash and $160,000 authorization.
Out of the $300,000 for general improvement
will come the money necessary to pay the expenses
of the examination of the Ohio looking to the establishment
of the nine-foot channel. The $500,-
000 cash items for dams Nos. 2, 3, 4. 5 and 6 include
the $340,000 needed to deepen the channel
down to Beaver to nine feet.
Aii appropriation of $163,000 is made for the
purchase of the slackwater system on the Little
Kanawha river and for the repair of the locks, on
condition that certain stock can be secured by the
government for $75,000 as promised.
THE BIG SANDY IMPROVEMENTS.
'I'he opening of Lock No. 1 on the Big Sandy
river and the additional improvements contemplated
for that stream will ultimately exercise
an important influence on the coal trade. The
report made to Congress carries the statement
tbat the territory tributary to the Big Sandy
river contains more coal and timber than any
other section of the entire Appalachian region.
The section drained by the Big Sandy is larger
than the combined states of Delaware and Rhode
Island. With the construction of the dams by
the government as contemplated by the present
report of the engineers at a cost of less than $5.-
000,000. a waterway navigable throughout the year
connecting this vast storehouse of raw material
with all the markets of the world will be made
available for all time.
This greatest undeveloped coal field in the world
is 100 miles nearer market than any other coal
field shipping by water, and 300 miles nearer market
than the Pennsylvania fields which ship by
water.
ANTHRACITE DISTRICT CONVENTIONS.
At the conventions of Districts 7 and 9, of the
mine workers, all of the old officers were re-elected
practically without opposition. The Seventh district
convention declared in favor of sending an
active lobby to Harrisburg in the interest of union
legislation although a year ago lobbying was condemned
b.v the union. The legislation favored
by the delegates is the following: An anti-injunc
tion law. an eight-hour law. more stringent labor
laws: and a law providing that the mine examining
board be elected by vote of the people. A motion
that mine inspectors should be elected by the
vote of the mine workers in the respective counties,
and not by all electors was defeated.
Home-Seekers' Excursions.
West, North nest and Southwest via
Pennsylvania Lines.
Excursion tickets will be sold via Pennsylvania
Lines to points West. Northwest and Southwest,
account Home-Seekers' Excursions, during December,
January, February. March and April. For
full particulars regarding fares, routes, etc.. call
on J. K. Dillon. District Passenger Agent, 515 Park
Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Captain L. R. Doty, vice-president oj^ne Pittsburgh
Coal Co. and president of the New England
Coal Co. and of the Northern Fuel Co., will about
March 1 change his residence from Chicago to
Columbus, O., his old home. Captain Doty has
leased for two years a twelve-acre estate at
Arlington, a beautiful suburb four miles Northwest
from Columbus. He makes the change both
because it is nearer to his own mining properties
in the Hocking Valley and also to the Pittsburgh
offices of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
On account of the increase in coke production
the H. C. Frick Coke Co. has created three new
positions. Superintendent W. H. Klingerman
will have two assistants, Mr. James A. Cowan, of
Morewood, formerly division superintendent, and
Mr. Clay F. Lynch, formerly superintendent of the
Calumet works. Mr. Patrick Muller, formerly
superintendent of the Buffington works, has been
made mine inspector, the third new position.
Captain John Kennedy, a pioneer Monongahela
river coal operator, died recently at his home at
Homestead, Pa. Captain Kennedy embarked in
the coal business 58 years ago. when 22 years old.
He built and ran the steamboats Seven Sons and
Stella McClusky. His wife, six sons and two
daughters survive him.
.Mr. Joseph Johnston, who for many years was
connected with the firm of M. A. Hanna & Co. as
secretary of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Coal Mining
Co.. and Mr. C. L. Ayers. who has also been
connected with the Hanna interests as a sales
agent, have formed the Johnston-Ayers Coal Co.
Mr. D. B. Ross, a coal merchant of Pittsburgh.
died recently at Los Angeles. Cal., whither he had
gone for his health. Until ill-health forced his
retirement he was a member of the coal firm of
W r ilson & Ross.
Mr. Albert G. Thomas, son of Capt. G. W.
Thomas, of C. Jutte & Co.. of Pittsburgh, has been
appointed to take charge of the company's large
interests at New Orleans.
Effective the 21st of December last Mr. W. J.
Hamilton became manager of the W. J. Hamilton
Coal Co.. of Columbus. Ohio, in the place of Mr.
S. F. L. Dean, resigned.
Mr. Hugh White, president of the Illinois Coal
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
Washing Co.. and formerly president of the Victor
Coal Co., is traveling in the East with his family.
Mr. R. S. Thomas, of Bevier. Mo., has been appointed
coal mine inspector of that state, succeeding
C. Evans.
THE PRODUCERS' COAL CO.
The Producers' Coal Co., formed recently at
Wheeling, W. Va., liy independent operators in
the Eastern Ohio district to establish selling agencies
and make a bid for lake trade, is made up of
the following concerns: Moore's Run Coal Co..
Wheeung, W. Ya.; Johnson Coal Co., Bellaire, 0.;
Russell Coal & Mining Co., Steubenville, O.; Williamson
Mining Co., Martins Ferry. O.; Pultney
Coal Co., Bellaire, 0.; Portland Coal Co.. Wheeling.
W. Va.; O'Neal Coal Co., Wheeling, W. Va.;
Lewis Coal & Coke Co. The officers elected are:
President, J. S. Johnston, of the Johnston Coal
Co.; vice-president. F. P. Jones, of the Moores Run
Coal Co.: secretary and treasurer, Samnuel Kinsey,
president of the Portland Coal Co.; directors,
these officers, and H. J. Lewis Coal & Coke Co.. and
George M. Anderson, of the Williamson Mining
Co.
The purpose of the organization is to do away
with the brokers' commissions whicli have compelled
the companies to sell their coal at about 90
cents when the larger companies were getting
from $1 to $1.10.
More Room For Pittsburgh Coal Co.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has leased the Sheppard
iiroperty adjoining the Hussey building, in
which its Pittsburgh offices are located, and will
erect a large building which will be an annex of
the structure at present occupied. The step was
prompted by the necessity for more office room.
The new structure will be of the most modern
order but the details of height and construction
have not yet been decided upon.
One-Way Settlers' Fares to South and Southeast.
One-way excursion tickets to points in Alabama.
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and
Virginia, account Settlers' Excursions, will be sold
from all ticket stations on the Pennsylvania Lines.
during December. January. February. March and
April. For full particulars consult J. K. Dillon,
District Passenger Agent. 515 Park Building, Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Copper ore. apparently in paying quantities, was
found recently while opening a new shaft for the
Creighton & Son Coal Co.. at Elm Grove. W. Va.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
REPORT OF U. M. W. DELEGATES TO
INTERNATIONAL MINING CONGRESS.
The report of President John Mitchell and Wil­
liam Dodds, the delegates of the United Mine
Workers to the International Mining Congress held
at Paris last August, was one of the most inter­
esting presented at the recent national convention
of miners at Indianapolis. It embodies a brief
narrative of tlie trip abroad, the places visited
and the general impression received, together with
a series of thirteen articles on labor and living
conditions in Europe. The titles of these articles
are: "How the London Workingman Lives,"
"British Trade Unions in Politics," "Government
Savings Banks in England," "The Co-Operative
Stores of Great Britain," "Compensation Laws of
Great Britain," "The Land of the Poor," I Ireland),
"Conciliation Boards in Great Britain." "The Trade
Union Movement in France." "Labor Conditions in
Belgium." "The International Mining Congress."
"How the German Government Insures the workman."
"American and European Labor Conditions
Compared," and "The Social Democratic Party of
Germany." The first twelve of these articles
have been published in the I'nited Mine Workers'
Journal. Messrs. Mitchell and Dodds arrived in
London on June 19 and attended a meeting of the
Miners' Federation of Great Britain where they
obtained information concerning British mining
conditions, the form of organization, the methods
of adjusting grievances and regulating wages, and
learned that owing to industrial stagnation and
the imposition by the government of a tax upon
export coal, wages in the British mines had suffered
a decline.
They visited the mining districts of Lancashire,
Durham, and Northumberland, England, tlie Lan­
arkshire, Fifeshire and Dalkeith districts of Scotland,
making a brief trip to Ireland and thence to
the mining fields of Wales. They then proceeded
to France and after a few days spent in Paris,
went through tlie Charleroi and Liege districts ot
Belgium, where they made a close study of mining
conditions. They next visited the great West­
phalia mining district of Germany, from whence
after completing their investigation they returned
to Paris to be present at the opening of the Inter­
national Mining Congress. Regarding the proceedings
of the congress and the deductions of the
delegates the report says in part:
"The congress met at the Bourse de Travail on
August 8, and continued its sessions up to and including
August 12. There were 77 delegates in
attendance, 45 being from Great Britain, nine from
Belgium, seven from France, 13 from Germany,
one from Austria, and I wo from the I'nited States.
The number of men represented was 2,009.500.
The subjects discussed were the shorter work day,
the niininiuni wage scale, old age pensions, the
mine inspection laws, the control of wages, the
nationalization of mines, disease among miners,
and a proposition to establish an international
secretaryship. Mr. Mitchell was elected a member
of an international committee of 12. It was
decided to hold the next congress at Liege. Belgium.
"From the reports submitted liy the delegates
from France. Belgium, Germany and Austria, it
was quite evident that until recently the trade
union movement has made very satisfactory progress
among the miners of these countries. Wages
are low and the conditions of employment ex­
tremely bad. It is safe to say that the miners of
Prance and Germany do not average more than
one dollar per day. while in Belgium and Austria,
wages are considerably less. There are, however,
many hopeful signs for the future in these con­
tinental countries. Trade unions are increasing
in strength, and through their influence much
remedial legislation has been enacted.
"It was surprising to learn how closely they
have watched the growth and development of the
United .Mine Workers of America. The public
press gives more space to American mining news
than it does to events occurring in the mining
fields of continental Europe.
"In Great Britain, the wages are very much
higher than on the continent : the hours of labor
and many of the conditions of employment are
superior to our own. I believe it would be safe
to say that the English ami Welsh miners earn,
on an average, $1.50 per day, while those in Scotland
will probably earn 25 cents less.
"The one pre-eminent feature of European industrial
life, especially in Great Britain, is the preva­
lence of the co-operative store system, and it was
this feature whiidi made upon us the most lasting
impression. Nearly all British miners—and indeed
many other classes of workmen—are mem­
bers of some co-operative society; every mining
town supports one or more co-operative stores.
In these stores, a person may buy anything that
is used in the ordinary household. We were
given splendid opportunities to study the workings
of these societies and it was demonstrated
lo our entire satisafction that a person buying
through them can save from 12 to 20 per cent.
In connection with this report, we take the lib­
erty of recommending that our members give the
co-operative store system their serious considera-
t ion. We desire to say that in our judgment it
would be to the interest of our organization, and
certainly to the advantage of the miners of the
Old World, were we to continue our representation
in these international mining congresses."
( To be Continued)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 15
INDUSTRIAL NOTES. 2
A compendium of coal mining machinery, well
worth careful perusal, is the No. 52 catalogue just
issued by the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co., of New
York. It contains 136 pages filled with information
and illustrations of such an exceptionally
practical nature that it will be found useful for
reference if for nothing else. The various air
compressors, coal cutteis, drills and other mining
equipment and appurtenances manufactured by
the Ingersoll-Sergeant company are described in
detail, and with accompanying instructions and
suggestions which will be appreciated by patrons.
Pneumatic haulage is also treated at considerable
length. The neatness of the typography and the
quality of the illustrations, coupled with the large
amount of succinct information provided on mining
machinery in general, makes the catalogue
particularly attractive. O O O
The Municipal Record is the latest addition to
Pittsburgh journalism. It is a weekly publication
devoted to banking, real estate, building and
municipal affairs. It is issued in tabloid form
and the typography is exceptionally neat. It is
published by the Municipal Record Co., whose
offices are in the House building. The staff is
composed of Paul W. Hyde, editor; Edward Allen,
associate editor, and H. L. Stockbridge. business
manager.
TENNESSEE COAL AND IRON STATEMENT.
The accompanying" statement of earnings from
January 1 to September 30, 1904, has been issued
by the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co. The
net earnings during this period amounted to $1,-
191,075. Interest and other charges amounted to
$584,171, leaving a balance of $606,904. Out of
this sum $211,635 was appropriated for improvements
and depreciation and $14,440 went to pay
the dividends on the preferred stock. The remaining
surplus amounted to $380,829. The general
balance sheet of September 30, 1904, is:
RESOURCES.
Land account $26,084,837
Plant account 10,000,783
Deferred charges to operations 31,894
Investments (proprietary land cost)... 292,638
Trustees of sinking funds 52,940
Treasury securities 638,000
Cash 429,430
Bills receivable 207,923
Accounts receivable 1,113,345
Inventory of products and supplies on
hand 1,419,836
Total $40,271,625
LIABILITIES.
Common stock $22,552,800
Preferred 248,300
Bonded debt 12,927,000
Guaranteed pf. stock Ala. Steel & Ship
Bldg. Co 440,000
Reserve funds 243,459
Bulletin A, describing the novel coal and ashes Depreciation funds 214,191
distribution system of the Scioto Valley Traction Bills payable 825,000
Co.'s power plant at Reese's Station, Ohio, is the Accrued interest and unpresented coup. 215.416
first of a numlier of special illustrated brochures Audited vouchers, pay rolls and current
to be issued by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Co. A accounts payable 490.469
complete detailed description of the machinery Profit and loss, 1904 380,829
used and the method of operation, together with
numerous illustrations makes the brochure par­
Surplus priod to 1904 1,734,162
ticularly attractive.
Total $40,271,625
Air Power is the name of a periodical pamphlet,
the first number of which has just been issued by Large deposits of coal have been discovered in
the Rand Drill Co. It is to appear quarterly and the state of Santa Catharina, Brazil. The field
in addition to keeping the company's friends and is said to extend over a length of more than 400
patrons posted on what it is doing will contain miles, and the coal is reported to be of a very good
articles and matter of particular interest to users quality. Keen interest is taken in this discovery
of compressed air. It is neatly and tastefully
gotten up and well illustrated.
in Rio de Janeiro, which city imports every year
over 1,000,000 tons of coal from England. A railroad
is to be constructed to the port oi Massiambu,
to connect with the coal field.
A very neat calendar of convenient size for office
use is that issued by the Watt Mining Car Wheel
Co. It bears a number of handsome illustrations The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. has placed
of river and railroad mining plants and sections of m operation at its No. 10 mine the largest and
plants, as well as the pictures of different types most modern breaker in the world. The plant has
of cars equipped with Watt wheels.
a capacity of 1,500 tons per day.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Eugene V. Debs, having made an unqualified
failure of everything he has ever undertaken, is
about to cap the climax by trying to enroll the
workingmen of America under the banner of his
particular brand of socialism. Though foredoomed
to failure, the attempt is justified, because
the grand work being done liy the Civic
Federation and the propagation of such ideas as
University Extension and Community of Interest
between employer and employe, is so rapidly alienating
the toiler from demagogues and parasites
that the latter are obliged to do something to retain
even standing room.
—o—
The "examination commission" dodge in connection
with a nine-foot stage for the Ohio deserves
all the censure it can get. No examination
is required to establish the necessity for canalizing
the river. Action of the "get there" kind is
what is needed.
—o—
The German coal strike is already affecting the
production of iron and steel, which may give the
American manufacturer a chance for a stroke of
business unless, as many consuls report, we are
too slow in taking advantage of such situations.
—o—
Down in Fayette and Washington counties
somebody has discovered that 50 miles of coal
under the old national pike is not working, and
now the natives are staying up nights figuring
out the interest the commonwealth is losing.
—o—
The statistical genius has figured out that the
Niagara water power plants are saving 14,000 tons
of coal a day. It will be some time, however.
before a water power combination will be needed
to regulate the output.
PRACTICAL TALKS TO MINERS.
Encouraged by the success attending the series
of lectures on practical subjects pertaining to
anthracite mining, given during December by
direction of W. J. Richards, general manager of
the Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co.. a
further series extending through February has
been arranged. These lectures will be delivered
at Mahanoy City. Ashland, Shamokin, Pottsville
and Tremont. The lecturers and their subjects
are as follows:
Dr. Charles I. Reese, of the E. I. DuPont Powder
Co., on "Explosives;" William Wilhelm. of the
Rand Drill Co., on "Compressed Air;" Dr. George
F. Halberstadt, surgeon Pottsville Hospital, on
"First Aid to the Injured;" and E. P. Wilson,
principal School of Metal Mining, International
Correspondence Schools, on "Chemistry as Applied
to Mining;" J. H. Janeway, Jr., of John H. Roebling's
Sons Co., on "Ropes;" I. C. Newhard, chief
veterinarian of the Philadelphia & Reading Coal
& Iron Co., on "Care of Mules;" Charles J. Mason,
assistant principal School of Steam and Marine
Engineering, International Correspondence Schools
on "Boilers and Slide Valves," and W. B. Clark,
of the Power and Mining Department of the General
Electric Co., on "Electricity."
The Victor Fuel Co. has been incorporated at
Seattle, Wash., with a capital of $1,500, by W. G
Kegler and D. Ellery.
*
The Roslyn Cascade Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Bellingham. Wash., with a capital of
$50,000.
Knapp & Wild have been succeeded in the coal
business at Loveland. Col., by Knapp & Chasteen.
The continued cold weather in Kansas and Missouri
is helping to clean up the surplus stocks.
George N. Moses has purchased the coal and ice
business of A. Schaffer at Great Bend, Kan.
Winzer & McDermith have purchased the coal
business of Chrisney & Farmer at Denver.
*
At Ottawa. Kan., the coal business of F. Morrill
has been sold to Baughman Bros.
Y COAL TRADE CASUALTIES. ;>>
Fire in the Continental Coal Co.'s mine at
Glouster, O., on January 26, resulted in the loss
of the coal tipple and IS horses. Electric wires
coming in contact with some wooden material in
the mine caused the fire; loss $60,000.
—x—
By the derailment of a cable car on an inclined
plane at the mine of the Excelsior Coal Co. near
Middlesboro, Ky., on January 17, the plane was
wrecked and 17 miners riding to work were hurt,
two of them fatally.
—x—
The mine of the Decatur Coal Co., at Decatur,
111., was badly damaged by fire which started on
January 17, and through which six lives were lost.
—x—
During the recent rise in the Monongahela the
towboat Diamond was caught in an eddy at Lock
No. 2, losing a tow of 12 loaded barges.

Information from reliable sources shows that in
October, 1903, the number of unemployed workmen
in England was in the neighborhood of 300,000.
The press reports for 1904 estimate the number
idle to be at least 600,000. The statistics and
reports of the trade unions and other sources are
agreed that the number is at least 100 per cent.
greater than in 1903. The percentage of skilled
workmen among the number is greater than ever
before.
* * *
The Mercer-Butler coal mining scale has been
agreed to by the management of the mines of the
LTnited States Steel Corporation. The rate is 52
cents a ton, but the miners were offered 45 cents
a ton and struck. The management agreed to
pay the union rate until April 1 and then will
enter the joint conference with all operators in
that field for the next annual scale.
* * *
The Ohio mine workers decided at their recent
convention to continue the one per cent, assessment
upon the net earnings of each miner for the
maintenance of a relief fund, and that strike benefits
should be paid only during the actual existence
of a strike. It was also decided that only
contributing miners should have a vote in the
election of checkweighmen.
* * *
The first "miners' bill," of the present session of
the Pennsylvania legislature, presented on January
25, provides that it shall be unlawful for any person,
firm or corporation to employ any person or
persons in any anthracite coal mine for more than
eight hours per day.
* * *
The Reinecke Coal Mining Co., of Madisonville,
Ky., which employs about two hundred men, has
issued a new book of rules governing employes.
one of which makes it a penalty subject to fine for
any one of its employes to use cigarettes.
* * *
The Pancoast colliery of the Scranton Coal Co.,
employing 1,000 hands, has resumed operations
after an idleness of ten months due to a fire which
destroyed the breaker and power houses.
* * *
Representatives of the Dominion Coal Co., of
Sydney, N. S., and the Provincial Workmen's Association
have signed a three-years' agreement governing
wages and working rules.
The reports of mine inspectors for 1904 show uie
total fatalities in the mines of the anthracite region
to have been 564.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
Direct telegraphic communication is to be established
between the plants of the Fairmont Coal
Co., the Clarksburg Fuel Co., the Consolidated
Coal Co., the Consolidation Coal Co., the Pittsburgh
& Fairmont Fuel Co. and the Somerset Coal
Co., and the general office in Baltimore, the
sales office in Philadelphia, and the general sales
offices in New York.
The rivers and harbors committee of Congress
wul visit Pittsburgh in May, from where it will
make a trip down the Ohio to Cairo, under the
direction of a committee to be made up of members
of the Merchants and Manufacturers Asso
ciation of Pittsburgh and the Ohio Valley Improvement
Association.
After this fiseal year the Lehigh Valley Coal Co.
will begin to realize on an asset which has been
carried for years on its books. There is due the
company for advanced royalties $5,524,036, which,
after June 30, the company will begin to reduce,
and in the course of time will receive in cash the
whole sum.
The Lone Pine coal block in Washington county.
Pa., comprising 7.000 acres, has been sold to Pittsburgh
and Cleveland capitalists, the total amount
involved in the transfer being $700,000. The
block was owned by farmers, who had formed an
organization and bound themselves not to sell
individually.
The Coal River Railroad Co. has been chartered
in West Virginia to build a line from Point Pleasant
to St. Albans and Coal River, a distance of 42
miles; thence to Bramwell, 84 miles. The incorporators
are M. D. MacCorkle, W. M. Williamson
and Samuel Stephenson, all of Charleston, W. Va.
The Michigan coal operators and miners at their
joint session recently agreed on all the clauses of
the proposed amendments to the state mining law.
The mine must have 100 cubic feet of air per
minute for each man employed and 300 feet for
each animal.
Two new mining bills have been introduced in
the West Virginia legislature. One increases the
number of mine inspectors to six and raises their
salary to $1,800 from $1,200. The other changes
the law regarding the measurement of air in the
mines.
John M. Wright, a coal operator of Somerset

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
county, Pa., has sued the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
Co. for $47,000 damages, alleged to be due
for unreasonable discrimination in supplying coal
cars.
The Locust Grove Coal Co. has filed a petition
in the common pleas court at Pittsburgh, Pa., asking
for a decree of dissolution.
The Valley Fork Coal Co., Belington, W. Va.;
ccapital, $200,000; incorporators. A. Dunn, R. L.
Dunn, Tidioute, Pa.; J. P. H. Cunningham, New
Castle, Pa.; H. A. Lane. P. M. Hodgeman, G. S.
Beckwith, L. F. McGrath, Cleveland, O.
1
Pike Coal & Coke Co., Lookout, Ky.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, W. H. Warren, Thurmond,
W. Va.; Lowry Lewis, A. W. Laing. Fire Creek, W.
Va.; H. D. Gast. Kaymoor, W. Va.; W. V. Duniap,
Rush Run. W. Va.
—H
O'Gara Coal Mining Co.. Clarksburg. W. Va.;
capital. $200,000; incorporators, Thomas J. O'Gara.
Charles R. Campbell, Lawrence J. Walch, William
A. Breweston, Frank E. Martin, all of Chicago. 111.
1
Stone Cliff Coal & Coke Co., Charleston, W. Va.;
capital, $60,000; incorporators, Harrison B. Smith,
Charleston, W. Va.: Thomas C. Beury, John P.
Vaughan, Robert S. Spilman, George E. Price.
I
The Cecil Coal & Coke Co.. Grafton, W. Va.;
capital, $400,000; incorporators, N. Stone Scott,
L. V. Denis, L. F. McGrath, G. S. Beckwith, Cleveland,
O.; E. E. Naylor, Delaware, O.
—+—
Harsimus Coal Co.; capital, $100,000; incorporators,
M. C. Watson, Indiana; M. B. Courtright,
Charles V. Berg, William L. Scott. A. G.
Lanners, Philadelphia.
1
W r aynesburg County Operated Coal Co., capital,
$50,000; incorporators. Perry J. Comer, F. M. Rahdels,
Claud C. Ruppert, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Strayer
and R. Jay Myers.
—+—
Mogul Mining Co., Cleveland, O.; capita], $100,-
000; incorporators, Robert F. Denison, W. B.
Whiting, W. C. Boyle, Frank S. Whitcomb and M.
A. Henshelwood.
—+—
Randolph-Macon Coal Co., St. Louis, Mo.; capital.
$5,000,000; incorporators, Henry F. Vogel,
George A. H. Mills and W. E. Frisse.
Centralia Consolidated Coal Co., Chicago; capital,
$500,000; incorporators, Arthur W. Underwood,
Robert J. Devine, A. Herdlicka.
—+—
Pittsburgh & New York Coal Co., Pittsburgh;
capital, $15,000; incorporators, Chester Glass, John
Sloan and Frank P. Graffin. Pittsburgh.
CALIFORNIA'S COAL SUPPLY.
California's sources for its coal supply are probably
more diversified than those of any other state
in the Union. While more than a million tons of
coal were consumed last year, less than 100,000
tons were mined in the state. The import figures
show a marked falling off from those of the previous
year, which is accounted for by the extension
of the use of crude oil for fuel rather than
the industrial depression apparently indicated.
The coal imports for 1903 and 1904 are as follows:
Tons 1903. Tons 1904.
British Columbia 289,890 335,137
Australia 276,186 148,409
English and Welsh 61,580 64,664
Scotch 3,495 1,666
Eastern (Cumberland and anthracite)
13,262 29,055
Seattle (Washington) 127,819 139,063
Tacoma (Washington) 256,826 182,313
Mount Diablo, Coos Bay and
Tesla 84,277 96,520
Japan and Rocky Mountain by
rail 102,219 54,245
Total 1,215,554 1,051.072
Nova Scotia's Increased Coal Output.
W. R. Holloway, United States consul general
at Halifax, N. S., estimates that during last year
the water shipments of coal from Nova Scotia collieries
to Montreal were 1,500.000 tons. Up to
the end of October the shipments were 1,170.095
tons, and companies were able to send their steamers
up the St. Lawrence until the middle of December.
Of the total amount, 1,000,000 tons were
shipped by the Dominion Coal Co. to fill its large
contracts with the Grand Trunk and Canadian
Pacific railways and the Montreal Heat, Light &
Power Co. The next largest shipper was the
Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co. The Montreal shipments
last year were nearly half a million tons
larger than in any previous year. The most
pleasing feature, from a Nova Scotia standpoint.
is the displacement of large shipments of Scotch
and Welsh coal by the bituminous coal from this
province.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
ESTABLISHED 1857.
A.LESCHEN SrSONS ROPE CO.
ST. LOUIS,MO.
BRANCH OFFICES:
NEW YORK •• CHICAGO •- D£flVCR
WIRE ROPE FOR
MINES, QUARRIES,
ELEVATORS, ETC.
AERIAL. WIRE ROPE
TRAMWAYS SINGLE 5 DOUBLE
OPE SYSTEMS.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GENX MANAGER.
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
No. \ BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
m * ***
w
AND
OOAXu
^
I & Km, I 1..1
I
>» >
W W. S. WALLACE, SECRETARY. E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT.
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.

Comparative Railroad Tonnages.
The Pennsylvania railroad ships larger quantities
of coal than any English railroad, notwith­
standing coal and coke tonnage is the most im­
portant item in the business of many of the latter.
In 1903, out of a total tonnage of 161,490,851 tons,
the London & Northwestern carried 38,863,540
tons, the Midland 21,209,582 tons, the London &
Northwestern 19,152,000 tons, the Great Western
17.169,000 tons, and the North British 14,883,000
tons. The Pennsylvania road hauled more than
40,000,000 tons of coal and coke on its lines East
of Pittsburgh in 1903 and last year.
Great Britain's Coal Supply.
The report of the royal commission on the coal
supplies of the United Kingdom, issued January 25,
calculates the available resources of the proved
coal fields at 100,000,000,000 tons, which, at the
present increasing rate of output, will last about
450 years. The commissioners anticipate that,
owing to physical considerations, the rate of in­
crease will soon be slower and will be followed
by a period of stationary output, and then by a
gradual decline, which will prolong the duration
of the resources.
Growing Popularity of Box Car Loaders.
The use of box car loaders is increasing and
many operators who use them insist that by their
means coal may be shipped in sealed box cars and
the common complaint of shrinkage in transit
avoided. Since beginning the manufacture of
such a machine a comparatively short time ago the
Ottumwa Box Car Loader Co., of Ottumwa, Iowa,
has sold over 200 loaders and during the past
week entered orders as follows: Colfax Consoli­
/6 J. L. SPANGLER,
PRESIDENT.
£
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
dated Coal Co., Colfax, Iowa, two loaders; Souris
Coal Mining Co., Winnipeg, Manitoba, one loader;
Wheeling & Lake Erie Coal Mining Co., Cleve­
land. Ohio, one loader. The company also in­
stalled a loader recently for the International Coal
& Coke Co. at Coleman, Alberta. A recent im­
provement in the way of a car-pulling attachment
has increased the popularity of this loader since
by its means the man who operates the loader may
shift cars about tipple also.
Pennsylvania Railroad Shipments.
The shipments of coal and coke originating on
the lines of the Pennsylvania railroad East of
Pittsburgh and Erie, during 1903 and 190T, were
as follows:
Jos. H. REILLY,
'.'. PREST. k TREAS.
1904. 1903.
Anthracite coal 4,514,073 4.201,695
Bituminous coal 27,046,243 27,780,425
Coke 8,685,619 9,028.399
Total 40,245,935 41,010,519
Coal Desired For Canal Zone.
The Isthmian Canal commission has received a
requisition from the canal zone for 30,000 tons of
coal for use in connection with the construction
work and bids will be called for immediately.
Cj-p Colo At a bargain—Coal property shaft
• Ol OdlC. opening, fully equipped with
power and machinery for mining by electricity,
miners houses, railroad switch, excellent shipping
facilities, capacity 500 tons daily, close market for
output, water the entire year. For particulars,
Address, P Q. Box 245,
Wellsburg, W. Va.
c%
Jos. B. CAMPBELL,
SECRETARY.
Duncan=SpangIer Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
e- OFFICES: .
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
9/.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
J V
ARTHUR BROCK, President, Lebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburg, Pa.
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, Latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
..AND..
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUS
•T
SOI IH l-ORK, "ARQYLE" PENNSYLVANIA.
SMOKELESS
C O A V

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS. J ~
STINKMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS,
- OFFICES. j
PHILADELPHIA.
No. 1 Broadway,
NEW YORK.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OIT
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAT,,
AND
HORSESHOE COAL,
(MILLER VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, PA..
'i
%,\\\\,m,\\\.\\\.\.\.^^^^
QEOPQE I. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. \
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED
FricK Building,
| a, L T, eee counT - * ^ PITTSBURGH, PA. |
%/iiiiiiiiiiii)wii)»iiiiiii»iiwiiiiiiiinainiii»iiiiuiiiuiiiM^iiiuiiiuiiiiuuiiMiiiiiMuiiiiihuiiiiMUiiiiMiaiiinM»iiiiUiuiiiiiiini»iiiliiiiiiiiiiiillliiiiiiiilllllllllllliiillllii#
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: - GREENSBURG, PA.
, /

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
^AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAg
SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
* AND
1 CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
•4
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
FYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
fYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY'
!
STEAM COAL
and
CONNELLSVILLE COKE, K-
MINED AND SHIPPED BY THK
SAXMAN COAL & COKE COMPANY,
. . . LATROBE, PA. . . .
IV OCL_ J)
LatrobeConnellsville Goal&Coke Go.
LATROBE. PA..
i PRODUCES AND SHIPS '
STEAM COAL OF FINEST QUALITY
AND MANUFACTURERS
BEST CONNELLSVILLE COKE.

THE
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
\L C B
'POCAHONTAS
.SMOKELESS
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THK CRLEBHATBD C. C. I!. POCAHONTAS SMOKKLKSS COAL,
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, as the United States Geological Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
C. C. B. Pocahontas Smokeless
Is the only American Coal that has been Officially indorsed by the
Governments of (ireat Britain, Germany and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United States Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN & BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
POCAHONTAS
TRADE MARK MAIN REGISTERED OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 SO. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BRANCH OFFICES :
1 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY. OLD NEW COLONY YORK BUILDING. CHICAGO. III.
CITIZENS- BANK BUILDING, 126 NORFOLK. STATE VA. STREET. BOSTON. MASS.
EUROPEAN AGENTS ;
HULL, BLYTH &. COMPANY, 4 FENCHURCH AVENUE, LONDON, E. C. ENGLAND
NEAVE BUILDING, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
TERRY BUILDING, ROANOKE, VA.
LUHRIG
GOAL
MINES LARGE. NO SLACK. NO SLATE. NO CLINKER.
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
MINED ONLY BY
LONG DISTANCE PHONE
MAIN 3094.
THE LUHRIG FOURTH AND PLUM COAL STREETS, CINCINNATI, OHIO. CO.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
aL^^.0^*.iS^K ii
JAMES KERR, PRESIDENT. A. E. PATTON, TREASURER
§ Jjeecr) ^reek v^oal o ^oke V^o.
;. : .
No. 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PARDEE, PATTON. MOSHANNON AND ARGADIA GOALS.
OWNERS OF
Port Liberty Docks in New York Harbor.
Orders For Coal Should Be Forwarded To The
^ BEECH CREEK COAL & COKE CO., - - 17 BATTERY PLACE Ml V VORK CITY
f^^f^"^«?;a/g^^.Cji.'l ,.• -.„•.,:.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
C. M. UNDERHILL,
WESTERN AGENT FOR
THE SALE OF
THE
ANTHRACITE COAL
. OF
J. LANGDOISI & CO., INCORPORATED.
BITUMINOUS COAL A COKE.
FIDELITY BUILDING,
BUFFALO, • NEW YORK.
=•=•?.
5 HARRY OLMSTED, President. T. D. HUNTINGTON, Treasurer. F. Q. HA1TON, Secretary. J;
f MIDDLE STATES COAL CO. |
5 MINERS AND SHIPPERS %
I HOCKING, POCAHONTAS COAL AND COKE, KANAWHA j
I GAS, STEAM AND SMITHING COAL. !
5 MINES LOCATED ON S
5 Hocking Valley Ry. Norfolk & Western Ry. Zanesville & Western Ry. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. 5
! GENERAL OFFICES: I
§ THE HAYDEN BUILDING, - - - - COLUMBUS, OHIO, fc

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO
Empire Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
LOCATED OISJ MINES AT
C. & P. R. R„ B. & 0. R. R. and Ohio River. Bellaire, Ohio.
Communications should be sent to LOUIS F. NEWMAN, Manager, Pittsburgh, Pa.
« L
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRU AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
(T- *%
M. M. COCHRAN, President.
W. HARRY BROWN, Vice President.
JOHN H. WURTZ, Sec'y and Treas.
J. S. NEWMYER, General Manager.
WASHINGTON GOAL & COKE COMPANY,
GENERAL OFFICE, DAWSON, FAYETTE COUNTY, PA.
5,000 TONS, DAILY CAPACITY.
INDIVIDUAL CARS.
YOUGHIOGHENY
COAL,
STEAM, GAS, COKING.
CONNELLSVILLE
COKE,
FURNACE, FOUNDRY, CRUSHED.
SHIPMENTS VIA B. & O. R. R., AND P. & L. E. R. R. AND CONNECTIONS.
SALES OFFICE : PITTSBURGH, PA.
N. P. HYNDMAN, Sales Agent. H. R. HYNDMAN, Asst. Sales Agent.
V- J)
r\r
IA
IWM Vl V
*\
(INCORPORATED )
y/v/aWm
ifl
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. & L. E., ERIE, L. S. & M. S.
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
iA
f AC/
AJ

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
r
I
1
CLYDE COAL COMPANY,
MINERS ANDiSHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED CLYDE COAL.
SHIPMENTS BY RIVER STEAMERS
"CLYDE" AND "ELEANOR."
CLYDE,MINE, FREOER IC KTO WN , PA
DAILY CAPACITY OF MINES, 3,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
CONESTOGA BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL FHONE, 2517 COURT.
J. H. SANFORD, GENERAL MANAGER.
P. & A. PHONE, 2125 MAIN.
J

lohe
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., FEBRUARY 15, 1005. No. 6
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1904
A. It. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STEAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL THADK COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mall Matter.]
PRESIDENT MITCHELL ADVISE THE STRIK­
ING ALABAMA MINE WORKERS TO CON­
TINUE THE FIGHT, AND PLEDGES THEM
NATIONAL SUPPORT.
President Mitchell's survey of the Alabama
strike situation during his recent visit to
that territory resulted in a determination to
continue the struggle, a pledge o£ continued support
from the national organization and a complete
vindication of the actions and methods of
District President Fairley and his assistants who
have been conducting the strike. Despite all
previous announcements and reports, President
Mitchell in his address to the miners of the Birmingham
field declared that the strike "was fully
sanctioned by the national organization and officers,"
that it was "as just as any strike ever waged
by the mine workers," and that "its handling had
been as capable and skillful as that of any strike
in recent years." Mr. Mitchell reiterated his Indianapolis
arraignment of the judges of the federal
courts and urged the Alabama strikers to
defend their legal rights to the last extremity.
He begged them to hold firmly to their cause and
declared repeatedly that he believed they would
win. He held out no hope of an early victory but
assured the union mine workers that with the
support of the national organization, loyalty to
their cause and a firm determination not to return
to work until their demands had been granted that
it would be impossible for the contending operators
to hold out against them. He also advised
them to stand by the negro mine worker, declaring
that his cause was their cause and that
victory or defeat for one meant the same for the
other.
The effect of President Mitchell's visit to the
Alabama field has undoubtedly resulted in at
least a temporary strengthening of the strikers'
position. The disintegration process which was
beginning to be felt by the local organization has
been stopped and the men have taken on new
courage. The uncertainty as to the. moral support
of President Mitchell and the miners' organization
has been dispelled and the lack of confidence
manifested to a considerable degree in the
local leaders has been dissipated by the national
leader's unqualified approval of their work.
INDIVIDUAL CONTRACTS TO BE
REQUIRED BYJMORRIS RUN CO.
President John Magee. of the Morris Run Coal
Co., has addressed a letter to Secretary Wilson, of
the U. M. W., outlining the company's position
regarding mines at Morris Run, Pa. The communication
states that any proposition looking to
an agreement of contract with union miners, as a
body, will not be considered by the management;
that any person making application for employment
in the mines must do so as an individual,
and that the company reserves for itself the exclusive
privilege of determining whom it shall
employ and under what conditions. The Morris
Run mines have been idle since last March, when
the miners struck for 91 cents a ton for mining
coal. An effort was made to resume work in
December, when about 100 non-union workers were
brought to the mines, but before any headway
could be made an epidemic of smallpox broke out
in the town and the inhabitants were quarantined
for 30 days. Owing to the long idleness, the mines
have fallen into a state of disrepair which it
would take much time and money to remedy

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
should the company decide to reopen them. On
account of mining conditions the rate paid for
mining has always been from 20 to 28 cents per
ton more than is paid in any other soft coal field
in the state, so that with the growing competition
which is encountered and the high wages which
prevailed even before the men asked for more,
the limit of profitable operation had about been
reached.
STEEL CORPORATION MINING OPERATIONS
The United States Steel Corporation will thoroughly
exploit its ore and coal mines this year,
and will do more prospecting than ever before.
The recent appointment of Patrick Mullen, formerly
superintendent of the Buffington coke plant
in the lower Connellsville region, as general mine
inspector for the H. C. Frick Coke Co. and the
steel corporation, is the first step in a campaign
to acquire coal and ore lands. Last year the corporation
through the Frick company, acquired
control of a majority of coke ovens in the Connellsville
region, and bought about 30,000,000 tons
of iron ore in the Mesaba range. Before the year
ends the ownership of the Hill ore lands in the
Lake Superior region will probably pass to the
corporation while further acquisitions of coke
properties among them that of the Hecla company's
holdings, are now in process of negotiation.
LAKE PORT COAL RECEIPTS.
The following are the receipts of coal at the
various lake ports during 1904. the figures representing
short tons:
Bituminous. Anthracite.
Ashland 294,671 22,208
Chicago 64,688 960,930
Escanaba 332,721 30,131
Gladstone 240,000 16,593
Ft. William, Canada 493,471 45.000
Hancock & Houghton 425.956 54,185
Kewaunee 38,037 1,430
Ludington 5.877 989
Manistique 65.473 8.456
Marine City 52,516 274
Marquette 190.927 25,435
Menominee 33.014 6.206
Portage 9,369 6,041
Port Huron 82,455 5,515
Racine 55,245 57,925
Sault Ste. Marie 117.929 27,258
Sheboygan 274,985 140,964
Washburn 119,737 8,638
Milwaukee 1,847,679 864,655
Green Bay 237,972 96,799
Duluth 889,370 455,974
Two Harbors 161,859
Superior 2,274,758
All others 1,049,568
9.358,304
FOREIGN COAL TRADE STATISTICS.
620,702
150,571
3,608,871
The following tables show the coal imports and
exports of the United States during 1903 and 1904:
IMPORTS.
1903, Tons. 1904, Tons.
Anthracite 151,023 72,526
BITUMINOUS.
I'nited Kingdom 1,170,839 62,766
Other Europe 431 601
British North America 1,613,426 1,211,304
Mexico 5 221
Japan 61,466 45.429
Other Asia and Oceanica 448,193 235,069
Other countries 1,019 759
Total 3,295,379 1,556,149
EXPORTS.
ANTHRACITE.
France 6 ......
Germany 2
Italy 1 728
Other Europe 2 33
British North America 1,983.562 2,193.746
Mexico 815 789
Cuba 18,476 25,030
Other W. Ind. and Bermuda. 4.327 6,476
Other countries 1,666 1,590
Total 2,008,857 2,228,392
BITUMINOUS.
Belgium 1,807 2,531
France 6.914 10.948
Germany 5,501 3,578
Italy 49,219 69.202
Other Europe 21,737 57,334
British North America 4,552,301 4,384,208
Mexico 845,597 879,958
Cuba 421,283 494,197
Other W. Ind. and Bermuda. . 216,169 247,109
Other countries 182,713 196,061
Total 6,303,241 6.345,126
Total coal 8,312,098 8,573.518
Coke 416,385 523,100
Anthracite Production In January.
The anthracite coal production in Pennsylvania
for the month of January was 4,408,578 tons as
against 4,134,245 tons during the month of January,
1904.

THE ANNUAL STATEMENT OF
THE PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY.
The annual report of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
shows that after paying the regular dividend on
the preferred stock, together with the usual fixed
charges, a balance of over $150,000 was added to
the surplus. An important feature of the report
is a statement based on comparative appraisals,
that there was an unprecedented growth in the
value of the company's coal lands during 1904.
The following is President Francis L. Robbins'
address to the stockholders:
Notwithstanding a year of industrial depression
such as we have just experienced which curtailed
our tonnage and brought about a reduction in
the selling price of coal and coke, your officers are
able to report that during the year after maintaining
and improving the physical condition of
the company's properties and after paying all fixed
and other charges and dividends of $7 per share
on the preferred stock, there has been added to
surplus account $150,941.47. A considerable portion
of the earnings were the direct result of
economies in operation growing out of the policy
of your management in the past in building large
power plants to furnish power for groups of mines
and in introducing labor saving machinery and
devices, including electrical haulage in place of
animals, wherever practicable.
As in previous years a charge has been made
against operating expenses of five cents for each
ton of run-of-mine coal taken from the property—
this is equivalent to about $400 per acre. The
coal lands as well as the other real estate, improvements
and equipments of your company and
its subsidiary companies have always been and
are still carried at cost. It is somewhat singular
perhaps that in a year of industrial depression,
such as we have just passed through, there should
have been an unprecedented increase in values of
coal lands in the Pittsburgh district, and yet this
is the case. The values of the company's lands
to-day, measured by all recent purchases of lands
in the district, represent an increase in the intrinsic
value of your securities during the year
1904 several times greater than the earnings from
operations.
On November 1 a contract was closed, with the
approval of your directors, for the control and
operation of the seven mines of the Pittsburgh
Terminal Railroad & Coal Co., now owned by the
Wabash- Railroad Co. interests. By securing these
mines a connection was made with the Wabash
railroad system, which through its controlled
lines has just entered the Pittsburgh district, and
through which we will have another much needed
means of transportation for our product.
At the organization of your company it inher­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
ited an unwritten agreement, afterwards embodied
in five year contracts with two coal and ore handling
companies operating on the great lakes, under
which they have obtained large commissions in
the sale of about 1,000,000 tons annually of lake
coal. These'agreements, were terminated by limi'ation
at the close of lake navigation for the year
1904 and were not renewed because in the judgment
of your officers and directors it will be more
profitable to sell direct to consumers.
Although during the year many blast furnaces
and foundries were idle, greatly curtailing the consumption
of coke, the four hundred ovens of the
Colonial Coke Co., whose entire capital stock is
owned by your company, were in almost continuous
operation. This is one of the most complete
and economical coke making plants in the entire
coke region and its product is taking high rank
in the market. As conditions may warrant it will
be the policy of the management to further increase
the coke production by the building of
additional ovens and in this way get a return on
our large investment in coking coal lands.
In previous annual reports references have been
made to the inadequacy of railroad facilities for
marketing the product of your mines and coke
ovens, and the hope expressed that the expenditures
then being made by the railroad companies
would enable them to render more satisfactory
service, but during the greater portion of the last
half of the year your operations were seriously
interrupted by the lack of cars, or facilities for
transporting those that were provided.
To at least partially overcome this disadvantage
your directors have authorized the purchnse of
1,400 standard steel gondola cars for which a satisfactory
contract, on a ten-year car trust plan.
has been entered into, delivery of tbe cars to be
made during the coming spring. With those now
owned the company's pquipment will consist of
5.500 standard railway cars. The rai'roads in the
Pittsburgh district are also adding materially to
their car and locomotive equipment, which gives
encouragement for the proper handling of your
large future production.
The advantages of ownership and control of
docks at all the principal points on the great lakes.
and the strength of your company's organization
in the Northwestern territory supplied bv lake
shipments, have been more strikingly demonstrated
in the year under review than ever before.
It will be the policy of vour officers to further extend
and strengthen this important branch of the
company's organization.
Reference has been made in previous reports to
the work of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. Employes'
Association which was organized four years ago
for the purpose of helping the company's em-

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ployes to help themselves along the most practical
lines of profit sharing, insurance and pensions—
the latter feature as yet affecting only mine opera­
tives. Since the last annual report of your offi­
cers 234 employes have completed their payments
on contracts for the purchase of the compaiy's
preferred stock Ihrough the association, and have
received their stock 12,160) shares), their parti­
cipation in the association's earnings having cut
down the cost of the stock to them to $41.36 per
share. There are at this time 2.280 purchasers
of preferred stock through contracts with the asso­
ciation making monthly payments of $1.00 per
share on 17.222 shares. During the year there has
been distributed by the association for relief in
cases of accident and death among the mine operatives
$72,204.25, of which $13,056 was contributed
by the company. The pension fund accumulated
is $33,971.25. of which $14,129.76 has been con­
tributed by the company. In addition the general
expenses of the association have been paid
by the company. These figures, however, cannot
give an adequate idea of the great good that has
been accomplished by the employes association.
It has not only brought relief to hundreds of em­
ployes' families in need of help, but it has incul­
cated in many others habits of thrift which lead
to improved conditions and instil hope for the
future. A fine spirit of confidence in the company
and loyalty to its interests have been awak­
ened, the value of which cannot be measured;
these must, however, be great factors in the future
success of the company. It will be the policy of
the management to foster and encourage the work
of the association in every practical way.
The adjustment of the wage scale in the early
part of 1904 for two years ending April 1, 1906.
insures a satisfactory basis of wages between the
company and its employes for another year.
During the past summer and fall the coal lands
and mining plants of your company were inspected
and appraised by the eminent geologist and mining
engineer, Mr. Edward V. d'Invilliers, of Phila­
delphia, in which work he had the assistance of
Messrs. F. Z. Schellenberg and George S. Baton.
of Pittsburgh, and other mining and mechanical
engineers. During the same time also the company's
docks, railroads and railroad cars were in­
spected and appraised by the well known railway
expert. Mr. Emerson \V. Judd. of New York City.
assisted by J. V. Thompson, consulting engineer.
also of New York City. It is not practicable to
include in detail the comprehensive reports of
these appraisers and critics but in another part
of this report will lie found condensed certificates
covering the work.
Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell & Co.. chartered and
certified public accountants, of New York City,
have verified the balance sheet and statement of
earnings herewith submitted and their certificate
is attached.
Statement of earnings and balance sheet as at
December 31, 1904, follow. These include the earn­
ings, assets and liabilities of the main company
and all its subsidiary companies in which there
is complete or controlling ownership of stock
except the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal
& Coke Co.
EARNINGS.
FRANCIS L. ROBP.INS. President.
Profits incident to the mining and
marketing operations of the com­
pany after deduction of all ex­
penses 4.261,511.52
Less: Royalty allowance
for depletion. . .$ 603,939.90
Less: Addition to re­
newal fund 79,889.19 683,829.09
Less:
Net earnings $577,682.43
Interest on first mortgage
bonds $1,250,000.00
Preferred stock divi­
dends Nos. 17, 18,
19 and 20 2,176,740.96 $3,426,740.96
Undivided earnings for the year
1904 (appropriated for working
capital) $150,941.47
ASSETS.
Coal and surface acreage in Pitts­
burgh and Hocking Valley dis­
tricts, mine plants and equip­
ments, coke ovens, railways
owned and operated, railway cars,
car shops, brick plant, docks
and yards on the Great Lakes,
etc $81,532,386.49
Less—Royalty allow­
ance for depletion... 3,292,818.89 $78,239,567.60
Stocks of other companies 8,061,826.47
Merchandise—Coal on docks, and
supplies 4,938,720.16
Accounts and bills receivable 7,951,690.40
Cash—Current balances 1,169,327.27
For purchase of first
mortgage bonds un­
der sinking fund pro­
visions 1,202,818.92 2,372,146.19
$101,563,950.82

Capital stock:
LIABILITIES.
TO STOCKHOLDERS.
$4,608,604.72
Funds deposited with
Union Trust Co. of
Pittsburgh to retire
these obligations at
maturity 4,608,604.72
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
$101,563,950.82
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF TONNAGE AND NET
EARNINGS.
Net earnings year ending Dec. 31,
1901 $3,099,538.06
Net earnings year ending Dec. 31,
1902 4,706,587.12
Net earnings year ending Dec. 31,
1903 6,751,025.49
Net earnings year ending Dec. 31,
1904 3,577,682.43
Production in Tons.
Year 1902. Year 1903. Year 1904.
Pittsburgh Dist. 13,526,355 14,034,268 12,783,067
Hocking District 1,381,996 1,480,350 1,349,428
ooke 67,730 149,842 206,005
J. B. L. HORNBERGER, .. F. M. WALLACE,
Comptroller. Treasurer.
The following summary of values, together with
the accompanying statement, were submitted by
Mr. d'Invilliers, whose appraisement is referred
to in President Robbins' statement:
Coal lands, Pittsburgh district $59,087,152
Surface lands, Pittsburgh district 1,159,000
Mine plants and equipment, buildings,
dwellings, shops and equipment, telephone
lines and equipment, stores and
houses, Pittsburgh district 8,144,005
New Pittsburgh Coal Co. lands, mines
and equipment, Hocking Valley district,
Ohio 2,898,000
Preferred stock ...$32,000,000.00
Less in Treasury.. 2,576,300.00
$29, 423,700.00
Common stock 32,000,000.00
Less in Treasury.. 3,288,900.00
Renewal fund
28: 711,100.00
1 881,554.38
$71,288,157
Accrued dividends on preferred
"That the above figures are conservative will be
stock
686,550.00 more evident when I state that they represent a
Undivided earnings 3 ,887,725.10 coal area of approximately 160,000 acres in two
TO OTHER THAN STOCKHOLDERS.
of the best known and highly developed coal fields
First mortgage bonds $25 ,000,000.00 in the United States. It is not possible to dupli­
Bonds of subsidiary companies. ... 1 ,933,653.34 cate your holdings; they represent the best lauds
Car trust notes
112,625.65
in the Pittsburgh and Hocking Valley districts."
Accounts and bills payable 9 ,927,042.35 The certificates of Messrs. d'Invilliers and Judd
Notes issued in the purchase of
cover all of the physical properties owned by the
Monongahela River Consol. Coal
Pittsburgh Coal Co. and its subsidiary companies
& Coke Co. stock.:. .$3,000,000.00
in which there is complete or controlling owner­
Mortgages payable and
ship, (only the proper proportions of the property
interest 1,437,354.72
value being included in the cases in which owner­
Collateral
interest
bonds and
171,250.00
ship of stock is not complete) except that the
appraisals do not include any portion of the property
of the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal
& Coke Co., the earnings, assets and liabilities of
which are excluded from the Pittsburgh Coal Co.'s
consolidated balance sheet.
A reconciliation between the certificates of
Messrs. d'Invilliers, Judd, and Marwick, Mitchell
& Co. with the company's balance sheet at December
31, 1904, would be as follows:
Mr. d'Invilliers' appraisement of coal
lands, mine and shop equipments,
stores, houses, telephone lines, etc.$71,288,157.00
Mr. Judd's appraisement
of docks and
yards, railroads and
railroad cars 6,304,000.00
Stocks of other companies
at cost, and
net quick assets as
certified by Marwick,
Mitchell & Co 12,194,521.95
Certain car unloading
machinery at Cleveland,
Fairport and
Ashtabula, with pockets,
lighters, etc., not
appraised by either
Mr. d'Invilliers or Mr.
Judd—book value...
i, 786,678.95
476,227.00
-$90,262,905.95

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Against which there
are the following obligations:—
First mortgage bonds.$25,000.000.00
Less—Cash in Sinking
Fund for retirement
of the same—not included
in net quick
assets 1.202,818.92
23,797,181.08
Bonds of subsidiary
companies 1,933,653.34
Car trust notes
Preferred and common
112,625.65
stock at par 58,134,800.00
83.978,260.07
If revaluation of the
properties were made
on the company's
books on the basis of
expert appraisals, surplus
would be $6,284,645.88
Ancient Labor Unions.
In the ancient Graeco-Roman world the relations
of the unions, both state and municipal, were far
more intimate than any that now exist. In antiquity
the classes concerned themselves with but
three pursuits—arms, politics and jurisprudence.
Every other industry was regarded by them as
mean and contemptible—the fitting occupation of
the servile masses. The trade unions were practically
self-sustaining, self-employing institutions.
All land transport was conducted by the Carriers'
union, and all the teams and wagons were the
property of the organized group. If grain were
transported by water, unions saw it conveyed to
the Eternal City. There it was turned over to the
United Millers, from whom it found its way to the
United Bakers, who converted it into bread. And
so with every product of field or mine. The
mines belonged to the state, which let them to
the Miners' union. These turned over the ore to
the Smelters' union, whose business it was to
supply the various unions of workers in iron, copper,
brass and bronze. The Cobblers' union furnished
the Roman troops with shoes, while the
Sutlers' union clothed and perhaps victualled
them. The interdependence or close federation of
the ancient unions and the magnitude of their
undertakings are without parallel in modern times.
Indeed, but for Rome's insatiable rage for conquest,
and the enslavement of captives resulting
therefrom, there is little doubt that her labor
unions were on the highway toward a true cooperative
commonwealth.
JAPAN'S ADVANTAGE IN PRODUCTION.
An official report on the coal production of Russia
and Japan for 1903 has just been issued. In
Russia the output in the Rostov and Don districts
was estimated at 13,580,000 tons, but notwithstanding
this a large quantity of both British and German
coal was brought to Odessa and Kieff. The
Russian collieries, owing to the low price charged
for coals, are mostly non-dividend payers, and as
the output for this year is expected to exceed the
consumption, it is believed that the coal market
in Russia will be depressed, and return to an unsatisfactory
condition. A few thousand tons of
coal have been exported from Russia to Greece,
Roumania, Turkey and Marseilles, but the coals
apparently did not find much favor with buyers,
as, with the sole exception of Constantinople, no
further orders have followed. Japan, on the other
hand, in addition to providing coal for her own
use, was able to export 3.433,459 tons, mostly to
China, Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements.
The amount of coal which had been imported during
the same year was 120,345 tons and this, coming
from Great Britain, was probably the smokeless
Welsh steam coal. The returns, however,
show clearly that though Welsh steam coal may be
greatly desired by the Japanese admiralty, the warships
of the nation will not, under any circumstances,
be stopped for want of necessary fuel.
BRITISH COAL MINE ACCIDENTS.
During 1904 there were 1,012 fatal accidents in
the coal mines of the British Isles, causing the
deaths of 1,049 persons, a decrease in the number
of accidents of 23 and of the deaths, 24. The
causes of the fatalities were as follows:
Firedamp explosions 22
Falls 511
Shaft accidents 82
Explosives 28
Miscellaneous 266
Total underground or inside 909
Outside, or on surface 140
Total 1,049
Total, 1903 1,072
Decrease 23
Falls were, as usual, the most prevalent cause of
death, accounting for 48.7 per cent. In the miscellaneous
list, the chief cause of death was from
injury by mine cars or trams. Under the British
classification, coal mines include all mines of coal,
fire-clay, stratified iron ore and shale. The return
does not give the number of persons employed,
hence no averages can be calculated.

REPORT OF U. M. W. DELEGATES TO
INTERNATIONAL MINING CONGRESS.
(Continued from February 1)
In President Mitchell's article on "The Social
Democratic Party in Germany," which was a part
of the report made to the Indianapolis convention
by the delegates to the International Mining
Congress, he says:
"In many respects the Social Democratic party
is one of the most remarkable political organizations
in the world. In the rapidity of its growth,
in the effectiveness of its machinery, and in the
force and vividness of its appeal to various classes
in the community, it stands almost unrivalled
among political parties. In 1878 there were almost
500,000 Socialists, and in the number of its
adherents the party stood fourth or fifth among
the dozen or score of political bodies represented
in the Reichstag. At that time, the German government,
under the leadership of Bismarck, determined
to crush the organization by means of laws
rendering its further activity illegal. The result
was, of course, exactly what might have been expected
and exactly the opposite of that which was
intended. For a few years the Socialists were
confused, not knowing which way to turn, but
they soon regained confidence and the secret propaganda
which went on added rapidly to their numbers.
By 1890 the failure of the oppressive law
of 1878 was recognized and it was repealed. But
by that time the organization had nearly one and
a half million adherents, and in point of voters
was first among the German parties. Since then
the number of Socialist voters has steadily increased,
until at the present time about two and
one-half million men—or something less than onethird
of all German electors—vote this ticket.
"If the electoral districts of Germany were redistributed
every ten years according to the population,
either with or without gerrymandering, the
Socialists would hold at the present time something
like 110 or 120 out of a total of 397 seats.
As a matter of fact, there are only about one-half
this number of Socialists in the Reichstag. No
re-districting has taken place for over 30 years,
and the cities which are the strongholds of Socialism
are, at the present time, represented in the
German parliament on the basis of the population
which they had 30 years ago. Even as matters
stand, however, the Socialists hold one-seventh
of all the seats, and are the second largest party in
the Reichstag.
"The action of the Socialists, as of the trade
unionists in Germany, is very much hampered by
the law regulating public meetings. Permission to
hold a meeting must be obtained 24 hours in advance,
and the gathering is attended by a policeman
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
who sits next to the chairman, and has the right to
dissolve the meeting if in his judgment anything
occurs which does not conform to the letter of the
law. Boys under 17, and in certain parts of the
country, boys under 21, are not allowed to go to
public meetings of any sort.
"While the Socialists in Germany number over
two and a half millions, there are less than one
million trade unionists. 1 asked my German
friends why this was, and in the course of a long
explanation they gave me many reasons. In the
first place, the German workman seems to have
been accustomed for a longer time to political than
to industrial action, and the Socialistic party after
1890 had a long start upon the trade unions.
Moreover, where trade unionists are concerned
the ^3ppos,itJnn_af -the... g-reat iiulufc-tiiial ^sJaAefs .As
very much greater than where Social Democrats
are involved. There are men in Germany who are
perfectly satisfied to have every man in their employ
vote the Socialistic ticket, but will not tolerate
the weakest union in any part of their business.
The wages paid in many industries are so
low as to make unionism extremely difficult. The
textile workers find it impossible to get together
the few pennies necessary to create a labor organization.
As one of the Reichstag members
said, Union dues cost money, but the ballot is
free.'
"Many of the men who vote the Socialistic ticket
are subordinate officials and petty employes in
the postoffice, the telegraph, railroad and other
government departments, and these men dare not
belong to the trade union movement, neither can
they, of course, openly join the Socialistic movement
without fear of some sort of retribution.
Another large class of adherents is found among
the peasants. Many of the votes also come from
small shop keepers and tradesmen, and numbers
of what in Germany is called the lower middle
class. The appeal to the professional classes has
also been strong, and many lawyers and doctors
openly—and more secretly—support the movement.
Many of the people are not in sympathy with the
ultimate Socialistic ideals of the collective ownership
of the means of production, but they are
upon the whole, in sympathy with the immediate
demands on behalf of the workingmen; they are
heartily in favor of the agitation of the party in
defense of the rights of free speech and free assembly,
and with the assaults upon the abuses
which have flown from the spirit of militarism and
bureaucracy in Germany.
"The Socialistic party in Germany is thus not
only a movement which declares for the ultimate
and complete acquisition by the community of all
the means of production, but it is also a party with
a distinctive and present day working class policy.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Finally, it is a party which goes beyond the working
class itself and represents the struggle of the
liberal-minded and progressive Germans in their
antagonism to the feudal government which still
holds sway."
GERMAN MINE STRIKE IS
NEARING A CONCLUSION.
The strike of the German coal miners is practically
at an end, the strikers having resolved to
return to work and to depend on the government
to redress their alleged grievances. The result
is a complete victory for the operators and the
most crushing blow ever delivered to German
union labor. The measure in behalf of the miners,
now being prepared by the government, limits
the working day to nine hours in galleries where
the temperatures are about 70 degrees Fahrenheit,
including the time going in and coming out of the
mines. In temperatures of 84 degrees and higher
only a six-hour day is permitted. Within two or
three years the nine-hour day is to be shortened
to eight and a half hours. About nine-tenths of
the miners of Germany come within these provisions.
To disallow entire cars of coal because
of the presence of foreign substances is to be forbidden.
Fines may be assessed, but these must
not exceed $1 to $1.50 a month. Overtime is to
be paid for at the highest rate. Workmen's committees
shall be recognized by mine owners as
representing the men. Making the present condition
of the miners worse in any particular than
it is now is forbidden.
The bill touches upon only four of the fourteen
demands of the miners and is said to be unsatisfactory
to the latter. The men began going back
to work on February 6 and within a week about
150,000 had reported for duty, leaving less than
100,000 out.
On the day on which the German miners decided
to abandon the strike, the Belgian miners'
congress voted for a general strike. On February
1 there were strikes in the Hainault Liege Basin
and Central Belgian collieries, involving about
15,000 men. Following the general strike order
work was suspended at eight of the Charleroi collieries
and there was a partial strike at thirteen
others. Work proceeded as usual at twelve collieries.
GROWTH OF ILLINOIS COAL OUTPUT.
In a paper read before the Western Society of
Engineers at its meeting of February 1, on "The
Necessity for a Geological Survey of Illinois,"
A. Bement calls attention to the inadequacy of
existing reports on the geology of the state and
to the desirability of more definite information,
especially as to the location and extent of coal
veins. The following table, showing the tons of
coal produced per annum, by decades, almost from
the infancy of coal mining in the state, is given
to illustrate the increasing value of the state's
mineral deposits:
1860 728,400 1890 12,638,364
1S70 2,624,163 1900 25,153,929
1880 6,000,000
The writer adds: "For the present year ending
June next the output will be approximately 38,-
800,000 tons, valued to the consumer at not less
than $78,000,000 and furnishing about 36,000,000
tons of freight per annum for railroads; or, assuming
an average haul of 100 miles, 3,600,000,000 tonmiles
of freight. In 50 years, at the same rate of
increase, Illinois coal production will be 240,000,-
000 tons per annum."
"LONG WALL" OPERATORS ORGANIZE.
The formal organization of the Long Wall Coal
Mine Operators' Association was effected at Kansas
City on February 1. Forty operators were in'
attendance, representing thirty companies, with
a production of 1,200,000 tons annually. These
officers were elected:
President, F. B. Duvall, Lexington, Mo.; vicepresident,
I. Pickering, Richmond, Mo.; secretary
and treasurer, George W. Kierstead, Leavenworth,
Kan.; executive committee, Captain M. L. Belt,
Higginsville; John Gibson, Richmond. Two
places on the executive committee were left vacant,
to be filled at a later meeting.
The organization is expected to take in all of
the "long wall" operators in Kansas and Missouri.
the only restriction being that they shall be members
of the Southwestern Interstate Coal Operators'
Association operating "long wall" mines. The
new organization binds itself to do nothing in contravention
to the constitution or contracts of the
Southwestern Association, and will accordingly
join in the meeting with the United Mine Workers
at Indianapolis next January which has been
agreed upon by that association.
The association is to a considerable extent a
Kansas City organization, as Kansas City is the
centre of the "long wall" district, and all of the
operators look to that city as their natural market.
It is expected that the organization of these interests
will also be of direct advantage to Kansas
City in case of a coal famine, such as has been
threatened for several days this week. All of the
mines represented are so close to Kansas city that
they can mine the coal one day and have it in
Kansas City the next and an appeal to the organization
would bring much quicker results in that
line than could be obtained from individual operators.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
The two large compressors in machinery hall, city's air lift water supply system. The first
which furnished all the compressed air used at the the Cincinnati valve gear, the opening and closing
Louisiana purchase exposition, were both sold of the admission and the closing of the exhaust
before the closing day. The larger one goes to being controlled, mechanically, while the opening
shaft No. 3 of the Doo Run Lead Co., at Central, of the exhaust is determined by poppet valves,
Mo., and the smaller one to Columbia, Mo., for the thus permitting high speed without the throttling
machine received the only grand prize awarded at of the air and wear and rattling of the valves.
tne exposition to air compressors. It has a capa- The smaller machine is fitted with mechanicallycity
of 1,300 cubic feet of free air when running moved inlet valves and is rated at a displacement
at 125 revolutions, and is distinguished by several of 500 cubic feet per minute. Both machines were
novel features, the most important of which is built by the Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Co.
Bessemer Coal (TS, Coke Company.
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Bessemer Coal & Coke Co. was held in Pittsburgh
on February 7. The following directors were
elected: C. J. Brokenshine, Cleveland; George H.
Love, Johnstown; J. C. Trask, Cleveland; E. M.
Love, Somerset; J. W. Wood, Cleveland; Dr. J. C.
Lange, L. F. Demmler' and William Steinmeyer.
Pittsburgh; Col. J. R. Branch. New York; E. H.
Baker, Cleveland, and Wilfred Johnson. New York.
The officers were re-elected as follows: C. J. Brokenshine,
president; George H. Love, vice-president;
J. C. Trask, treasurer; E. M. Love, secretary,
and J. W. Wood, general manager. It was
decided to remove the headquarters of the company
from Cleveland to Pittsburgh and a commit­
tee was appointed to secure suitable offices. The
mines of the company are located near Pittsburgh.
Their output is to be materially increased in the
near future.
Branch Offices For Civic Federation.
Branch offices of the Civic Federation are to be
established at Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Chicago,
Cincinnati. Denver, New Orleans and San Francisco.
Secretaries will be elected whose duties it
will be to make investigations of all labor difficulties
in their districts and make prompt reports to
the principal office of the organization in New
York. The details of the opening of the branch
offices will be completed at a meeting to be held
in New York early in March.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE INDUSTRIAL TOWNS OF HOSTETTER AND WHITNEY
Considerable attention has been directed recently
to Hostetter and Whitney, the two towns
which have grown up around the plants of the
Hostetter-Connellsville Coke Co., near Latrobe, Pa.
While in no sense social experiments or "model"
towns, the care that has surrounded their growth
and development has resulted in making them
ideal industrial communities. The general fea-
tures of the two towns are practically the same
as others of the kind. The company houses, numbering
about 120 in each, are of the usual type,
except, possibly, that their construction is somewhat
better than the average. The population is
of the usual mixed order and the usual social and
convivial habits of such communities are not lack-
ing. There is, however, a vast moral and physical
difference between these towns and other industrial
communities. Both were laid out on approved
scientific lines, with wide streets and
plenty of ground room for the dwellings, which
are double. Shade trees adorn the streets, good
schools and churches have been provided, the
town has its own mountain water supply, and
with low rents, cheap fuel, reasonable prices for
the commodities and steady work, there is every
reason for the inhabitants to be satisfied. The
advantages thus provided have inculcated a spirit
of civic pride among the dwellers, and industry
and progress are watchwords with them. Lack
of cleanliness, habitual idleness and intemperance,

and other things inimical to good citizenship, are
strongly discouraged. George I. Whitney, of Pittsburgh,
for whom one of the towns is named, has
aided personally in bringing it to its present high
standard. In this he has been materially aided
by General Superintendent John R. Marshall,
Chief Engineer N. A. Barnhart and Charles R.
McDonald, the chief of the company's office force,
which has its headquarters at Whitney. The
accompanying pictures, which are reproduced
through the courtesy of the Pittsburgh Gazette,
were taken at Whitney. They show the general
types of employes and officers' homes, the Union
Protestant church and one of the "old retainers"
of the company.
BRITISH COAL EXPORTS.
The British coal exports for 1903 and 1904 are
as follows:
1903, Tons. 1904, Tons.
Russia ., 2,442,478 2,620,456
Sweden 3,077,005 3,229,965
Norway 1,384,539 1,421,749
Denmark 2,207,100 2,366,786
Germany 6,110,101 6,410,991
Holland 741,034 1,057,851
Belgium 587,535 621,600
France 6,976,467 6,757,356
Portugal, Azores & Madeira 941,798 883,057
Spain and Canaries 2,371,037 2,464,274
Italy 6,278,333 6,328,546
Greece 435,122 454,500
Turkey 408,183 457,678
Egypt 2,131,321 2,238,421
Algeria 633,765 475,614
United States 1,142,603 109,094
Chile 286,735 407,528
Brazil 900,605 965,462
Uruguay 584,413 405,318
Argentine Republic 1,120,178 1,428,165
Gibraltar 269,656 343,626
Malta 394,685 559,881
British South Africa 568,574 417,662
British East Indies 479,553 636,724
Other countries 2,477,187 3,194,243
SORTS.
Anthracite 1,254,445 1,315,735
Steam 34,216,791 35,262,502
Gas 6,402,029 6,651,739
Household 1,498,828 1,469,503
Other sorts 1,577,964 1,556,068
Coke 717,477 756,949
Patent fuel 955,166 1,237,784
Total 46,622,700 48,250,280
Coal, etc., shipped for the
use of steamers engaged
in the foreign trade 16,799,848 17,190,900
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
MINE ACCIDENTS IN ILLINOIS.
Mine accidents in Illinois during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1904, as shown by the preliminary
report of the labor commissioner of that state,
non-fatal accidents, including only those in which
men were disabled from working for a month or
more, were as follows:
1903. 1904. Changes.
Fatal accidents 156 157 I. 1
Non-fatal 410 507 I. 97
Total casualties 566 664 I. 98
Deaths per 1,000 employes. . . 3.13 2.87 D.0.26
Injuries per 1,000 employes.. 8.23 9.26 1.1.03
Total 11.36 12.13 1.0.77
Of the fatal accidents there were 148 underground
and nine on the surface, showing averages
of 3.00 and 1.64 per 1,000 employes respectively.
The number of men employed in the coal mines
of the state at 54,774 during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1904. Of this number, 37,987 were
classed as miners; 9,812 as other employes underground;
1,562 as boys, and 5,413 as surface men.
ihe entire number working underground was
49,3.61, or 90.1 per cent, of the total; the surface
labor numbering 5,413, or 9.9 per cent. The total
number of men reported in 1903 was 49,814, or
4,960 less than in 1904.
To Make Rules For Mine Managers.
A convention of the mine managers of the bituminous
coal field has been called to open in
Springfield, 111., February 23. The object of the
convention is to draw up a series of rules governing
the duties of mine managers in the various
sections of the bituminous coal mining area based
on the legislative enactments governing their calling.
Mine managers claim that in case of a mine
explosion or other unusual accident they are made
scapegoats and are held responsible until the coroner's
jury, in case of fatalities, renders its verdict.
Each delegate to the coming convention is
expected to represent seven members of the Mine
Managers' Association. William Scaife, the present
secretary of the executive board of the association,
has retired to engage in other business and
his successor is to be elected at the coming meeting.
The largest cargo of coal ever sent to the Philippines
was taken out of Baltimore recently by the
steamship Maine. It was 9,500 tons of George's
Creek coal, supplied by the Consolidation Coal Co.
of Baltimore. The cargo is destined for the naval
station at Cavite, near Manila.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
.......
The continuance of extremely severe winter
weather accompanied in many sections by violent
storms has served to cause great disturbance in
the coal market. In the West and Southwest
there have been coal famines at many points,
owing to surplus stocks being wiped out before
they could be reinforced. The demand became
very active at Chicago and St. Louis but no suffering
was occasioned at either place owing to
very large stocks on hands and rather better transportation
facilities than were enjoyed elsewhere.
At Kansas City, however, and at many points in
Missouri, Kansas, Iowa and Nebraska the domestic
demand could not be satisfied. The same conditions
prevailed throughout the Northwest, continuing
for a week or ten days. Considerable
activity is reported from the South to which the
cold weather extended. Some mines were unable
to operate but the supply has been fairly equal to
the demand. In the West Virginia field the old
drawbacks, inefficient car supply and transportation
facilities, intensified by weather conditions,
have acted as a check on production and there has
been a curtailment of output. Trade at Cleveland
and in the lower lake region has been stimulated
slightly by the cold weather but the reserve
stocks have been found fully equal to the increased
demand. A marked decrease in the demand
for steam sizes is noted. Famine conditions
were threatened for several days in the
Pittsburgh district owing to the local rivers being
closed by ice. The railroads were also hampered
by the weather and as a result of the combined
influences a number of mines were idle for varying
periods. There is no change in the price quotations,
the basis remaining at $1.05 for run-of
mine.
The coke market is easy under a somewhat better
car suppply and continued heavy production.
The output has about reached the limit and is
some 25,000 tons per week beyond the haulage
capacity of the railroads. The upper and lower
Connellsville fields combined are shipping from
275,000 to 300,000 tons per week. Foundry coke
is very scarce as a result of the curtailment of its
production due to the attractive prices obtainable
for furnace coke. The quotations range from
$3.00 to $3.50. Spot furnace is quoted at $2.60
to $2.65 and for future delivery at $2.30 to $2.35.
The Eastern seaboard bituminous trade is practically
at a standstill on account of the further
drawbacks from which the railroads have been
suffering. Supplies are being rapidly exhausted
and dealers in many instances are barely able to
take care of their contracts. The market is a
speculative one, dependent upon the daily needs
of customers, and until weather conditions change
there is no likelihood of relief. Trade in the far
East is demanding a considerable amount of coal,
but vessels are practically unavailable for Eastern
shipments. The same is true of coastwise
trade. Such vessels as are in the ice in Delaware
or Chesapeake bay, are reported practically helpless.
Norfolk and Newport News shipments are
being delayed on account of slow transportation
over their feeding roads. Little coal is available
in New York harbor. Embargoes are placed on
shipments to one or two of the New l ork harbor
points. Port Reading being entirely, and others
partially closed. Trade along the sound is further
embarrassed by the inability to obtain proper
handling at terminal points. Where the demand
is sharp and the supply restricted advances in
price are noted. Throughout the entire East
transportation is slow and the car supply is only
about one-fourth of what is required.
' Conditions similar to those prevailing in the
bituminous trade are governing the anthracite
market. The Western demand has been increased
largely, particularly at Chicago where it has
eclipsed the increased call for soft coal. In the
East, lack of railroad and delivery facilities are
giving dealers much anxiety. The railroads have
been getting considerable shipments to tidewater
in a rather spasmodic way, as weather conditions
permitted, but to ferry the coal across to Manhattan
or Long Island, or to ship it towards the
sound ports is where the difficulty lies. Trips up
the sound are taking more than twice their customary
time. Similar difficulties are encountered at
Philadelphia, Boston and Baltimore. Street traffic
conditions are also very bad, and stocks in the
cellars are being so heavily drawn upon that a
brisk trade may be expected as soon as deliveries
are facilitated.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
the tone of the British coal market somewhat
easier for best qualities. Quotations are as
follows: Best Welsh steam coal, $3.66; seconds.
$3.48; thirds. $3.4*2; dry coals, $3.36; best Monmouthshire,
$3.30; seconds. $3.12; best small steam
coal, $2.40; seconds. $2.16; other sorts, $1.92.

COMPRESSED AIR PLANT OF THE
ST. LOUIS TERMINAL STATION.
The compressed air power plant at the Union
terminal station at St. Louis is of note not only
from the care with which every detail of installation
has been worked out, but also because of the
diversity and extent of the applications of the
air power. It is a first-class example of the
central compressed air power plant—the fruit of
the present tendency towards centralization of
power.
The compressing plant proper is in the main
power house of the terminal and consists of two
duplex, steam-driven, two-stage air compressors,
built by the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill co., of New
York. The type is that known by the makers as
Class "GC". The power of each compressor is
about 350 H. P., and at the rated speed of 100
R. P. M., the free air capacity of each unit is
2,180 cubic feet per minute. The steam pressure
applied is 150 lbs. and air is delivered to the
center of distribution at a pressure of 85 lbs. The
steam cylinders of the compressors are 18 inches
in diameter; air cylinders 32Vi and 20Vi inches in
diameter; the stroke is 24 inches. The machines
run non-condensing and a distinctive feature is
the piston inlet valve which is applied on both
high and low pressure air cylinders.
Cool air is led to the compressors from outside
the engine room through a supply conduit and the
air discharged is delivered to twin receivers in
a cooling house, or tower, outside the main build­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
ing. The air from these primary receivers passes
through a system of secondary receivers, headers
and cooling tubes, which reduces the temperature
to that of the outside air and condenses all moisture,
which collects in the receivers and is removed
through drain cocks. The perfection of the cooling
and drying process will be appreciated when
it is stated that only once or twice in the most
extreme weather has it been necessary to inject
alcohol into the air pipes to prevent freezing of
the delicate valve mechanisms of the switch and
signal system.
The applications of the air power are those
common to all railway, shop and yard service.
From the cooling house, which is the center of
distribution, five main-pipe lines radiate. The
distances to which power is transmitted range
from 1,800 to 5,000 feet, five distinct yards being
served from this central plant.
Among the applications of the air may be mentioned
the following: pneumatic tools, hoists and
jacks in the various shops and yards; charging
the brake reservoirs of stationary trains; cleaning
cars and car fittings; pneumatic dispatch tube
systems; the operation of air engines for a variety
of purposes, among them direct connected
generating sets supplying current for the electric
signal system; "Shone" ejectors, or displacement
pumps, handling the seepage water in the terminal
subway; direct-acting bilge pumps in the
accumulator pit of the hydraulic elevator system;
and, most important of all, a pneumatic switch

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and signal system controlling the train move­
ments of the entire terminal organization.
The electro-pneumatic switch and signal system
was installed by the Union Switch & Signal Co.
and its extent and importance will be realized
when it is stated that during the Exposition
traffic the number of trains handled per day in
the St. Louis terminal averaged between 500 and
550. aggregating 2.001) to 2,500 cars. This does
not include a portion of the freight service which
passes over the terminal trackage. At the main
terminal station alone the total number of signals
is 284, the number of switches 157 and the number
of bridges 20. In addition there are in the Four­
teenth street. Twenty-third street and Grand avenue
yards probably an equal number of switch
and signal appliances. Under the most severe
service which arose during the exposition this
system of train control operated with perfect
success. The entire installation is a splendid
example of pneumatic engineering and shows the
importance of compressed air in transportation
problems, and its perfect reliability when applied
along approved lines of practice.
COAL DEALERS SEEK LEGISLATION.
The Coal Dealers Association of Oklahoma held
their semi-annual meeting at Guthrie on Febuary
1, at which the question of coal legislation was
taken up. A legislative committee composed of
A. M. Debolt, chairman, of Oklahoma City; N. F.
Cheadle and J. B. Fairfield of Guthrie, was se­
lected to formulate and work for the passage of
a measure providing for destination weights for
the retail dealers, or in other words, requiring the
railroad companies to deliver to the coal dealer
the exact amount of coal receipted for at the
mines by the railroads. The retail dealers find
it necessary to ask for some legislation along this
line, from the great amount of shortage each
year, from the coal being stolen from the open
cars. One retail dealer says this shortage
amounts on an average to over 4,000 pounds per
car..
Pittsburgh Coal Directorate Changed.
The annual meeting of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
was held in Jersey City on February 10. A change
in the directorate was made by the retirement
of John D. Nicholson, of Pittsburgh; Peter M.
Hitchcock, of Cleveland, and N. H. Taylor, of
Erie. Four new directors were elected, one of
them to the vacancy which existed in the board
throughout last year. They are Calvary Morris.
of Cleveland; S. M. Wallace, the treasurer of the
company; Henry B. Rea and Judge Elliott Rodg­
ers, of Pittsburgh.
LONG WALL BRUSHINGS.
A Southern college professor has announced that
there is enough coal in the Cumberland plateau
in Tennessee to supply the world for 100,000 years.
This is evidently another insidious plot to "bear"
tne coal market, but if it is merely intended to
soothe those who spend their lives worrying over
the increased consumption of coal, a little of the
dope that produced the idea would insure its
effectiveness.
— o —
Down in Roswell, N. M., geological sharps are
disputing over the identity of an alleged prehistoric
animal found imbedded in a lump of coal.
It resembles a house cat. has black and white fur
and a black tail. There are several hundred thousand
Northern school boys who have never studied
geology but can identify a skunk without any
further description than that given.
— o —
The British press waxed facetious over the mis­
haps of the merchantmen of other nations when
they were caught trying to run the gauntlet at
Port Arthur, but now that British colliers are
being tripped up regularly while trying to put
contraband coal into Vladivostock, their wrath is
aroused. It makes a difference whose ox, etc.
— o —
Mine working rules prohibiting the use of cigarettes
by employes are often ridiculed and those
who make and enforce them are pronounced martinets,
but it was the stub of a cigarette which
caused the recent mine fire at Decatur, 111., in
which six lives were lost, several more endangered
and considerable property destroyed.
— o —
Blizzard weather is universally regarded as the
coal man's harvest time, but few stop to think
that he is frequently obliged to employ four or
five horses to handle a one-horse load. From the
tone of much of the daily comment it is to be inferred
that the extra horses are needed to haul the
profits home.
The readiness with which some people are ad­
vocating a reciprocity agreement with Canada.
regarding the exportation and importation of coal,
is another instance of the willingness of most
people to accept benefits regardless of who should­
ers the expense so long as it is not themselves.
— o —
William A. Thompson, an independent candi­
date for mayor of Reading, Pa., was arrested while
stealing two bags of coal. From politics to prison!
But others have gone and more will go the same
way.

UNION PACIFIC COAL COMPANY.
A saving in railroad haul of 100 miles, an increase
in coal output of at least 50 per cent, and
an additional employment of thousands of coal
miners is to be the result of this year's Union
Pacific improvements in its great Southwestern
Wyoming coal fields. The coal operating supply
of the Southern Pacific and Central Pacific railroads
is henceforth to chiefly come from the Wyoming
fields of the Inion Pacific Coal Co. and production
of the Wyoming mines of the company,
and their transportation equipments and facilities
are to be increased accordingly. Features of this
increased development are the abandoning of the
present practically worked-out coal deposit at
Spring Valley and the full exploiting of new coal
fields lying between Spring Valley and Timberland.
In addition to the above, the Union Pacific will
take hold of the now practically idle coal fields at
Alma, near Evanston. These fields, once operated
heavily by the Southern Pacific, are now controlled
by the Rocky Mountain Coal & Iron Co.,
from which company the Union Pacific will either
lease or purchase. Connecting lines of railroad
will be built to shorten the Southern haul and
employment will be furnished to 5,000 more men.
COMMENDATION FOR COAL MEN.
Complimentary notices of the doings of coal
men are so rare in the daily press that the following,
written by an Albany editor, seems worthy
of reproduction, even if only as a literary curiosity:
"That 'there is a trick in every trade' is as true
as that there are honest men in every trade to
catch the trickster, or vice-versa. The establishment
of the public weighing scales in this city at
the request of the Coal Merchants' Association of
Albany may, perhaps, be treated lightly by the
ready paragrapher. His brother of the comicweekly
has considered the coal dealer and the ice
man legitimate prey when the winter and summer
seasons, respectively, require ready jests and appropriate
humor. We are now in the midst of
the season when the backing of the coal cart to
our cellar door is a most welcome sight, for
while an old friend of ours fooled the coalman by
heating the house with steam, his scheme has not
been taken up very extensively.
"The action of the honest dealers of the city in
urging the mayor to designate the public scales
is worthy of the commendation of every householder.
Albany dealers are among the few of the
first and second-class cities that have insisted
upon the protection of the purchaser. Under the
present system of buying from the coal mining and
carrying companies, each and every dealer has
about the same opportunity as regards price. In
IHE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
selling one cannot undersell another to any extent
unless he is content with a very low margin
of profit. The provisions of the law show its fairness
and the disinterested stand of the dealers.
The only benefit to them is that it prevents unfair
competition. They are willing and anxious to
be subjected to delay in delivering of coal in order
that they and their customers shall hav^ proper
protection against the dishonest man who makes
a false price and delivers a short ton to make up
the difference. The Coal Merchants' Association
of Albany is to be complimented upon the stand
it has taken."
•••« PERSONAL. *•"«(
Mr. Alexander Cuninghame has resigned as general
manager of the Luhrig Coal Co., of Cincinnati,
and will take an active part in the management
of the Consolidated Coal Co., of Spadra, Ark.,
having recently been elected vice-president of that
corporation. He will retain the presidency of the
Luhrig company, but his nephew, Mr. John Cuninghame,
who succeeded him as general manager,
will direct the company's affairs.
Air. H. B. Voorhees, who was for some time
identified with the Baltimore & Ohio interests at
Pittsburgh and wdio several months ago was made
assistant to the general superintendent of transportation,
has been made superintendent and general
agent of the Philadelphia division of the
B. & O. Mr. Voorhees is a son of First Vice-President
Theodore Voorhees of the Reading.
Mr. W. J. Mollison, inspector of the Eleventh
bituminous district of Pennsylvania, has resigned
to accept a position as inspector of mines for the
H. C. Frick Coke Co. He has been assigned to
the Yough region division of the company's mines
which is one of the most important districts in
the Connellsville region.
Messrs. Miles White and William A. Moale have
been elected directors of the George's Creek Coal
& Iron Co., the former succeeding his father, the
late Francis White, and Mr. Moale taking the place
of the late Samuel P. Townsend.
It is announced that Mr. R. R. Hammond, who
recently resigned the second vice-presidency of the
Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad to become an
official of the new Dering Coal Co., is to become
the president and general manager of the latter
company.
Mr. E. Kelly Rothstein has succeeded Mr. George
P. Spates as the Baltimore manager of the Davis
Coal & Coke Co.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE EAST BOSTON TUNNEL.
The recent opening of the East Boston tunnel,
connecting Boston and East Boston by a rapid
transit line, marked the completion of the great
Boston subway system. The tunnel is approximately
7,500 feet long and passes under Boston
harbor. Two-thirds of its construction vvas by
the shield method. The work on this portion
was divided into two sections, the first of which
was 4,400 feet long. It was driven by the pneumatic
shield method, almost the entire distance
being made under air pressure. The air locks
were three in number; the one near the top of
the tunnel section being used almost exclusively
by the men, the two lower ones giving exit to the
excavated material. The side walls of the tunnel
were built in advance of the shield in lateral headings.
The roof shield, a heavy structure of steel
work, was forced forward by powerful hydraulic
jacks, being supported on rollers resting on plates
on the walls. The air pressure required averaged
about 22 pounds; the maximum was sometimes
as high as 27 pounds. The volume of free air
delivered to the headings averaged about 20 cubic
feet per minute for each workman and it was
forced into both side drifts and above the shield,
as well as in front of it. The compressing plant
for this section included three Ingersoll-Sergeant
air compressors; two low-pressure straight-line
single-stage class "A" machines furnishing air
for the working chamber in the shield; and one
high-pressure straight-line two-stage class "AC"
machine delivering air at a pressure of about 115
pounds.
The method of tunneling the second section, 750
feet long, was in general that used in the first
section. The shield was manipulated in the same
manner. Three air locks gave access to the working
chambers. The air pressure in front of the
shield averaged about 18 pounds. The compressed
air for this section was supplied by four
Ingersoll-Sergeant steam-driven air compressors.
The total cost of the tunnel slightly exceeded
$3,000,000. The work was completed in the contemplated
time, about five years, and the methods
of construction were in every way satisfactory.
New Officers of Alabama Consolidated.
The new owners of control of the Alabama Consolidated
Coal & Iron Co. have moved the headquarters
from Baltimore to New York and have
elected the following board of directors: T. G.
Bush, J. H. Hoadley, William Hoagland, Richard
H. Edmonds, Erskine Hewitt, Atwood Violett, William
C. Seldon, I. G. Boissevain and Edward K.
Hill. T. G. Bush has been elected president, J. H.
Hoadley vice-president and William Hoagland
treasurer.
M RETAIL TRADE NOTES. j*j
The Lake Village Ice & Coal Co. has been organized
at Lake Village, N. Y., with a capital of
$35,000 by Jefferson Hicks, W. G. Street, R. D.
Chotard and W. M. Rankin.
*
A jury at Norristown, Pa., awarded $1,200 damages
to J. J. Nocton, a coal dealer, as the result
of the closing of an alleyway leading to his yard.
The board of aldermen of Milwaukee, Wis., is
considering the advisability of appropriating
$100,000 for a municipal coal yard.
*
A. G. Trickett & Son have purchased the coal
and lumber business of Van Doren Bros, at Bird
City. Kan.
*
Richard Armstrong has purchased a yard at
Terre Haute, Ind., and will enter the retail coal
trade.
*
Harman & Evans have succeeded to the fuel
business of George Jones, at Colorado City, Col.
Twyman Bros, have purchased the coal and feed
business of S. R. Rice, at Independence, Mo.
Shackelford & Dickey, coal and ice dealers of
Omaha, Neb., have sold their ice business.
*
N. Ogden has sold his coal and grain business
at Le Mars, la., to B. C. Ragen.
*
C. W. Hull & Co., of Omaha, are negotiating for
a site for a large coal yard.
The Eureka Fuel Press Mfg. Co. has been incorporated
at Bartlesville, I. T.
*
J. Price has sold his coal and wood business at
Pullman, Wash., to Klossmer & Myers.
CONNELLSVILLE COKE PRODUCTION.
The production of Connellsville coke in 1904 is
estimated at 11,000,000 tons, with an average price
at the furnace of $2.15 per ton. The high record
in production in the Connellsville region was in
1902, when the total was 14,138,740 tons. For the
last five years, with 1904 estimated, the production
and average price compares as follows:
Tons. Av. Price.
1904 11,000,000 $2.15
1903 13,345,230 3.00
1902 14,138,740 2.37
1901 12,609,949 1.95
1900 10,166,234 2.70

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Attorney Wales Files An Appeal.
Attorney A. D. Wales, who has brought an action
against John Mitchell, president of the United
Mine Workers of America, for $200,000, alleging
to have furnished a plan for settling the anthracite
coal strike, has served upon John J. Irving,
of Binghamton, N. Y., attorney for Mitchell, an
order notifying him that he has taken an appeal
from the order of Justice Lyon which requires
that a bill of particulars must be filed with Attorney
Irving. The bill of particulars which was
ordered by the court was to contain the plan
which Wales asserted that he furnished to Mr.
Mitchell and on account of which the strike was
settled. The bill was also to contain the names
of the persons present when Mitchell engaged
Wales to furnish the plan.
Revoked Engineer's License.
The license of H. W. Allis, who was engineer
on the Monongahela Consolidated Coal & Coke
Co.'s steamer, Defender, at the time she was
blown up in the Ohio river at Huntington several
weeks ago, by which nine lives were lost, has
been revoked by the government inspectors. Edwin
F. Maddy and Edward Morgan, boiler inspectors
of Gallipolis, O., who examined the wreck,
placed the blame upon Engineer Allis. It is announced
that the inspectors found the fuse plugs
had burned out of the boiler, which would indicate
that the boilers had run dry. The full text
of the inspectors' report has been forwarded to
Maj. S. R. Crumbaugh, supervising inspector of
the Seventh district. Engineer Allis may appeal
from the decision of the inspectors to Major Crumbaugh
and may appeal from his decision to the
inspector general, George H. Uhler of Washington,
D. C. Unless he appeals and the appeal is
sustained he cannot engage again as a river engineer
until the term of his license expires.
Lake Vessels Sold For Ocean Coal Trade.
The Pittsburgh Steamship Co. has sold four of
its whaleback steamers and eight whaleback
barges. Theey were purchased by Capt. Benjamin
Boutell, of Bay City, and Capt. James McCarty, of
Boston, and at the opening of navigation will be
taken to the coast, where they will enter into the
coal trade between Newport News, Norfolk, Baltimore,
Philadelphia and Boston. The vessels will
be replaced by large modern steamers.
In equipping its new English shops where the
steel cars for the London Underground railway are
to be built, the American Car & Foundry Co. has
purchased from the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co.
its entire pneumatic equipment including air compressors
and Haeseler hammers and drills.
SIXTH DISTRICT PRODUCTION.
A report compiled by J, T. Evans, mine inspec­
tor of the Sixth Pennsylvania bituminous district,
shows the following tonnage for the district dur­
ing 1904:
Berwind-White Coal Co 3,083,757
Cambria Steel Co 1,036,348
Somerset Coal Co 331,951
Stineman Coal & Coke Co 287,000
Merchants Coal Co 253,429
Stineman Coal Mining Co 182,472
Henrietta Coal Co 193,435
Logan Coal Co 240,400
Valley Coal Co 159,173
Loyalhanna Coal & Coke Co 124,404
Reading Iron Co 80,433
C. A. Buch 55,491
Meyersdale Coal Co 73,288
Somerset Mining Co 47,217
D. B. Zimmerman Coal Co 42,341
Federal Coal Co 39,857
Cambria Coal Mining Co 35,344
A. J. Haws & Sons, Ltd 55,293
Knickerbocker Coal Co 66,563
Stony Creek Coal Co 63,189
Samuel Styer 36,200
Citizens' Coal Co 33,941
Lorain Steel Co 18,656
Ferndale Coal Co 29,573
S. M. Hamilton Coal Co 10,948
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Co 20,305
Shamrock Coal Co 36,665
The Lewis Berkabile Coal Co 20,550
Shade Smokeless Coal Co 10,404
Haws Coal Co 12,355
W. J. Williams Coal Co 17,700
Harvey Stineman 9,328
Oliver Stineman 4,656
Somerset & Cambria Coal Co 2,643
Beaver Run Coal Co 2,597
Bando Coal Co 2,440
W. G. S. Robertson 1,600
Shaffer & Gardner 2,361
Total 6,725,207
Colonist Tickets to the West and Northwest
via Pennsylvania Lines.
One-way second-class colonist tickets to California,
the North Pacific Coast, Montana and Idaho.
will be sold via Pennsylvania Lines from March
lst to May 15th, inclusive. For particulars apply
to nearest Ticket Agent of those lines.
J. K. DILLON.
il
District Passenger Agent,
515 Park Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Hill Crest Coal & Coke Co., Montreal, Can.; capital,
$500,000; incorporators, Rufus H. Pope, G. W.
Fowler, M. P. Davis, William Farewell, R. A.
Pringle, Cornwall, and C. P. Hill.
r~
Russellville Anthracite Coal Mining Co., Russellville,
Ark.; capital, $350,000; incorporators, D. L.
Quirk, William Hay, F. A. Todd. C. E. King, D. C.
Griffin, William H. Smith, C. D. Martin.
1
Cranberry Fuel Co., Beckley, W. Va.; capital.
$500,000; incorporators, H. P. Thomas. R. F. Patterson,
Percy H. Henry, B. W. Fordham and Clarence
J. Henry, all of Fayette, W. Va.
1
Hinsch Coal & Coke Co., Cincinnati; capital,
$60,000; incorporators. Chapman R. Hinsch,
Charles A. Hinsch, William A. Hinsch, Harry L.
Wilson and John J. Cowe.
1
Tri-State Coal Co., Pittsburgh; capital, $150,000;
incorporators. H. Fred Mercer, Emma Sudowsky,
Edith Boyd, William 0. Sprout and Carl Vandevort,
all of Pittsburgh.
i
Cardiff Coal Co., Latrobe, Pa.; capital, $250,000;
incorporators, Marcus W. Saxmen, H. G. Buterbaugh,
Charles A. Flohr, A. D. Baker, Frank Kirkpatrick,
Latrobe.
h—
Crocket Coal Co., Birmingham, Ala.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, Roy C. and Horace L.
Gould, Paul T. Williams, T. C. Hand and G. D.
Sims.
—+—
Bowie Coal Co., Denton. Texas; capital, $50,000;
incorporators, J. W. Ripy, J. B. Schmitz, J. E.
Kimbrough, O. B. Ripy, J. B. Walker.
h—
Michigan-Illinois Coal Co., Owosso, Mich.; capital,
$30,000; incorporators, A. D. Whiting. La
Verne Thompson, and others.
—\
Universal Ideal Coal Co.. Portland, Me.; capital,
$1,000,000; incorporators, J. C. Trahan, M. W.
Baldwin, W. W. Baldwin.
h—
Coal Creek Coal Co.. Denver, Colo.; capital.
$125,000; incorporators, John Hjelm, Harry H.
Brower, John King.
—+—
E. O. Fellows Coal Co., Minneapolis; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, E. O. Fellows, W. C. Holton,
F. B. Fresman.
McCormick Coal Co., Omaha, Neb.; capital, $80,-
0O0; incorporators, G. W. Megeath, W. B. McCormick.
C. H. O'Neill.
Phoenix Coal & Mining Co., Cornell; capital.
$100,000; incorporators, A. V. Roden, J. H. Gaylord,
C. T. Baker.
1
Central Coal Co.. South Berwick, Me.; capital,
$1,000,000; incorporators, C. V. Hobbs, F. A. Hobbs
and others.
Illinois Coal Company Suspends.
The Manufacturers' Coal Co.. of Du Quoin, one
of the largest coal companies in Southern Illinois,
has issued a formal announcement, advising all
employes of its three Jupiter mines of the suspension
of operations for an indefinite period.
More than 500 men, with a monthly pay roll of
$20,000, are affected. The company announces
that it has taken this step as a last resort to
avoid the disastrous results produced throughout
the country by the low market price of coal.
New York CS, Cleveland Annual Report.
At the annual meeting of the New York & Cleveland
Gas Coal Co.. the following directors were
chosen: John A. Bell. W. R. Woodford, George T.
Oliver. A. W. eMllon, Henry R. Rea. J. B. L. Hornberger.
W. Hamilton Brunt, F. M. Wallace and
George Z. Hosack. On reorganizing the board Mr.
Hosack was elected president; Mr. Woodward,
vice-president; Mr. Brunt, treasurer; Mr. Wallace,
assistant treasurer, and C. C. Kochendorfer, secretary.
The annual meeting of the Turtle Creek &
Allegheny River Railroad, which operates about
the coal company's properties, was held at the
same time. The directors chosen were Messrs.
Rea. Woodford. Hornberger, Wallace, Brunt and
Hosack.
Maryland Coal Company's Report.
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Maryland Coal Co. was held in New York on February
7. The retiring board was re-elected. The
production of the mines of the company for the
year was 322,079 tons. The statement of profits
and surplus for the year ended December 31 shows
the net profits were $276,456 and the surplus
$116,257. a decrease in each case of $524,232.
The mine workers of the Pittsburgh district
have decided to build a $2,500 monument for the
victims of the Harwick disaster and several artists
have been invited to submit designs.

Carroll D. Wright, for 20 years the United
States commissioner of labor, retired on February
1 to become president of Clark University at Worcester,
Mass. Mr. Wright is a world-wide authority
on labor qestions and statistics, practically the
whole of his life having been spent in that field.
From 1870 to 1885 he was chief of the Massachusetts
bureau of labor statistics. He became the
United States commissioner when the national
bureau of labor was organized. Among the works
he has published are, "Strikes and Lock-outs,"
"Ethics of Labor. Hie Condition of the Working
Man," "History of the Knights of Labor," and
"History of the Iron and Steel AVorkers." During
the coal strike of 1902 he was the recorder of the
president's commission and was afterwards president
of the conciliation board. His successor is
Dr. Charles P. Neill, of Washington, who has had
a wide experience in the labor field.
* * *
The text of the recent decision of the United
States supreme court, in connection with the large
beef interests, has caused some temporary uncertainty
as to the power of federal judges to enjoin
strikers from committing unlawful acts. Hasty
scanning is probably responsible for the uneasiness
at first manifested and which is not warranted
by the language of the decision. The cue
was taken probably from the section in which it
is held that a general injunction against all possible
breaches of the law cannot be issued, but
that defendants are entitled to specific instructions
regarding what they must do. This neither hampers
nor nullifies the principle of injunction, and
certainly holds out neither hope nor encouragement
to those who favor a resort to violence during
industrial disputes.
• • *
Lobbyists representing the mine workers are
attending the session of the Pennsylvania legislature
to oppose certain bills which are not in
their interest. The committee consists of President
John Fahy of District No. 9. and Board Members
Thomas Llewellyn. Richard Healey, Thomas
Richards and Terrence Ginley. They were instructed
to urge the passage of the law prohibiting
child labor in or about the mines and also that
relative to the weighing of coal. They are also
endeavoring to bring about the passage of a measure
appropriating money for the erection of a
home for the care of aged and indigent miners.
* * *
Twenty-one suits for damages, $7,000 being
asked in each case, or $147,000 in all, have been
filed in the county court at Tuscaloosa. Ala., by
the non-union miners at Brookwood. against the
United Mine Workers of America and the local
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
organization there. The plaintiffs assert that
during October last the local organization held
several meetings, the result of which was a demand
upon the Alabama Consolidated Iron & Coal
Co. to dismiss from its mine all non-union workers,
which was done. Much suffering resulted, it
is charged.
* * *
The local miners' organizations in the Central
Pennsylvania bituminous district have notified
their delegates to make no agreement with the
operators at the scale conference at Altoona on
March 17, unless an advance in the mining rate
is granted. The men accepted a 5% per cent.
reduction at the conference last year. The operators
say they can no longer pay the present rate,
62 cents, in view of the increased Southern competition
and the low price at which coal is selling.
* * *
An agreement has been reached at Livingston,
Mont., between the Cokedale Coal Co., and the
local union No. 2560, United Mine Workers of
America, in regard to the digging of coal in Cokedale.
A thirty-day trial will be given the men.
The price per ton is 60 cents and they will be
allowed 50 cents per foot in cross-cuts. If it is
then seen that the men cannot make satisfactory
wages the rate will be increased until they can
earn $3.60 per day.
A special meeting of the Pittsburgh district
executive board of the United Mine Workers was
held at Pittsburgh on February 8 and 9, to discus
proposed amendments to the dead work scale
of the Pittsburgh district, the renewal of the
Mercer-Butler scale agreement and other matters
in preparation for the conferences with operators
fixed for February 15 at Pittsburgh and February
21 at Greenville, Pa.
* * *
Former State Mine Inspector Elmer G. Biddison,
of Youngstown. O.. and District President Percy
Tetlow of the United Mine Workers, held a conference
at Salem, O.. on February 3 at which a
mutually satisfactory scale for machine mining
at the Salem Fuel Co.'s mines of which Mr. Biddison
is manager was agreed upon.
* * *
The United Mine Workers are again endeavoring
to organize the Irwin field, in which 25,000
are employed. At a recent mass meeting conducted
by Pittsburgh district organizers of the
mine workers union, 1.500 miners were in attendance.
* * *
The biennial report of the Tennessee board of
prison commissioners shows that the profits for
1904 from the Brushy Mountain coal mines were
$410,027.51. as compared with $405,431.79 for 1903.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The steamer Chevalier was sunk by ice at Huntington,
W. Va.. on February 10. On the same date,
the steamer W. K. Hillings was sunk by ice in
the seventh pool of the Monongahela and 17
barges of coal, valued at $24,000, were lost near
Charleroi, Pa., from the same cause. The Hillings
is in bad position and it is feared that the vessel
will be broken up by the outgoing ice.
—x—
A general break-up of the ice and ice gorges
between Pittsburgh and Cincinnati occurred on
February 11 and 12 and damage estimated at
$100,000 was sustained by the various river coal
interests through the sinking of barges and other
craft.
—x—
A fire caused by a new miner who lost his way
in the Jeddo No. 4 slope near Hazleton, Pa., operated
by G. B. Markle & Co.. caused a suspension
of operations for three days and damaged the
mine to the extent of $10,000.
—x—
Fire of unknown origin destroyed the tipple and
entrance buildings at the Venetia mine of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. causing a loss of several thousand
dollars.
—x—
fire in the soft coal on the docks of the St.
Paul & Western Coal Co.. at Green Bay. Wis., destroyed
4,000 tons before it could be controlled.
—x—
A fire in the Continental Coal Co.'s mine No.
252 at Glouster, O., recently caused a loss of $50,-
000.
Three more Cameron horizontal piston pumps
have been installed by the O'Rourke Construction
& Engineering Co. for use in the work of driving
the North River tunnel for the Pennsylvania Railroad
Co., at New York. The O'Rourke company
already has several of these pumps in use in the
work on the Pennsylvania tunnel and the New
York Central tunnel in New York City.
The River Coal Co., a United States Steel constit
uent, is about to abolish mules in its mines and
will install electric haulage systems for all underground
work. The miners have been putting out
about 700 tons daily, and when the body of the
coal is reached the capacity will be increased to
2,000 tons a day. The coal is crushed and shipped
by river and rail to the furnaces.
An application has been made to the United
States district court by the C. Jutte Co. for a
writ of error to the supreme court of the United
States to review the decision of the supreme
court of Pennsylvania in the case brought by the
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.
to restrain the C. Jutte Co. from entering business
as a coal company for ten years.
A new course, devoted to the study of mining
law, is to be established at Columbia. The course
will be open to law students and will be in charge
of a former judge of Minnesota who is an authority
on the subject. His name is to be announced
later. The actual work of the course will be done
in the engineering building.
The Kanawha Fuel Co. is sending its friends
and patrons a handsome and useful souvenir in
the form of a combination clock, calendar, thermometer
and barometer. It is made for desk
use and is finished in black Morocco leather
with gilt metal trimmings.
The board of directors of the Pennsylvania Railroad
Co. created the office of eoal freight agent
and appointed Robert H. Large, division freight
agent at Altoona, to the position. J. G. Searles
is general coal freight agent, and Mr. Large will
become his assistant.
During January 12,870,000 bushels of coal passed
through Lock No. 4 on the Monongahela river. To
carry it 1,257 barges, coal boats and flats were
required. During the same time 1,320 empty
craft were passed through the lock on their way
to the mines.
The interstate commerce commission has been
investigating the charges that the Santa Fe railroad
has been granting rebates to the Colorado
Fuel & Iron Co. and has sent a report to the attorney
general setting forth that the law has been
violated.
The Ohio river coal interests have combined in
a movement to keep the Pittsburgh and Cincinnati
harbors free from ice, thereby preventing the
formation of gorges which might result in heavy
property losses.
Official announcement is made that the.Dering
Coal Co. has made a long-term contract with the
United States Steel Corporation to furnish bituminous
coal to its mills in Illinois, Indiana and
Wisconsin.
In 1904 there were mined 9,650,000 tons of coal
in Japan. Ten years ago the Japanese coal production
did not exceed 3,000,000 tons.

Peabody Coal Co. Extends Its Holdings.
The Peabody Coal Co. of Illinois has increased
its capital stock to $2,500,000 and has taken over
the assets and liabilities of the Southern Illinois
Coal Mining & Washing Co., the Marion District
Coal Association, the Brazil Coal Co., the Busse-
Reynolds Coal Co., the City Fuel Co., the Evanston
Elevator & Coal Co. and the Brignall Bros.
Coal Co. of Evanston. Since February 1 these
companies have been operated under the name of
the Peabody Coal Co. The, name of the Jobs Ohio
Hocking Coal Co. also has been changed to Peabody
Coal Co. No change has been made in the
personnel of the selling departments of these companies.
Colonist Tickets to the West and Southwest
via Pennsylvania Lines.
February 21st and March 21st, special one-way
second-class colonist tickets will be sold to points
in the West and Southwest Territory via Pennsylvania
Lines. For full particulars regarding
fares, time of trains, etc., call on nearest Ticket
Agent of those lines.
J. K. DILLON.
District Passenger Agent,
515 Park Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.
UNDERGROUND, SURFACE
S INCLINE WIRE ROPE" "
HAULAGE OUTFITS. \t
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
ESTABLISHED i«57
A.LESCHEN &rS0N5 ROPE CO.
ST. LOU IS, MO.
BRANCH OFFICES:
NEW YORK CHICAGO
DENVER SAN FRANCISCO
The Anthracite Reserve.
The tidewater stocks of anthracite coal were
almost exactly the same at the end of 1904 as at
the close of 1903, a little more than 700,000 tons.
Interior stocks were no doubt heavier, but the
coal so held was reserved for contingencies. During
this year the interior stocks will no doubt be
further augmented, but they will in no way affect
the market as it is proposed to make these stocks
permanent.
Westmoreland Co. Absorbes Penn Gas Co.
The Westmoreland Coal Co. has absorbed the
Penn Gas Coal Co. The holding of the Penn company
aggregated 5,000 acres, which, added to those
of the Westmoreland company, part of which they
adjoin, gives that company a total of 20,000 acres.
The purchase price announced is $3,000,000, to
meet which the Westmoreland company will increase
its capital stock from $3,000,000 to $5,000,-
000, the full amount authorized by its charter, and
will issue $1,000,000 of bonds.
West Virginia's coal fields contain more coal
than all of Great Britain.
WIRE ROPE
FOR
MINES,
QUARRIES,
ELEVATORS,
AERIAL WIRE ROPE
f RAMWAYS
LESCHEN SYSTEMS
DUSEPAU SYSTEM i

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"SQUIRE MACK" ON THE MINER.
"Who says the coal miners aint a progressive
lot?" demanded Squire Mack.
"What have they done?" asked Davy, the constable.
"They've barred saloonkeepers and bartenders
out of their union," replied the Squire.
"That's funny," commented the Constable.
"I thought maybe it was a knock," said the
Squire. "I aint heard from Bishop Potter yet, but
then, maybe this aint got any reference to the
Subway Tavern, of blessed opening fame. However,
what other kind of a booze joint would a
coal miner be likely to know about and be interested
in? Subway means under. The coal miner
works underground. The saloon is under society;
whether it's called Subway Tavern or something
else it's the road to hell. Even if you don't believe
in that forbidding corner of the hereafter. I
won't take it back about the saloon, for if you
stick to it you won't be interested in the life to
come, nor the terrors of it, neither. You'll experience
all of the worst of them right here on
earth.
"But how did saloonkeepers and bartenders get
into the coal miners' union? And if they're in
why should they be put out? It's true that the
miners furnish the fuel we keep our fires going
with, if we don't use gas, but I never heard anyone
that expected to be believed say that when
we die we'll engage in the same trade we're in
here. So why should these two trades hook up?
The coal miner is a hard-working, sober, and industrious
man when he aint on strike, and then
he can't help being idle. He's necessary to the
existence of the bartender and the saloonkeeper.
but if he depends on tnem for anything he's just
a weak brother like the rest of us that don't know
any better or can't control our appetites.
"I've heard of the underground route to a jag.
but it wasn't anything about a coal mine. It
was only what the critic of the poet calls a
happy euphemism without any reference to the
facts in the case, in the same way that speakeasy
describes a place so loud that it keeps the people
a block away awake without ever attracting the
attention of the police, or a blind tiger hasn't anything
to do with a freak zoological specimen.
"I don't believe a coal miner would want to
give up the freedom of digging coal far away
from the maddening crowd for the strenuous existence
of the man that pushes booze to warm the
cockles of Mr. Easyman's heart or fire his blood
and brain till he's ready to commit any crime.
Besides that, whoever heard of a bartender going
on strike? Why, you wouldn't know there was a
bartenders' union if it wasn't for the Labor Day
parade. And what would a pousse cafe look like
that had been chucked together with a pick and
shovel?
"There's other things besides that idea about
fuel that's alike in tne two trades. Both of them
uses the pick—the bartender the icepick and the
toothpick, and the miner the coalpick. Both of
them needs lots of air—the miner for breathing
when he's underground and for conventions and
the bartender to fizz the water for the highball.
Both set free much sulphur—the bartender to
make his friends settle and the miner because he
can't help it if it's in the coal. Both professions
are extra hazardous on the life insurance books—
the miner's because of the firedamp and the bartender's
because of the firewater.
"You'd think a fellow-feeling would spring up
between the miners and the underminers, but it
aint so. Resolutely the coal miners refuse to
allow the others to belong to their union. Whether
it's to be war or not I dofj't know, but it's fair to
suppose the bartenders will retaliate and keep coal
miners out of their union."
"If the coal miners took the bartenders in they
might do the world a service by reforming them,"
suggested the Constable.
"True." admitted Squire Mack. "But if all the
coal miners become bartenders they might get in
the habit of working steady, and then what'd become
of the miners' union?"
EXPERIMENTS WITH COAL DUST.
Mining engineers have never agreed as to
whether a mixture of coal dust and air alone is
explosive, but it is generally conceded that when
even a small percentage of firedamp is present the
mixture becomes exceedingly dangerous. Efforts
are now being made to determine just what part
coal dust plays in mine explosions. Much light
has been thrown on the question as a result of the
experiments made in England in artificial galleries
both on a small and on a large scale, in which
shots from a cannon or pistol were fired in an
atmosphere heavily charged with coal dust but
free from explosive gases. In some cases an ignition
or explosion took place and was propagated
throughout the entire length of the galleries. In
other cases there was simply an elongation of the
flame from the shot without ignition. The certainty
of an explosion was found to depend on the
fulfillment of a number of conditions, among which
are, the fineness, the state of dryness and purity
of the dust; the amount of dust in suspension;
the kind and quality of the powder used to produce
the initial explosion; the tamping used, etc.
If any one of these and perhaps other conditions
was unfavorable no explosion was produced, but
when every condition was favorable violent ignitions
and explosions resulted.

©
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
•1 • Y • fYf l7f/} Z^\ -Z> W • \~. • ". • .7 * • •"."•« ~ • l> aa
COAL*
fcAAAAAAAAJ
^
&W W. S. WALLACE, SECRETARY. E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT. Wj
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
JJS; ^5M ^\5\ «^ *~^' •^ ^S -"S^ *K3> «^ »^i ^o^ *I5^ =J5?i*- : fic^i 's^* i'^y»

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
fo the coal trade are reported expressly for
THE COAL TBADE BULLETIN by J. M. Nesbit, patent
attorney, Park building, Pittsburg, Pa., from whom
printed copies may be procured for 15 cents each:
Safety device for mine shafts, N. W. Dickerson,
Derwent, Ohio; 779,535.
Charging machine for coke ovens, John Haug,
Philadelphia; 779,780.
Miner's pick, John Chevallard, Millersburg, 0.;
779,839.
Coal handling machine, S. S. Fleming, Chicago;
780,030.
Miner's lamp attachment, A. L. Hileman, Haysville,
Pa.; 780.179.
Charging device for coke ovens, B. Ladd, J.
Wayne, Pa.; 780,203.
Blast hole loader, W. T. Wright, Bisbee, Ariz.;
780,467.
Mining car brake, C. P. Kelso, Des Moines, la.;
780,666.
TRADE MARKS—Cannel Coal, The Mahoning &
Lake Erie Coal Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 43,999. This
mark consists of the words "Old Hickory."
Over Nineteen Hours Saved.
To Mexico City. Double daily through Pullman
Car Service from St. Louis via The Iron
Mountain Route, Texas & Pacific Ry.. International
& Great Northern R. R., and National R. R. of
Mexico. The most scenic route to the capital of
Old Mexico. For rates and descriptive pamphlet
address John R. James, C. P. A., 315 Bessemer
Bldg.. Pittsburgh, Pa.
-vi
r\r
ACME COAL MINING CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES:
SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R.
GENERAL OFFICES GREENSBURG, PA.
LA *J

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
J ARTHUR BROCK, President, Lebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburjj, Pa.
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, Latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
. . . OF . . .
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
..AND ..
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.
l\ r
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
SS
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
^ FAMOUS
"ARGYLE" PENNSYLVANIA.
SMOKELESS
V

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
«AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
TTTVTTTTTTTVTTVTTTTTTTTVTTT^VTTTVTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVTTTVTmTTTTTVTTT

-THE-
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
"C C B
"POCAHONTAS^
.SMOKELESS^
sCOAL.
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THK CELEBRATED C. C. IS. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL,
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, as the United States Geological Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
C. C. B. Pocahontas Smokdess
Is the only American Coal that has heen Officially indorsed hy the
Governments of Great Britain, Germanv and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United States Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN &. BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
POCAHONTAS
THAOE MARK MAIN REGISTERED OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 So. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BRANCH OFFICES :
1 BROADWAY. New YORK CITY. OLD NEW COLONY YORK BUILDING. CHICAGO. III.
CITIZENS- BANK BUILDING. NORFOLK. 126 STATE VA. STREET. BOSTON, MASS.
EUROPEAN AGENTS ;
HULL. BLYTH & COMPANY. 4 FENCHURCH AVENUE. LONDON, E. C. ENGLAND
NEAVE BUILDING, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
TEHRY BUILDING, ROANOKE, VA.
LUHRIG
GOAL MINED ONLY BY
THE LUHRIG COAL CO
MINES LARGE. NO SLACK. NO SLATE. NO CLINKER.
FOURTH AND PLUM STREETS,
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
LONG DISTANCE PHONE
MAIN 3094.
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
v —->••'
J. L. SPANGLKR, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL,
PRESIDENT. V. PREST. tt TRKAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spang;ler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
s- OFFICES: —»
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA,'PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
. _ SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA. ~,
C. M. UNDERHILL,
WESTERN AGENT FOR
THE SALE OF
THE
ANTHRACITE COAL
OF
J. LAIVGDOIV & CO., INCORPORATED.
BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE.
FIDELITY BUILDING,
BUFFALO, • NEW YORK.
& 4

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
,0
-fe
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
^"| BITUMINOUS COALS.
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
26 South 15th Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
SOUTH FORK COALS.
OFFICES. j
No. 1 Broadway,
NEW YORK.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
jVIINlCFJS A N D SHIPPERS OIT
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
AND
LTORHESHOE COAT.,
(MIIJ^ER VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
0)
+
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
Empire Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
LOCATED ON MINES AT
G. & P. R. R., B. & 0. R. R. and Ohio River, Bellaire, Ohio.
Communications should be sent to LOUIS F. NEWMAN, Manager, Pittsburgh, Pa.
J « L
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BYPRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE:
Latrobe, Penna.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
(t *\
M. M. COCHRAN, President.
W. HARRY BROWN, Vice President.
JOHN H. WURTZ, Sec'y and Treas.
J. S. NEWMYER, General Manager.
WASHINGTON GOAL & COKE COMPANY,
GENERAL OFFICE, DAWSON, FAYETTE COUNTY, PA.
5,000 TONS, DALLY CAPACITY.
INDIVIDUAL CARS.
YOUGHIOGHENY
COAL,
STEAM, GAS, COKING.
CONNELLSVILLE
COKE,
FURNACE, FOUNDRY, CRUSHED.
SHIPMENTS VIA B. &. O. R. R., AND P. & L. E. R. R. AND CONNECTIONS.
SALES OFFICE: PITTSBURGH, PA.
N. P. HYNDMAN, Sales Agent. H. R. HYNDMAN, Asst. Sales Agent.

56
V
IHE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CLYDE COAL COMPANY 1
}
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED CLYDE COAL
SHIPMENTS BY RIVER STEAMERS
"CLYDE" AND "ELEANOR."
CLYDE MINE, FREDERICKTOWN.
DAILY CAPACITY OF MINES 3 OOO TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
CONESTOGA BUILDING, PITTSBURGH PA.
J. H. SANFORD, GENERAL MANAGER.
BELL PHONE, 2517 COURT p &. A. PHONE, 2125 MAIN.
I-
J

T5he
COAL TRADE BULLETIN^
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., MARCH 1, 1905. No. 7
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1904
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL THADK COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA DISTRICT
WAGE CONFERENCE WILL HAVE TO
HARMONIZE WIDELY DIVERGENT ATTI­
TUDES OF BOTH FACTORS BEFORE A
NEW SCALE CAN BE FORMULATED.
The sixteenth annual convention of the United
Mine Workers of Bituminous District No. 2, the
Central Pennsylvania field, will be held at Altoona
beginning March 14, and immediately after its
conclusion the joint conference with the operators
on the wage scale will be held. The two meet­
ings will be the most important held in the Cen­
tral Pennsylvania field in several years as a radi­
cal difference of opinion prevails regarding what
shall be the main provisions of the new scale.
The operators are prepared to insist on a reduction
from the present scale of 62 cents a ton for pick
mining. The past year has been such a poor one
in the coal business that the operators are satis­
fied that a reduction in the cost of production is
absolutely necessary if they are to continue in
business. Wages have been advanced nearly 60
per cent, over what they were five years ago
while competition from the other fields shipping
to tidewater has become very great. The Cen­
tral field operators suffer a further disadvantage,
both as regards their daily output and cost of
production by reason of the fact that their work­
ing day is eight hours, while the working day in
some competing regions is nine and ten hours.
The rate of reduction accepted by the Central
Pennsylvania miners last year was nearly the
same as that made by their employers' competi­
tors, the only difference being that it did not
extend quite so far as the latter. The burdens
of the Central Pennsylvania operators, and which
have been accumulating steadily, were, therefore.
in nowise lightened, and the conditions under
which they are compelled to operate have become
almost prohibitive.
The mineis, on the other hand, will ask among
other things for a material decrease in the ma­
chine differential. The price paid for machine
mining is five-ninths of the district price for pick
mining, plus one-half per cent., or about 35 cents.
The miners claim that this is too much: that the
difference in the cost to the operator is only 7
cents, and that the differential should not be
more than 10 cents flat. These questions will
overshadow all others in the joint scale confer­
ence, although an attempt will be made to have
the wages of drivers increased.
The demands of the miners at the conference
will he in line with those formulated at the con­
vention of sub-district No. 3. at Gallitzin. on Feb­
ruary 15 and 16, and which are as follows:
That a substatial increase be made in the ma­
chine mining rate for the purpose of reducing the
existing differential between it and pick mining.
That drivers receive the national day wage of
$2.42 for eight hours instead of $2.27 at at present.
That a uniform scale be established for the em­
ployes of coke ovens whose remuneration now
varies with the locality of the ovens.
That a uniform rate of one-fourth of a cent a ton
lie established for blacksmithing expenses for
machine miners.
A contract has been idosed to supply 45.000 tons
of Welsh steam coal to the Paris, Lyons & Mediter­
ranean railroad. The coal will be shipped from
Cardiff. The price is $4.92 per ton, delivered at
Marseilles.

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SCALE INTERPRETATIONS IN
THE PITTSBURGH DISTRICT.
Conferences in which representatives of the
miners' organization and of the Pittsburgh Coal,
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke, Carnegie
Coal, Fayette Coal and Mifflin Coal Cos. took
part, were held in Pittsburgh on February 15. 16.
17 and 18, to consider conflicting interpretations
of portions of the district scale referring to dead
work. The necessity for the meetings was due
largely to the difference of opinion among mine
foremen regarding payment for the removal of
slate, various rulings being in effect at different
mines. A uniform agreement to pay the miner
for the removal of all slate over twelve inches in
thickness was made and has been accepted hy
operators in the district. A number of other
interpretations on matters of minor importance
were also agreed upon.
The scale conference in the Mercer-Butler field
has been postponed until March 21. No radical
changes will be asked by either the miners or the
operators but an equalization of the machine differential
will be the principal subject for consideration.
Individual concessions, the necessity for
which are recognized, will be made. There are
also several matters of minor importance to be
regulated but no difficulty in reaching an understanding
is expected.
LAKE COAL RATES RE-AFFIRMED.
The heads of the freight traffic departments of
all the railroads which have a part in the lake
coal trade from Western Pennsylvania and Ohio
held their meeting on February 21 to fix the coal
rates to the lakes, and the result of the conference
was the reaffirming of last year's rates in
spite of the protests of the coal shippers from the
Pittsburgh district. The new year begins April 1.
The old rate is 83 cents a ton from Eastern Ohio,
including the Hocking valley, to the boats. It is
on account of the difference in the place of delivery
that the Pittsburgh shippers claim discrimination.
For 83 cents Pittsburgh coal is delivered
only to the docks, while for 85 cents the
railroads bear the expense of loading Ohio coal
on the lake vessels. The loss to Pittsburgh shippers
is apparent, in that it costs them 8 or 9 cents
a ton to load the coal from docks to vessels and
they are thus paying 91 or 92 cents per ton while
their Ohio competitors are paying only 83 cents for
delivery from the coal fields to the lake vessels.
The rate from the Fairmont district of West Virginia
to the lake is fixed at 91 "i cents. The rate
from Pittsburgh to Chicago is $1.90.
A storage boat of the Jutte Coal Co. at Pittsburgh,
was burned on February 16. Loss, $3,000.
MINING BILLS INTROBUCED IN
THE PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATURE.
In accordance with the recommendation of Gov.
Pennypacker in his last annual message recommending
that a small tax be placed upon every
ton of coal mined in Pennsylvania, Representative
W. J. Thomas of Lackawanna has introduced a
bill which places a tax of 5 cents on every ton of
anthracite and 2 cents on every ton of bituminous
coal mined in Pennsylvania. Provision is made
for reports to the auditor general, levying of the
taxes and for the distribution of the funds thus
collected. Two-fifths of this revenue is to go
toward the support of the public schools, twofifths
for the construction and maintenance of
public roads and one-fifth is to be placed to the
credit of a miners' relief association, an organization
to be created by a companion bill presented
by Mr. Thomas. This hill provides for the appointment
by the governor of five persons, one of
whom snail be a practical anthracite miner and
another to be a bituminous miner, actually engaged
in that occupation, who shall constitute a
miners' relief association. They shall he paid $500
a year each, excepting the secretary, who shall
receive $1,000 a year. They are to keep a record
of accidents and, in co-operation with employers,
shall help to ameliorate the condition of sick and
disabled miners, and shall have custody of all
funds appropriated for such purposes. It is asserted
that the tax proposed in the first bill would
raise over $4,000,000 of revenue.
Two bills have been reported favorably from the
committee on labor and industry of the lower
house, one prohibiting the employment of any
person in or about the anthracite coal mines for
more than eight hours a day and another prohibiting
the employment of children under 16 years of
age in or about an anthracite coal mine.
Three bills relating to bituminous coal mining
have heen introduced. One of these measures,
presented by S. J. Smith, of Indiana would require
every man going into the soft coal mines
to pass an examination by a board composed of
miners and to receive a state certificate before
digging coal.
The examining board is to consist of five in
each inspection district. The hoard is authorized
to put a series of questions to applicants for work
under the ground. If the questions are answered
correctly in English the applicant will be entitled
to a certificate showing that he has qualified to be
admitted to underground workings. The board
shall meet at least once a month, giving notice of
the place of meeting and time, and shall be empowered
to charge 50 cents for each certificate
issued.
The act will not affect those who are already
employed in the mines," as their term of service

will be a sufficient qualification. The bill is almost
identical with that in vogue in the anthracite
region, since the Gallagher miner's examina
tion law passed in 1887. The examining board of
five miners will be appointed by courts having
jurisdiction in the different inspection districts.
During the prolonged strike in the hard coal
district two years ago this law kept the operators
from employing outside men to take the place of
the striking miners for the reason that the law
would not permit any person to enter the mine
who did not have a certificate of competency
issued by the examining board.
Mr. Hohman, of Cambria, has a bill providing
that no person shall discharge the duties of mine
foreman or fire boss who has not been examined
by an examining board within four years and
who has not received a certificate of competency.
Another measure of which Mr. Hohman is the
author asks the appointment by the governor of
a commission of 10 persons, 5 of whom shall be
skillful miners, to draft a new mine law for the
bituminous coal fields and to report to the next
legislature.
A bill introduced by Mr. North, of Jefferson.
provides for conveying air to workers imprisoned
in subterranean excavations in case of accident.
In all pits, which shall be started for the purpose
of mining coal or clay, after January 1, 1906, when
20 or more persons shall be employed therein, the
owners must run pipes not less than six inches in
diameter beneath the floors of all tunnels. Pipes
not less than four inches in diameter are to be
run beneath the floors of all passages. These pipes
must connect with a main tube and open into the
various headings. While the primary purpose of
the bill is the humane one of supplying pure air
to imprisoned workingmen, the tubes can be used
as a means of hasty communication or as a means
of transportation of water in case of fire. Mine
foremen must inspect the workings of the tubes,
and see that the entire system is in proper shape.
Inspections must be conducted at intervals of not
less than seven days, neglect to do so, on the part
of the foreman, being a misdemeanor punishable
by a fine of not more than $100 or imprisonment
for not more than 90 days, or both. Any citizen
of the state may enter complaint against any operators
for neglect to equip new mines with a proper
tube system, the court enjoining the company
against further operations where the evidence is
sufficient.
Senator Stineman presented a measure which
is of interest to coal mining concerns operating
under foreign charters. It provides "that any
foreign corporation, which is lawfully engaged in
this commonwealth, in the manufacture or production
of any article or articles of trade or commerce
may own and hold so much land in its
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
corporate name as may be necessary for the purpose
of such production or manufacture and storage
of the same."
THE GERMAN COAL TRADE.
Imports of fuel into Germany are as follows,
the figures representing metric tons:
1903. 1904. Changes.
Coal 6,766,513 7,299,042 1.532,529
Brown coal 7,962,123 7,669,099 D. 293,024
Coke 432.812 550,302 1.117.490
Totals 15,161.448 15,518.445 1.356,995
The largest imports of coal were from Great
Britain: while the brown coal, or lignite, was
practically all from Austria. The coke was
chiefly from Belgium.
Exports of fuel from Gennany are as follows.
in metric tons:
1903. 1904. Changes.
Coal 17,389,934 17,996,726 1.606,792
Brown coal 22,499 22,135 D. 364
Coke 2,523,351 2.716,855 I. 193.504
Totals 19,935,7S4 20.735,716 1.799,932
The large shipments of coal last year were to
Austria, Holland, Belgium, France and Switzerland
; of coke to France and Russia. The German
trade is nearly all with adjacent countries. There
were 27,901 tons of coke shipped to the United
States.
The annual coal production of Germany is as
follows, in metric tons:
1903. 1904. Changes.
Coal 116.637,765 120,694,098 1.4,056,333
Brown coal... 45.819.488 48,500,222 1.2,680,734
Total mined. 162,457,253 169,194,320 1.6,737,067
Coke made 11,509,259 12,331,163 I. 821,904
Briquettes
made 10.476,170 11,413,469 I. 937,299
Of the coal mined last year, 112,808,409 tons of
coal, and 41,126,856 tons of brown coal, or lignite.
were from the mines of Prussia.
PRODUCTION OF COAL IN FRANCE.
The output of coal in the Nord and Pas-de-Calais.
in France in metric tons, is as follows:
1903. 1904. Changes.
Nord 6.323.82S 6,409,483 I. 85,655
Pas-de-Calais ...16,595.781 16,303,515 D.292,266
Totals 22,919,609 22.712.99S D.206,611
These two districts supply more than fourfifths
of all the coal mined in France.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE CUMBERLAND COAL TRADE.
The annual report of the Cumberland coal trade,
which includes the George's Creek and Upper Potomac
regions for the year 1904 has just been
issued. During the year 5,905,388 tons were mined
and shipped, a decrease of 126,788 tons compared
with 1903 and a decrease of 383,479 tons compared
with 1902. the banner year of the Cumberland
trade when 6,288.867 tons were shipped. The Bal­
timore & Ohio railroad carried 3.923,036 tons of
coal mined in the two fields during the year, the
Pennsylvania carried LOSS.934 tons, the Chesa­
peake & Ohio canal carried 205,964 tons and 767,-
454 tons were shipped to local points, converted
into coke or included in the surplus. The Cum­
berland & Pennsylvania railroad, the main feeder
of the George's Creek region, carried during the
year 3.232.92S tons, of which 2.591.009 tons were
delivered to the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, 234.-
502 tons were delivered to the Pennsylvania
branch here and 205,964 tons were turned over to
the Chesapeake & Ohio canal for shipment to Williamsport
and Georgetown, while 201,453 tors were
used locally or included in the surplus. The ton­
nage of the George s Creek and Cumberland railroad
during the season was 675.173, of which 552,-
993 tons were delivered to the Pennsylvania here,
92,738 tons to the Baltimore & Ohio and 29,442
tons were distributed locally or included in the sur­
plus.
During 1904, the West Virginia Central and
Pittsburgh railway carried 1.997.287 tons of which
1,239,289 tons were delivered to the Baltimore &
Ohio, 221,439 tons were delivered to the Pennsylvania
and 530,559. were converted into coke, used
locally, or included in the surplus. The coke output
amounted to 263.311 tons, made from 364,966
tons of coal and was delivered as follows: To
Baltimore & Ohio railroad. 246.335 tons. Pennsylvania,
16,553 tons, and 433 tons used locally.
The entire output of the George's Creek region
was 3,908.101 tons, a decrease of 69,029 tons compared
with 1903. 'I'he output of the West Virginia
Central shows a decrease of 57,759 tons compared
with the preceding year.
Since the opening of the George's Creek region
in 1842 when 1,708 tons of coal were mined, the
output has been 106,525,685 tons. The output by
individual companies during the year 1904 was
as follows: Consolidation Coal Co., 1,832,269 tons.
increase of 77,350 tons over preceding year; Black,
Sheridan, Wilson Co., 740,487 tons, decrease of
83,329 tons; Maryland Coal Co., 322,080 tons, increase
13,611; American Coal Co., 237,670 tons, de­
crease 56,274 tons; George's Creek Coal & Iron Co..
222,053 tons, increase 80,285 tons; New Central
Coal Co.. 122.253 tons, decrease 9,274 tons; Pied­
mont and George's Creek Coal Co., 183,481 tons,
increase 44,924 tons. Other shippers were: Lonaconing
Coal Co., 11.123 tons, decrease 23,515; H. &
W. A. Hitchins, 25,000 tons, decrease 18,407; Midland
Mining Co., 43,172 tons, decrease of 454; Piedmont
Mining Co., 44,321 tons, increase 12,245;
Piedmont-Cumberland Coal Co., 16,494 tons, decrease
34,338; Frostburg Coal Mining Co., 5,933
tons, decrease 10.559 tons; Cumberland-George's
Creek Coal Co., 11,146 tons, decrease 1,120; Phoenix
Mining Co., 43.S41 tons, increase 5,264; Chapman
Coal Mining Co.. 25,676 tons, increase 9,424; Mos­
cow-George's Creek Mining Co., 6,009 tons, de­
crease 8,104; Cumberland Basin Coal Co., 6,244
tons, decrease 8,712.
The following were the shipments of new opera­
tions during the year: Rock Vein Coal Co., 4,289
tons; George's Creek Bald Knob Coal Co., 1,981
tons; McMullen Bros., 359 tons; Bowery Coal Co.,
2,200 tons. The shipments from the Franklin
mine of the Davis Coal & Coke Co. in the George's
Creek region amounted to only 9,888 tons, a de­
crease of 211,593 tons.
The heaviest producers of the North Potomac
basin (West Virginia Central region) were: Davis
Coal & Coke Co. (Thomas mines) 429,437 tons, decrease
100,928; (Coketon) 324,644 tons, decrease
16,474; (Elk Garden) 30S.816 tons, increase 26,900;
(Franklin) 180,708 tons, increase 180,708 tons;
(Henry) 100,365 tons, increase 47.741 tons; Cumberland
Coal Co. (Douglas mine) 151,770 tons,
decrease 25,312; Harding, 66,999, decrease 35,068;
Junior mine. 36,473 tons, decrease 33,435; Bayard
mine, 31,047. increase 29,249 tons; Dodson mine,
40.830 tons, increase 16.000. The Masteller Coal
Co. at \\ indom, a new operation, produced 39,360
tons.
Milwaukee Coal Stocks Depleted.
With few exceptions all the vessels chartered to
load coal cargoes at Milwaukee during the winter
have been unloaded. Coal is moving freely into
the interior towns and indications are that the
stock at Milwaukee will he pretty well cleaned up
by the opening of navigation. A. E. Uhdig, president
of the Milwaukee Western Co., says that at
the close of navigation last year there were ap­
proximately 2,200,000 tons of hard and soft coal
on the docks at Milwaukee. When stock was
taken January 1 last, something over 1,000,000 tons
remained.
Practical tests have shown that Transvaal coal
can be used for steamship firing in combination
with Cardiff or other high-grade coal, but that
when used alone it entails so much extra work
upon firemen that there is a question as to whether
it is profitable.

PENNSYLVANIA DISTRICT REPORTS.
The report of Mine Inspector I. G. Roby, of the
Fifth Pennsylvania bituminous district, embracing
Connellsville coke region, for the last year
shows that during that time there was mined in
the district S,585,876 tons of coal, of which 7,154,-
326 tons were used to produce 4,954,126 tons of
coke. The following table shows the production
of the various companies operating in the district:
Coal mined. Coke made.
Tons. Tons.
H. C. Frick Coke Co 4,578,306 2,569,000
Oliver & Snyder Steel Co 789,253 511,227
W. J. Rainey 474,493 345,896
Colonial Coke Co 364,329 202,888
Sharon Coke Co 265,485
A. L. Keister & Co 206,380 163,500
Bessemer Coke Co 194,175 134,988
Atlas Coke Co 186,482 155,369
Connellsville Cent. Coke Co. 184,646 112,244
Fayette Coke Co 171,617 125,535
Riverview Coal & Coke Co... 133,523 65,292
Stewart Iron Co., Ltd 109,23/ 90,139
ruritan Coke Co 91,400 40,547
Joseph Wharton 70,483 48,263
Masontown Coal & Coke Co. . 61,331 43,609
Penn Coke Co 00,149 26,539
Isaac Taylor & co 59,913 39,574
Brier Hill Coke Co 58,500 35,275
Geneva Coke Co 55,826 35,000
Orient Coke Co 46,344 25,500
Gilmore Coke Co 45,075 23,000
Hero Coal & Coke Co 39,465 6,000
Whyel Coke Co 38,985 25,659
Sackett Coke Co 36,596 17,100
Cheat Haven Coal Co 36,445
E. A. Humphries & Co 34,695 24,981
J. R. Carothers 28,000 20,400
H. R. Sackett Coal & Coke Co. 26,304 14,340
Fayette Mining Co 25,(K)0
Rich Hill Coke Co 23,496 14,560
Newcomer Coke Co 14,451 11,000
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co 10,912
Smithfield Coal & Coke Co. . . 10,125 4,900
Eleanor Coal & Coke Co 9,761 3,128
O'Connell Coal & Coke Co... 9,275 5,750
Percy Mining Co 8,500
Republic Iron & Steel Co.... 7,790 5,720
Bute Run Coal & Coke Co. . . 6,780 5,085
William Barton 5,105 218
John Snider and Sister 3,996
S. S. Smith & Co 2,498
Jacobs Creek Coal Co 750
Grand totals 8,585,876 4.954,126
The report shows that the coal not consumed in
the manufacture of coke amounted to 1,431,550
tons. The other statistics are: Number of coke
ovens, 12,276; number of employes inside, 7,722;
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
number of employes outside, 5,018; total of employes,
12,240; average number of days worked,
234.
The report of Henry Louttit, inspector of the
First bituminous district, shows a total production
of 9,328,393 tons. 'Ihe concerns producing
more than 100,000 tons are as follows:
Tons.
Monongahela River Con. Coal & Coke Co. 2,616,088
Vesta Coal Co 1,609,981
Pittsburgh Coal Co 1,403,615
James W. Ellsworth & Co 981,263
Schoenberger Gas Coal Co 370,000
Charleroi Coal Co 320,644
Hazel Kirk Gas Coal Co 308,973
Naomi Gas Coal Co 272,548
C. Jutte & Co 199,455
Lake Erie Gas Coal Co 193,765
Peoples Coal Co 180,378
Clyde Coal Co 168,330
Diamond Coal Co 147,000
Dunkirk Gas Coal Co 135,003
The report of Chauncey W. Boss, of the Second
bituminous district, shows that in his district,
which comprises parts of Westmoreland and Indiana
counties, nearly 8,500,000 tons of coal were
mined last year. Of the 79 mines in the district
77 were in operation during the year. The Keystone
Coal & Coke Co., was the biggest producer
in the district with 2,343,587 tons. The Jamison
Coal & Coke Co., came next with 1,261,632.
The total production in the Thirteenth district.
on the Monongahela and Youghiogheny rivers, was
7,269,735 tons. Of this the PittsDurgh Coal Co.
had 3,500,872 tons; Monongahela River Consolidated,
1,618,096 tons; United Coal Co., of Pittsburgh,
544,704 tons; Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co., 441,-
187 tons; Patterson & Robbins, 349,029; Blaine
Coal Co., 333.000; Mifflin Coal Co., 116,565; Youghiogheny
and Ohio Coal Co., 115,193.
Next in the volume of output was the Fourteenth
district, the Western portion of Westmoreland
county and that part of Allegheny county adjoining.
The total production was 7,171,198 tons.
The concerns producing 100,000 tons or more are:
Westmoreland Coal Co., 1,768,956; New York &
Cleveland Gas Coal Co., 1,498,136; Penn-Manor
Shaft Co., 492,100; Pittsburgh Coal Co., 455,087;
Penn Gas Coal Co.. 408,633; Manor Gas Coal Co..
341,466; Keystone Coal & Coke Co., 283,595; Pittsburgh
Plate Glass Co., 209,026; Pennsylvania Salt
Manufacturing Co.. 185.522; Leechburg Coal &
Coke Co.. 132,875; Osceola Coal Co., 130,494; State
Line Coal Co.. 121,757; W. B. Skelly Coal Co., 102,-
318.
The Eleventh district, Fayette county, had a
production of 6,567,623 tons. Of this the output
of the H. C. Frick Coke Co. was 4,323.116 tons;
Hecla Coke Co., 638,522; Pittsburgh Coal Co., 462,-

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
443; W. J. Rainey, 279,858; Penn Gas Coal Co.,
234,737; Bessemer Coke Co., 157,086; Mt. Pleasant
Coke Co., 87,784; Penn Coke Co., 60,625.
In the Tenth district the production was 3,709,-
158 tons. The Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Co. had
777,649 tons; Altoona Coal & Coke Co., 294,526;
Coulter & Huff, 254,553; Rockhill Iron & Coal,
241,979; South Fork Co., 164.879; Puritan Co.,
162,368; Taylor & McCoy, 151,833; Carbon Co.,
114,742; W. H. Piper Co., 107,530.
In the Eighth district, Cambria county, the production
was 3,564,447 tons, and the output of the
leading producers was: Beech Creek Coal & Coke
Co., 600,001; Berwind-White Co., 415,146; Peale
& Co., 410,300; Morrisdale Coal Co., 360,583; Irish
Bros., 191,690; Moshannon Co., 179,816; Victoria
Coal Co., 136,585; Cambria Coal Co., 108,740; Corona
Coal & Coke Co., 93,356; G. W. Whitehead Coal
Co., 69,280; W. A. Gould & Bro., 61,788; Henrietta
Coal Co., 50,706.
The report of Mine Inspector D. J. Williams,
of the Fourth anthracite district shows that a
total of 5,294,265 tons were mined in this district,
involving 34 fatal and 71 non-fatal accidents. The
accidents fatal and non-fatal are largely attributable
to falls of roof. The production of coal for
the various mines in the district is computed by
Mr. Williams in the following table:
Tons.
D. L. & W. R. R. Co 3,294,595
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 569,927
Jermyn & Co 347,969
Penn. Coal Co 327,893
D. & H. Co 319,829
Elliott, McClure & Co 131,565
Wm. Connell & Co 122,468
Austin Coal Co 63,347
Gibbons Coal Co 25,505
Brookside Coal Co 41,154
Total 5,294,252
The number of tons produced per fatal accident
inside was 165,445. The number of mines operated
in the district is 41.
Mine Inspector Prytherch, of the Third anthracite
district, reports that the total production in
his district during 1904 was 4,380,324 tons, with
36 fatal accidents and 84 non-fatal accidents. The
report states that the large percentage of deaths
was due to the careless manner in which the
miners observed the rules for preventing these
accidents. It points out that the law provides
regulations which are so simple that with a little
care and attention to the warnings given from day
to day there would be much greater safety.
The output of other anthracite districts was
as fo..ows: Second district, P. J. Moore inspector,
total production, 3,600,194 tons. Companies producing
more than 100,000 tons:
Tons.
Delaware & Hudson Co 1,692,261
Pennsylvania Coal Co 458,729
Sterrick Creek Coal Co 333,251
Dolph Coal Co 251,280
Price Pancoast Coal Co 205,183
Hillside Coal & Iron co • 177,195
Moosic Mt. Coal Co 141,377
Mt. Jessup Coal Co 134,573
Edgerton Coal Co 103.659
Ninth district, David J. Roderick inspector, 6,-
671,900 tons. Companies producing more than
100,000 tons: Tong
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co 1,229,126
G. B. Markle & Co 1,078,050
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 988,338
Coxe Bros. & Co., Inc 945,176
A. Pardee & Co 499,614
Pardee Bros. & Co 499,853
Estate A. S. Van Wic-Kle 385,980
C. Pardee & Co 354,830
Upper Lehigh Coal Co 279,738
C. M. Dodson & Co 215,941
J. S. Wentz & Co 128,189
Tenth district, William Stein inspector, 3,512,-
325 tons. Companies producing more than 100,000
tons:
Tons.
Philadelphia & Reading C. & I. Co 2,030,907
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 654,292
Susquehanna Coal Co 198,050
Brook wood Coal Co. (washery included) 125,383
Thomas Coal Co 105,167
W. R. McTurk & Co 101,553
Eleventh district, P. C. Fenton inspector, 3,303,-
673 tons. Companies producing more than 100,000
tons:
Tons.
Philadelphia & Reading C. & I. Co 2,645,025
Lentz & Co 353,067
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 185,313
Twelfth district, M. J. Brennan inspector, 3,-
498,389 tons. Companies producing more than
100,000 tons:
Tons.
Philadephia & Reading C. & I. Co 1,762,274
Saint Clair Coal Co 426,402
Lytle Coal Co 344,820
Pine Hill Coal Co 220,826
Buck Run Co 198,146
Oak Hill Co 115,619
Thirteenth district, John Curran inspector, 2,-
640,384 tons. Companies producing more than
100,000 tons: „,
Tons.
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co 778,522
Philadelphia & Reading C. & I. Co 431,834
Mill Creek Coal Co 425,636
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co 419,201
Coxe Bros. & Co., Inc 235,191

BRITISH COAL SUPPLIES REPORT.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The effect of the final report of the British Royal
Commission on coal supplies, which was recently
issued, is that the United Kingdom is in no immediate
danger of a coal famine. The document propounds
a paradox, for though the commission of
1811 estimated the coal resources of the country
then available at 90,207,285,398 tons, the present
commission is confident that the available quantity
in the proved coal fields is 100,914,668,167 tons,
or 10,707,382,769 tons in excess of the store of
coal which was available 34 years ago. Yet in
the period from January 1, 1870, to December 31,
1903, 5,694,9z8,507 tons of coal were extracted,
and in spite of that the British Isles have more
coal than ever they had. The mystery of the
widow's cruse seems to be outdone, but it is explained
that the excess is accounted for by the
difference in the areas regarded as productive by
the two commissions, and by discoveries due to
recent sinkings and workings, and to more accurate
knowledge. The commission finds that the
depth of workings is increasing, though the deepest
collieries are in other countries. The greatest
depth is attained at Pendleton, in Lancashire,
about 3,000 feet below the surface, or more than
half a mile down; and it is declared that no insuperable
mechanical or engineering difficulty exists
in deep mining, nor is it necessarily unhealthy,
in spite of increasing temperature, if the
ventilation be brisk and the air dry. At Pendleton
it is now found just as comfortable to work
at 93Va degrees in the deeper levels as it was at
82 degrees formerly. The limit of deep mining is
the limit of cost, and the commission assumes that
4,000 feet is the extmeme possible depth in mining
and that a width of twelve inches is the limit.
below which seams cannot be profitably worked.
Of the coal available above that level no less than
79.3 per cent, is in seams of two feet thick and
upwards, and 91.6 per cent, in seams of more
than eighteen inches.
It is further estimated that below a depth of
4,000 feet there are seams in Great Britain containing
5,239,433,980 tons of coal, though the commissioners
express no opinion as to whether it is
workable. There are also large "unproved" coal
fields, the supply from which is speculative; they
are outside the area dealt with, and it is estimated
that at depths less than 4,000 feet they contain
39,483,000,000 tons. This includes the undersea
area lying between five and twelve miles beyond
high-water mark in the Cumberland coal
field estimated to contain 854,000,000 tons, and
those areas undersea in St. Bride's and Carmarthen
Bay with 383,000,000 tons.
Having regard to these conclusions the commissioners
seem to have no anxiety as to the
future coal supply. Indeed, they estimate that.
:;i
although the output of the British coal fields has
grown rapidly until it has reached 230,000,000 tons,
the rate of increase in the output will shortly tend
to diminish owing to natural causes; then they
believe there will be a stationary period, finally a
gradual decline in the rate of increase. Holding
this opinion they declare against the coal tax,
saying "it is self-evident that the export duty
which came into force in the early part of the
year 1901 must affect our competitive power (i. e.,
in the international coal trade), and must have an
influence on the exportation of coal." They add:
ihere seems no present necessity to restrict artificially
the export of coal in order to conserve
it for our home supply." The witnesses all believed
that export of coal must be maintained, and
that it is essential to commerce.
The decline in the ratio of the output is to be
obtained by possible economies which are discussed
at length. A great deal of coal is wasted,
being left in the mines as roof supports or barriers,
or because it is unsalable owing to its
broken condition. But coke ovens fitted for the
recovery of by-products and factories for the manufacture
of briquettes or "patent fuel" are extending
the utilization of inferior coal; and developments
in the production of power gas tend in the
same direction. Central pumping stations also
make for economy, and the work under the South
Staffordshire mines drainage act has made available
a large quantity of small coal which might
otherwise have been lost. Coal cutting machinery
is also valuable in enabling thin seams to be
worked profitably, and whereas in 1900 there
were only 311 such machines at work in British
pits, there were in 1903, 643 at work in 225 collieries,
with an output of 5,245,578 tons. They
yield a larger percentage of coal than hand labor,
and it is in better condition and shows less waste.
If all engines were as efficient as the best only
half the quantity of coal now required for steam
Raising would be used. If gas engines were
used instead of steam the 52.000,000 tons annually
required for steam raising would be reduced to
11,000,000 tons. The utilization of inferior fuel
for power gas generation, the employment of blast
furnace gases for a similar purpose, the improvement
of methods of domestic heating, whereby a
consumption of o2,000,000 tons might be reduced to
half, and other economies towards which the
country is tending, will enable it to husband still
further its enormous resources and put the dread
of a coal famine out of mind.
The laboratory of the mechanical engineering
department of the University of Tennessee has
been equipped with a Cameron regular boiler feed
pump.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WALKING DELEGATE AT POKER.
James Zelink, an organizer in the service of the
United Mine Workers until recently, has been
arrested at Boswell, Pa., on charges of defrauding
boarding house keepers and passing worthless
checks. Zelink was sent to Connellsville last May
as an organizer of the United Mine Workers of
America. He says that during his stay in Connellsville
he succeeded in converting a large number
of the non-union miners and established several
local unions. About four months ago, Zelink
says, he got a touch of sporting fever and was induced
to take a hand in the fascinating game of
poker. A well known poker shark presented to
him a scheme to make money faster than it is
turned out of the United States mints. He had a
"greenhorn" with $700 and told Zelink that with
his assistance it would be an easy matter to secure
the roll. Zelink says he took to the scheme
and a game was arranged for the same day in his
room. Zelink dropped $50 in a few minutes. He
raised $o0 more by making a loan from a friend.
This went the same way as another $50 Zelink
raised on his diamond stud. For four months
after that day, Zelink says he played daily, and
nearly every cent, of his salary of $165 per month
went over the green cloth. The annual statement
published by the United Mine Workers of America
for the year ending January 1, 190;J, shows that
Zelink received $1,972.20 last year.
THE INDIANA COAL TRADE.
Regarding the condition of tne Indiana coal
trade, Jacob C. Kolsom, president of the Indiana
Operators' Association, says: "Not in 15 years has
coal been sold at the mines in Indiana at as low
price as at present. There is no agreed price at
the mines. Every operator is offering coal just
a shade lower to make a sale from week to week."
Inquiry among mine operators shows that coal is
selling from 50 to 60 cents less a ton than last
April. Coal has been sold below cost in several
instances. What is true of the bituminous coal
has been true of block. The older operators look
for liquidation in the mining industry. It is predicted
that with the completion of the yearly contracts
in April some of the new operators will go
out of the business.
Prussia To Buy Hibernia Coal Mines.
The upper house of the Prussian diet has
adopted the bill for state purchase of the Hibernia
coal mines. The minister of commerce announced
that he and the finance minister were thoroughly
opposed to any general nationalization of coal
mines, but that the nationalization of the Hibernia
mines was necessary in order to give the government
power over the coal syndicate.
THE FREEPORT VEIN.
Director Charles D. Walcott, of the geological
survey, throws some important light on the character
of a vein of coal located about 500 feet below
the Pittsburgh coal and which has attracted considerable
attention in Washington county, Pa.
Mr. Walcott says that although it is generally inferior
to the Pittsburgh coal, in some localities
it can be profitably worked. His report says:
"The coal referred to is undoubtedly what is
known as the Upper Freeport. In oil and gas
wells in Washington county it is the principal coal
noted by the drillers below the Pittsburgh bed,
and occurs at an average depth of 650 feet below
the Pittsburgh vein. This interval, however,
varies from 600 to 700 feet in the Amity quadrangle.
The one other coal in this interval has
been noted in a few wells only, and occasionally
reaches a thickness of three feet, but is believed
to be of little or no economic value.
"On account of its great depth we have at present
no means of knowing the quality of the coal
beneath Amwell township. The nearest outcrops
are in the valley of the Youghiogheny river and
Jacobs creek, five to eight miles Northeast of
Connellsville. Where known in that region the
Upper Freeport varies in thickness from three to
seven feet and it is often a good workable coal.
It contains, however, considerably more sulphur
than the Pittsburgh bed. In the vicinity of Amwell
township little is known regarding thickness.
The few well records which give the coal at all,
report it from three to ten feet thick, and the
figures cannot be regarded as at all reliable.
There is little doubt that the Freeport coal in
Washington county contains valuable fuel supplies
which will be utilized when the more accessible
Pittsburgh seam becomes exhausted."
MINERS' CO-OPERATIVE STORES.
As a result of President Mitchell's recommendation
that co-operative stores be opened wherever
possible and operated upon the Rochdale system,
which has proved so successful throughout England.
The Coaldale, Pa., local of the United Mine
Workers will soon make the initial move in that
direction. The stock for the establishment of the
store will be divided up among the miners, and
will be non-assessable. The store will have a
manager, who will be under the control of a board
of directors elected by the stockholders. It is
expected that a dozen of these stores will be
started in the Southern coal field during the coming
summer. One of the principal objects of the
union will be to establish one of these stores wherever
there is a company store in operation, for the
announced purpose of driving that concern out of
business.

JONES CBt, ADAMS CO. ABSORBED
BY THE PITTSBURGH COAL CO.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has absorbed the Jones
& Adams Co., of Chicago, owning extensive docks
on Lake Superior, a large retail coal business at
St. Paul and Minneapolis and a wholesale coal
business at Chicago and the head of the lakes.
The Jones & Adams Co. was formed in 1898 and
is capitalized at $500,000. Its docks at Ashland
and Superior, Wis., and at Duluth, Minn., have
a storage capacity of 300,000 tons and an annual
handling capacity of 600,000 tons. It has been
doing a big lake trade as well as a very large
wholesale shipping trade at Chicago. Through its
purchase the Pittsburgh Coal Co., and its subsidiary
companies, now control nearly all of the coal
shipping on Lake Superior. Outside of the anthracite
companies having docks at Superior and
Duluth, the Boston Coal, Dock & Wharf Co. and
the North Western Fuel Co., the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. has acquired practically all the dockage facilities
on that body of water.
Permanent officers of the Jones & Adams Co.
have not been elected, but temporary officers are
in charge of the business. It is expected that
the permanent officers will be elected at the annual
meeting to be held about April 1. Like the
other subsidiary corporations of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. the Jones & Adams Co. will continue to
maintain a separate corporate identity.
J. S. Jones and H. C. Adams, the former owners
of the Jones & Adams Co., have formed a new
company for the conduct of a general coal business.
It will be known as Jones & Adams and
will have offices in the Old Colony building in
Chicago.
AN IOWA WAGE AGREEMENT SIGNED.
As a result of a meeting of the coal operators
and miners of Appanoose county, la., and Putnam
county, Mo., held at Cincinnati, la., on February
18, one of the most important wage agreements
of the year in that district was signed. The operators'
proposition to pay 88 cents per ton for digging
the coal was submitted to the local unions
affected and was adopted by a majority vote of
all concerned. The new mining rate became
effective February 16 and will continue in force
until the present Iowa wage agreement expires,
April 1, 1906. This is one of the most important
events of the year in the Iowa district for the
reason that this matter has been a source of contention
in all the scale conventions since the
joint movement was organized in the state.. The
miners reduced the mining rate on the Iowa side
of the state line 1.3 cents per ton. while in Missouri
they received an advance of one and a quar­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
ter cents a ton over the rate adopted at Des
Moines last year. This rate was not accepted,
however, and caused some trouble in that part of
the district. The average price paid in Missouri
has been 88.1 cents per ton, so that practically the
miners of both states made concessions.
TO PREVENT SHORT WEIGHTS.
The legislative committee of the Retail Coal
Dealers' Association of Iowa and Nebraska and
a committee representing the wholesale shipping
interests of Omaha held a conference on February
21 and 22 at Chicago with a committee representing
the traffic departments of the Western trunk
line roads for the purpose of considering the
short weight evil. The coal men suggested the
adoption of a set of rules on the part of Western
rail lines, which it is believed will prove a corrective
measure with reference to short weight eoal.
These rules are under consideration by the rail
lines, and at a meeting to be held later it is believed
they will be adopted.
Nearly a year ago the Coal Dealers' Association
of Iowa and Nebraska, through its representatives,
held several conferences in Chicago with the general
managers of the various railroads. As a result
of these confeneces rules were adopted by
the rail lines with reference to the weighing of
coal in transit, which, it was thought, would do
away with the short weight evil. After giving
these rules nearly a year's trial, it has been found
that through laxness in their enforcement and
through inaccuracy in weighing on the part of
various weighmasters, they have not accomplished
the purpose aimed at. Although the evil of short
weight coal has been corrected to some extent, it
has not been entirely removed and the coal men
are of the opinion that further progress ought to
be made. As a consequence they have suggested
to the traffic officials of the various rail lines in
their territory a new set of rules, which it is expected
will bring still greater reforms.
New Shipping Yard For The Reading.
The cramped condition of the Philadelphia &
Reading railway yard at Palo Alto, near Pottsville,
Pa., the central point for most of that corporation's
coal shipments for the last 50 years,
has led to the company's selecting in its stead a
level plateau at St. Clair, one mile in width, for
its future yard. Surveys and inspections have
already been made, and the removal of the yard
is a matter of the near future. Large repair
shops, with a plant for rebuilding locomotives, are
among the improvements to be installed, and employment
will be given to hundreds of additional
hands,

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ALABAMA MINE DISASTER.
At Virginia City. Ala., near Birmingham, an
explosion on February 20 caused the deaths of
about 120 miners—the exact number not being
definitely known—and the destruction of about
$100,000 worth of mine equipment and entry. The
disaster occurred in the mine of the Alabama
Steel & Wire Co. The cause of the explosion has
not been fully determined but it is probably that
coal dust and fire damp were jointly responsible.
The mine was noted for being exceptionally free
from gas. The force of the explosion was extra­
ordinary and the interior of the mine was so
badly wrecked that no bodies were recovered until
some 48 hours after the accident. At this writing
there are still from 40 to 50 bodies in the mine,
some of which probably will not be recovered for
a week or ten days. It is estimated that three
months' work will be necessary to make the mine
ready to operate again. The responsibility for
the accident has not been fixed.
Seek Damages From Gas Company.
Suit for $20,000 damages has been entered
against the Philadelphia Co. by Patterson & Robins,
Pittsburgh vein operators, in Mifflin and
Baldwin townships, who allege that the defendant
company has caused operations to cease in por­
tions of their mines by reason of laying a main for
carrying natural gas across their property. The
main, they allege, is a menace to the men employed
in the mine, and the mining inspectors
nave ordered further work in that portion of the
mine stopped. They aver that the main crosses
the mine at an angle and they are unable to re­
move props or to continue to mine coal.
New Ship Coaling System.
A new system of coaling ships has been invented
by John B. Honor, of New Orleans. It is
called the Honor elevator system and is designed
for the purpose of loading steamers from coal
barges running alongside. The coal is lifted by
means of a bucket into a hopper and transferred
from the hopper through a chute into
any desired bunker. It is expected to elevate,
trim and bunk 150 tons of coal per hour. The
cost of handling coal by wheel barrow is estimated
to be about five times the cost of handling it by the
Honor system.
British Mining Machinery Exports.
The exports of mining machinery from the LTni-
ted Kingdom during 1904 were valued at £873,221,
as compared with £781,773 in the previous year.
The value of the exports to South Africa was
£331,540, a decrease of £27,526 from the shipments
during 1903, but great increases were recorded in
exports to Europe, Australia, South America and
the East Indies, amounting to 60 and 76 per cent.
respectively in the cases of the first two men­
tioned continents. Shipments to the United States
decreased to £1,493, about one-half the value for
the preceding year. Imports during 1904 were
valued at £29,116 as compared with £54,302 in the
previous year.
Open Air Anthracite Mining.
Open air mining of aninracite coal on the larg­
est scale ever known in Pennsylvania is to be
started in Schuylkill by the St. Clair Coal Co., of
Scranton. This company will strip three million
cubic feet of earth, which will enable it to mine
enormous quantities of coal from the surface, a
novel condition for Schuylkill miners. Some of
the best veins in the anthracite region will be
tapped by these workings, and the fact that the
mining will all be done by daylight, will con­
siderably decrease the cost. The veins in this
section run close to tne surface. Two miles away
is the Pottsville shaft, where the Reading company
spent half a million dollars to sink a shaft
1,800 feet deep, and to find coal in profitable quan­
tities.
Castle Shannon Annual Meeting.
A reduction in the deficit of the Castle Shannon
railroad was accomplished by the management last
year. Since the Pittsburgh Coal Co. obtained
control of the road two years ago this deficit has
been reduced steadily. The total earnings of the
company amounted to $246,382, and of this amount
$142,344 was paid in wages to employes. The road
sold 129,264 tons of coal, earning $161,664. At the
annual meeting of stockholders the following directors
were elected: F. L. Robbins, John A. Bell,
A. H. Anderson, A. M. Neeper, W. H. Brunt, F. J.
LeMoyne, F. M. Wallace, W. R. Woodford, S. P.
Woodside, J. B. Hornberger and G. W. Schlueder­
berg. The former officers were re-elected, Mr.
:Robbins being president, Mr. Woodward Vicepresident,
Mr. LeMoyne secretary and Mr. Wallace
treasurer.
Large deposits of coal have been discovered in
the state of Santa Catharina, Brazil. The field is
said to extend over a length of more than 400
miles, and the coal is reported to be of a very
good quality. Keen interest is taken in this discovery
in Rio de Janeiro, which city imports every
year over 1,000,000 tons of coal from England. A
railroad is to be constructed to the port of Massiambu,
to connect with the coal field.

A lively contest for the election of a national
executive board member for Pennsylvania District
No. 16, is promised at the annual convention which
will be held this month. The district, which comprises
the Meyersdale and George's Creek regions,
has been represented for several years by Mark M.
Smith, of the Meyersdale region, and at each election
he has had a hard fight to hold his place.
Last year he was elected by but two majority.
This year the fight against him will be renewed.
'there are several candidates in the field and the
opposition to Smith will endeavor to concentrate
on one man.
• • •
Thomas Elliott, of Freeland, Pa., is the king of
anthracite coal miners. His net earnings for the
year past amounted to $4,000. He has always
worked as a gangway miner, and during the year
he has opened 1,000 yards of gangway and sent
over 4,000 cars of coal to the breaker. This would
yield over 14,000 tons of clean coal. Elliott has
spent thirteen years at this work, and has the
business down to a science. He has driven more
miles of gangway and earned more money than
any other miner in America.
* * *
The miners of sub-district No. 5, Eastern Ohio.
who held their convention last week, elected the
following officers: President, William H. Werker.
Mineral City; vice-president, A. R. Watkins, Yorkville;
secretary and treasurer, Lee Rankin, Pine
Valley; executive board. North End, Alexander
Stern, Barn Hill; South End. James Briggs.
Guenther. The district shows 16 new locals and
the membership has increased from 10,450 to
12.279. The treasury holds a balance of $5,000.
* * *
The threatened strike at the Exeter colliery at
Pittston has collapsed. All the men are at work,
although the company owning the mine has made
no concessions from the stand taken, that owing
to the dangerous character of the workings the
miners should remain below with the laborers until
all the coal cut was loaded into the cars. This
regulation is peculiar to this particular mine, and
has not been sought to be enforced in any other
colliery in the anthracite region.
• • *
The Dietz, Wyo., local union No. 2312. U. M. W.
of A., at its meeting on February 7, passed without
dissent a resolution expelling Robert Randall
who made a sensational attack on John Mitchell at
the recent Indianapolis convention of the mine
workers' organization. repudiating Randall's
charge that President Mitchell had "sold out" the
striking Colorado miners, and asserting the union's
confidence in Mr. Mitchell's ability and integrity.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
A delegation of miners and coke workers from
the Edenborn mine, of the United States Steel
Corporation, Fayette county, asked the United
Mine Workers' district officials to interest themselves
in settling a strike that began on February
17. About 600 men are idle and are not organized.
The strike was called to reduce the working
hours from 10 to 9 a day.
• • •
A special meeting of the Western Kentucky Coal
Operators' Association was held at Louisville on
February 21 to discuss questions which will come
up at the conference between the operators and
operatives. The miners of the Western district
of Kentucky will hold their annual convention
beginning March 7.
• * *
Superintendent Gillespie, of the Scottdale furnace,
has announced a voluntary increase in wages
of 10 cents a day for employes. The Scottdale
furnace is operated by Corrigan, McKinley & Co.,
of Cleveland, and employs 400 men. The new
wage rate is to go into effect in March.
* * *
The miners of the Provident Coal Co.. whose
mines are located in Belmont county, O., returned
to work on February 16 after a two-day strike
based on a difference of opinion as to measuring
the yardage of the entries. The strike affected
about seventy men.
» * *
Colored men are taking the places of foreign
laborers in the steel plants in and around South
Chicago. Employers find that as they are able to
understand instructions of their foremen more
easily than the foreigners, they are not so likely
to cause accidents.
* * *
About 200 miners, employed at the Bird Eye
coal mines, near Jellico, Tenn., are out on strike.
The question at issue is the alleged refusal of
the Louisville Property Co., operating the mines,
to extend recognition to the miners' union.
• • •
State Mine Inspector George Harrison, of Ohio,
has sent out warning notices that shippers of inferior
lard and cotton seed oils for use in mines
will be prosecuted hereafter whenever their product
fails to meet the legal test.
• • *
Two hundred miners, marching in their mining
clothes and torch caps, will be a feature of the
inaugural parade at Washington. March 4. The
miners will be anthracite men and will represent
Districts 1, 7 and 9.
* * *
E. S. McCullough, of Michigan, and William
Morgan, of Ohio, have returned to the Meyersdale
field and resumed charge of the miners' organization
forces.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PITTSBURGH HEARING ON REBATES.
Judge Judson C. Clements of the Interstate Commerce
Commission began an inquiry on February
16 into the question of rebates on industrial and
terminal railroads of the Pittsburgh district.
Judge Clements heard five witnesses in a complaint
against the West Side Belt railroad, but
was compelled to postpone the hearing because of
the delay in arriving of C. F. Hartwell, a coal
operator of Buffalo, who last August preferred the
charges. Mr. Hartwell declined to testify on the
ground that he had not heard the position of the
railroads, but stated that he would probably appear
with other coal operators at the next session
which Judge Clements announced would be held
early, in the spring. The five witnesses heard
were traffic officials of the Pittsburgh district, all
of whom testified that the West Side Belt charges
were fair and equitable and that they were not
aware of the existence of local rebates.
THE MAINE COAL FIASCO.
Until a report was issued recently by the United
States geological survey there were thousands of
Maine farmers who expected to find the rocky hills
back of their homes filled with high-grade anthracite.
Two years ago the Maine legislature was
asked to give $10,000 toward searching the seams
in Washington county rocks for coal. Though the
money was not granted, the agitation led to renewed
efforts. The boards of trade in the cities
and villages took up the quest, and the tidings
spread to Washington and reached the geological
survey.
Last summer David White was sent to Maine
with instructions to search the state. The mine in
the town of Perry, where borings more than 800
feet deep had been made, turned out to be black
slate, useful in making stone walls, but of no commercial
value. The outcropping in Westfield was
indurated graphite, too hard for use in making
pencils or for stove blacking, but handy for hurling
at stray cattle. The mine opened near Gardiner
contained pure hornblende, which would have
been valuable years ago when flintlock guns were
in use.
The only spot in Maine where real coal was
found was in the town of Greenfield, where a rock
pocket holding nearly a bushel of anthracite had
been unearthed on a side hill among some mica
scu.st ledges. Geologist White admitted that coal
had been discovered at last, though the rock formation
in which it was placed was some ages older
than any ledge in which coal had been discovered
previously. It was not only immensely older than
any coal formations, but it was so aged that no evidence
of life, either animal or vegetable, was dis­
cernible. Geologically speaking, the Maine coal
mine was in the middle of the azoic period, milleniums
before any life had come upon earth.
It was so remarkable a find that Mr. White made
further investigation. He discovered that forest
fires swept over the lands of Greenland in June,
1902, burning everything down to hard pan.
About six rods away from the coal pocket a Bangor
merchant had erected a small camp for his
accommodation while hunting. The fire had licked
up the camp even to the sills and piazza, leaving
nothing but nails and ashes, but the fire had not
extended to the rocky pocket in the side hill where
the Bangor man had stored the coal he used in
broiling venison steaks. So the report states that
the only coal mine discovered in Maine was filled
with a fine quality of anthracite containing 94
per cent, of carbon, but that every ounce of it had
been mined in the Reading district of Pennsylvania.
SHIPPING CONTRACT MADE.
A contract has been made between the Pittsburgh
Terminal Railroad & Coal Co. and the
Pittsburgh Coal Co.. providing for the operation
by the Coal company of the mines of the Terminal
company (all of whose stock is owned by the
latter company), upon terms which include the
payment of a license tax by the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. of $350,000 a year, being equal to the amount
of fixed charges upon the entire authorized bonded
indebtedness of the Pittsburgh Terminal Railroad
& Coal Co., and a royalty of eight cents per ton
on the coal mined under the agreement, which is
to be applied as provided in the sinking fund provision
of the mortgage of the Pittsburgh Terminal
Railroad & Coal Co. The agreement also provides
for the payment of all taxes and insurance
by the Pittsburgh Coal Co. In further consideration
of the right granted, the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
agrees to ship over the lines of the Wabash-Pittsburgh
Terminal Railroad Co. and its connections.
a minimum amount of 4.000,000 tons of coal annually
from the mines operated by the Pittsburgh
Coal Co., which company mined during the last
year in the neighborhood of 14,000,000 tons of
coal, and this minimum to be increased proportionately
as the total annual output of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. increases beyond the amount of
14,000.000 tons.
The New York and Cleveland Gas Coal Co. has
made arrangements to open several mines on the
Ringer farm, along the proposed extension of the
Turtle Creek Valley railroad. When the mines
are opened the railroad will be extended to a
point one-half mile West of Delmont.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
MMMIIIIHItTIIMTITfUIMMIMMIinTTTfTmTffllllimilMHHHIIIIimTMIiyTTIIMlim
The continuance of severe cold throughout the
country has been sharply reflected in the general
coal market. In many sections the large stocks
which kept trade in a stagnant condition throughout
the previous portion of the winter were so
nearly consumed that dealers became alarmed and
advanced prices. In others, particularly the
trans-Mississippi and Southwestern sections the
supplies were wholly absorbed and famine conditions
prevailed for several days. In the Western
soft coal trade, the conditions, while acting as a
general stimulant, were not such as to be profitable
to either producers or dealers owing to the
vastly increased expense both in mining and
handling. The Chicago market showed the greatest
activity of the year and there were advances
in domestic coals all along the line. For several
days the railroads were able to get practically no
coal into the city and dealers were beginning to
be worried when milder weather set in and allowed
a free movement. Throughout Iowa, Kansas,
Nebraska, Missouri and adjacent states, similar
transportation conditions prevailed and in
many places the small stocks were quickly wiped
out with the result that there were complete
famines for varying periods. The Southern states
suffered from the same conditions, the supplies in
Tennessee and Alabama and at New Orleans being
such as to barely tide dealers over from day to
day. Production was seriously handicapped in
the Tennessee and Alabama regions by the severe
weather and slight advances in prices were noted.
In the Northern West Virginia field the car supply
was almost a cypher and the mines were idle
for the most part for nearly a fortnight. In the
districts shipping to tidewater a similar condition
of affairs prevailed. Rail and water transportation
in the Pittsburgh district were worse than
at any time during the year and many of the
large iron and steel industries of the district
were on short supply for several days, which resulted
in a temporary stiffening of prices. The
majority of the Monongahela river mines were
idle owing to the inability to place craft for loading,
on account of the ice. No movements of
river coal were attempted, the owners of craft
being fully occupied with measures to safeguard
property in danger. For some time a very large
number of steamboats and both loaded and empty
carrying craft, as well as stationary river property,
between Cincinnati and Northern points in
the Ohio valley, was in imminent danger of destruction
from heavy ice gorges, some of which
extended for thirty or forty miles. Fortunately,
however, a higher temperature unaccompanied by
sufficient rainfall to carry off the accumulations,
rotted the ice until the greater part of its destructive
power was broken. With the return of
milder weather a free movement of eoal throughout
the district was inaugurated the car supply
showing a marked improvement. Run-of-mine is
at the old quotation of $1.05@$1.10.
Coke continues in active demand, prices remaining
firm. The Southern producers, the majority
of whom consume their own output, are
straining every nerve to meet their needs. In
the Connellsville regions there has been a falling
off both in production and shipment owing to
bad weather, but the figures for the former are
still well above the 300,000-ton mark. Spot furnace
is quoted at $2.50 to $2.00 and for the last
half at $2.35 to $2.40. First-class foundry is
worth $3.00 to $3.50.
Bituminous trade on the Atlantic seaboard is
still in a chaotic condition. Rail transportation
continues unsatisfactory while the movement of
coal by water is at a standstill in many places.
The entrance to the Sound at Whitestone presents
great difficulties, and boats have been held
there for several days at a time. Prices have
advanced, the quotations, f. o. b. harbor shipping
points being $3 for ordinary, and $3.15 and upward
for better grades. The condition of the ice is
improving with the warmer weather. Trade in
the far East shows fair demand, but the delivery
of orders is greatly delayed in the hands of shippers,
as the captains of even large vessels prefer
to stay in harbors, rather than to risk meeting the
ice. The East, however, was well prepared to
withhold the giving of orders, and has not felt the
curtailment of its receipts during this present
siege, as might have been expected. The Sound
ports are taking a good amount of coal, but under
great difficulties, owing to the congestion at the
receiving points. Tows report that they have encountered
ice, all the way from Whitestone, and
Throgg's Neck to New London. Trade in New
York harbor is calling for large amounts of coal.
but the great difficulty is met in drawing it from
the shipping points. All-rail trade shows a strong
demand and high prices. Transportation from
mines to tide has been fairly good, the slight
irregularities being readily accounted for under
present conditions. Car supply continues to be
short, not more than one-quarter of the requirements
being met, and in some cases not more than
one-eighth.

.38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The anthracite market continues steady with
prices unchanged, except at a few Western points
where weather conditions and short supplies have
warranted small advances. Difficulties in delivery
were extended by the cold weather to the producing
ends of the railroads, all roads having
suffered severely in shipments from their mines.
The Lehigh Valley was forced to close down for
several days. Movements at New York harbor
continue as difficult as ever, although milder
weather gives reason to hope for an early improvement.
Shipments to Boston take the outside
course round Sandy Hook, as the sound
passage is both dangerous and uncertain on account
of the packed ice.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
the British coal market unchanged. Quotations
are as follows: Best Welsh steam coal, $3.66;
seconds, $3.48; thirds, $3.42; dry coals, $3.36; best
Monmouthshire, $3.30; seconds, $3.12; best small
steam coal, $2.40; seconds, $2.16; other sorts, $1.92.
INDUSTRIAL NOTES.
The contract for the compressed air power plant
to be used in driving the second pair of trolley
tunnels under the Hudson river, has been awarded
to the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. i ne order includes
five duplex air compressors. Three are
low pressure class "H" machines with steam cylinders
14 and 28 inches in diameter, air cylinders
22% inches in diameter and 16 inch stroke, with
a maximum air pressure of 50 pounds per square
inch and a capacity of 1,850 cubic feet of free air
per minute each. The other two are class "HC"
machines for high pressure, with steam cylinders
14 and 28 inches in diameter, air cylinder 24V4 and
14V4 inches in diameter and 16 inch stroke, with
a maximum pressure of 125 pounds per square
inch and a combined capacity of 2,000 cubic feet
of free air per minute. This makes 38 Ingersoll-
Sergeant air compressors with a total capacity of
117,234 cubic feet of free air per minute, now
used in building the various tunnels under the
Hudson and East rivers.
ooo
"Compressed Facts About Compressed Air," is
the title of a booklet from the Clayton air compressor
works, of New York, giving a resume of
the points to be considered in buying an air compressor
of medium capacity. Chapters are devoted
to the following topics: "Economy of Compressed
Air," Features of a Money-Saving Air
Compressor," How these Features are Combined in
a Good and Medium Priced Machine," "Method of
Driving Air Compressors," and "Some of the Uses
of Compressed Air," Under the last mentioned
heading are enumerated 139 distinct applications
of compressed air and the list is by no means exhaustive.
Illustrations showing some type of
compressor or part thereof are presented on every
page.
'.[ o o o
The Empire Coal Mining Co. is distributing a
particularly attractive and useful calendar which
may also be used for a diary or journal, space for
considerable memoranda being provided with each
date. It is bound in neatly ornamented black
Morocco and the pages, each of which forms a
weekly period, may be detached or permitted to
remain as desired. It is a welcome addition to
any desk equipment.
Plans contemplating the expenditure of $1,000,-
000 in improving its properties in Alabama this
year, have been formulated by the Tennessee Coal
& Iron Railroad Co. Of this amount it is intended
that $200,000 shall be spent in developing its coal
interests, a like sum in developing its furnaces
and the balance be devoted to enlarging and improving
its steel plant.
The Peabody Coal Co.. of Chicago, has certified
to an increase of capital stock from $120,000 to
$2,500,000, and has taken over the following companies:
Busse-Reynolds Coal Co., Southern Illinois
Coal Mining & Washing Co., Marion District
Coal Association, Brazil Coal Co., City Fuel Co..
Evanston Elevator & Coal Co., Brignall Brothers
Coal Co., of Evanston, and Job's Ohio Hocking Coal
Co.
John R. Carothers, of LTni0ntown, Pa., has
bought the Hughes Deffenbaugh farm, near Mc-
Clellandtown, the consideration being about $75,-
000. The property includes about 100 acres of
surface and 50 acres of coal. Coke ovens will be
erected and the work of developing will begin in
the early spring.
Colonist Tickets to the West and Southwest
via Pennsylvania Lines.
February 21st and March 21st, special one-way
second-class colonist tickets will be sold to points
in the West and Southwest Territory via Pennsylvania
Lines. For full particulars regarding
fares, time of trains, etc., call on nearest Ticket
Agent of those lines.
J. K. DILLON,
District Passenger Agent,
515 Park Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.

i COAL TRADE CASUALTIES.
Fire, caused by sparks from an engine, destroyed
the coal tipple adjoining the roundhouse
of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad, near East
Liverpool, 0., on February 17. Several cars were
also destroyed; loss, $25,000. i
—x—
By an explosion in shaft No. 1, of the United
States Coal & Coke Co., near Bluefield, W. Va.,
on February 26, twenty-three miners lost their
lives, and the mine property was badly damaged.
The cause of the explosion has not been determined.
—x—
Heavy damage has been caused by fire in the
Sumpter mines of the Tennessee Coal, Iron &
Railroad Co., in the Blue Creek region near Blocton,
Ala. All efforts to extinguish the flames have
so far been ineffectual.
—x—
The Erie coal pocket and sandhouse, at Port
Jervis, N. Y., together with 500 bushels of coal
and a number of cars, were destroyed by fire recently,
involving a loss of $100,000.
—x—
Five men were killed and considerable damage
done to mining property by a boiler explosion at
the plant of the Providence Coal Co., near St.
Clairsville. O., on February 20.
—x—
Fire, supposedly of incendiary origin, destroyed
the company store of the Pittsburgh & Baltimore
Coal Co., at its Edna No. 1 plant; loss is $8,000.
—x—
The steamer Big Kanawha was sunk and the
steamer Tacoma badly damaged by ice in the
Ohio river at Maysville, Ky., on Febuary 24.
Nationalization of The Prussian Mines.
The movement in Prussia to nationalize the
business of coal mining in Rhenish Westphalia
and Silesia is interesting as the first step in this
direction. The government has been assured that
to capitalize the mines on which Prussia depends
and make them government property would present
no financial difficulties, and that the $250,-
000,000, more or less, which may be needed for
this purpose can be had at once at very low interest,
since the security underlying bonds of this
character would be the best known. Whether the
government has any serious purpose of taking
over the coal mines or is merely putting itself
in a position to show the mine owners and the
miners what it could do if the necessity for action
in the public interest should arise, probably will
not be known until it acts.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
Holland has set a fine example of fidelity to
treaty obligations. Instead of waiting for the
Japs or the Russians to pounce on the contraband
coal the ships under Dutch registration are carrying,
it is employing its own naval vessels to
run them down after which the coal is confiscated
for use in the Dutch East Indies.
— o —
The Russian news censors evidently had an
inning with the preliminary report of the finding
of the North sea commission, inasmuch as they
declared the Russian position to have been sustained.
But like the Eastern war news, when
the real facts got out, the result proved just the
opposite of the first announcement.
—o—
The failures of the killing amendments to the
rivers and harbors bill, offered in the House of
Representatives by the enemies of the measure,
were by such decisive margins that the resistance
did not rise to the dignity of opposition.
— o —
A British commission on availahle coal supply
finds that the tight little island has several hundred
million tons more in sight than the reports
show that it had a quarter of a century ago.
The Blue Creek Properties.
Former Mine Inspector Roderick has completed
a report of the properties of the Blue Creek Coal
& Land Co. in West Virginia, which is controlled
by Scranton capitalists. The company owns 3,507
acres in fee simple, 11,589 in coal rights, and 2,071
in mineral rights. There are five veins of coal,
estimated to contain over 500,000,000 tons of coal.
It is not proposed by the company owning these
interests to operate its own coal lands, but to
lease its rights. For this purpose several companies
are being organized at Scranton which will
secure leases from the owners and will sink shafts
as soon as arrangements can be made. There is
room, it is stated, for 40 leaseholds, each producing
an average of 500 tons a day, and applications
have been made for leases for the majority
of these.
A new coal road to connect with the Pennsylvania
railroad will be built at once from Altoona
to Ormsbury, the latter place in Cambria county.
The new road is to be known as the Kittanning
Run railroad, and is capitalized at $100,000, the
stock being owned by Altoona capitalists. The
road will be 15 miles long and will tap new coal
territory. The connection with the Pennsylvania
will be at Altoona.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Chestnut Hill Sand & Coal Co., Moundsville, W.
Va.; capital, $100,000; incorporators, M. F. Deegan,
Charles Schad, Robert Newton, James Farmer,
A. D. Schad, Philip Markey, Charles L.
Spenger, Benwood, W. Va.; Charles A. Bowers,
Charles H. Ray, Wheeling, and A. M. Lewis,
Moundsville, W. Va.
Zion Coal Co., Owensburg, Ky.; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, B. H. Poindexter, Benjamin Hulsey
and others.
— 1 —
Bosworth Coal Co., Middlesboro, Ky.; capital,
$100,000.
FACTS REGARDING FOREIGN COAL.
In 1904, the United Kingdom exported coal to
the value of nearly $62,000,000.
Kennedy Coal & Coke Co., Johnstown, Pa.; capi­
Coal at Rio de Janeiro costs between $10 and
tal, $1,000,000; incorporators, George G. Glenn,
$12 per ton. One mil.ion tons are imported every
David Ott, George W. Reese, S. H. Cauffiel, Johns­
year, almost entirely from the United Kingdom.
town; H. H. Light. Lebanon; J. Blair Kennedy,
Philadelphia.
During the year 1904 there were mined 9,650,000
tons of coal in Japan. Ten years ago the Japan­
—+—
ese coal production did not exceed 3,000,000 tons.
Burnwell Coal Co., Birmingham. Ala.; capital,
The coal-bearing territory of Spain is fully as
$50,000; incorporators, W. J. Francis, Birmingham;
Alfred Stearns, Cincinnati; George Mesta, Cin­ extensive as, if not more so, than that of the
cinnati ; and Charles F. Francis, of Cincinnati. United Kingdom, and yet the production of coal
in Spain last year did not exceed 3,000,000 tons.
Cambridge & Muskingum Valley Coal Co., Cleve­ Nearly 3.000,000 tons were imported from England,
land; capital, $10,000; incorporators, W. B. Whit­ but great efforts are now being made to increase
ing, C. C. Owens, R. F. Denison, Frank S. Whit- Spain's production.
comb, Clarence E. Sanders.
A report from Bangkok, Siam, is to the effect
i
that a large deposit of bituminous coal has been
Prospect Coal & Coke Co., Uniontown, Pa.; capi­ discovered in the North of the country. Thus far
tal, $80,000; incorporators, W. A. Stone, O. R. no coal has been mined in the Land of the White
Brownfleld, Harold L. Robinson, Herbert M. Craw­ Elephant.
ford, W. B. Crow, Uniontown.
The Island of Sumatra, in the Dutch East Indies,
has large coal fields. Some of them are now
Rising Sun Mining Co.. Piqua, O.; capital, $50,- being exploited. The coal found there is said to
000; incorporators, J. O. Morris, John B. McKis- be of a good quality and to compare favorably
son, Charles C. Barnett, C. B. Jamison and W. K. with Japanese coal.
Leonard.
Switzerland imports every year about two mil­
—+—
lion tons of coal.
Arkansas Anthracite Coal Co., Clarksville, Ark.; Egypt is one of the largest coal importing coun­
capital, $200,000; incorporators. Charles H. Curtries of the Dark Continent. The coal is chiefly
rens, N. M. T. McGill and James W. Thompson. used for filling the bunkers of vessels at Port
—+—
Said and Alexandria. I'he Northern coast of Africa
Slemp Coal Co., Ashland, Ky.; capital, $100,000; does not produce any coal.
incorporators, C. B. Slemp, John C. C. Mayo. J. W. Chile imports considerable quantities of coal.
M. Stewart, A. M. Kelley and S. S. Willis.
Australia and Japan, Sweden, Denmark and Norway
receive their coal supply from the United
Meek Coal Co.. Paintsville, Ky.: capital, $5,000; Kingdom and Germany.
incorporators, J. N. Meek, J. C. C. Mayo, J. H. Mat- Westphalian coke is largely sold in Paris. Shipney,
W. M. Stewart and A. M. Kelley.
ments of German coke were also made last year
h—
to Mexico.
Mauley Coal Co., Huntington, W. Va.; capital, A number of coal mines are now successfully
$100,000; incorporators, W. R. Thompson, Z. T. being worked in Servia.
Vinson, T. J. Bryan and others.
1
Greece gets all her coal from the United Kingdom.
'Ine Edwardsville Coal Co.. East St. Louis; capi­ Almost no coal is used in Montenegro. The
tal, $50,000; incorporators, D. W. Robert, W. H. principal fuel is lumber and petroleum.
Rozier, Matthew P. O'Reilly.
An immense coal field has been discovered in
—+—
Roumania. If properly exploited this field, it is
Fort Ligonier Coal Co., Latrobe, Pa.; capital. said, could well supply the demand for all the
$10,000; treasurer, James Peters, Latrobe.
Balkan states.

All the old directors and officers of the Allegheny
Coal Co., owner of the Harwick mine, were
re-elected at a meeting of the stockholders, held
on February 22 at Pitttsburgh. The directors and
officers are: W. D. B. Alexander, Cleveland, president;
U. C. Hatch, J. E. Terry, C. W. Somers, C.
A. Nicola, E. R. Bourne, all of Cleveland, and
E. W. Beach, M. J. Agan and George E. Alter, of
Pittsburgh. E. R. Fancher, of Cleveland, was
elected secretary and treasurer. The Harwick
mine, owned by the company, is the one in which
the explosion occurred January 25 of last year, in
which 178 miners lost their lives. For a long time
afterward the mine was idle. The company now
has 75 men working, and this force will be increased
as fast as the rooms can be cleaned out
and put in shape. There has been a change made
in the system of mining, and this has retarded the
full operation of the mine to some extent.
An extraordinary accident occurred recently at
a large colliery near Ruabon, France. A surveying
party was ascending the pit shaft when the
descending cage, through the guides breaking or
failing, crashed with terrific force against the
other cage. Both became interlocked nearly 700
feet from the surface. Great excitement prevailed,
and two hours elapsed before both cages
were released, five men being consequently suspended
in mid-air meanwhile. During the stoppage
the miners who were finishing work were
brought to the surface by another shaft, but one
imprisoned man climbed the shaft to a place of
safety at imminent risk to himself.
A measure to compel the registration of all
mining companies that do business in Indiana,
but have no property in the state, has been introduced
in the legislature. The certificate filed
with the secretary of state must show the financial
condition of the corporation, the location of
the property, with the plans of the same and the
work done, the amount of cash expended in improvements,
and the condition of the plants and
machinery, if there is any. The penalty is a fine
of not more than $100 for each violation.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
of a receiver at the instigation of the National
Coal Co. which claims to be a creditor of the Salisbury
Coal Co. and its successor, the Ruthven company.
It is stated that the defendant company
has debts aggregating $10,000 and is unable to
operate its mines because of financial embarrassment.
The Ruthven company has a capital stock
of $50,000, held in Columbus and Toledo.
The shipment of coal from Great Britain on
account of the war between Russia and Japan has
exceeded 2,000,000 tons, of which nearly the whole
was sent from Cardiff. The shipments from Cardiff
to Russia direct were 687,543 tons and to
Japan direct 81,363 tons. Shipments to far Eastern
ports in 190-r were: Hongkong, 576,150 tons;
Shanghai. 141,062 tons; Singapore, 113,296 tons;
Alexandria, 503,739 tons. All these shipments
were greatly in excess of the ordinary tonnage.
The House of Representatives has passed the
rivers and haruors appropriation bill without
amendment, against the wishes of Chairman Bur­
ton. The total amount carried by the bill is $17,-
234,657. Several efforts were made to amend, but
all failed.
The property of the Hazel Kirke Gas Coal Co.,
near Monongahela, Pa., has been sold to Kuhn
Bros., of Pittsburgh, the reported consideration
being about $1,000,000. The plant has a daily output
of 2,000 to 2,500 tons.
Farmers in Northwestern Iowa are burning corn
on account of the severe cold, whose long duration
has exhausted the coal supply.
Colonist Tickets to the West and Northwest
vis Pennsylvania Lines.
One-way second-class colonist tickets to California,
the North Pacific Coast, Montana and Idaho,
will be sold via Pennsylvania Lines from March
lst to May 15th, inclusive. For particulars apply
to nearest Ticket Agent of those lines.
J. K. DILLON,
District Passenger Agent,
515 Park Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.
The Illinois supreme court, in the case of the
Wilmington Coal Co., sustained the judgments of
the Cook county circuit court and the appellate The committee appointed to examine applicants
court in the case in which the Wilmington Coal rfor mine inspectors for Pennsylvania held a
Co. and 16 other coal companies were found guilty meeting at Pittsburgh February 22 and arranged
of a conspiracy to control the price of coal. to prepare questions which shall be asked applicants
for positions as mine inspectors. The exam­
The Ruthven Coal Co., whose plant is located in inations will be held March 14 to 17. There are
Jefferson county, O., has been placed in the hands 15 to be appointed.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Judge Elliott Rodgers, who was recently elected
a director of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., has been
named as general counsel of the company, to succeed
Mr. A. M. Neeper. Mr. Neeper's retirement
from the head of the firm's law department is
JUDGE ELLIOTT RODGERS.
due to the demands upon his time from his other
interests. He will continue to be connected with
the department, as associate counsel. The changes
will be carried out as soon as Judge Rodgers is
able to transfer his work on the bench to his
associates.
Next to farming, mining in its several branches
is the most important industry in Belgium. Coal
mining leads the other branches in all respects.
The number of persons working on the farms is
about 1,250,000. There are in the mines 125,889.
There are in the coal mines 5,200 women, nearly
10.000 boys below the age of 16 and 2,600 girls
below that age. Forty years ago there were over
5,000 women working in coal mines under ground,
row there are but 84 so employed. Less than
thirty years ago there were more than 10,000
hoys working below the surface in coal mines.
Now this number is reduced to 6,865. In 1S70
There were 3,656 young girls working under
ground in coal mines; now there are none. This
was stopped in 1895. There were in the earlier
periods some years as many as 22,000 women,
girls and boys employed in the industry. There
are now not more than about 16,000 all told. In
1902 the average wages was little over $230 a
year for each workman in these coal mines.
PROTEST INCREASE IN FREIGHT RATES.
Coal operators of the New River and Pocahontas
fields met in Washington on February 27 and arranged
to present to the president and congress
facts connected with the coal interests and learn
if something cannot be done to relieve what they
term a threatened disastrous condition. They
have been informed, they say, that the Chesapeake
& Ohio and Norfolk & Western railroads
will advance the freight rates from their mines
to tidewater from $1.35 a ton to $1.60. This, they
declare, means ruin to the coal interests of the
two fields, as they claim to be operating without
profit. The operators assert that
coal for the last year has been bringing them at
tidewater 80 to 90 cents above the freight rates
and agents' commissions of 15 cents a ton. With
25 cents more taken away there would be left but
55 to 65 cents a ton, which, they say, will not pay
cost of production.
u RETAIL TRADE NOTES. H
Dexter Shoudy, of Spokane, Wash., has moved
from that city to Seattle. Wash., to take charge
of the Western Coal Co.'s business.
Thomas O'Shea has sold out his lumber busi­
Mr. Lute Hornickel, of M. A. Hanna & Co., ness and will continue in coal and grain at
Cleveland, spent a part of last week in Pitts­ Madison, Neb.
burgh looking after the interests of his firm.
*
The Kansas-Colorado Coal Co. has been incor­
Mr. William L. Affelder, superintendent of the porated at Wichita, Kan., with a capital stock of
Mosgrove coal works has been recommended for
the postmastership at Mosgrove, Pa.
$10,000.
Fremming & Co. have sold their coal business
COAL MINING IN BELGIUM.
at Omaha, Neb., to Salisbury & Wakefield.
*
E. P. Rice & Son have purchased the stock of
coal, etc.. of W. M. Shelf at Dana, Kan.
W. H. Smith has retired from the Coquille Coal
& Lumber Co. of Coquille, Wash.
The Johnson County Coal Co., of Clarksville,
Ark., has gone out of business.
The Kreeck Lumber & Coal Co. has engaged in
business at Riley, Kan.
*
H. W. White has gone out of the fuel business
at Chillicothe, Mo.

A MODERN PLANT.
One of the most modern and best equipped coal
mines in the Pittsburgh district is the Clyde mine
of the Clyde Coal Co. It is located in tne Fifth
pool of the Monongahela river in Washington
county. Pa., and was opened in 1900. In the short
period in which it has been in operation it'has
developed into a power among river mines. The
company has its own steamers and coal boats and
finds a ready market for its coal, which is a fine
specimen of the Pittsburgh seam. The tipple is
a steel structure, built on concrete piers, and extends
25 feet from the bank into the river. It is
equipped with two automatic cross-over tipples.
When the cars are emptied they return by reverse
switch to automatic hoist and then proceed on a
17 per cent, grade 500 feet to mine mouth. The
loaded cars enter the tipple on a 1% per cent.
grade in favor of loads, thereby keeping full cars
pressing continually forward to the dump. The
mine cars are of the 2% ton size with cap on, and
2,000 of these can be handled over the tipple in
one day. The coal is hauled from the mine by
one 13-ton motor of the General Electric Co.'s
make, and is gathered to main sidings by one
gathering motor and horses. Nine Jeffrey electricmining
machines do the cutting and 300 men are
employed in the mine when in full capacity. Two
electric pumps keep the mine free from water.
The seam is comparatively flat and averages 6%
feet in thickness, and is opened and developed on
the three-entry system. It is slightly gaseous but
well ventilated, by a 7 by 16-inch Capell exhaust
fan, producing 150,000 cubic feet of air per minute
at the inlet. The fan is run by an engine with
20-inch cylinders and 18-inch stroke. Power is
furnished for inside and outside of mine by a
300-horsepower Russell engine and one 175-kilowatt
Westinghouse generator. The power house,
generator room, mine office, machine blacksmith
shops, stable and fan house are built of sandstone
and concrete, all buildings having slate
roofs, thus being as near fireproof as mine buildings
can be made. The mine was planned by J. H.
Sanford, now general manager. The superintendent
is W. C. Gartley.
PUMPING PLANT AT COMSTOCK LODE.
The Ward Shaft association, composed of the
Gould & Curry, Savage, Chollar, Potosi, Alpha
Consolidated, Exchequer, and Julia Consolidated
Mining Cos., owning and operating nearly a mile
of the middle Comstock lode, has awarded a contract
to the International Steam Pump Co. for a
pumping plant designed to free the lower levels of
the lode from water and permit the extension of
mining operations to a large degree. The Northern
half of the lode has been explored to a depth
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
of 3.000 feet, with very good returns from the
deepest parts, and there are known to be large
mineralized bodies below the 2,500 foot level in the
middle and Southern parts, where the inrush of
water about 20 years ago flooded all the middle
mines up to the 1,600 foot Sutro tunnel level. All
these levels have been idle and it is Chief Examiner
Hall's belief that it is possible to unwater,
ventilate and successfully and safely work the
levels as deep as 3,000 feet.
No known mining district in the world has encountered
greater difficulties than the Comstock
has met, or will meet in handling successfully the
various problems. Various types of pumps have
been used with considerable success and the working
levels have been steadily lowered. None of
the pumps heretofore installed, however, has
shown the permanent capacity now desired, and
the attempt to get at the deeper ore has several
times been given up. It was at a time when all
hope of reaching the valuable deposits below the
2,500-foot level had been abandoned that Mr. Hall
took the matter up and it is confidently believed
that the new plant will solve the difficulties. The
contract calls for two first-motion electricallydriven
pumps, each of the units to have capacity
for lifting 1,600 gallons of water per minute
against a pressure equivalent to a height of 1,500
feet or from the 3,000-foot level up to the level
of the South lateral branch of the Sutro tunnel.
Each pump is to be driven by an 800 horse
power slow-speed induction motor. The contract
includes column pipe, traveling crane for the
pumping station, automatic oil system, a small
air compressor for filling the air chambers, a
small vacuum pump operated by compressed air
for discharging air from the suction chamber, all
the piping, valves of every description for completing
the installation, and a complete set of
duplicate parts of the pump.
Lehigh Coal C& Navigation.
The annual report of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation
Co. shows that a balance of net earnings,
amounting to $361,547, has been placed to the
credit of profit and loss account. This balance
would have been upward of $160,000 greater if it
had not been for the extraordinary expenses incurred
in rebuilding a large portion of the company's
canal system, which was destroyed by
freshets in previous years. The revenue from coal
operations was satisfactory, although somewhat
less than the amount realized in 1903, in which
year higher prices were obtained, owing to the
scarcity of coal caused by the long strike in 1902.
The coal produced from the company's land
amounted to 2,245,044 tons, as compared witd
2,194,119 tons in 1903. an increase of 50,925.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Empire Coal Mining Co. of Pittsburgh.
At the annual meeting of the Empire Coal
Mining Co. in its general offices, Empire building,
Pittsburgh, it was announced that at all of the
plants of the company in Belmont county, Ohio,
the three-entry retreating system of working is
now being used. This has rarely been practiced
before in the No. 8 vein of coal, in which this
company works. Manager Louis F. Newman ex­
plained that by this system the company will be
enabled to take out 80 per cent, of the body of its
coal, whereas under the system generally employed
in this field only 65 per cent, can be taken
out with safety.
The report for the year 1904 presented to the
meeting showed that the company had produced
and marketed about 500,000 tons, this despite an
enforced idleness of six weeks by reason of a
strike. All plants of the company were operated
throughout the depression in the trade last summer.
In 1903 the company sold its output to 51
conecrns of whom 30 were brokers and 21 consumers.
In 1904 it sold its coal to 183 customers.
only 11 of whom were brokers and 172 consumers
and in doing this the company had no sales agents
traveling for it. The company's three mines are
in practically perfect shape as to equipment, which
is up-to-date and of the most economical char­
acter, with electric centralized power.
On April 1 the general offices of the company
will be moved to Bellaire, Ohio, so as to have the
management located at the point of operations.
A commonious new office bui'ding has been erected
there to meet the requirements of the general and
mine offices. The Pittsburgh headquarters of the
company will be in the offices of I. W. Frank, who
is treasurer.
The following directors and officers were elected
for the ensuing year: Joseph R. Paull, president:
W. L. Kann, vice-president: I. W. Frank, treasurer;
George Paull. secretary; Louis F. Newman,
manager; Jacob Kaufmann and Edward Kneeland.
Mr. Kneeland succeeds T. H. Bakewell, who retired
from the board.
The World's Main Coal Production.
The production during 1904 of the three great
coal producing countries of the world aggregated
724,678,050 metric tons. Of this quantity the Uni­
ted States furnished 311,643,780 metric tons, Great
Britain 243,840.000 and Germany 169,194,320 tons.
The increase over 1903 was only a moderate one.
The United States and Germany consume nearly
the same quantity that they mine, their exports
exceeding their imports by small amounts only.
Great Britain, however, sends abroad nearly one-
third of the coal produced, so that the home consumption
is about equal to that of Germany.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade are reported expressly for
Tut: COAL TKADB BULLETIN by J. M. Nesbit. Patent
Attorney. Park building. Pittsburgh. Pa., from
whom printed copies may be procured for 15 cents
each:
Coke oven appliance, Heinrich Koppers, Essenon-the-Ruhr,
Germany; 781.213.
Method of manufacturing gas and coke from
crude oil. J. C. H. Stut, Oakland. CaL; 781,242.
Electrical apparatus for separating coke from
cinders, etc., Henri Lelarge. Liege, Belgium; 781,-
;'47.
Blasting apparatus. Samuel Rogers. Anniston,
Ala.; 7S1.619.
Retort coke oven, C. S. Mason, Buffalo, N. Y.;
782.259.
Means for distributing coal and other material.
Jeremiah Campbell. Newton, Mass.; 782,485.
Apparatus for making up mine car trains, (2)
W. J. Patterson, Pittsburgh, assignor to Heyl &
Patterson. Inc., same place; 783,070 and 783,130.
Automatic valve for coal washers, (2), W. M.
Duncan, Alton, 111.; 783.249 and 783,250.
Automatic mine gate. J. A. Joyce. Cleveland,
assignor to the American Mine Door Co., same
place; 783,282.
MACOMBER & WHYTE ROPE CO.
MAKES A SPECIALTY OF
! MINE HOISTING and HAULAGE ROPES!
| 21 So. Caaa, Street,
S CHICAGO.
402 Park Building,
PITTSBURGH.
131 Worth Street,
NEW YORK.
^0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,

Early Use Of Coal In China.
Marco Polo, the Portugese, was the first European
since the days of Greek and Roman ascendancy
to explore the remote parts of Asia. This
was in the latter part of the thirteenth century.
In Marco Polo's account of his travels, is found
,the following reference to "stones which are
burnt instead of wood": "It may be observed,
also, that throughout the whole province of Cathay
there are a kind of black stones cut from the
mountains in veins, which burn like logs. They
maintain the fire better than wood. If you put
them on in the evening they will preserve it the
whole night and will be found burning in the
morning. Throughout the whole of Cathay this
fuel is used. They have also wood indeed, but
the stones are much less expensive." This early
reference to coal shows that the Chinese possessed
a knowledge of its use six hundred years ago, before
coal was much used in Europe.
One-Way Settlers' Fares to South and Southeast.
One-way excursion tickets to points in Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and
Virginia, account Settlers' Excursions, will be sold
from all ticket stations on the Pennsylvania Lines,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. Ir.
SURFACE,
UNDER

46
< 4*4 OOA£u
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
AGITE
AND
;NOUS
>»
>
w
^§P W. S. WALLACE, SECRETARY. E. E. WALLING, GENL SALES ASENT.
lS8f
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.

China's Coal and Iron Resources.
China's resources of coal and iron are among
the largest and most favorably situated in the
world. The extent of the great coal fields has
been put at 400,000 square miles—twice the area
of France, and more than 70 times the aggregate
extent of all the coal fields of Britain. Of the
quality of the deposits much has yet to be learned,
but the distinguished German geologist, Baron von
Richtofen, reported many years ago that both
the anthracite and the bituminous varieties were
equal to the best produced in Europe. It is expected
that very soon Chinese coal will be delivered
at far Eastern ports at prices with which
no other coal can possibly compete, and that
China, in consequence of this development, will
become a large exporter of iron.
r\r
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
COAL OUTPUT AT FERNIE, B. C.
United States consular reports show that the
total output of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co.
(Ltd.), during the year ending June 30, 1904, was
769,419 tons, of which 360,462 tons were converted
into coke. The shipments of coke to the United
States during the year amounted to 62,478 tons,
valued at $252,992, and the shipments of coal to
156,727 tons, valued at $315,096. The company's
headquarters are at Fernie, B. C. The three coal
companies operating at Frank, Blairmore and
Coleman, Northwest territory, have been producing
an average of 600 tons a day during the year.
The entire product has been used in Canada.
New coal fields are being opened up on the Elk
river about 50 miles North of Fernie, but it will
be necessary to construct about 35 miles of railway
to place these fields in touch with the market.
Tf.
ACME COAL MINING CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
KIIIVES:
SLIGO BRANCH B, & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R.
GENERAL OFFICES : GREENSBURG, PA.
lA
AJ

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
r*
Tf\
CiiiEWE COIL COMPACT,
lA-
(INCORPORATED,)
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. & L. E., ERIE, L. S. 4. M. S.
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
AJ
£ GEORGE I. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX, TREASURER. |
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building,
B BELL TELEPHONE. 696 COURT. ^ ^ - * H l3t>UlXVjll, "A.. \
\»iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii»iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuuiiiiiiii»»iiiiiiiiiiiii»»uuiiiiiiiii»»uiniiiiiiiiiiiiiii»i»iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii,iiiitiitit»iitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii»1uuiiiiiii>iuiiii(ii
, . ^
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: . . . GREENSBURG. PA.
AND

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
J ARTHUR BROCK, President, Lebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburg, Pa.
A
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, Latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
. . . OF . . .
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
..AND..
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
^AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
j SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
•*
•*
•*
•*
<
<
m
m
m
<
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
^•TTTTTTTTrrrTTTTTTTTTTTVTTTTTTTTTTTVVTTTTTVTTTTTTTTrrTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
.if iXJ ^
EST GRADES
%
M
STEAM COAL
. . and . .
K-
CONNELLSVILLE COKE,
MINED AND SHIPPED BY THK
SAXMAN COAL & COKE COMPANY,
. . . LATROBE, PA. . . .
vv oa- J)
LatrobeConnellsvilleCoal&CokeCo.
LATROBE. PA..
i PRODUCES AND SHIPS '
STEAM COAL OF FINEST QUALITY
AND MANUFACTURERS
BEST CONNELLSVILLE COKE.

THE-
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
""C C Es
"POCAHONTAS^
.SMOKELESS^
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THE CELEBRATED C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL,
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, as the United States Geological Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
POCAHONTAS
TRADE MARK REGISTERED
CX. B. Pocahontas Smokeless
Is the only American Coal that has been Officially indorsed by the
Governments of Great Britain, Germany and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United States Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN & BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
MAIN OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 SO. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BRANCH OFFICES :
1 BROADWAY. NEW YORK CITY, OLD NEW COLONY YORK BUILDING. CHICAGO. III.
CITIZENS- BANK BUILDING. NORFOLK, 126 STATE VA. STREET, BOSTON. MASS.
EUROPEAN AGENTS :
HULL, BLYTH & COMPANY, 4- FENCHURCH AVENUE, LONDON, E. C. ENGLAND
NEAVE BUILDING, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
TERRY BUILDING, ROANOKE. VA.
LUHRIG
GOAL
0
MINES LARGE. NO SLACK. NO SLATE. NO CLINKER.
LONG DISTANCE PHONE
MAIN 3094.
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
MINED ONLY BY
THE LUHRIG COAL CO.
FOURTH AND PLUM STREETS, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
51

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, Jos. B. CAMPBELL,
PRESIDENT. V PREST & TREAS. SECRETARY. )
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER"and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
OFFICES:
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA.'PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
,_ SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA. _.
? i
C. M. UNDERHILL,
WESTERN AGENT FOR
THE SAEE OF
THE
ANTHRACITE COAL
OF
J. LAIVGDOISI & CO., INCORPORATED.
BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE.
FIDELITY BUILDING,
BUFFALO, • NEW YORK.
4>

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 58
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS [3 OAL S.
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
( OFFICES. j
26 South 15th Street, No. 1 Broadway,
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK.
ALTOONA COAL ck COKE CO.
MINERS A2SSIT) SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
AND
LTORSESLTOE COAL,
(MILLER -VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO,
Empire Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
LOCATED OIM MINES AT
G. & P. R. R„ B. & 0. R. R. and Ohio River. Bellaire, Ohio.
Communications should be sent to LOUIS F. NEWMAN, Manager, Pittsburgh, Pa.
« L
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE:
Latrobe, Penna.

56
IHE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
r-CLYDE
COAL COMPANY, 1
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED CLYDE COAL
SHIPMENTS BY RIVER STEAMERS
"CLYDE" AND "ELEANOR."
CLYDE MINE, FREDERIC KTOWN, PA,
DAILY CAPACITY OF MINES 3,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
CONESTOGA BUILDING, PITTSBURGH PA.
J. H. SANFORD, GENERAL MANAGER.
BELL PHONE, 2S17 COURT. P. A A. PHONE, 2125 MAIN.

COAL TRADE BULLETIN^
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., MARCH 15, 1905. No. 8.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANV, 1904
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TRADK COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE PRACTICAL PROFIT-SHARING PLAN
AND EMPLOYES' INSURANCE AND PEN­
SIONS, AS PRESENTED IN AN ADDRESS
DELIVERED BY COMPTROLLER J. B. L.
HORNBERGER, OF THE PITTSBURGH
COAL CO., BEFORE THE EQUALITY
CLUB, OF BUFFALO.
The subject on which I am to speak this evening
may now he said to be a broad one; that this is
the case is one of the most hopeful and encouraging
signs of the times. A comparatively few
years ago profit sharing in any form, employes'
insurance and pensions were so exceptional that
the history of what had been done and what was
being done, could be covered in a small volume
or told in a short speech; it is not so to-day.
Many and varied form of practical profit sharing
have been put into successful operation; in large
railway, industrial and mercantile companies relief
departments may be said to be the rule rather
than the exception, and while machinery for the
accumulation and distribution of pension funds
has not been so generally set up there are notable
organizations of this kind also, such as the pension
funds of the Pennsylvania, Baltimore & Ohio
and Philadelphia & Reading railroads, and others.
including that of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
I am not prepared to speak at length on this
subject in a broad and general way. I believe I
made clear to your president, at the time of
accepting his kind invitation to address you, that
my remarks would be confined, more or less, to
what has been done by the Pittsburgh Coal Co. in
co-operation with its employes along the lines of
practical profit sharing, insurance and pensions.
It will not be amiss at this time to tell those
present who may not be fully informed concerning
the Pittsburgh Coal Co. that it is the largest
coal producing corporation in the world, with
assets valued at upwards of $100,000,000, embracing
160,000 acres of Pittsburgh gas and steam coals
and Southwestern Connellsville district coking
coal, in addition to controlling interest in 40,000
acres of the same class of coals of the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., 13S
operating mines, 600 coke ovens, 4,000 miners'
houses, 30 miles of operating railroads in the
Pittsburgh district, 6.000 modern railroad coal
cars and 1,000 of the same leased, docks and modern
coal unloading machinery, owred or leased.
at Cleveland, Ashtabula, Fairport and Erie, fueling
docks at Sandwich and Amherstburg, Ontario,
Detroit and Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and storage
and re-shipping docks at Chicago, Waukegan, Milwaukee,
Sheboygan, Ashland. Escanaba, Manitowoc,
Gladstone, Superior and Duluth, also controlling
interest, through stock ownership, in 80
steamboats, 4,000 coal boats and barges, ship
yards and landings on the Monongahela, Ohio and
Mississippi rivers, and storage and distributing
yards at Cincinnati, Louisville, Memphis, Vicksburg,
Baton Rouge and New Orleans. It has,
since its organization, distributed $11,164,963.79 in
dividends and has left a balance, of earnings undivided,
of $4,221,613.51, together with a renewal
fund of $1,938,319.93, in addition to which
the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co. has distributed $2,900,000.00 in dividends
and has a balance of $1,700,000.00
earnings undivided. It has 8,400 acres of the
best coal lands in fee and 3,000 acres of the same
under lease in the Hocking district of Ohio in
which there are six mines in operation with an

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
output last year of 1,480,000 tons. The combined
output of the mines of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
and its subsidiary companies, including the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., is
upwards of 20,000,000 tons of bituminous coal per
annum, which is about 26 per cent, of the total
bituminous output of the state of Pennsylvania,
greater by 3,000,000 tons than the bituminous output
of Ohio, equal to the output of West Virginia,
about 85 per cent, of the output of Illinois, and
about one-ninth of the total bituminous output of
the United States. In addition to this its docks
on the Great Lakes handle about a million tons of
anthracite and a half million tons of bituminous
coals from other fields. The total number of employes
paid over the rolls of the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. and its subsidiary companies averages about
46,000.
At the time of the organization of this large
company and for many years previous the relations
between mine operators and mine operatives.
in what is known as the Pittsburgh district, were
not cordial and pleasant; they were far from being
so. It seemed very easy for either class to impute
to the other the most selfish and unworthy
motives and it seemed very difficult indeed, on the
other hand, to convince either class that the other
might possibly sometimes mean to be fair and
honorable. Of course, there were individual exceptions
but the prevailing attitude of employer
and employe in the Pittsburgh district coal fields
was that of suspicion and hostility. I quote from
an article by Mr. A. R. Hamilton, proprietor and
editor of Tin: COAL TRADE BULLETIN', who took
• part in the scenes which he describes and has at
all times been an important factor in bringing
about better conditions:
"Prior to the centralization of the coal business
in the Pittsburgh district five years ago entailing
as it did a readjustment of the attitude of employer
and employe toward each other, this field
was the center of labor disturbances in what is
known as the great central competitive district,
embracing Western and Central Pennsylvania,
West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. This
was inevitable as-the-Pi-t-t-aburgh district was the
basing point for wage rates throughout this vast
central territory. The general wage rate approximately
was as high as the miners in the
Pittsburgh district could force it or as low as the
Pittsburgh operators could depress it. Without
a general organization of the operators and practically
no unamimity of action on their part, even
within district lines, the other fields held back
until the Pittsburgh miners and operators literally
fought it out. Necessarily this meant constant
confusion in the Pittsburgh district. There wa 5
a savage competition, which strangled the trade
and bore more and more heavily on those in the
business until there was no profit in mining coal
and the operator was forced as a general rule to
depend upon his company store for whatever
profit could be wrung from his investment.
"The warfare was so bitter that unfair advantage
was taken in instances of the miner in his
relation to the company store. There was an
endless wrangle, a constant suspicion, unflagging
antagonism, and almost incessant open breach.
Inevitably the conditions in the Pittsburgh district,
the basing point, exercised its influence on
competing fields. So acute and widespread was
the strife that it culminated in 1894 in a general
strike which affected particularly the Pittsburgh,
Ohio and Indiana fields.
"The suspension of work was attended with open
disorder, arson and bloodshed, and culminated in
the Stick Hollow riots in the Pittsburgh district,
in which a fierce fight between armed guards and
strikers resulted in deaths on both sides. It was
a battle without decisive results. It brought no
relief but exaggerated the ill feeling and sharpened
the industrial hardships for both sides. The
years of 1895 and 1896 were given over to a
guerilla warfare in the Pittsburgh district in
which the number of local stoppages per annum
would tax the credulity of the general public were
they presented in statistical array.
"In 1S95 the miners of the Millers and Toms
Run regions of the Pittsburgh district after a long
period of heart-breaking business depression, without
capable leadership and fairly desperate with
hunger, delivered blindly a blow against every
visible aspect of the employing interest that came
within reach. They assembled at Carnegie, nearly
3,000 strong and inflamed by the oratory of agitators,
started on a march across the coal producing
district, armed with torch and bludgeon.
They left in their wake smoking ruins of tipples
and strewed the way with bruised and beaten
victims, who refused to join their strike. It took
a band of determined men with Winchesters to
stop that march, but the anarchistic outburst was
not allayed until there had been a woeful loss of
human life and the jails were choked and rioters
gathered in by scores of sheriff's deputies.
"In 1897 there followed another general strike
wider in scope than the first. This time the
miners were successful in obtaining a higher wage
rate and both miners and operators met to weld
their respective bodies more closely together and
to arrange some system of joint conference by
which a business discussion would take the place
of a strike as a means to substantiate wage claims.
Following firm establishment of this joint conference
system came the centralization of the
companies of the Pittsburgh district and almost
immediately a readjustment of the attitude of
both operator and miners' leader on the labor

problem. The consolidation of the Pittsburgh
coal properties, however, was the one factor
needed to conserve the beneficent influences
wrought upon the labor phase of the coal industry
by the adoption of the first joint interstate agreement."
President Robbins has for many years been the
leader of the coal operators in their interstate
meetings and conventions, and in the joint conventions
of operators and miners which annually
work out and agree upon the wage scale and conditions
under which 175,000 miners dig and ship
the bituminous coal output of Western Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. His views, therefore,
on what constitutes right relations between
capital and labor are on record. I would like,
however, as an aid to the consideration of our
subject this evening to quote from a speech made
by Mr. Robbins at a meeting of the National Civic
Federation in Chicago in October, 1903.
(Mr. Robbins' address on this occasion was
published in full in THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
and is therefore omitted).
When I came to Pittsburgh in the fall of 1899
at the organization of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., I
was deeply impressed with the thought that the
formation of the large corporation presented a
great opportunity to firing about better relations
between employer and employe than those which
existed under the old competitive order so graphically
described by Mr. Hamilton. Of course, all
of the officers of the company, like myself, were
busy men during those first months of the organization,
and, looking back at this time, I can hardly
understand how it happened that within a year
after the formation of the company, and amid all
the strenuous work of consolidating the affairs of
more than sixty corporations and partnerships in
an orderly and systematic way into the departments
of one corporation, we should have found
time to take up and consider an employes' welfare
scheme, yet we did, and I think it should be set
down to our credit. Of course, there was the
business, as well as the altruistic standpoint,
from which this question had to be approached,
and the plan (first worked out and submitted by
myself) was carefully designed to bind the employer
and employe with the golden cord of self
,interest. Our plan was simplicity itself, proposing
to make employers, as well as employes,
of as many of the latter class as could be brought
to save money and invest it in the company's
securities. The benefits, to the employes, of an
organization to take their savings, 50 cents
semi-monthly or upwards, and handle them in a
way to secure for them the maximum of earnings
consistent with absolute security for the principal,
and to do this free of charge, are very direct and
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
apparent, while on the other hand, the benefits
to stockholders of a corporation resulting from a
movement which places stockholders in the mines
and shops, on the railroad and docks, and which
introduces the leaven of sobriety, thrift and conservatism
into the lump so often given over to
drunkenness, improvidence and radicalism, while
indirect, are also very real and substantial.
The stock purchase plan, which has never been
modified or changed, was presented to the employes
of the company in a booklet published
November 15. 1900, from which I will read.
(The matter contained in the booklet referred
to has already been published in THE COAL TRADE
BULLETIN and is therefore omitted).
The flrst series of stock purchase contracts hecame
effective on December 1, 1900, from which
time forward there has been a new series of contracts
effective on the first day of each succeeding
month. Up to and including January 1, this year,
therefore, there had been fifty series of contracts,
and net earnings represented by dividends paid on
the stock carried in the association's treasury,
over interest charges, amounted in all to $129,-
240.20, of which $79,232.74 was distributed to the
purchasers in the series 1 to 9 inclusive. There
were, in these first nine series, 234 employes who
became owners of 2,460 shares of the company's
stock. The net average cost of this stock to the
purchaser was $41.36 per share. It is estimated
that one series of the contracts will mature each
month and that until such time as the association
shall have to pay a considerably larger price per
share for the stock which it purchases on the
market than the average price of the shares now
in the treasury, the cost to the purchasers will
not be greatly increased, although it is very likely
that the average for the first nine series of contracts
marks the least possible cost of the stock
to the employes. This, of course, is due to the
fact that the association purchased a considerable
quantity of stock at the low prices prevalent a
year ago, when the market value of all securities
was greatly reduced.
There are at this time about 2,400 purchasers of
preferred stock through the association making
monthly payments on 19,000 shares of Pittsburgh
Coal Co. preferred stock. Not the least of the
benefits to the employes who have acquired stock
of the company in this way. and the benefit that
will be lasting in results, is that it has led and
wil lead many to form the habit of saving, which
otherwise probably they would not have done. 1
recall that at a recent meeting of our mine superintendents,
two men, well advanced in years, made
substantially the same statement—"I have worked
hard all my life and for many years I have made
what might be called good wages, but the certi-

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ficate of stock of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., which I
received upon the completion of payments on my
contract in the first series (in one case five shares
and in the other 17 shares) represents about the
only money that I have saved in my life." One of
them continued—"I think I never was so proud of
any possession in the world as I am of that certificate
of stock," and the other remarked, "Every
time I get a dividend payment it is like getting
money from home."
While the distribution of relief in cases of accident
and death were considered with the stock
purchase plan in the year 1900, it was not thought
advisable or even possible to put the plan into
successful operation at that time. This conviction
was based upon the well known attitude of
the men which, as was brought out in my earlier
remarks, was that of suspicion and hostility. It
was thought best to first thoroughly establish the
investment feature which would appeal to the
better class of employes and work down through
the lower strata and it was, therefore, not until
February, 1903, that a beginning was made in the
matter of organizing the relief work. At that
time a convention was called and each group of
mine operatives was invited to select a delegate to
consider and arrange for rules and regulations
under which it would be possible to collect and
disburse relief funds on an equitable and satisfactory
basis. After a protracted session of about
three days, in which a great variety of views and
theories had to be considered and disposed of and
some radical members brought to a more conservative
attitude or voted down, the convention adjourned
leaving a conimittee of seven to draft bylaws
embodying the controlling ideas of the convention
and the proposition of the company for
the establishment of the relief organization. In
these by-laws, which were modified somewhat in
a convention held in August. 1904, the employes at
each of the mines. (no other class of employes
participating in the relief or pension benefits at
this time), became autonomous in the administration
of that mine's relief affairs. The employes
of each mine, following the program of
the convention, voted on the proposition to organize
a relief lodge, to be governed by the bylaws
adopted. If the vote was affirmative a president
and secretary and a committee of three (or
five at the larger mines) were selected to administer
the affairs of the lodge. These officers communicated
with the officers of the employes association,
advising the date upon which the first
assessment was to be made; the lodge was then
in working order. In this way the organization
of the relief work was made a voluntary matter
at each mine, but it is a feature of the by-laws,
which each group adopts when it organizes, that
every operative at the mine must be a member of
the relief organization and pay the stated dues.
To this extent, therefore, the matter is made compulsory
at a given mine by the vote of the majority
of employes. It has never been made compulsory
by any action of the company. The men
seem to attend to this detail very well themselves.
The dues paid are at the rate of 40 cents per
month per man. The benefits are graded into
seven classes, as follows: First, for a fatal accident
while at work $150, of which the company
directly contributes one-half; second, death of an
employe through natural causes $100, paid altogether
by the men; third, death of an employe's
wife (or father or mother if the employe is the
sole support) a funeral fund of $75, paid altogether
by the men; fourth, death of an employe's
child, over two years and under 12 years, funeral
fund of $25, paid altogether by the men; fifth,
non-fatal accident of a serious nature, benefits
$10 per week, one-half paid directly by the company;
sixth, non-fatal accident of a less serious
nature, benefits $7.50 per week, one-third paid
directly by the company; seventh, minor accidents,
benefits $5 per week, paid altogether by the men.
The pension fund had its start in a contribution
of $10,000 by the company. Its growth and maintenance
is provided for by monthly appropriations
of 2 cents per man of the 40 cents per month dues
paid by the men, to which is added 1 cent per
month per man by the company. This fund is to
continue to accumulate for a period of ten years.
At the end of that time the principal in excess of
$100,000.00, and earnings may be used in the
payment of pensions to operatives of the company
who have paid into the fund continuously for
a period of ten years and who through old age,
accident or sickness are not able to earn their
livelihood. The rate to be paid is $10.00 per month
—the committees of the respective mines first pass
upon all claims. All expenses of the employes'
association proper, including salaries of a manager
(Mr. J. E. McDonald, secretary and treasurer
of the association), a staff surgeon, an adjuster
of claims, and five bookkeepers and clerks,
clerical service, postage, etc., etc., at all mines,
shops and agencies are paid by the company.
These, during the life of the association, up to
this time have amounted to upwards of $35,000.
The committeemen at the mines receive an allowance
of $1.00 each for attendance at each stated
meeting which, with other expenses of the local
organizations, is paid out of the men's funds.
There are at this time upwards of 20,000 employes
paying dues into the various lodges and
eligible for benefits under the by-law provisions.
The total benefits paid up to January 31, 1905,
were $190,000, of which the company paid $37,500.
The pension accumulation at the same date was
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 38).

WAGES OF COKE WORKERS ADVANCED.
The H. C. Frick Coke Co. on March 1 advanced
the wages of all of its employes in the Connellsville
region, none whatever being excepted from
the increase which ranges from 8 to 11% per cent.
and averages 10 per cent. The Frick company
owns and operates about 17,000 ovens in the region
and over 18,000 of its own workers are benefited
by its action. There are from 8,000 to 9,000
ovens in the region owned by independent concerns
and the majority of these at once took similar
action. About 10,000 men are employed at the
outside ovens and the advance will therefore benefit
nearly 30,000 men in all.
It has been the policy of the H. C. Frick Coke
Co. to share its prosperity with its workmen, which
is shown by the fact that this was the sixth voluntary
advance given in 10 years, and in all that
time there has been but one reduction, which was
made in December, 1903. This cut was necessary
on account of low prices and an unusually dull
period in the coke trade. In January of that year,
when prices of coke were at a high point, furnace
coke selling at from $4 to $5 a ton, a voluntary
advance was given. Prices dropped during the
summer more than one-half, but the wages paid,
which were the highest ever known in the coke
industry, were not disturbed until December, when
furnace coke sold as low as $1.75 a ton.
The price has been around that figure and lower
since that time, and it was not until early in December
that better rates were obtained. Today
furnace coke is at a figure well above $2 a ton.
Prices, however, do not affect the Frick company,
as it does not sell any of ns product, the entire
output of its ovens going to the mills and furnaces
of the United States Steel Corporation of which it
is one of the most important subsidiary companies.
Great secrecy was observed by the company in
making the announcement of the advance, as it
was desired to give the workers a pleasant surprise
and in this it was successful. The notices
were posted at the different works throughout the
region during the night and the men knew nothing
about the matter until they reported for duty the
following day. Following is a copy of the notice
to which has been added the former wages paid for
the different kinds of work:
New Old
Rate. Rate.
Mining and loading room and rib coal,
100 bushels $1-20 $1.10
Mining and loading heading coal, 100
bushels
37
I-
125
Mining and loading wet heading coal,
100 bushels 1-45 1-30
Drawing coke, 100 bushels 70 .63
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
Drivers and rope riders (shafts and
slopes), full run 2.40 2.20
Drivers and rope riders (drifts), full
run 2.30 2.10
Cagers, full run 2.40 2.20
Tracklayers, blasters and timbermen
(shafts and slopes), a day 2.40 2.20
Tracklayers, blasters and timbermen
(drifts), a day 2.30 2.10
Assistant tracklayers and inside la-
. 1.75 1.60
Dumpers and tipplemen, full run... . 1.80 1.65
. 1.70 1.60
Carters, a day
. 1.60 1.50
Leveling, an oven
•11% •10%
• -04 V4 .04
. 1.85 1.70
Forking cars, 40,000 pounds . 1.50 1.40
Forking cars, 50,000 and 60,000 lbs. . 1.60 1.50
Forking cars, over 60,000 pounds. . . . , 1.75 1.60
ILLINOIS MINE WORKERS MEET.
At the recent annual convention of the United
Mine Workers of Illinois it was decided that a
building with storerooms, offices and halls, should
be erected in Springfield at a cost of $300,000.
The auditing committee's report showed that on
August 1, 1904, there was a cash balance on hand
of $698,934.50 and that during the year $164,-
397.54 was paid into the treasury. The officers
elected are: President, H. C. Perry; vice-president,
W. E. Smith; secretary-treasurer, W. D.
Ryan; national board member, Thomas Burke.
Among the subjects taken up by the convention
was the bill providing for shot firers to be furnished
by the mine operators. It was discussed
in executive session and the work of the legislative
committee was commended. One of the most
important resolutions presented related to alleged
discrimination of operators against members of
the miners' organization in giving employment.
It was decided that the resolution was not in harmony
with the agreement now existing between
the miners and the operators. A resolution to
send five delegates to the so-called national labor
gathering in Chicago June 27 provoked a warm
debate. Eugene V. Debs having signed the call,
the miners suspected that the movement was for
the purpose of promoting socialism. The signatures
of other socialists added to the heat of the
debate. It was finally decided to send delegates
from the state organization to ascertain the purpose
of the gathering. The Illinois miners' union
is the first labor organization in the country to
send delegates to Debs' convention. It was decided
by the convention that it would be a violation
of the constitution for local unions to use
their funds in conducting co-operative stores.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PRESIDENT ELIOT, OF HARVARD, ON EM­ and the same hours of daily labor over wide
PLOYERS' ASSOCIATIONS AND LABOR areas of our vast country. It is clear that an
UNIONS.
almost indispensable mode of conducting one industry
may be entirely inapplicable in another in­
By C. W. Eliut. L. L. D., President Harvard University.
dustry, and that such diversities
EXTEND TO RATES OF WAGES,
The most striking fact in the development of the
to the number of hours which count as a day's
industrial combat during the last two years is the
work, and to the distribution of the hours of
extensive and firm organization of employers.
labor through the twenty-four liours of the day.
They were compelled to form compact and trust­
Some industries, like a blast furnace, for instance,
worthy associations by their experience of the
must be carried on incessantly, day and night.
force which could be exerted by the large organiza­
and month after month; others, like a cotton-mill,
in ordinary times run steadily a definite number
tions of labor against any single employer. They
of hours out of each twenty-four, and have no
found that their only safety was in the organization
of trustworthy associations of employers in
difficulty in stopping over night or over Sunday;
others, like a bakery, are necessarily spasmodic
each of the principal trades or occupations, and
in their operation, with hours of unseasonable activity,
and regular daily periods of comparative
inaction. Some trades are active at certain seasons
of the year and dull at others. In some
trades the effort of the worker is steady and
monotonous; in others it is intermittent and
various. In some trades all the labor is heavy
and hard; in others it is all light and easy. I
expect therefore to see the employers' associations
resisting, and resisting successfully, uniform legislation
affecting either wages or hours of labor.
The employers having organized strong associations,
it has become highly important to find
some tests which may be applied to the policies
of these strong and numerous associations to distinguish
the good and safe policies from the evil
and dangerous ones. The efforts of the emp'.overs'
associations are beeomirg very strenuous,
pnd are encountering equally strenuous efforts on
the part of organizations of labor; so that it is
all-important that the emp'oyers' policies—and,
PRESIDENT KI.10T, OP HARVARD.
indeed, the unions' policies also—in all their diversity
should deserve public coTfidence and approval.
Some of the fundamental policies of the
labor unions, such as the closed shop.
also of comprehensive associations which represent
the employers in a great variety of industries.
These trade associations are, of course, various,
because the interests and needs of the different
trades and manufactures are various. A single
uniform policy is not to be expected in all employers'
associations except on the main lines of
action. The effort after a uniform policy in regard
to wages and hours, which characterizes the
federated trade-unions, is. in my view, a dangerous
one, whether for the trade unions or for the employers'
associations. The diversities in the industries
and occupations of the country are so
great, and the conditions under which the same
industry is prosecuted in different places differ
so widely, that the public may reasonably distrust
efforts at universal legislation or universal policies—that
is, legislation or policies which are
supposed to cover a great variety of trades, or
are intended to produce the same rates of wages
THE LIMITATION OF OUTPUT,
and the effort after a monopoly of the labor in
each trade or occupation, certainly do not now
command public approval. What tests or criteria
can we apply to the policies of the new employers'
associations to discriminate the selfish
from the unselfish policies, the policies which will
prove acceptable to the community at large from
those which will prove unacceptable?
In the first place, whenever an association of
employers shows that its effort is, after all, directed
to the attainment of a monopoly, like the
habitual effort of every labor union, it will certainly
fail to command public confidence. Mortopo
lies are no more welcome to the free people of the
United States to-day than they were to our English
ancestors four hundred years ago. The contest
against monopolies granted by the sovereign

for the profit of his government, or of his own
purse, was one of the great steps in the development
of public liberty. The recent revival of
monopolies under free institutions, aided by all
the new facilities for transportation and intercommunication
over great distances, is one of
the most striking social and political phenomena
of the present generation. The world has never
before seen such elaborate or such successful efforts
after the acquisition of monopolies as the
last thirty years have witnessed
UNDER THE FREE GOVERNMENTS
of the world, first on the part of bands of working
people, and secondly on the part of bands of
capitalists. In the long run in a free country
neither sort of monopoly will approve itself to
the public, or be permitted to exist without public
regulation. A monopoly of all the labor in a
given trade, sought in order that the trade union
may regulate wages, hours and output in that
trade, will never commend itself to a free people;
no more will the effort of capitalists banded together
to prevent competition, to corner the
market and control prices commend itself to a
free people. These two monopolies are equally
dangerous and detestable. Therefore the employers'
associations must acquit themselves, in
the public view, of every suspicion that they are
attempting to acquire monopolies in their several
trades, or to restrict that free competition which
is essential to the progress of all the industries
and to the building up of the whole community in
comfort and happiness. Some monopolies there
must be; but every inevitable monopoly, like a
street railway or a gas company or a patent
should be strictly regulated and limited by public
authority.
This avoidance of the monopolistic tendency is,
however, a negative quality. Are there any positive
tests by which
THE RIGHTFUL POLICIES OF EMPLOYEES
may be recognized? It seems to me that there
are two such tests, and these I proceed to describe
The first I should state thus: the policy of an
employers' association is rightful whenever it
clearly appears that in the execution of that policy
a sing'e employer or a great association of employers
is promoting the development of private
and public liberty. If on the contrary, a policy
adopted b.v employers tends the other way—towards
the restriction of either private or public
liberty—the chances are that the policy is wrong
or dangerous to the public weal, not righi o.'
beneficial. To illustrate what I mean by this
test I shall use the following list of the objects of
an employers' association in Boston which was
formed within the last six months. The association
states its objects as follows: (1) No closed
shop; (2) No restriction as to the use of tools,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. .",1
machinery, or materials except such as are unsafe;
(3) No limitation of output; (4) No restriction
as to the number of apprentices and helpers when
of proper age; (5) No boycott; 16) No sympathetic
strike; (7) No sacrifice of the independent
workman to the labor union; (8) No compulsory
use of the union label. Do these eight objects
tend towards liberty or towards the restriction of
liberty?
"No closed shop." That means resistance to
the most effective policy of the labor unions to
procure the establishment of a complete monopoly;
and this resistance is a measure
IN DEFENSE OF COMPETITION.
Now, the restriction of competition is inimical
to personal and public freedom, to progress, and
to the common well-being.
"No restriction as to the use of tools, machinery
or materials." There again the effort clearly is
to prevent bonds being put on the development of
the trade or on the introduction of improvements.
It tends toward freedom.
"No limitation of output." That principle not
only tends toward freedom, but it tends to the
development of independent and unusual powers
in the individual workman, which is, indeed, a
most important element in individual liberty. It
resists, of course, the most demoralizing doctrine
and most enfeebling practice of the labor unions.
"No restriction as to the number of apprentices
and helpers when of proper age." Is that an employers'
policy which tends toward freedom or
towards the restriction of freedom? In education
we should not for a moment doubt but that this
policy tended towards freedom. Even Napoleon
stated, and stated very compactly, the principle
this policy tends to promote—"Every career open
to talent." To partition off and regulate wisely
and effectively the numerous grades of labor which
can be employed most advantageously at the
various stages, or in the various parts, of a series
of operations which contribute to the creation of
a valuable product, like a building, a car-load of
dressed beef, or a ream of notepaper wim envelopes
to match, is nowadays one of the most important
elements in business success. The labor
union tries
To LIMIT THE EMPLOYERS' FREEDOM
in this essential part of his business by forcing
on him a prescribed proportion between the skilled.
the less skilled, and the unskilled laborers in
his shop or factory. The employers' associations
must resist this effort of the unions, if the business
of the country is to be conducted in the most
productive and profitable manner. To give employment
to two, or three, or five, unskilled men
in place of one highly skilled man may be as
great a public service as to give employment to
that skilled laborer. It certainly is. if it results

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
in a larger valuable product at a lower labor cost.
It should not be forgotten, however, that the apprentice
system has been in past centuries, and
is still to some extent, an unjust and unprofitable
method. It was a slow and wasteful way to
teach a trade, and was liable to great abuses
through the selfishness and brutality of employers.
Any bright and diligent youth can learn a deal
more in three years at a good trade-school than
in seven years of apprenticeship, and at lower cost
in money as well as time.
"No boycott." A boycott is a mean and illegal
attack by a multitude of men on an individual
trader, worker or producer. It is, of course, a
savage attack on the liberty of the individual. So
long as organized and federated labor uses this
detestable weapon in the interests of labor monopoly,
so long must employers' associations endeavor
to protect their members against this
dangerous form of monopolistic assault.
"No sympathetic strike." Here again the policy
of the employers' association looks toward liberty.
It promises to prevent the use of a formidable
weapon to cripple a single firm or factory and
To ENFORCE A BOYCOTT.
"No sacrifice of the independent workman to
the labor unions." Until within times still recent
employers have neglected to observe the principle
here stated; yet there is no more fundamental and
righteous principle than this, and none more
essential to the preservation of industrial liberty.
The violations of this principle occur, of course,
in those industries the continuity of which is allimportant
to the owners or to the community,
like the industries concerned with transportation
or with the supply of coal, water or food. Continuity
in these industries is so important to the
entire community that employers in them are
required by public sentiment to make every effort
to prevent any interruption in them. Accordingly,
when a strike occurs in such an industry,
the employers or owners enlist non-union men
who are willing to risk their lives and fortunes,
and endeavor to carry on operations with these
new recruits; but in a few weeks the strike may
be settled, with or without compromise. Whereupon
the owner or employer turns adrift all the
non-union men who have come to his aid at their
own proper peril, and takes back all the strikers
in a body. They are, of course, more valuable to
him than his new recruits, because they know the
work better; and he sacrifices the strike-breakers
to his immediate interest. A meaner or more
short-sighted policy it would be difficult to imagine.
Is it not clear that such a policy on the part
of the employers must work against a just industrial
liberty? Is it not clear that it is the duty,
and in the long run the plain interest, of every
employer suffering from a strike not only
To PROTECT EVERY MAN
who comes to his help, but to make sure that that
man continues to be employed, if in any reasonable
time he can learn the business? One of the
main reasons for the frequency of strikes for
trivial reasons is the sure belief on the part of
the strikers that they are only to be out a few
days or weeks, or, at worst, a few months and
that then they will all return to their jobs. This
belief on the part of strikers, and of people who
are thinking to strike, has been fully justified
until recently by the unjust and dangerous policy
of employers towards strike-breakers. A large
majority of strike-breakers in any single case will
probably be green hands; but it is the interest
and duty of employers to convert them gradually
into experienced hands. If only this principle
of this new association of employers could be
generally enforced—"No sacrifice of the independent
workman to the labor union"—we should see
that workmen would strike only for serious reasons;
for they would feel that in striking they
were risking the permanent loss of their jobs,
and were making themselves liable to a complete
change of residence or of occupation. I know no
more valuable principle or method for the promotion
of general industrial liberty than this
statement—"No sacrifice of the independent workman
to the labor union."
Finally, "No compulsory use of the union label."
Is that a regulation which tends toward liberty?
Let us observe that the union label is, next to
the closed shop, the most effective weapon for
securing to the labor union in any trade a complete
monopoly. Its direct effect is to secure and
maintain a monopoly, and to facilitate the enforcement
of serious penalties for disobedience to the
union.
I find every one of these eight principles to be
in defence of
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC LIBERTY.
They all bear that test. It is not to industrial
affairs alone that this test may be safely and
wisely applied. I am sure it should be applied
to every educational policy. It is only when the
governmental policy of school, college or university
tends towards liberty—that is, tends to give
play to the free spirit of youth—that the policy
will have any hope of long life or large hope of
conferring practical benefits on the community.
So it is with wars and with governmental policies.
Have there been any wars which later generations
remember with gratitude except those
out of which came some increase, or development,
or protecting of public liberty? Are there any
promising or even prudent policies in government
except those which do away with some restraint
of freedom, or give freer play to the native
human instinct for liberty?

I come now to the second test which I conceive
should be applied to all employers' policies, namely
this: do they tend to promote good-will between
employers and employed? After all, the great
thing to be done to make the industries of any
people effective is to secure the good-will of the
men and women that labor in those industries.
What is the reason that slavery as an industrial
method is
NOTORIOUSLY UNPRODUCTIVE
and costly? There is no good-will in it. What
is the reason that any man who feels that he is
working for the direct benefit of his family and
himself will work a deal harder than a man who
has no such belief? It is all a question of goodwill.
If all the work-people in our country, organized
or unorganized, felt to-day that they were
working for their own uplifting and then their
own happiness, they would work with such a will
that the productiveness and general efficiency of
labor would mount to an inconceivable height.
The ultimate question about the industrial situation
is, therefore, how to promote good-will in
labor. We must all desire that every individual
employer should constantly bear in mind this test
of his own policy, and of his association's policy—
does it tend toward good-will between the employer
and the employed? How can this tendency
be secured? Only by thoughtfulness, consideration
and sympathy, and by constant care for
right relations between the employer and employed.
How can such right feelings be expressed?
Not by any form of benevolence or condescension,
and not by the giving of favors, but
by the recognition of rights and the giving of
earned privileges. Of course we all believe that
the arrangements called "welfare" arrangements
tend in the direction I am now advocating; but
welfare arrangements should never be presented
as if they were a benevolence. They are really
means of promoting efficiency and productiveness,
and of securing the natural good-will and the
natural co-operative effort between employer and
employed. All health arrangements come under
this head. The great depressing influences that
DIMINISH NATIONAL PRODUCTIVENESS
are low bodily condition, sickness and premature
death, all of which result from failure to take
care of the bodily vigor and the animal spirits of
the workmen.
All contrivances which make the workman feel
that he has a personal share in the success of the
shop or factory in which he labors tend strongly
to the promotion of good-will. We need, however,
many more inventions of this sort. We
already have the method of piece work, of contract
work by groups of workmen, the premium
method, the method of commission on sales, the
rising wage with length of service, and the sharing
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
of profits with the employes. All these are experimental.
There is a difficulty with all of
them—namely, that a method which works well
when the establishment is profitable may work ill
or not at all, when the same establishment is unprofitable.
New inventions and new experiments
are needed in this direction, new means of promoting
the sense of common interest between the
employer and employed. The problem of establishing
good will between the employer and the
employed will, however, take us much farther
than welfare arrangements and profit-sharing.
The employer will have to interest himself not
only in the efficient productiveness of his workmen
while they are at work, but in their social
surroundings and their opportunities for rational
pleasure. There is no separating attention to the
general physical and mental well-being of large
groups of working people from the industrial
problem of establishing good-will. Municipal well
being must be made a part of industrial well
being; and
THE THOUGHTFUL EMPLOYER
will interest himself in the condition of the town
or city where his works are established, and in
the opportunities for enjoyment it affords, just
as he will interest himself in the tidiness and
wholesomeness of his factory, and in the appearance
of the grounds about his works. A dirty,
squalid, ugly town, without parks, playground,
libraries, cheerful schools, gardens, lectures and
concerts, and overhung night and day by a pall
of smoke, can never be the permanent seat of a
prominent industry where reign health and goodwill.
Among sound employers' policies may always be
included their policy in regard to the discipline
of the works or shops, for the reason that this
policy has a great deal to do with the establishment
and maintenance of good-will. It is a reasonable
expectation on the part of workingmen,
who feel that they are in partnership with the
owner, that they should have a right to confer
with him about the rules of the works. It is a
reasonable expectation that complaints should be
promptly attended to and investigated by the
right person— not by the person who is complained
of, or by any impartial and arbitrary
person. It is amazing how rough and thoughtless
many employers have been in this respect.
An employer of many thousands of men in a crude
industry which demands vigor and a certain daring
in the individual workman once told me that
he attributed his exemption for thirty years from
serious labor difficulties to a careful method of
DEALING JUSTLY WITH COMPLAINTS.
The employer's ignorance about just sources
of complaint, or his failure to provide a just
method of dealing with complaints, is the com-

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
monest source of ill will between an employer
and his workmen. Since the establishment of
good-will in the workmen will inevitably be highly
profitable in any commercial or industrial under­
taking, the things which promote good-will should
engage the constant attention of all employers,
and the promotion of good-will should be the best
test of the policies of employers' associations.
I discern, then, three tests which the public may
well apply to the policies of the employers, and
indeed to the policies of trade unions as well:
first, do they take sufficient account of the immense
variety of industries, shops, stores, em­
ployments and occupations? Uniform regulations
or policies, except in regard to fundamental matters
,are not to be expected. Secondly do they
promote personal and public liberty? Thirdly, do
they promote good-will?
It is obvious that many of the policies which
employers have pursued in the past will not stand
these tests. There is great room for improvement
and for the manifestation of a wiser and kindlier
spirit than the past has brought down to us.
Unions or associations among men or women
who follow the same business or calling, whether
employers or employed, are perfectly
NATURAL AND INEVITABLE
under free institutions, where the right of association
is universally conceded and, indeed, pro­
tected by law. The labor union and the employers'
association are both going to last; but
both need to consider and reconsider their policies,
and to make them conform better than they
have ever done to the elementary principles of
public justice and public liberty; so that together
they may promote peace and good-will among men.
The trade union is indeed indispensable in the
great industries which employ thousands of work­
people—men and women. It provides a desirable
facility for the single employer and for the
associations of employers; for it permits them to
confer with, or consult, great bodies of employes
through elected representatives. What we must
regret is. not the existence of the unions, but that
their policies have in several important respects
been misdirected. What we have to hope is that
out of this conflict between trade unions on the
one hand and employers' associations on the other
there will arise two safe, just and wise lines of
co-operative policy—one in the unions, the other
in the associations of employers.
To Investigate Kansas Mine Explosions.
The Kansas legislature has passed a bill author­
izing the appointment of a commission to investigate
and report on the causes of mine explosions
in the Pittsburg coal field in that state. The mov­
ing cause for this action is the fact that there
have been recently a number of explosions of gas—
possibly of dust—in that field. Some loss of life
and considerable damage to property have resulted,
and the question has arisen whether the
Kansas mines are properly safeguarded against
danger from this cause. The commission will ex­
amine into the causes, and propose remedies.
Governor Hoch has appointed the following as
members of the commission: J. A. Orr, state coal
mine inspector; Archie Fulton, inspector of state
mine; Edward Barton, professor of organic chemistry
in the University of Kansas. It will be
noticed that the operators are not represented on
this commission. They have asked to have such
representation, and it is probable that two mem­
bers will be added to the commission at their
request.
THE WORLD'S COAL PRODUCTION.
The following table shows the world's production
of coal and the share supplied by the United
States, at quinquennial periods, from 1870 to 1900,
and annually from 1900 to 1903:
World's pro- —Produced by U. S.—
Year. duction. Total. Per cent.
Million tons. Million tons.
1870 213.1 32.9 15.4
1875 275.4 46.7 17.0
1880 330.3 68.0 20.6
1885 399.8 99.2 24.8
1890 503.3 140.9 28.0
1895 575.1 172.4 30.0
1900 755.4 240.8 31.9
1901 777.4 261.9 33.7
1902 788.9 269.3 33.9
1903 864.1 319.1 36.9
Of this enormous output of 319 million tons by
the United States, practically the entire amount
is consumed in the domestic market, as the exports
of coal have averaged but about 5% million
tons per annum during the last five years, and
have never exceeded more than 3 per cent, of the
total .product of a single year. Imports of coal
into the United States are also small, and in the
last calendar year amounted to but about 1%
million tons, as against 3 1 :': millions in 1903, having
averaged about 1% millions per annum in the
decade from 1894 to 1903.
Colonist Tickets to the West and Southwest
via Pennsylvania Lines.
March 21st, special one-way second-class colonist
tickets will be sold to points in the West and
Southwest Territory via Pennsylvania Lines. For
full particulars regarding fares, time of trains,
etc., call on nearest Ticket Agent of those lines.
J. K. Dillon, District Passenger Agent, 515 Park
Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
A PORTABLE BOILER AND AIR COMPRESSOR.
There is a demand in many industries for a
portable air compressing outfit which can easily
be carried from one location to another and used
for the operation of drills, chipping and riveting
tools, sand blasting and similar purposes. The
outfit illustrated herewith has been designed at
the Clayton air compressor works, 114 Liberty
street, New York City. It is entirely self-contained,
as the boiler, compressed air receiver, air
compressor and circulating pump for cooling the
air cylinder jackets are all mounted on one truck.
For riveting hammers the compressor is proportioned
to deliver air at about 100 pounds
pressure per square inch, while for sand blasting
and stone tools, air is supplied at 70 pounds pressure.
The receiver permits the storing of air
so that a much larger number of tools
may be operated than otherwise, since
it is only occasionally that all
tools are in operation at the
same time. The pressure of
the air is maintained by a pressure
governor, while the compressor
is prohibited from
running away, in case of a
break on the air line, by a flyball
speed governor, the two
governors being so combined
that they operate upon a common
throttle valve. The com­
COASTWISE COAL SHIPMENTS.
Coastwise coal shipments for 1903 and 1904 compare
as follows:
1904. 1903.
Tons. Tons.
From New York 21,296,400 18,040,094
From Philadelphia 5,542,264 6,215,321
From Baltimore 2,302,788 1,731,896
From Newport News 2,655,697 1,790,479
From Norfolk 2,119,513 1,673,940
Total 33,916,662 29,451,730
Of the amount for 1904, 18,925,549 tons was soft
coal and 14,991,H3 tons anthracite. The figures
include the coal supplied to the coastwise vessels
for their own use as fuel. In 1904 such coal
amounted to 3,436,084 tons. Of the New York
shipments, the largest single item—nearly half of
the total—covers the tonnage ferried from the
several New Jersey termini to Manhattan. Boston
receives the heaviest shipments from all the above
ports, but New York City receives almost no coal
pressor engine exhausts into the stack, thus increasing
the draught. The air compressor cylinder
walls are jacketed and are supplied with
cooling water by a small duplex pump.
by water from other than the immediate harbor
points, as above mentioned.
Trade on the great lakes during the two years,
among all domestic shipping and receiving ports,
may be stated thus: 1903. 1904.
Shipments: Tons. Tons.
Anthracite 3,931,693 3,459,212
Bituminous 10,876,111 10,666,012
Total shipments.. 14,807,804 14,125,224
Receipts:
Anthracite 3,829,389 3.463,102
Bituminous 9,516,954 9,568,941
Total receipts 13,346,343 13,032,043
Shipments, as in the Atlantic coastwise trade,
include coal supplied for vessel fuel. Shipments
to Canadian lake ports, not included in the above
totals, were, in 1904: Anthracite. 1,660,453 tons;
bituminous, 4,656,900 tons, showing, as compared
with 1903, an increase of 25,649 tons of anthracite
and a decrease of 362,514 tons of soft coal.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SECOND DISTRICT MINERS MEET.
The annual convention of the United Mine Workers
of the Second bituminous district of Pennsylvania
held its first session yesterday at Altoona.
The work of the convention will take up about
five days' time and immediately after its final
adjournment the scale conference between representatives
of the miners and the operators of the
Central Pennsylvania soft coal field will be held.
The miners will re-elect their present district
officers whose candidacy is without opposition.
These officers are: President, Patrick Gilday, of
Morrisdale; vice-president, William McPherson, of
Barnesboro; secretary-treasurer, Richard Gilbert,
of Clearfield; national executive board member,
Thomas Haggerty, of Reynoldsville. The resolutions
passed at sub-district conventions indicate
that the miners will formulate a scale carrying an
advance on the present basic rates of the district.
This, as previously stated in THE COAL TRADE
BULLETIN, will be met by a counter proposition
from the operators who are unanimous in the
opinion that it will be impossible to continue to
operate the majority of the mines in the district
unless the cost of production is lowered.
WAGE SCALES OF 1896 and 1904.
The following tables, compiled by Vice-President
T. L. Lewis, of the United Mine Workers, present
an interesting comparison of the wages of Pittsburgh
district mine workers in 1896 with those of
the present:
PICK MINING. For 1896
1% in. screen
Mining screen coal, per ton $ .54
Room turning 1.71
Entry per yard and coal 61
Breakthroughs, rooms per yard 35
For 1904
1% in. screen
Mining screen coal, per ton $ .85
Room turning 3.21
Entry per yard and coal 1.74
Breakthroughs, rooms per yard 1.22
MACHINE MINING—CHAIN MACHINE.
For 1896
Loading and drilling rooms, per ton $ .27
Loading and drilling entries, per ton 25
Loading and drilling entries, per yd. ex 33
Cutting entry, per ton no
Cutting room, per ton uniform
Room turning, cutter rate
Room turning, loader
For 1904
Loading and drilling rooms, per ton $ .46°''j
Loading and drilling entries, per ton 57 9-10
Loading and drilling entries, per yard. ex. .27 1-5
Cutting entry, per ton 1397
Cutting room, per ton 10%
Room turning, cutter entry
Room turning, loading price
DAY WAGE SCALE. 1896 1904
10 hrs. 8 hrs.
Drivers, per day $1.55 $2.42
Tracklayers, per day various 2.42
Tracklayers, per day 1.35 2.42
Inside labor, per day prices 2.42
Trappers, per day 50 106%
The above statement does not include the entire
scale of wages for mining and day labor. In the
year 1896 there was generally nothing paid for
room turning, and in many places entries were
driven for a free turn.
WASHINGTON'S COAL PRODUCTION.
The report of C. F. Owen, Washington state
inspector of coal mines, shows the following tonnage:
1903. 1904.
Coal mined 3,190,477 2,905,689
Exported from coast 948,909 838,298
Coke made 47,916 46,175
Exports have been affected by the Russian-Japanese
war and by the rapid advance in the use of
petroleum fuel in California. Local consumption
has suffered from the installation of water-driven
electric generators, but the utilization as domestic
fuel is rapidly growing. All the coke is made in
Pierce county. The disastrous explosion at Burnett,
last December, has been attributed, with
certainty, to coal dust. From the evidence given
and from his own investigations. Mr. Owen concludes
that a heavy blown-out shot created a
thick dust, which formed with the liberated gases,
an explosive mixture which was then ignited by a
following shot.
TO HOLD DEPARTMENTAL MEETINGS.
The first of a series of departmental conferences
for the exchange of ideas among the heads of the
principal departments of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
was held recently. The departments represented
included the executive, legal, sales, operating,
traffic, accounting, treasury, transportation
and engineering. The meeting is to be followed
by others to be held semi-monthly, and the subjects
to be discussed will be those of the various
departments with relation to their effect on other
departments and to the affairs of the company as
a whole. One of the principal aims of these meetings
is to simplify as far as possible transactions
between the various departments and thereby expedite
the business of the company and its subsidiary
interests.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
IflTHITTITTTITTTTTIfHTIIIIMHIflTflTTIIIimilH
A generally improved tone due to better transportation
conditions, the approaching reopening
of navigation and the arrival of the season for
making new contracts prevails in the coal market.
There has been no stiffening of prices and no evidence
of a demand that cannot be readily taken
care of, but the general outlook is much more
encouraging than it was a fortnight ago and a
generally hopeful feeling exists in all quarters.
In the Western soft coal trade business continues
brisk with prices holding firm, the only weakness
apparent being in the Illinois and Indiana product.
Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia coals
are holding up well, both the demand and the supply
being good. The serious scarcity due to severe
weather in the extreme West and Southwest
is at an end and while there has been a large influx
of coal into this territory since rail transportation
has resumed its normal facility, the demand
has been sufficiently heavy to prevent the
swamping which stagnated the market during the
early part of the winter. In the lower lake region
steam coal is stronger although supplies are
ample. Domestic coals show a falling off in demand
owing to milder weather. In the upper
lake region stocks are a trifle lower than at this
time last year which is keeping prices firm in the
face of the strong probability of an early resumption
of navigation. In the South there is still
a considerable scarcity due to interference with
production resulting from serious accidents and
weather conditions. Milder weather is now prevailing
and as the conditions depending on it
are present, a considerable increase in output, all
of which will be needed, is to be expected. Pennsylvania
and West Virginia coal is beginning to
reach the lower Mississippi in considerable quantities
and the shortage difficulties of that section
are probably over for the season. In the Pittsburgh
district the market is in excellent condition
with most of the mines working. With all
of the industries of the district operating at their
utmost capacity, a fair car supply and rail transportation
conditions and the accumulated supplies
of river coal safely on their way down the Ohio,
the outlook is the best that it has been for some
time. Nearly 6,000,000 bushels got out on the
present rise and the majority of the tows cleared
the danger points intact, thanks to the careful
policy which held them back until the heavy runs
of ice were out of the way. The heavy output of
ice at the beginning of the rise did considerable
damage to steam and carrying craft so unfortunate
as to be caught in or immediately below the
big gorges which formed during the long period
of very cold weather, the damage being conservatively
estimated at $600,000. Run-of-mine coal is
still quoted at $1.05 to $1.10.
Despite the fact that the last weekly coke shipment
was the largest in the history of the upper
Connellsville field, aggregating 267,000 tons, the
price of coke is still going up. This is due to
the large shortage in the South and to the resumption
of many furnaces in the East, in addition
to the continued increase of iron and steel
output throughout the West. Shipping facilities
are good and buyers are paying more attention to
last half coke than to the spot article with the
result that there is no material difference in their
prices. The quotations are $2.40 to $2.50 for
furnace and $3 to $3.25 for foundry, according to
quality.
The Atlantic seaboard soft coal trade shows
gretably improved conditions. The severe weather
and the ice blockades seem to be fairly out of the
way for the rest of the year, and car supply and
transportation show some improvement, although
they still remain irregular. The prices on soft
coal vary from day to day, but $2.90, f. o. b. New
York harbor shipping points, is a fair quotation
for ordinary grades of steam coal, prices ranging
up and down from this, according to quality. The
contract season for the coming year has opened,
and a considerable amount of trade has been
closed. It is hard to name a specific price, as
qualities vary to a great extent, but as an average
quotation for a fair grade of steam coal, $2.65@
$2.70, f. o. b. New York shipping points, may be
stated as the figure at which business is being
done. This is slightly lower than the quotation
at which contracts were closed at the beginning
of last year, although in some cases, prices were
reduced slightly, after the contracts for that year
were made. By reducing the opening quotations
for this year, it is hoped that a steadier contract
price will prevail. The main line roads have
notified producers that the same through freight
rates to tide, that were in force last year, will
stand without change for the coming season, beginning
April 1. Trade in the far East seems to
be calling more strongly for coal, and is urging a
prompt shipment of accumulated orders.
The hard coal trade is showing greater activity
as a result of improved transportation facilities.
March, however, is always a month of dull busi-

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ness, but this year the sales seem to be somewhat
more numerous than usual. Large buyers, however,
are holding back in anticipation of the 50c.
discount, which will go into force on the first of
April, and besides this, no one would think of
buying large stocks of coal just now, to carry him
along. Prices are practically unchanged.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
that the market remains very quiet with a weaker
tone, and with quotations as follows: Best Welsh
steam coal, $3.54; seconds, $3.36; thirds, $3.18;
dry coals, $3.36; best Monmouthshire, $3.18; seconds,
$3.06; best small steam coal, $2.10; seconds.
$1.98; other sorts, $1.92.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 28).
$33,971.25 of whicli $14,129.75 had been contributed
by the company. Commenting on these figures
in the last annual report to stockholders,
President Robbins said: "These figures, however,
cannot give an adequate idea of the great good
that has been accomplished by the employes' association.
It has not only brough relief to hundreds
of employes' families in need of help, but it has
inculcated in many otners habits of thrift which
lead to improved conditions and instill hope for
the future. A fine spirit of confidence in the
company and loyalty to its interests have been
awakened, the value of which cannot be measured;
they must, however, be great factors in the future
success of the company. It will be the policy of
the management to foster and encourage the work
of the association in every practical way."
At its inception the relief plan of the association
was opposed by the labor leaders for the
obvious reason that they preferred, if large sums
of money were to be raised in the mining commutes,
they would like to have the disbursement
of it in their own hands. The opposition of these
leaders took the extreme form of a convention
at Pittsburgh early in the year 1903 at which
practically all of the organized mines in the Pittsburgh
district were represented. There were
strong speeches made against the Pittsburgh Coal
Co.'s plan and strong statements were made about
very much better plans for the distribution of
relief which might be put into operation, etc., but
nothing came of this opposition—we went right
along working out our plan until such time as
somebody should come forward with a better one,
which has not happened up to this time, and the
overwhelming endorsement of our plan by the
men themselves has swept away entirely the opposition
of the leaders; in fact, they now heartily
commend the work of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
Employes' Association and I believe the attitude
of organized labor, with respect to our welfare
work, is correctly reflected in an editorial published
in a recent issue of the United Mine Workers'
Journal, as follows:
"In another column will be found the report of
Pittsburgh Coal Co.'s Employes' Association.
It, in connection with the Death and Accident
Association, forms two very worthy objects and
which ought to be widely followed. The latter
shows that from April 1, 1902, until October
31, 1904, nearly $165,000 has been paid to disabled
employes or in death benefits to their
families. The other shows that 1,377 employes
of the conipany own 11,729 shares of the company's
stock. The average cost of this stock
per share was $74.80. The earnings of these
shares have been $116,967.08, of which there is
an undivided balance of $39,874.39. These shares
have paid back sums ranging from $31 to four
cents, according to the length of time they have
been held. These figures tell clearer than words
what Messrs. Robbins, Hornberger and Jones are
doing to relieve the 'labor question' of its rancor
and turmoil.
"There is a great corporation, the largest of its
kind in the world, officered by men, who in the
multitude of perplexing duties, have hearts and
minds for the men who toil for them. The sordid
side of wealth has not appealed to them. The
merciless struggle for dividends has not deadened
their manhood or their sense of equity and justice.
"Then behold the Death and Accident Association,
in all of its beneficence, its mercies and
goodness. The 19.250 men who contribute to
its funds have an anchor against the surges of
trouble's seas. Hurt in the mines? You are not
left to the mercies of charity. You do not have
to grovel and cringe for necessaries or medical
attention. Why? Because the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. inaugurated a system, backed it with its dollars,
officered it with men of commanding ability,
and helped you erect a barrier against want and
woe in the time of death or disaster. It is such
things as these that rob the anarchists and the
Parryites of their power to poison the minds of
workingmen against their employers and cause
them to stand as a bulwark against the assaults
of the demagogues.
"It also teaches practically, how by thrift and
industry the workingmen themselves may easily
work for themselves instead of others rather than
by chasing rainbows and chimeras. It is a
wholesome object lesson against the ravings and
industrial insanities far too prevalent at present."
The Maine Central railroad sheds at Waterville.
Me., containing 1,000 tons of coal, were burned
on March 6, causing a loss of about $10,000.

To that class of professional liars, who, in the
guise of newspaper correspondents, make a practice
of prostituting, for a few cents, their veracity
and integrity, nothing offers a better field than
the occasional mine or railroad accident. This is
amply shown by the accident in the United States
Coal & Coke Co.'s No. 1 shaft near Welch, W. Va.,
in which seven men lost their lives. This casualty
list was sufficiently regrettable but the newspaper
correspondents of the neighborhood flashed to the
world the announcement that from fifteen to
twenty-three men were dead, an indefinite number
entombed, the mine wrecked and afire and the
company to blame. Nor did they take the trouble
to tell the truth later, though the circumstances
were such that they must have known it from the
first. Normal humanity takes no pleasure in reading
of death and disaster and while it accepts
actual facts as current events, it has no desire
for greater shocks than are necessary. In justice
to it and to those who are sufferers both by accident
and by the false and exaggerated reports
which so frequently follow, as well as to themselves,
the newspapers should put a stop to the
criminal mendacity of dishonest correspondents.
The accident referred to was an explosion which
occurred at a time when there were only seven
men in the .mine. No men were entombed, the
mine was neither wrecked nor set afire and nothing
has been found to show that the owners were
at fault. Yet in order to add perhaps fifty cents
to their "space string" the correspondents who
wired reports of the accident to the newspapers
have led hundreds of thousands of people to believe
that it was a "mine horror" of the first
magnitude, for which the "coal barons" who own
the plant were responsible.
—o—
With the bright light of the twentieth century
illuminating the industrial page of history so that
all who run may read, it seems almost incredible
that there can be men so blind to progress, to say
nothing of their personal interest, as to wish to
continue the antiquated system of limiting output
in the supposed interest of labor. Yet so
widespread is the existence of this fallacious idea
in some quarters that journals devoted to the interests
of organized labor still find it necessary
to use their best efforts to eradicate it sufficiently
to prevent the inevitable harm its adherents would
inflict on the cause of labor were they permitted
to rule its councils.
—o—
The Russian is "up against it" wherever he
goes. The miners' organization has refused to
sanction a strike at Ellsworth, Pa., brought about
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
by Russians, one of whose number demanded as
his right the room in which he had worked when
formerly employed in that mine.
—o—
Congressman Burton did so well at the dinner
of the Pittsburgh Board of Trade on March 7
that it is suggested that if he could be kept in the
city for a month or so he might be much improved
for congressional uses.
Dealers of Lincoln, Neb., state that their better
trade has always confined itself to Pennsylvania
anthracite until this winter, when the dealers were
unable to get it, on account of snow blockades, and
the Arkansas anthracite, which had been a drug
on the market, began to sell.
*
The H. L. Seabright Co. has been formed at
Wheeling, W. Va., with a capital of $25,000, to engage
in the retail coal business.
*
Norcross & Mahannah have sold their coal and
lumber business at Beatrice, Neb., to the Searle
& Chapin Lumber Co.
.T O'Shea has sold his lumber business at
Madison, Neb., but will continue in the coal and
grain business.
*
The Olustee Mill, Gin & Fuel Co. has been incorporated
at Olustee, Okla., with a capital of
$20,000.
*
George W. Gribben has sold his wholesale coal
business at Lincoln, Neb., to William Gutzner &
Son.
*
C. E. Strode has succeeded to the wood and coal
business of Strode & Glasscock, at Hannibal, Mo.
J. D. Hunter has purchased the grain and coal
business of G. A. Harbaugh, at Alva, Okla.
L. L. Hawes has sold his coal business at Fort
Worth, Texas, to the Hill Fuel Co.
*
J. L. Baker has sold out his stock of coal, etc.,
at Beemer, Neb., to W. F. Fried, Jr.
#
B. Roberts has purchased the coal business of
P. Fitch at Marriman, Neb.
*
W. M. Taylor has sold his coal business at Wymore.
Neb., to A. R. Morris.
*
The dissolution is reported of the Union Fuel
Co., of Omaha. Neb.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
r**\ PERSONAL. >••«
Mr. S. C. Gailey has been made auditor of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co., with headquarters at Pittsburgh,
the appointment becoming effective on
March 1. Mr. Gailey came to Pittsburgh from
Chicago, wliere he had been assistant auditor at
the head of the Western department of the Pittsburgh
conipany. The appointment was made to
relieve Comptroller J. B. L. Hornberger of duties
belonging to the office of auditor and which have
been performed by Mr. Hornberger since his promotion
to the office of comptroller about a year
ago. The change gives Mr. Hornberger more
time for general duties assigned by President
AUDITOR S. C. GAILEY, OK THK PITTSBURGH COAL Co.
Robbins and the general supervision of the accounts
of the company. Mr. Gailey, to whose
ability his latest promotion is a most significant
tribute, is a native of Pennsylvania, having been
born at Indiana. Pa., April 7, 1870. He came to
Pittsburgh in 1888, starting his business career
in the offices of the F. L. Robbins coal interests.
He continued there until after the formation of
the Pittsburgh Coal Co. The voucher bureau of
this company was organized and instituted by
Mr. Gailey when the company was formed. Subsequently
he was traveling auditor of the company
for about a year. In May, 1901, he was
transferred to Minneapolis, being elected secretary
and treasurer of the Pioneer Fuel Co., one of the
underlying interests of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
In January, 1902. he was also elected secretary and
treasurer of the Youghiogheny & Lehigh Coal Co.,
controlled by the Pittsburgh Coal Co., and with
headquarters at Minneapolis. From Minneapolis
he was transferred to Chicago. During the time
that Mr. Gailey was located at Minneapolis and
Chicago, the Northwestern interests of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. were extended materially and in
the systematizing of that portion of the company's
properties, he rendered much valuable assistance
to Mr. C. E. Wales, vice-president of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. and in charge of the Northwestern
interests of that company.
Mr. E. G. Bailey, who was sent by the Fairmont
Coal Co. to La Plata, Argentina, several months
ago, with a cargo of the company's coal to be
tested by the Buenos Ayres Western Railroad Co.,
has notified his firm that the tests, which were
publicly conducted, demonstrated that its product
proved superior in steam producing qualities to
all others submitted, including Scotch and Welsh
coals, and that if satisfactory freight rates can
be obtained some large contracts are assured.
Mr. Charles W. Friend has been elected president
of C. Jutte & Co. to succeed Capt. G. W.
Thomas, who has been made master of transportation
for the company on account of the increase
in its shipping business.
MORRIS RUN STRIKERS LIKELY
TO ACCEPT OPERATORS' TERMS.
At a conference between the officials of the
Morris Run Coal Co. and the officials of the United
Mine Workers, including a committee of the
strikers, held at Corning, N. Y., on February 28,
the company offered a proposition which probably
will form the basis of a settlement of the strike
which has existed for the last eleven months.
The proposition submitted by the company would
give to the miners 69 cents per ton for coal 40
inches in thickness and a graduated scale for
coal under 40 inches of 1% cents per ton additional
until it reaches 24 inches when the rate
would be 91 cents per ton. This last rate is the
same as was paid prior to the reduction last year,
while the rate for the high coal is 22 cents per
ton less. As the 40 inch coal in Morris Run is of
such small proportion to the thin coal, however,
this section of the rate is not likely to stand in
the way of a settlement. The officers of the district
miners' organization as well as the other
advisors of the strikers are endeavoring earnestly
to have the proposition accepted as the basis for
an agreement. A few minor changes will be
necessary but it is believed they can be arranged
without difficulty and that the long controversy
will be enued.

Because a Russian miner, who had quit some
days previously to go to work in another mine.
did not get his own room back when he was reemployed,
a strike was declared at one of the Ellsworth
Coal Co.'s mines at Ellsworth, Pa. The
complainant interested several of his countrymen
and they in turn, by misrepresentation, succeeded
in involving the checkweighman and some of the
English-speaking miners. Upon tne refusal of
the officials of the coal company to right the
alleged grievance there was some disorder on the
part of the foreign element among the miners
but it was quickly quelled by the civil authorities.
President Dolan, Vice-President Bellingham and
National Organizer McKay, of the miners' organization,
addressed meetings of the strikers after
making a thorough investigation and definitely informed
them that they were wrong and that if
they did not return to work immediately the union
would assist the company to fill their places.
* * *
The mine workers of sub-district No. 1 of the
Second bituminous district held their convention
at Ebensburg, Pa., during the week beginning
February 27. Thirty-five delegates, representing
6,500 miners, were present. In the election of
officers. President Michael McTaggart and Secretary-Treasurer
Patrick McCarthy were both beaten.
David Irvine, of Hastings, was elected president;
James Vallery, of Barnesboro, vice-president; William
Marsden. of Barnesboro, secretary-treasurer,
and John Welch, of Barnesboro, board member of
district No. 2. The convention pledged the miners'
financial and moral support toward the establishment
of the Miners' accident hospital of Northern
Cambria county.
* * *
Mine Inspector T. K. Adams reports that the
output of the Third bituminous district of Pennsylvania,
last year, was 3,213.000 tons. Thirteen
new mines were opened and five were abandoned.
The mines of the district employ 7,100 men. There
were 12 fatal accidents. The output of the district
showed a decrease of 252,782 tons, due
mainly to the strike at the mines of the United
States Steel Corporation. The production of the
district by counties was as follows: Armstrong.
1,362,924; Mercer, 632,506; Clarion, 582,462; Butler,
453,828; Lawrence. 171,293.
* * *
An insurance scheme started by miners in the
Illinois district has received the endorsement of
the national body of United Mine Workers of
America, and it may be extended to take in other
districts, where conditions are favorable.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
The executive boards of three anthracite districts
of the United Mine Workers went into conference
at Hazleton, pa., on March 10 to discuss
the recent court decision upholding the miners'
certificate law and to formulate measures for defending
the statute in the further proceedings to
be taken to test its constitutionality.
* * *
President Gompers, of the American Federation
of Labor, has warned the labor organizations in
the federation to steer clear of the Debs socialist
gathering booked for June 27. Mr. Gompers
tersely remarks that a glance over the list of those
who signed the call should be sufficient to show
the aims and objects of the affair.
* * *
The anthracite mines are taking active steps to
prevent the repeal of the act of July 15, 1897,
which provides for the protection of the lives of
miners by prohibiting any miner to work in any
anthracite mine until after he has secured a certificate
showing that he is competent to fill the
position of a miner.
* * *
An increased force of organizers has been sent
into the Connellsville region to endeavor to organize
the coke workers and miners of that field.
* * *
The Somerset Coal Co. has over 1,000 men at
work at its mines on the Salisbury branch of the
Baltimore & Ohio near Meyersdale, Pa.
* * *
It is estimated that there are over 2,000,000 coal
miners in the world.
Dominion Company To Compete.
The Dominion Coal Co. has decided to invade
the Toronto and Western Ontario eoal markets.
Up to the present time the market of these districts
has been regarded as belonging to the American
coal companies, owing to their being able to
reach it by the water route across the lake. The
Dominion conipany directors hold the opinion that
the market should belong to the Canadian companies,
and when secured would enable them to
greatly increase their output. The Dominion company,
in addition to securing a special class of
boats to handle the inland traffic from Montreal
to Toronto, will also construct large coal elevators
in the harbor of Toronto. The principal customers
will include a number of the industrial concerns
with which some of the interests of the coal
company are also identified. Toronto will be used
as the principal distributing center for Ontario.
The company has also made contracts in Prescott,
Brockville, Kingston and other towns between
Toronto and Montreal.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The A. S. Cameron steam pump works, New
York, reports its February business as encouraging
and the volume of orders increasing. Among
the most recent installations it reports the following:
Over a score of pumps of different sizes and
types, but mostly mine pumps, for the Union iron
works, San Francisco, Cal.; three more pumps
of large capacity for use in the New York and
Brooklyn tunnel at Battery Park, New York City,
supplied to the Barrett Mfg. Co.; several pumps
with removable bushings for pumping tar for the
D., L. & W. R. R. in New Jersey; another of their
large light service pumps for the Western Tube
Co., a duplicate of many they have in use; three
of their general service pumps of different size
for McClung & Co., Knoxville, Tenn.; three large
pumps for Roy & Titcomb, Nogales, Ariz.; three
general service pumps for the Oil Well Supply Co.,
Bradford, Pa.; a powerful pump of large capacity
for the Long Mead Iron Co., for use in their rolling
mill; a light service pump of the removable
bushing pattern for use in the navy yard at Norfolk,
Va.; several pumps with removable bushings
for the Shakespeare Gold Mine Co., Webwood, Ont..
and the Pilling Island. Pyrites Co., Pilling Island.
Can.; a number of boiler feeders and general service
pumps for Griffiths & Nathaniels, Poultney.
Vt.; Granville Die & Machine Works, Granville,
N. Y.; New Suddy Coal Co., Tennessee; the H.
Channon Co.. Chicago; the Hullock Milling Co.,
Hullock, Md.; the Department of Water Supply.
Alexandria, Ind.; also a number of vertical plunger
sinking pumps, and also of the compound pot
valve plunger station pumps. The foreign shipments
have been quite active. Over a dozen light
pumps were ordered from London for delivery to
the West coast of Africa. Six pumps direct to
Auckland, N. Z., and special sinking and station
pumps to Ste\ Anonyme des Mines d'Or de Territo,
Brazil, and Cia. Mina de Penolis, Mapimi,
Dgo., Mex.
o o o
Bulletin No. 2,000, the first of a series to be
issude by the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co., on
labor-saving tools operated by compressed air. is
being distributed. It is devoted to a description
of the construction and advantages of the Mac­
Donald rivet forge. These bulletins will be issued
periodically by the pneumatic tool department of
the Ingersoll-Sergeant Co. and will be sent on
application.
o o o
conipany and outlines its other products. It is
practically an introduction to the Ingersoll-Sergeant
air compressor catalogue No. 35, and the
company's blue book on air compressors.
An automatic feed pump and receiver is described
in Bulletin B-81 issued by the Geo. F.
Blake Manufacturing Co., of New York City. This
apparatus is arranged to automatically pump
water of condensation directly back to the boilers
and is used for draining steam coils, radiators.
heaters, drying cylinders, steam jackets, etc.
| CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. «
The sale of 40,000 acres of coal land for $2,400,-
000, the erection of costly mining plants, the opening
and equipment of a score of mines, the construction
of a coke plant of 1,800 ovens and the
building of 26 miles of railroad is the latest development
in the McGaughey coal tract in Indiana
county, Pa. The project will require an investment
of close to $6,000,000. For almost two years
the development of the tract has been held up by
litigation over the expiration period of the options
granted by the property owners. In the meantime
the coal lands have advanced in value to the
extent of about $1,000,000. The Indiana and Eastern
railroad, for which a charter was recently
issued, will be built especially to develop the
tract and will have a length of 26 miles, running
in a loop from a point two miles West of Livermore
on the West Penn railroad to Edri on the
same road, making connection with the Buffalo,
Rochester & Pittsburgh at Clarksburg.
The H. C. Frick Coke Co. is completing one of
the most modern coke plants in the country,
which will be put in operation next fall. The
ovens number 1,000 in all and are divided among
three plants, one of which is at Bitner, one at
Shoaf and the other at York Run, in Fayette
county, and in a field that had not been touched
by the company up to this time. The company
has had to build new towns, open new mines and
establish an entirely new equipment and in doing
this has adopted more modern ideas than has been
Iiossible before.
The Dominion Coal Co. is about to make a number
of alterations and improvements at Sydney,
N. S. Among them is the installation of Denton
hoists for the raising and lowering of the chutes
by which coal is loaded on the ships. These were
The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co.'s latest air com­ previously operated by ordinary winches and repressor
leaflet, form 35-A, is at hand. It sums up quired the attention of two men for 20 minutes.
in a few words the important facts concerning the The new hoist will lower the chute in less than a
different types of air compressors made by the minute, and is operated by one man. The coal

company will also erect a large power house at
the piers and supply its own power for lighting.
etc.
The Pittsburgh Railways Co. has acquired 250
acres of coal land near Bridgeville, Pa., from
which it will draw its own fuel supply. There is
a mine in operation on the tract and it is the intention
of the company to spend $50,000 on electric
equipment and make the workings up-to-date
in every respect.
Plans are being matured for the active development
of a large new independent tract of coal
in the Hocking Valley region, by the Canaan Coal
Co., of Athens, O. The company owns 5,157 acres
of the regular Hocking vein.
FHE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
The capital stock of the Etherly Coal Co., Gales­ for the W. P. Rend properties in Fayette county,
burg, 111., was recently increased from $100,000 to W. Va., consisting of five mines on the Chesa­
$300,000 in order to develop the large coal fields peake & Ohio railroad. These lands last year pro­
of the conipany to better advantage.
duced more than 2,000,000 tons of smokeless coal,
and are considered among the most valuable in
The Chartiers Coal & Coke Co., of Carnegie, Pa.,
the New River district.
has bought 484 acres of coal at Oakdale, on the
Panhandle railroad, and will install an electric
plant at the mines at an expense of $75,000. The coal area of Washington county, Pa., recently
computed by the United States geological
The Smith-Lowe Coal Co. is preparing to open
another shaft on its mining property near Des
Moines, Ia.
made within the last few months.
The Olive Coal Supply Co., of Charleroi, Pa., is
getting ready to open a mine in a new tract near
that town.
The coal hauling railroads in Colorado will
reduce coal transportation rates by about 15 per
In response to a letter from Congressman Acheson,
Charles Wolcott, director of the United States
geological survey, has furnished the following
figures on the approximate thickness of the Pittsburgh
vein of coal in different parts of Washington
county, Pa. They are approximations, for in
many parts the figures are obtained from oil wells,
and this is not a reliable manner. The thickness
is given in inches, as follows: East Bethlehem
township, 93 inches; Carroll, 70; Nottingham, 67;
Bentleyville. 68; Chartiers valley, 54; McDonald,
60; Hanover and Cross Creek, 57; Southwest corner
of county, probably 60.
per cent, of pure coal and any person or firm selling
coal that contains less than that percentage of
pure fuel shall be liable to a penalty of $500, onehalf
of the fine going to the person bringing the
suit and the other half to the school district in
which the offense was committed.
Richard Guenther, United States consul-general
at Frankfort, Germany, reports that reliable statistics
show that the average dividends paid by
the German coal mining joint-stock companies for
1904 were about 10%. per cent, on the nominal
capital. As a matter of course, the market value
of the shares stands much above par, owing to the
large dividends.
The Berwind-White Coal Co. has closed a deal
survey, is 833 square miles. Of this amount 97
per cent, is the Pittsburgh, or river vein. The
figures are based on measurements and surveys
cent, on April 1.
Twenty-six lives were lost in an explosion on
March 10 in the Cambrian colliery near Cardiff.
Wales.
Mr. Michael Kelly, the pioneer Illinois coal
operator, whose large holdings recently passed
into the hands of the McKinley syndicate, died on
February 28, at his home at Danville, 111. Mr.
Kelly was 70 years old. His life was a long and
useful one and throughout its course he retained
the esteem of his associates and employes.
A bill has been introduced in the Pennsylvania
legislature providing that all anthracite coal sold A. O. Reis has engaged in the coal business at
in Pennsylvania shall contain at least ninety-five Richfield, Neb.

4 4 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
VERTICAL BOILER FEED PUMPS.
When men who manage manufacturing or other
industrial enterprises where pumps are required
find it necessary to purchase a modern pump, they
naturally investigate to determine which make of
pump will afford the best satisfaction for the
duty to which it is to be adopted. In general, as
with most other mechanical equipments, the
pump which combines the features of security,
durability and efficiency with economy in the cost
of maintenance, is the one which the buyer seeks.
There are many types of pumps, and there are
many combinations and adaptations of types of
pumps, and combinations and adaptations of steam
and water cylinders, that are possible for various
uses. But it is the intention here to refer to
that commonly used type of machine, the boiler
feed pump, the design and construction of which
do so much, when the pump is a successful one,
to add to the efficiency and satisfactory results
obtained from its use.
Men who have technical and engineering knowledge
of modern pumps are well aware that the
product of the A. S. Cameron Steam Pump works
is renowned for meeting all the conditions for
which they are designed and proportioned, and
there is scarcely any part of the world that could
be mentioned, where Cameron pumps are not in
satisfactory use. They are sent to districts so
remote from the ordinary transportation facilities,
in the farthermost corners of the world, that the
most primitive means of mule back carriage are
resorted to in conveying the various parts of their
sectionalized pumps to their destination, where
they are then set up.
For boiler feeding the company lists among
other types, the Cameron Vertical Boiler Feed
Pump—an illustration of which is presented herewith.
The photographic reproduction shows a
plain, unassuming vertical piston pump on base,
but where it is known its virtues are appreciated,
since it possesses every necessary attribute of a
perfect direct-acting pump, occupying but little
space and giving the maximum capacity. Although
shown on a base plate, it is sometimes preferred
for marine use to bolt the pump, by means of lugs
cast on the back, to the bulkhead. This has been
done in the case of pumps of this type furnished
to the smaller gun-boats and which have seen quite
active service in the United States navy. In common
with all Cameron pumps, no working part
is exposed except a small part of the rod, which
may also be covered, if necessary. The steam end
may be adapted to work any steam pressure, no
matter how high and the water end is fitted with
Cameron patent priming valves, and a removable
bushing or lining which may be taken out and
replaced with a new one in a few minutes, thus
avoiding any delay when it becomes necessary to
renew the working barrel of the cylinder on account
of wear. Those desirous of becoming further
acquainted with the facts relating to this
or any other type of pump made by the A. S. Cameron
Steam Pump Works, are invited to address
the main offices and plant at the foot of East
Twenty-third street. New York City, and ask for
pamphlet which will be forwarded at once.
Mr. John R. Marshall has resigned the general
superintendency of the Hostetter-Connellsville
Coke Co. in order to take charge of the Farmers
Trading Co.'s stores. Mr. Charles R. McDonald.
chief clerk, succeeds Mr. Marshall as outside
superintendent.

EFFECT OF THE BRITISH COAL TAX.
Regarding the effect of the British export tax
on coal the report of the royal commission on coal
supplies of Great Britain and Ireland contains
the following:
"It is self-evident that the export duty which
came into force in the early part of 1901 must
affect our competitive power and must have an
influence on the exportation of coal. We have had
evidence from witnesses representing coal owners
and coal exporters, and also from shipowners.
These witnesses expressed strong opinions against
the tax, which they believed was diminishing and
would diminish the export of coal, and consequently
injure their trading power, and this view
was supported by several of the British consuls
resident on the continent, where the business in
British coal is considerable. Since the imposition
of the tax, while the volume of exports excluding
bunker coal has increased, the rate of increase
of previous years has not heen maintained.
"The statistics show that the exports to some
markets, notably France, Belgium and the Netherlands,
have been reduced, especially for coal from
the Swansea and Llonelly districts and from the
Humber ports. It is difficult to resist the contention
that the tax had some effect in reducing
the tonnage exported in 1901, although it is probable
that the high level of prices, which was still
maintained and the declining condition of trade,
both at home and abroad, had some influence on
the figures. The total output of coal in 1901 in
the United Kingdom was less by 6,000,000 tons
than in 1900, but it should be noted that the home
consumption in 1901 was 5,500,000 tons less than
it was in 1900. It should not he overlooked that
the coal exporter has had the advantage of much
lower export freights for coal in 1901 and subsequently
than prevailed in 1900, and this must have
mitigated the effect of the tax to a large extent.
"The principal competitors of the United Kingdom
in coal production are Germany and the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
United States. While the output of the United
Kingdom has little more than doubled since 1870,
that of Germany has increased more than fourfold
and that of the United States no less than tenfold.
All other countries have also greatly increased
their outputs. While these large increases of
output have been taking place in foreign coal
fields, the cost of working has steadily increased
in the United Kingdom, thus affecting our competitive
power. Improved appliances and methods
have enabled the colliery owners to some extent
to keep down costs, but none the less the cost of
working has steadily increased, and for various
reasons, such as the necessity of working thinner
and deeper seams, the increased cost of labor due
to shorter hours and higher wages, and additional
expenditure due to local taxation and to government
and parliamentary requirements.
"The volume of our eoal export trade has steadily
increased during the last thirty years, and the
rate of increase in our exports has been greater
than that of our total output. Markets have heen
lost for different reasons, and some of them possibly
permanently, but the exports to other markets
have so increased that the losses are obliterated,
and a steady upward movement has been maintained
practically throughout the period. Of the
markets lost some are now supplied from local
sources and some from other coal fields whence
they can obtain cheaper coal."
One-Way Settlers' Fares to South and Southeast.
One-way excursion tickets to points in Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and
Virginia, account Settlers' Excursions, will be sold
from all ticket stations on the Pennsylvania Lines,
during March and ApriJ. For full particulars
consult J. K. Dillon. District Passenger Agent,
515 Park Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
MACOMBER & WHYTE ROPE CO.
MAKES A SPECIALTY OF
MINE HOISTING and HAULAGE ROPES
I ^0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.
21 So. Canal Street,
CHICAGO.
402 Park Building,
PITTSBURGH.
131 Worth Street,
NEW YORK.

«

For Summer Day's Outing.
Extensive work which has been in progress at
Rock Point, Cascade Park and Rock Springs, three
pleasure resorts on the Pennsylvania Lines, will
be completed with the opening of the season of
1905. The improvements will add much to the
attractiveness of these favorite resorts for picnic
parties. Rock Point, about an hour's ride over
the Pennsylvania Lines from Pittsburgh through
the Ohio and Beaver Valleys, re-opens under new
management and with improvements costing
$50,000. Rock Springs (Chester, W. Va.l, easily
reached via the Pennsylvania Lines, has an extensive
new lake for boating besides a big swimming
pool and numerous picnic attractions. Cascade
Park at New Castle. Pa., offers new attractions
in band concerts, the open-air theatre, and
other amusement features besides the natural
r^
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
scenic beauty, including the cascades. The 1905
calendar for all three resorts is now open, and
dates for the exclusive use of grounds may be
reserved by outing parties. For information about
excursion fares and special train arrangements,
address J. K. Dillon, District Passenger Agent,
Room 515 Park Building, Pittsburgh.
Colonist Tickets to the West and Northwest
via Pennsylvania Lines.
One-way second-class colonist tickets to California,
the North Pacific Coast, Montana and Idaho,
will be sold via Pennsylvania Lines from March
lst to May 15th, inclusive. For particulars apply
to nearest Ticket Agent of those lines. J. K. Dillon,
District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
TA
ACME COAL MINING CO.
MINERS A1VI) SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MIMES:
SLIGO JJRANCII B, & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. R.
GENERAL OFFICES GREENSBURG, PA.
u>- *J

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
TA
tv
CIIIEQIE COIL COMPACT
LA-
§
(INCORPORATED.)
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. & L. E., ERIE, L. S. & M. S.
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
*\J
tfginTinitniTTfffTITTITfTTITIffTfTTTTTfTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTnTTTTTTTTfTTTTTTfnfTfTITffTlflfllTIIITIIflflTIIITTTITTTTITTTTTTTTTTTHTTITTfTfflinTTTTTTTTTTfTTTTTIITHTHIIfTTTTTTTTTTTTTIIIIIIITTTTTfnHIHnTnW
E QEORGE I. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. =
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED
FricK Building,
r BELL TELEPHONE. PITTSBURGH, 696 COURT PA.
%llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliliiiiililiilili»illUliilll»»»lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllll»l»lUlllllllllllllllllllllll»llllllllllllllllllll»llll#
* \
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: - GREENSBURG, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
J ^
ARTHUR BROCK, President, Lebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburg, Pa.
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, Latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
. . . OF . . .
^
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
. . AND . .
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
„ FAMOUS
TT
"ARGYLE"
SOUTH FORK, /\KvJ I L,C PENNSYLVANIA
SMOKELESS r
C O A V

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
jAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
4
•4
m
m
m
tt SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
-*TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVYYY?TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT7*-
EST GRADES
&
.*.
STEAM COAL
and
CONNELLSVILLE COKE, K-
MINED AND SHIPPED BY THK
SAXMAN COAL & COKE COMPANY,
. . . LATROBE, PA. . . .
^ OO— J-
Latrobe Connellsville Coal&Coke Co.
LATROBE. PA..
i PRODUCES AND SHIPS '
STEAM COAL OF FINEST QUALITY
AND MANUFACTURERS
BEST CONNELLSVILLE COKE.

THE
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
'C C Es
'POCAHONTAS^
.SMOKELESS^
A SVMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THE CELEBRATED C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, as the United States Geological Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
C. C. B. Pocahontas Smokeless
Is the only American Coal that has heen Officially indorsed hy the
Governmeuts of Great Britain. Germany and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United States Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN &, BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
POCAHONTAS
THADE MARK REGISTERED
MAIN OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 SO. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BRANCH OFFICES :
1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITV, NEW YORK, OLD COLONY BUILDING. CHICAGO. ILL
CITIZENS' BANK BUILDING, TERRY NORFOLK, BUILDING, VA. 126 ROANOKE, STATE STREET, VA. BOSTON. MASS.
EUROPEAN AGENTS ;
HULL. BLYTH &. COMPANY, 4 FENCHUHCH AVENUE, LONDON, E. C. ENGLAND.
NEAVE BUILDING, CINCINNATI. OHIO.
LUHRIG
THE
MINES LARGE.
GOAL
NO SLACK. NO
LONG DISTANCE PHONE
MAIN 3094
SLATE. NO CLINKER.
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
MINED ONLY BY
LUHRIG
FOURTH AND PLUM
COAL
STREETS,
CINCINNATI,
CO.
OHIO.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL,
PRESIDENT, V. PREST, & TREAS. SECRETARY.
|
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
(- OFFICES: *
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
-, SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA. _i
C. M. UNDERHILL,
WESTERN AGENT FOR
THE SALE OF
THE
ANTHRACITE COAL
OF
J. LANGDON & CO., INCORPORATED.
BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE.
FIDELITY BUILDING,
BUFFALO, • NEW YORK.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
BITUMINOUS COALS.
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS,
c OFFICES. j
26 South 15th Street, No. 1 Broadway,
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OE
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
AND
ETORSESETOE COAL,
(MILLER VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
Empire Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
LOCATED ON MINES AT
C. & P. R. R„ B. &, 0. R. R. and Ohio River. Bellaire, Ohio.
Communications should be sent to LOUIS F. NEWMAN, Manager, Pittsburgh, Pa.
« L
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.

M. M. COCHRAN, President.
W. HARRY BROWN, Vice President.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
55
JOHN H. WURTZ, Sec'y and Treas.
J. S. NEWMYER, General Manager.
WASHINGTON GOAL & COKE COMPANY,
GENERAL OFFICE, DAWSON, FAYETTE COUNTY, PA.
5,000 TONS, DAILY CAPACITY.
INDIVIDUAL CARS.
YOUGHIOGHENY
COAL,
STEAM, GAS, COKING.
CONNELLSVILLE
COKE,
FURNACE, FOUNDRY, CRUSHED.
SHIPMENTS VIA B. 4. O. R. R., AND P. &. L. E. R. R. AND CONNECTIONS.
SALES OFFICE : PITTSBURGH, PA.
N. P. HYNDMAN, Sales Agent. H. R. HYNDMAN, Asst. Sales Agent.
^ = J
A. E. PATTON, TREASURER
k v^oal o v^oke V^o.
No. 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PARDEE, PATTON, MOSHANNON AND ARGADIA COALS.
OWNERS OF
Port Liberty Docks in New York Harbor,
Orders For Coal Should Be Forwarded To The
BEECH CREEK COAL & COKE CO., - - 17 BATTERY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY,
f§###li#####€NlH E©©©@©@@©@®^^@-i
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA

56
v
IHE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CLYDE COAL COMPANY >
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED CLYDE COAL
SHIPMENTS BY RIVER STEAMERS
"CLYDE" AND "ELEANOR."
CLVDE MINE, FREDERICKTOWN,
DAILY CAPACITY OF MINES 3,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
CONESTOGA BUILDING, PITTSBURGH PA.
J. H. SANFORD, GENERAL MANAGER.
l
BELL FHONE, 2517 COURT. P. & A/PHONE, 2125 MAIN.
1
J

mOhe
COAL TRADE BULLETIN^
Vol. XII. PITTSBUKGH, PA., APRIL 1, 1905. No. 9.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1004
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TRADE COMPANY.
926-930 PARK* BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
OPERATORS AND MINERS OF THE CENTRAL
PENNSYLVANIA BITUMINOUS DISTRICT
ARE INVOLVED IN A DEAD-LOCK—
ANOTHER MEETING OF THE JOINT
SCALE COMMITTEE IS PROPOSED FOR
APRIL 4—MEANWHILE MOST COLLIER­
IES WILL BE IDLE.
After a disagreement, March 28, of the joint
scale conference of the Central Pennsylvania
bituminous district, which met at Altoona on
March 16, the operators of the district are in
session to-day at Philadelphia considering the
ultimatum presented by the miners. This ultimatum
is, in substance, that the operators must
renew the present scale. In the event of their
failure to agree to do so, the mines are to remain
idle until an agreement is made. if the operators
agree to-day to pay the scale, the miners are
to remain at work until April 5, by which time
the operators must sign the scale, otherwise operations
are to cease until the scale is signed. Up to
the present time the operators have been practically
a unit in the determination to obtain concessions
from the miners and few of them have
been willing to even consider the conditions under
which the latter agree to remain at work.
At the time adjournment was taken the
miners had refused a concession from the operators
who offered a ten per cent, horizontal reduction
on the present scale to rule from April 1 to
September 31, and the present scale to rule from
October 1 to March 31, 1906, the latter clause becoming
effective only upon the condition that no
coal tax bill be passed by the legislature. The
miners offered instead to accept the present scale
in its entirety.
The conference, at its flrst session, on the afternoon
of March 16, was called to order by President
James Kerr, of the Beech Creek Coal & Coke
Co. W. B. Wilson, national secretary-treasurer of
the miners' organization, was elected chairman
and George E. Scott, manager and treasurer of
the Puritan Coal Mining Co., was named as secretary.
The rules of the last previous conference
were adopted, after which the
PROPOSITION OF THE MINERS
was presented. As indicated by the announced
action of the sub-district and district conventions,
it provided for a rate of 66 cents per ton for pick
mining and six cents per ton additional in all
veins less than four feet thick, and that the differential
between pick and machine mining be reduced
to seven cents per ton. The contents of the
document were as follows:
We, your committee on scale, beg leave to present
the following for your consideration:
First. That the pick mining rate be 66 cents
per gross ton. or its equivalent per net ton, and
that all coal under four feet shall be paid six
cents per ton additional; all other differentials to
be maintained with present increase.
Second. Machine mining: That we demand a
flat differential of seven cents per ton between
pick and machine-mined coal, and where chain
machines are in use that the machine runners be
required to prepare their own bottom.
Third. Day wage scale for eight hours' work:
Cutting by the day $3.18
Scrapping or helpers 2.54
Motormen by the day 2.72

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Brakemen or spraggers on motors, tracklayers,
cagers, drivers, trip riders, timbermen,
pipemen and water bailers 2.42
Trappers 1.12
All other inside day labor 2.42
Fourth. Outside clay labor for eight hours'
work:
Blacksmiths by the day $2.56
i arpenters 2.56
Engineers 2.56
Firemen 2.25
Where firemen handle the engine to be classed
as engineers, and receive engineers' pay.
Dumpers and trimmers 2.13
Ash wheelers 2.00
Fifth. Coke oven men:
Drawing coke per net ton 23
Laborers on coke ovens, per day of 10 hrs. . . 1.75
Car loaders at ovens, per day 1.80
Sixth. Drivers: That where drivers have long
distances to travel from barn to place of work,
allowances be made by the company for traveling
one way, and that team drivers be paid 10 cents
for each additional mule; over one-half mile to be
considered long distance.
Seventh. That the two and three per cent.
CHECK-OFF BE DEDUCTED
from the gross earnings of each and every man
in and around the mines, and that a list be furnished
the secretary of the sub-district and mine
committee with the amount opposite the name
and number of those on the list every two weeks.
Eighth. That there shall be an equalization of
the turn both on pick and machine mined coal
so as to place the earnings of the miners of each
mine on a better equality where pick and machine
miners are employed.
Ninth. Blacksmithing charges: For machines
one-fourth cent per ton: pick mining, one-half
cent per ton.
Tenth. That we demand the abolition of car
pushirg in all mines by the miners to and from
the face of the workings.
Eleventh. Dead work: That we request that
the operators in each sub-district will meet with
the officers of their respective sub-districts to arrange
a scale of prices to govern dead work, including
yardage in narrow and heading work.
GEO. SINCLAIR, chairman. WM. CTJRRIE, secretary.
Following the presentation of the miners' scale
Mr. Kerr outlined the position of the operators.
He said in part:
"Mr. Chairman: I speak for myself, but I believe
I express the sentiments of all of those who
are engaged in the production of coal who are represented
here and those who do not happen to be
here, that the demand made by the miners at this
joint conference is an extraordinary one, made in
this way at this time, in view of the conditions,
in view of the fact that those who are in competition
with us in the production of coal are on a
much lower wage scale basis than that we are
now paying. We had idleness in this region last
summer and this winter, considerable of it, due to
the fact that we could not meet the conditions
and prices that were in the markets we had to
compete in by these people who produce coal South
of and
IN DIRECT COMPETITION
with us. The wage scale is much lower there
than we are now paying, and to come in at this
time and insist on an increase of that wage scale
seems to me an extraordinary thing to do. It
either implies you are not considerate of the conditions
that prevail or you are not informed as
to our actual position. And just in that connection
I wish to say that while your chairman has
stated that these meetings are of much consequence
and have done considerable good in the
past, we see many new faces among you, and it
seems as if our conferences were in the nature of
a kindergarten. We have to travel over this road
year after year. He has well said that men who
come here seriously minded in this matter, their
statements must be taken with some consideration
as being truthful. 1 don't believe there is any one
here who speaks earnestly on this subject but wdio
means to tell the truth, but sometimes their environments
are such and their experiences are
so that they do not understand the question fully.
We who are in the management of the production
of coal in this district do have an opportunity to
have a wider view. Then, if we are truthful to
begin with, our words on this subject ought to
have some weight with those who want to do what
is right—not only what is right, but what is best
for themselves and all of us who are engaged in
this business. We could put these wages to a
point, you must all confess, where we would not
have any labor to do. Now, there is something
to consider. You are here to sell your wage or
labor for the coming year. The question is at
what price can we afford to engage to pay for it?
That is the problem that is here now. Some have
stated that this is a contest between labor and
capital. That is a mistaken opinion. We who
are engaged in the production of bituminous coal
are employers of capital and labor too. If capital
demands too much from us it embarrasses us in
our work. If labor demands what is unfair to
them they embarrass us in our work. We are
IN A PECULIAR SITUATION.
and we would have you, my friends, understand
it fully before we decide finally on this subject.
1 heard a story the other day that somewhat illus-

trates the position that the operators are in in
this particular situation in this district, with the
wage scale at the maximum, with conditions surrounding
that wage scale in the production of
coal that makes cost eight or ten cents greater
than we can get. Those are hardships we are
here to contend are created by restrictions put
upon us from year to year, and we are in a rather
peculiar situation.
"With these Southern fields able to produce
coal at such low prices, under-selling us in the
market and taking away between one and two
million tons last year, with many of the operators
meeting the situation by making prices that they
themselves could not produce coal at last summer,
it puts us in a peculiar situation. With the rates
we have to tidewater and to the fields we sell our
coal in, with labor demanding at the other end of
the line an increase of the wage they are now
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
W. A. LATHROP,
getting, reminded me, as I started in to say, of a
gentleman and his wife, who were invited to a
very high-toned party in New York. The wife
wanted to go because it was a very fashionable
affair, and they accepted, and the wife had nice
new clothes prepared and they went that evening
to this party. In getting out of the carriage the
gentleman's pantaloons caught on the carriage
door and they were ripped
President of the Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Co., a Floor Leader of the Operators
in the Altoona Wage Debate.
FROM STEM TO STERN.
SO he was not presentable and he said, 'We must
go home.' The wife broke down in tears and said,
'If you just come in the house your overcoat will
cover you until we get upstairs, and we will wait
there until all the guests have arrived and when
they have gone down you can come to the ladies'
room and have your pantaloons sewed up.' And
she pleaded with the gentleman and he yielded.
and they went upstairs together and they waited

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
there until all the guests had arrived. Then he
went over to this room where his wife was, and
the maid left the room and the gentleman took off
his pantaloons, and his wife began to repair them.
Presently the maid came back to the door and
said to the wife, 'There are two ladies coming up
the stairs,' and there was a great scurry to know
just what to do. There was no way for him to
get out of the room and his wife, in her despair
and haste, pulled open the closet door, as she supposed,
and pushed him into it suddenly and put
her back to the door, and as the ladies came in
there was a terrible pounding on the door. 'Let
me out; let me out quick!' And a whisper came
back, 'The ladies are here.' He says, 'Oh, d—n
it! I am in the ballroom; let me out!'
"You have put us in the same kind of predicament
with your demand here at this time, and we
want you to consider that in the discussion of it
and in the final agreement, if we can make one.
We are here seriously minded to do what is right
with you, as it must be apparent, or we would
not be here. We are here expecting of you to do
what is right with us. We feel and we know that
under the present wage scale this district
CANNOT HAVE CONTINUOUS LABOR.
We will ask you to bear with us until evening,
and we will prepare such a wage scale as we feel
we can consistently pay and ask for its adoption."
At the conclusion of Mr. Kerr's address the
customary joint scale committee was appointed,
after which a short recess was taken. The operators'
committee was composed of James Kerr,
president Beech Creek Coal & Coke Co.; R. A.
Shillingford, superintendent Bituminous Coal Corporation;
W. A. Lathrop, president Pennsylvania
Coal & Coke Co.; J. B. Coryell, president Cambria
Coal Mining Co.; L. W. Robinson, Rochester &
Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co.. J. B. Irish, of Irish
Bros., Philadelphia; Rembrandt Peale, president
Peale, Peacock & Kerr; F. G. Betts, general manager
of Madeira Hill & Co.; F. H. Wigton, general
manager Morrisdale Coal Co.; R. H. Kay, general
manager Broad Top field; and George E. Scott,
treasurer and manager Puritan Coal Mining Co.
The committee of the miners was made up as follows:
Sub-district No. 1. George Sinclair; Subdistrict
No. 2, William Slee; Sub-district No. 3,
William dime; Sub-district No. 4. George Mc­
Mullen; Sub-district No. 5. John Sullivan; Subdistrict
No. 6, William Davidson; Sub-district No.
7, J. B. Bateman; Sub-district No. 8, William
Paterson; Sub-district No. 9, Martin Gannon.
When the conference reconvened tne
PROPOSITION OF THE OPERATORS
was presented by President W. A. Lathrop, of the
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Co. It was embraced
in the following brief resolution:
Whereas, owing to the lower rates paid for mining
in the Southern and other regions, the Central
Pennsylvania region is unable to successfully compete
with them in the Eastern markets, as is evidenced
by the fact that the Southern regions show
an increase in their tide-water tonnage for 1904
amounting to 1,428,000 tons, while the Central
Pennsylvania region shows a decrease of 1,150,000
tons, it becomes imperative for the Central Pennsylvania
operators to insist upon such reduction in
mining rates as will enable them to meet this situation.
Now, therefore, be it resolved, that we
demand a reduction in pick mining to 55 cents
per gross ton,
WITH A CORRESPONDING REDUCTION
and an equalization to such basis for all other
labor paid in connection with coal mining.
Secertary W. B. Wilson, of the miners, then took
the floor and made the following address:
Mr. Chairman: I think that it is better that
we should discuss the propositions that are presented
to us purely upon their merits, without
any sentiment and without any reflections upon
anyone. We have a proposition before us that
means about 12 to 15 per cent, reduction—I have
not stopped to figure it out—seven cents per ton—
seven on sixty-two. I had hoped that the opera
tors would not present a proposition of that kind
to this convention. In looking over the coal
trade, the past year, fairness compels us to admit
that during all of last summer and well into the
fall the coal trade of Central Pennsylvania was
IN A MOST DEMORALIZED CONDITION.
There were many operators who produced coal
without having previously sold it, that in order
to avoid the demurrage charges on their cars
were compelled to sell their coal at a sacrifice.
It can do us no good as coal miners to deny the
facts as they existed. What we want and what
we ought to have is justice based upon the facts.
The intimation conveyed in the resolution now
before us is that if the mining rate had been 12
or 15 per cent, less than it was during last summer,
that a larger amount of coal, a much larger
amount of coal, would have been sold than was
sold.
It is a fact that in some portions of the Southern
field the mining rate is low. The operators of
this field regret it and I know that the miners
of this field regret it. But it is also a fact that
if the mining rate during last year in this field
had been a 55-cent rate instead of a 62-cent rate,
that the mining rates in the Southern fields would
have been just that much lower. There was no
means of preventing it from being lowered, and
being just that much lower, the competition would
have been just as keen. What is true of last summer
is true of the coming year. A reduction of

seven cents per ton will not bring relief to the
operators of Central Pennsylvania; it will not
give the miners of Central Pennsylvania more
work than they would otherwise have. It means
less earnings to the miners and no more profits to
the operators. I have not the figures concerning
the production in West Virginia during last year.
I have been unable to secure them so far. Our
friends state that the Eastern
SHIPMENTS HAVE INCREASED;
that the shipments from Central Pennsylvania
have been decreased. I know that the shipments,
or at least the figures that we have, show that
the shipments from Central Pennsylvania were
less in 1904 than they were in 190d, but it is also
a fact that the shipments in 1903 were as large as
they ever were in any previous year, or 1904 were
as large as they ever were in any previous year
except 1903 and larger, much larger, than they
ever were in any previous year with the exceptions
of 1902 and 1903, which were considered boom
years. So far as the competition from West
Virginia is concerned, and Virginia, it does not
appear to be as keen now as it has been in the
past. One of the first large contracts let during
the present year, and I have reference to the Boston
& Maine contract for a million tons, or approximating
a million tons, the bulk of which had
formerly been supplied from Southern fields because
of the convenience of water shipment, was
within the past three or four weeks taken by
Central Pennsylvania operators in competition with
West Virginia. The coal trade, as I have stated,
during last summer and well into the fall, was in
a demoralized condition. That is not the case at
present. It is stated by almost everyone connected
with the coal trade that the steel trade, the
iron and steel industry, is a good barometer of
the coal trade. When the iron and steel industry
begins to fail, shortly afterwards we feel the
injurious effects in the coal trade; when it begins
to improve, shortly afterwards we feel the beneficial
effects in the coal trade, and more directly
in the coke trade. For the past 11 months, or
12, the iron and steel trade has been gradually improving,
until to-day it is almost
ON THE VERGE OF A BOOM
condition. There are many contributory causes—
causes that are likely to remain during the year
to come. The result of the improvement in the
iron and steel trade has been a gradual improvement
during the past three or four months in
the coal business. In addition to that, men who
are buyers of coal, during last summer and fall,
held off in their purchases, held off with the expectation
of getting cheaper coal, and fortunately
for the miners, although it may be very unfortunate
for others and undoubtedly is, we have had
a number of blizzards, a number of storms that
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. .",1
have interfered with transportation during the
past winter. As a result of the interference
with transportation the stocks of coal in the
market had been depleted. What is the result?
The result is, and has been, fancy prices for spot
coal, in some instances. The result is, and has
been, an improvement in the tone of the market
for contract coal. With an improvement in the
tone of the market for contract coal, with at least
last year's prices being obtained and in some
cases better, why should we have a proposition at
this time for a reduction in wages?
This West Virginia condition has been a bugaboo
as long as I can remember in the coal trade. We
have feared it when prices were going up, we have
feared it when prices were going down, and yet
GEORGE E. SCOTT,
Manager and Treasurer of the Puritan Coal Mining Co.,
Secretary of the Conference of Operators and Miners, at
Altoona.
with all our fear of West Virginia competition
the coal trade in Central Pennsylvania has continued
to expand. We are producing in Central
Pennsylvania to-day
A GREATER AMOUNT OF COAL
per diem than we ever produced in the history of
Central Pennsylvania, notwithstanding this fearful
competition from West Virginia. In view of
all the facts of tne case, gentlemen, I cannot understand
why the operators come in here at this
time with a proposition for a reduction in wages.
The joint scale committee went into session the
same evening. Mr. Kerr was elected chairman of
the committee and Mr. Scott and William Currie,

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
secretaries. The principal speakers for the operators
were Messrs. Kerr, Wigton and Robinson.
One of the principal addresses was made by F. H.
Wigton, of the Morrisdale Coal Co., who said:
"Mr. Chairman: It is with some reluctance
that I arise to address you this evening.
It is not an unpleasant thing to speak
words that meet with the approval and
commendation of all who hear them, but it is not
quite so agreeable a task to say unpalatable truths,
and yet I feel that it is my duty both to the miner
and the operator to give my views upon this
question. We meet here for the purpose of fixing
a wage scale, if possible, for the production of
coal in Central Pennsylvania for the ensuing year.
'1 hat production of coal must be based upon a
competitive cost in order to sell it.
THE INTERESTS ARE MUTUAL,
that of the miner and that of the operator. The
business cannot be conducted successfully nor continuously
unless the operator reaps a profit out
of the transaction and unless justice and fair dealing
is done toward the employe. This is a question
which does not admit of sentiment, but admits
only of looking at cold hard facts from a plain
business standpoint; and what are those facts? I
make this statement, that the majority in numbers
of the operators in Central Pennsylvania last
year lost money; didn't make any, but lost it."
By W. W. Wilson: "By that statement, Mr.
Wigton, might I ask if you mean that a majority
of the capital invested received no returns, or
simply a majority of the operators or corporations
received no returns?"
By Mr. Wigton: "I make the statement that the
majority of operators, in numbers, made no profits
out of their business last year, due to the conditions
which surrounded them, their inability to
sell coal in normal quantities and at a price which
left a margin of profit. We have investigated the
costs of production in the surrounding and competitive
fields. We have absolute data from
almost 200 collieries. We know what it costs to
put coal on the cars in those places and we know
that in competition with those mines we can't
live. Last year we labored with you gentlemen.
we reasoned with you, we showed you the possible
results, nay, the probable results, in fact the inevitable
results that would follow a continuance
of the high wage rate demanded. You didn't give
us credit for foreseeing the results. The results
of the year have borne out what we said. If the
miners in Central Pennsylvania cannot get work,
their asset—which is labor—naturally depreciates.
If they own their homes, they
DEPRECIATE IN VALUE
also, as does all business in that community.
The rates at which coal was sold in the Southern
regions last year are beyond our ability to compete
with. As an illustration. I will tell you that
one-tenth of the tonnage that was lost to these
regions was offered to me on the same basis of
cost or selling price as was paid to the Southern
regions and I was obliged to decline it because I
couldn't meet the competition, and I am not taking
that basis of competition on any particular
collieries which we may run, but I am taking that
on a basis of general average throughout this
region. Last spring we started some coke ovens.
We are very small factors in the coke business.
We started them, under expectation of a remodeling
of the wage scale which would permit us to
word. Within six weeks of the first of April we
had to shut them down, because coke from the
West Virginia regions drove us out of the market.
Coke from the West Virginia regions is offered
to-day for this coming year at a lower price than
it can be produced for in Central Pennsylvania.
The Connellsville coke trade does not materially
affect the mountain region or Central Pennsylvania."
By Mr. Wilson: "If Mr. Wigton will permit me,
I desire to call his attention to the fact that a
year ago when the Connellsville coke region was
not in a healthy industrial condition that it was
used as a reason why we should meet the reduction."
By Mr. Kerr: "It was raised on your side that
there was an improvement there, which we contended
was not to the extent that you people alleged
and that it
HAD No BEARING
on us anyhow, which it hasn't now."
By Mr. Wilson: "The statement was made by
Mr. Robinson—is he present—and was joined in
by Mr. Lathrop that they had to meet competition
from the Connellsville region."
By Mr. Wigton: "I don't recall what was said
last year about the competition of Connellsville,
but I am eliminating the Connellsville competition
because territory practically West of the
mountains takes the Connellsville output. The
furnaces East of the mountains, which are not
largely upon the bessemer iron, run upon the
mountain district and West Virginia, plus anthracite,
and West Virginia coals are put in the market
at such low prices that the Central Pennsylvania
district has been unable to compete with
them without serious loss. That is practically
the condition to-day, although it is true the iron
trade is better. Coke is being consumed in greater
quantities than a year ago. Nevertheless West
Virginia coke is being offered at present at prices
that are lower than we can produce it. The question
was brought up about a large contract recently
taken in Central Pennsylvania. A little
knowledge is sometimes dangerous and undue

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
appeciation of all the surrounding conditions often
leads to wrong conclusions. A large contract
was taken from the Boston & Maine railroad by
a Pennsylvania operator who is not working under
the same conditions as to wage scale as are the
operators who are meeting you gentlemen here.
'1 here is no one of you, either operator or miner,
CAN SAY FOR A CERTAINTY
that coal is not coming from the Southern regions."
By. Mr. Robinson: "Mr. Wigton, and at a price
less than you can produce your coal on the cars
to-day?"
By Mr. Wigton: "At a price less than we can
produce that. You can't say to-day, nobody can
say, except the man himself, whether that coal
is coming from the Southern region, in which he
is a large operator, or in Pennsylvania."
By Mr. Wilson: "Isn't the rate at which that
contract was taken 95 cents and a dollar?"
By Mr. Wigton: "That is a question I can't
probably answer to your satisfaction, but it was
taken at a price below which we can compete
and are working under this wage scale. The
Maine Central railroad, which has been a eontractor
for Central Pennsylvania coal, is taken
by the Southern regions for this year. A large
part of the New York, New Haven & Hartford,
wnich has been using Central Pennsylvania coal,
is closed with the Southern region. That is business
gone. Now, last year we lost a very large
amount of tonnage. The very item of which I
spoke would have kept 100 miners employed for
twelve months. It couldn't be taken. The result
of losing that tonnage was to force back into
a market more coal than that market could consume,
because practically Central Pennsylvania
was swept out of their New England tidewater
market, and as it stands to-day with a wage rate
such as has been in existence for the past twelve
months, there is no likelihood of their regaining
that market. That
NECESSARILY MEANS IDLENESS
to a greater or less extent to the miners; that
means idleness for the colliery itself; that means
enhanced cost for the coal that is produced, be
it much or little, which makes it still more difficult
to compete. Now, it would be all very nice
if we controlled all the bituminous coal that
comes to the Atlantic seaboard, then we could fix
a rate that was the same all around for everybody
on a fair basis, and let them go in and the best
man win. But you can't do that. You have got
to face the business condition as it exists. Do we
want to run reduced coal, sell it, give the miner
work, or do we want to be idle such as we were
last year? Now, you had a dose of it all through
the spring and summer and fall, and I have heard
it cited here about the prices of coal in the winter.
33
Now, it was a very strange thing and one that
led to a good deal of comment among operators,
that notwithstanding the interrupted railroad
transportation, the comparative scarcity of coal,
that there were no consumers in the market buying
coal, there were no consumers paying the
prices that we advertised at which coal was selling.
Almost all of it was purchased by operators
who had obligated themselves to do certain things
in the way of delivery of coal and whicli they
were unable to comply with by reason of these interrupted
transportation facilities. That is not
a fair judgment. You can't base anything on
THE HON. JAMES KERR,
Chairman of the Joint Wage Committee, who presented the
Operators' strongest arguments before the Conference with
the Miners. Mr. Kerr is well known as an ex-congressman
trum Pennsylvania, and the President of the Beech Creek
Coal Co.
that. One operator only recently said to me, "I
have been losing hundreds of dollars a clay through
the winter. Why? Because I can't get forward a
normal quantity of coal to meet obligations."
That is his misfortune, but you can't argue from
that basis that coal is going to sell higher.
"In fact, coal is offered in the market to-day,
as I have just stated, for the coming season at
prices at which Central Pennsylvania under this
wage scale can't compete. Now, last year there
was a certain amount of what may be called
affiliated business.
LAPPING OYER ALLIANCES,
which had existed through periods of time in the
past and Central Pennsylvania operators taken
in the aggregate had quite a little of that ton-

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
nage, but those obligations are all done, those contracts
have expired, have been completed. We
start in this year to compete with a clean slate.
comparatively speaking, with the other regions,
and if we are going to get business we must get
it on the basis of competition or else let it alone.
If we don't get much and can't compete, the idleness
that Central Pennsylvania saw last year will
hardly be a circumstance to what it will see this
year. That is what you want to think about.
Naturally we, as operators, want to do business;
we want to run the plants in which our money
is invested, and we want to show a reasonable
return. You men want all the wage you can get.
That is right, right from your standpoint and it
is right from ours, but you can't sell two dollars
worth of labor for two dollars and a half. You
may do it for a little while, you may pinch the
operator until he goes and gets the money or
takes what he has saved up to pay it to you, but,
as your own leader will tell you, that is not good
business; that can't continue; that has been going
on and you are faced with the problem now of
either getting down and meeting this or sitting
still in idleness or getting work somewhere else.
We had an instance last summer, we shut up a
colliery. Your own men thought it was all a bluff.
We talked to them. We reasoned with them. We
OPENED THE BOOKS
and showed it to them the coal cost us from 25
to 50 cents a ton more than we were getting. We
shut it up. We said, men, we don't know when
we will start again, maybe in six months, maybe
never, we don't know; we want to show you the
whole story, it can't go on. In the end you saw it,
after you had made a great deal of trouble, and
your own men did just what you condemn, came
to us and asked us to put three men in two men's
places, and we reasoned with them and showed
them that couldn't be done and after considerable
trouble they were convinced. We showed them
everything there was about it. We want to show
you all the cards right on the table. It is either
work in competition or it is quit. Now let us
look at it in a reasonable cold business-like way.
Don't mind these stories that come out in the
newspapers. Takeew word for some of it. We
are not here to deceive you. It is to our interest
to run, as I just told you, but it isn't to our interest
to run at a loss. We run at a loss to hold
business, up to a certain point, and then we have
got to quit. I don't say every operator lost—
don't misunderstand. We talk for the region as
a whole and that is what you are faced with.
Now, think of it carefully and remember we are
telling you the exact condition of affairs. We don't
want to put up the South as any bugaboo. We
don't want to say to you somebody is doing this
and that, and therefore you have got to work for
nothing. We don't want to do that. It isn't
necessary, but it is necessary to come
WITHIN REACH OF COMPETITION.
The debate in the joint committee was resumed
on March 17, a considerable portion of the day
being devoted to a discussion of reports showing
the cost of production in various competitive
fields during the past six months. The data
gathered came from 234 mines, and showed the
extreme figures at which these coals were sold in
the Eastern and line markets. No progress
was apparently made at the three joint scale committee
sessions, the miners' representatives being
willing only to concede one point to maintain the
old scale of wages at 62 cents, providing the operators
would accept clauses 6, 7, S, 9, 10 and 11 of
the new scale agreement, but this was emphatically
refused, being reported back to the convention
and a joint session of all operators and delegates
was asked for.
James Kerr and Frank H. Wigton presented the
operators' side of the facts to the convention
held in the evening, in a full and lucid manner.
contending that their
POSITION WAS UNBEARABLE
with the actual total cost of 95 cents per ton
for coal on the cars, as against 60 and 70 cents in
other fields. The miners were promised reasonably
fair work, covering over $2.50 per day if
they agreed to accept a reduction in wages and
were urged by the operators not to insist on a
rate of wages that would be liable to lay the
mines idle as was the case last year. Mr. Kerr
said:
"Mr. Chairman: The scale committee beg leave
to report that they have been discussing since
they met here yesterday the different scales presented
by the miners and operators. The discussion
has brought no conclusion. The scale
committee seem unable to agree. We thought
that possibly it was better for us to come back
to the joint convention and report to you our
difficulties, giving you some of the reasons therefor,
so that you might understand more fully the
difficulties we have to contend with in reaching
an agreement, and once your knowledge of those
difficulties was increased somewhat by the information
we had on this subject, that our future
deliberations as a scale conimittee might be conducted
with knowledge of the fact that you were
at least in possession of some of the information
that we had on this subject. Some comment was
made in the joint convention that the operators
failed to give a reason for the scale they asked
the convention to adopt. There are many reasons
why operators might hesitate to get up before
the general public and discuss these trade
questions. Many of them are in a sense secret
to us and are not for the information of the gen-

eral public, both in your interest and in ours.
The operators presented a scale of wages here
that they would like to have you indorse for the
coming year, after a great deal of deliberation.
We
HAVE MET FREQUENTLY
upon this subject during the last two or three
months. Different representatives from different
sections of this Pennsylvania district, who
were engaged in the business of mining and shipping
coal, have met and discussed this question.
It was not the hasty action of a few moments'
conference, but it was the result of careful delib
eration and after we had sought information in
every direction to justify us for the position we
took.
"Now, I believe you gentlemen are here, like myself,
to help arrive at what is a proper conclusion
in this matter. Far be it from me to take from
the wage earners of the Pennsylvania district
one dollar that rightfully belongs to them. I
believe we should work together as employers of
labor and employes to get for our district the
very highest possible wage scale. But we are
hampered to some degree in our endeavors in
that direction by the wages that are paid in other
competing fields. We have not asked the people
of this district to come to the low wages that are
paid in the South. We do not approve of the
conditions that exist there and we believe we can
defend ourselves here at a better standard of
wage than they are paying there at least. As
has been argued by members of the scale committee
upon the other side, the business of this
region has developed from year to year in the
years gone by, and they will argue because of
that fact that we apparently could pay any old
wage and not be affected. Now, my friends, that
is not the fact. We have gathered data from all
these districts to show the character of wages
they are paying and what we have to contend
with. We have also the statement showing what
TONNAGE WAS LOST LAST YEAR
to this district, and we want you to know and
understand this as we do. We want you to
know and understand it that you may be able to
sell your labor for a proper price and that will
bring you all that you are entitled to. You can
fix a price for your labor in this district and
wouldn't have any market for it. You don't want
to do that. If you would fix the standard of
wages that would only give you about 175 days
work in the region, it would be very disastrous,
as you all must confess. If you could by shading
that standard of wages to a small degree enable
yourself to have 250 days work during the next
year in this region, it would be better to do that.
You want to sell all your time, not a small por­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
tion of it, during the year. You want to sell
your time for the very best possible price that
will bring you the most aggregate wages at the
end of the year.
"Now, we don't believe that this reduction that
the operators are asking for you to help us with
in the way of wages in this district will put one
dollar in the operators' pocket. It is my judgment,
and it is the judgment of those that have
given this matter consideration, that every dollar
will go to the trade. It is simply a question of
holding our tonnage against the competitors we
have to meet. Now, those are things to consider
and we want to consider them here calmly, fairly,
dispassionately, with a due regard to all our
interests. As I said yesterday, we are the employers
of capital and the employers of labor, and
we must use our best judgment in these matters.
We have some data here, that we gathered at considerable
expense, of these Southern districts, and
I wanted you men who are wage workers here
To KNOW AND UNDERSTAND
some of the wages that are paid in other sections.
If you will bear with me a few minutes I will
read some of them. We have here the statistics
of the Norfolk & Western railroad, from the Elk
Horn district. Blue Stone district and Pocahontas
field, comprising 35 mines, none of them producing
less than 500 tons per clay. I will take them
as they come. The first is from the Elk Horn
district, the capacity of the mine is 1,500 tons daily
average, thickness of the vein 5 feet, hours work
for day 10, the capacity of the car level full is 3
ton, the capacity of the car including topping is
3% tons, the rate paid for pick mining for the
loading of that car is 75 cents, with 3'{, tons of
coal upon it. The wages paid for machine cutters
there are $2.25, 10 hours a day. Wages for
drivers $1.65, and so on, the same standard for
most of the other wages paid.
"Take any of the others that come. There is
another—Elk Horn district, 650 tons daily capacity.
This vein is 6 feet thick. Hours worked 10. The
capacity of the car in this place 3 tons, and the
same price for pick minng, and other wages correspondingly.
We will go now to some other
district. These all are near about the same.
These wages average nearly the same all through
the Elk Horn district. Blue Stone field, the
mine has a capacity of 550 tons, 6 feet thick, capacity
of the car level full 2% tons, capacity of
the car including topping 3% tons, the approxiately
yield in tons in this car is apparently 3
tons. This is the average the car holds. The
price paid for pick mining in this mine varies
some little, the lowest price paid is 75 cents a
car and the highest is 90. But I understand
there are some

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
IMPERFECTIONS IN THE MINE.
but the highest price you will note is 30 cents a
ton. From the Blue Stone field you go to the
Pocahontas field. There you find a mine, this
one I turn to. has 500 tons capacity, 5-foot vein,
they work 10 hours, the capacity of this car is
2V4 tons level full, the approximate yield in tons
from the car is 2 :; ! tons, price paid for pick
mining for loading this car is 56 cents a car,
drivers $1.65, track layers $1.50, engineers $50
a month. Now, that is a few from the Norfolk
& Western railroad. Here is the B. & O, Meyersdale
region, Frostburg and others, 57 mines com­
prised in the list we have obtained, the prices
of wages paid and they are accurate statistics.
You take the first we come to in the Meyersdale
field, the capacity of the mine is 2,000 tons, the
thickness of the coal is 6 feet, the rate paid for
pick mining is 55 cents per gross ton, drivers
$2.20, tipple men $1.S0. We turn over to another
in the Meyersdale field, the same price is paid
for pick mining, and 22 cents an hour, 10 hours
work for drivers. From there we go to the
Fairmont field, this mine has 1,500 tons daily
capacity, the vein averages 7 feet thick, hours
worked 10 hours per clay, the capacity of the
car is 1 ton, 15 cwt.. and the mining rate
paid is 45 cents per per car, 1 ton, 15 cwt..
the price paid for machine cutters 4% cents, drivers
get $1.85 there, track layers $2.20. They say
here, according to their statistics, about the
average wages a miner earns is only $2.25 at this
mine. The vein is very thick, if you notice.
Now, you come here to the Thomas field, here
the mine is of 1,000 tons capacity, the coal 6
feet thick, 10 hours work, capacity of car 2 tons,
the approximate yield including topping is 2\2
tons, the price paid there is $1.10 per car. That
is less than 40 cents a ton; drivers $1.80 and so on.
"We have all the wages of all the people
that are employed in connection with these
mines, Barnham, West Virginia, mine 450
tons, 4 feet thick, 10 hours work, capacity of the
car 1 ton, S cwt.. the price paid for mining
60 cents per car. Next we have the Pennsylvania
railroad, the Greensburg and the Latrobe
districts. Now, the miners of this district
LOST A LARGE AMOUNT OF TONNAGE
last year to this Western field. You stand out
here at the Logan house any day and you will
see trains go by of cars that are operated in that
Western field and they are paying a very much
lower scale of wages than we are and took away
a great deal of our business last year. Here is
one mine, 800 tons capacity, thickness of vein 7
feet, rate paid for pick mining 38 cents net ton.
Track layers $2.50, firemen $2, drivers $2.20.
Here is a mine at Latrobe, in the Latrobe dis­
trict, 2,000 tons daily capacity, mining rate based
on net ton 38 cents, the same as the other. The
price for drivers $2.25. Here is another large
mine, what is known as the Depp district, 1,000
tons daily capacity, average thickness of the vein
6 feet, work 10 hours a day; all these mines do.
The price paid for pick mining at this mine is 70
cents over a % screen. Of course, this coal
does not come in competition with us. We are
not using it, it is gas eoal. The same can be
said of the C. & O. district, Chesapeake & Ohio,
the New River district and Kanawha report from
115 different mines. The first one I see here is
1,950 tons in the New River; vein 4 feet thick;
capacity of the car \y2 tons. The rate paid for
mining there is 50 cents a car; another one the
same. New River district 500 tons capacity;
thickness of vein 5 1 - feet; working 10 hours a
day;
RATE PAID FOI: PICK MINING
is 40 cents a car and capacity of car 2 tons. Here
is one of 1,300 tons in the New River, the rate
paid for pick mining is 40 cents. Kanawha field
mine, 4 feet to 5 feet in thickness, hours worked
'.) and rate paid for pick mining is 42Vi; ceits per
ton gross."
By Mr. Wilson: "Might I ask if I understood
you correctly when you saiu the rate per car of
2 tons was 40 cents at that operation?"
By Mr. Kerr: "I said per car. Well, it is a
ton. It is bad enough. Kanawha field, an­
other mine. This mine has 400 tons, 5-foot vein.
rate paid for pick mining 49 cents a gross ton.
That is paid by the ton. Wages paid for drivers
$1.80, track layers $2.50, 10 hours a day. Here
is another one in the Kanawha field which don't
seem to vary any; vein 5 feet 6. rate paid for
mining 42% cents per gross ton. Take the Norfolk
& Western region. The cost of a ton of
coal there to put it on the cars is 60 cents a ton,
or even less. We think the average will run
nearer 50 than 60, according to our calculations
from the mines we have been able to tabulate,
while in the C. & O. district the cost is about
70 cents. We have those conditions to meet to
some degree—not all. I don't mean to say we
want you to come down to those wages because
all our coal is
NOT SOLD IN COMPETITION
with this. The fact remains, however, that they
took away from us last year from the New Eng­
land field alone—the Chesapeake & Ohio and Norfolk
& Western railroads—834.894 tons, and we
lost to the West Virginia district, 98,181 tons.
There was lost to this same field for line trade
along the Reading, Jersey Central and Pennsyl­
vania railroads, East, 191,500 tons, making a
total of 1,150,565 tons that we lost of tonnage
we had in 1903 to these districts. Those are
conditions that we have to confront. Now, what

we fear at the present basis of wages we have
is, that we will losea great deal more of this tonnage.
Last year the tonnage of this region was
kept up in a rather false, uncertain way by people
who shipped coal to tidewater and were compelled
to sell it at much less than cost. Some
of them didn't get much more than freight out of
it, because it was there on demurrage. That
would not occur again and could not. The men
who did it could not afford to do that kind of
business. Therefore, we fear we are going to
lose more tonnage in this field than we did last
year; that under the present scale of wages we
can't secure a return of the business we now have
lost, but that we would lose more tonnage than
we lost last year.
"Now these are facts, gentlemen, and we wanted
you simply to understand them as they appeal to
us. You cannot afford to look lightly at them,
neither can we. We don't want to come here and
make a mountain of them to force you to take
less than you ought to take for your labor. That
is not our purpose. We simply want to come
here and confer with you about it and have you
understand the situation as we do and let us do
the best we can under the circumstances to get
a full return for our work and
To GET THE WORK
for this region and keep up our volume of trade.
'Ihat is our proposition. There is much more
can be said about it. I do not want to occupy
all this time. I am only one of many who are
interested in it. I have the interest of the district
at heart, just as much as any of the rest
of you. I recognize that if business is not prosperous
in the Central Pennsylvania field it affects
all conditions and nearly all other business interests
to a large degree. Nearly everything in
the way of prosperity in this district, described
by you as representatives here, is dependent upon
the coal industry- If we can make that prosperous,
if we can keep that tonnage up, if we can
give you labor continuously during the year at
a fair wage, we think it would be better to do
that than to have the region idle for a large
period of the year and you earning nothing.
Now, that is the large part of our story. There
is much more of it that I probably don't think
of just now to appeal to you with or to have you
understand, but I want you to understand this
much of it at least as it appeals to me, and let us,
if we cannot agree here, when we go back to our
conference to take up this matter in the scale committee
room, we will go at least with the knowledge
of the fact that you know of some of the
conditions upon our side. I thank you one and
all for your kind attention. I know you are
interested in this matter. I know that you
know that I am here honestly stating a proposi­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
tion that I think is right. Down in your hearts
you must appreciate that we are not here to be
bearers of false news or false testimony, we
are here
To Do WHAT IS BEST FOR ALL
concerned and we want you to join with us in
helping to accomplish it."
After a general discussion the conference adjourned
until March 22, upon which date the
scale committee meetings brought out some compromise
offers. At the afternoon session the
miners offered to waive their demand for a wage
increase if the operators would consider a proposition
for the equalization of turns, sub-district
conferences to name specific prices for deadwork,
and a broader check-off system as provided in
the miners' original proposition. In other words,
it was asked that the operators take into consideration
the proposition of the miners as given
in clauses 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 in the miners' proposed
scale. This was voted down by the operators
who in turn offered a ten per cent, horizontal
reduction on the present scale prices, to rule
for six months from the first of April, after
which, if the state legislature does not pass the
tax bill or if it does not become a law, the present
scale to rule till the first of April, 1906. The
miners refused this and offered in its stead to
accept the existing scale in its entirety. The
miners subsequently submitted the operators'
proposition to their convention by which it was
rejected.
A considerable part of this day's sessions was
devoted to the discussion of the coal tax measure
introduced in the legislature. It was ultimately
agreed that it would be inadvisable to make a
scale until a disposition of the tax bill had been
made. A resolution protesting against the passage
of the bill was adopted and a committee composed
of Mr. Kerr, for the operators and W. B.
Wilson and District President Patrick Gilday for
the miners, was appointed to go to Harrisburg
and appear against the measure at the hearing
before the ways and means committee on March
27. On March 23 an adjournment was accordingly
taken until March 29.
After a final effort on March 29 to reach an
agreement, neither side having any new proposition
to offer, the conference was again adjourned.
The operators at the conference then called a meeting
of all the operators in the district to be held
in Philadelphia to-day, to discuss the situation.
Tne miners' re-opened their convention which instructed
its scale committee to concede nothing
beyond its final proposition in the conference, after
which it adjourned finally. The scale committee
afterward held a meeting at which the following
resolution was passed:
Whereas, we have learned that this district will

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
hold a meeting in Philadelphia Saturday, April 1,
to consider and act upon the wage scale for this
ensuing year, and.
Whereas, we have no elesire to complicate the
situation by any action that would embarrass our
employers without benefit to ourselves, and,
Whereas, there is a possibility that after the
operators have met and considered in tneir own
councils the conditions concerning the industry
in this field, we may be able to reach an agreement,
Therefore be it resolved, that where any operators
agree to pay present prices with present conditions,
work shall he continued until after April 1,
but no work shall be done after April 5, except
where the operator has signed the scale.
(Signed)
W. B. WILSON, Sec.-Treas. U. M. W. of A.,
PATRICK GILDAY, Pres. Dist. 2, U. M. W. of A..
RICHARD GILBERT, Sec.-Treas. Dist. 2, U. M. W. of A.
The miners' scale committee then adjourned
after arranging to meet again at Altoona on
April 4 in the hope that representatives of the
operators will be present and in position to reopen
negotiations.
To-day being the miners' eight-hour holiday, the
latter are idle and it is practically certain that
operations will not be resumed extensively until
after the outcome of the prospective conference at
Altoona next week.
NO INCREASE IN TIDEWATER RATES.
The railroads engaged in the transportation of
soft coal from the mining regions of Pennsylvania,
West Virginia and Virginia have decided to
continue the present rates on tidewater shipments
during the next year, ending April 1, 1906. These
rates have not been changed in the past few years
and are as follows: Clearfield coal, shipped by the
Pennsylvania railroad, $1.20 per ton to Philadelphia
and $1.50 to New York harbor, at South
Amboy; Beech Creek coal, over the New York Central
and thence either by the Reading or Pennsylvania
to Philadelphia, $1.20 per ton; Meyersdale
coal, $1.20, and Georges Creek, $1.35, by the Baltimore
& Ohio railroad to Philadelphia; Pocahontas
coal, over the Norfolk & Western to Norfolk, and
New River coal, over the Chesapeake & Ohio
to Newport News, $1.35 per ton. There has been
a wrong impression that a decision was reached to
advance these rates and that the effect would be
to slightly increase the retail price of such coal.
Mine Inspector Thomas Murphy, of Maryland,
has caused the arrest of two mine foremen in the
Lonaconing district on charges of willful failure
to obey the state mining laws.
PROPOSITION TO TAX COAL
IN PENNSYLVANIA MEETS
WITH EFFECTIVE OPPOSITION.
Chairman March, of the ways and means committee
of the Pennsylvania legislature, on March
17 introduced a measure providing for a tax of
three cents a ton on all coal mined in the state.
The bill, which was drafted in conformity to Gov.
Pennypacker's recommendation on the subject in
nis message to the legislature, also provided for a
tax on crude oil and other natural products, but
its revenue-producing powers were based mainly on
coal. Intense antagonism was aroused among the
bituminous coal interests of the state, whose attitude
was supported almost without exception by
the daily press and trade boards of the soft coal
districts. Sentiment in the matter quickly crystalized
and a delegation of soft coal operators.
reinforced by mine workers, and to some extent
representatives of general business interests,
visited Harrisburg on March 27 and presented
before the ways and means committee a protest
against the passage of the measure. On March
29 the members of this conimittee voted to postpone
indefinitely consideration of the bill, which
is regarded as the death of the measure.
Definite action on the matter was taken on
March 22 in the joint conference of the coal operators
and miners of the Central Pennsylvania bituminous
district, who agreed that it was impossible
to formulate a scale until the fate of the
tax bill were known. The business of the conference
was then subordinated to the consideration
of the measure. President James Kerr, of
the Beech Creek Coal & Coke Co., who was chairman
of the joint scale committee of the conference,
introduced the matter in the following address
:
"Gentlemen: I think we have a matter before
us this morning that is worthy of some intelligent
consideration on our part. We certainly
have the interests of the business we are employed
at one way or another enough at heart to
take up this matter. I have been advised, was
advised yesterday, that a new bill had been introduced
putting a tax of 3 cents a ton on bituminous
coal. There had been one introduced with some
features in it that were a little different, but the
bill now introduced puts a tax of 3 cents per ton
on the coal mined, and our advice is it is to be
railroaded through, if possible, and that it goes to
the senate on Friday to be passed upon."
"Are you sufficiently familiar with the bill to
know the purposes for which the tax is levied?"
asked National Secretary-Treasurer W. B. Wilson,
of the United Mine Workers.
"Well, they had in the original bill, some features
of it, that some of this money was to go

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
to roads and others was to go to pensioning aged that all people would have to pay, and necessarily
and inflrm men that had been employed in the the consumers would have to pay it, or, at least,
business," replied Mr. Kerr. "But that is delu­ it would seem as though it would come from them.
sive and I think they did that in the hope of But in this instance it comes off us direct and
getting the labor employed in it to indorse the must affect labor as well as the capital employed
measure. It has been the opinion of prominent in it. There can be no other solution of it. Now,
people in this state that no such legislation has don't let us put ourselves in a noose here by au­
been contemplated seriously; that it is one of thorizing any such legislation and it will do no
the many kinds of legislation that is advanced at harm to hold it up until a more careful investiga­
Harrisburg with a view of dragging financial help tion can be had as to how it can be met. We are
from those interests affected, and it has been a of one opinion—I have talked to a number of these
common species of graft in the history of our gentlemen this morning—about it, that it is a
state, unfortunately, and many have taken this serious matter to us and affects us all. Now, I
view of it. But in the last couple of days some viewed this from our own standpoint as the Cen­
have taken a more serious view. Now, there can tral Pennsylvania district only. The other dis­
be no doubt, if we are going to tax a ton of coal tricts of the state that are in competition with
after it is produced by this special tax of 3 cents other fields, such as the Pittsburgh district, would
a ton, we are indirectly, if not directly, taxing the lie met with the Western states not having such
results of labor in the production of that ton of a tax. It would appeal to them just as forcibly
coal. Labor must pay it—at least, the greater and I know they are very much agitated about it.
portion of it. A large proportion of the cost of I hope all of us will be at least on common ground
a ton of coal is labor; a large proportion of the in a law of this kind that affects us."
value of a ton of coal after it is on the cars is Secretary-Treasurer William B. Wilson, of the
labor, and if a special tax of 3 cents a ton can be I'nited Mine Workers said:
put upon bituminous coal we are placed at that "Mr. Chairman: We agree with you in the
much greater disadvantage with reference to the three statements you make in opposition to the
fields in West Virginia and South of us that we measure now pending before the legislature. We
are now most seriously complaining of as competi­ believe it would he an additional burden on the
tors."
results of labor, that it would add to the difficul­
"What do you suggest as a remedy?" asked Mr. ties in the production of coal in competition with
Wilson.
Southern fields, and that the weight of the tax
"I was going to say that, if we have the right must necessarily in the end be borne by the miners
view of this matter, if we are not mistaken as of the state. There are additional reasons, how­
to our position, if we know anything about our ever, that we think ought to be assigned and I
business situation at all, we ought to all join in would therefore move you that a committee of two,
a common voice to the legislature to hesitate in one operator and one miner, be appointed to draft
the passage of any such measure. Now, I will a resolution on this subject in opposition to the
agree that, if our business was a monopoly, as present measure and to report back to the confer­
some other lines of industry in the state of Pennence as soon as possible."
sylvania are, the burden might be put upon those The chairman, Mr. Kerr, appointed W. A. Lath­
outside of our state, or within it, for that matter, rop for the operators, and Mr. Wilson for the
who were the consumers of our product. But the miners, and together they prepared this resolution,
bituminous coal business is a very diversified in­ which represents the sentiments of both sides:
dustry. It is too widespread, too general, and Resolved, That the miners and operators of
any special tax upon it in the state of Pennsyl­ bituminous coal in the Central Pennsylvania disvania
that is not enjoyed in other states is to the trict of Pennsylvania, in which there are employed
disadvantage of not only the labor that is em­ 55,000 men and a production of 29,000,000 tons,
ployed in this state in that business, but the capi­ view with alarm the proposed tax of 3 cents per
tal as well. Surely, gentlemen, if we are sane ton now contemplated by the legislature at Har­
men, having the best interests of those employed, risburg, as a new and additional burden on the
whether capital or labor, in the production of coal results of labor. The bill now under considera­
in this state, we must recognize that it is against tion by the legislature, if it should become a law,
our interests to have this special burden put upon will add to the difficulties in the production of
us at this time. I could readily understand, if coal in competition with the Southern fields that
congress should adopt a law putting a tax of 3 do not have such a tax.
cents upon bituminous coal, we all would have
to pay it, that it would be no special hardship
In order to meet commercial conditions the
weight of this tax must necessarily be borne by the
and might not reach labor or capital employed in labor engaged therein.
it seriously. It would then be a horizontal charge We insist, therefore, that the labor and capital

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
employed in coal production in this state should
not be called upon to pay this special tax. If such
tax must be levied for the purposes of this bill it
should be levied by the federal government upon
all coal mined in the United States, otherwise the
states levying such tax will be placed at a disadvantage
in the production of coal.
We, therefore, humbly pray the senators and
members of the legislature to oppose the passage
of such special tax legislation.
The resolution was presented to the joint scale
committee at its meeting and adopted. On the
following day the conference ratified the action
of the committee and adjourned its sessions until
March 27. after appointing a conimittee composed
of Mr. Kerr for the operators, and Mr. Wilson for
the miners, to present the protest of the district
before the legislative ways and means committee.
District President Gilday, of the miners, accompanied
Messrs. Kerr and Wilson to Harrisburg.
Similar action was taken by the joint conference
in the Mercer-Butler field, which met at Greenville,
Pa., on March 21. It was agreed that it was
impracticable to make a scale under the circumstances
and arrangements were made by which the
interests of the field would be represented at Harrisburg.
The hearing before the ways and means committee
at Harrisburg was held on the evening of
March 27. So large was- the delegation opposing
the measure that it was necessary to use the main
TTall of the house. Chairman March, the author
of the bill, proposed to limit the length and number
of the protests but was overruled by the members
of the committee. There was also some friction
between Mr. March and his fellow committeemen
regarding his general attitude toward the
delegation which was the reverse of cordial. Patrick
Dolan. president of the Pittsburgh district
of the United Mine Workers of America, and
several other district officers represented the miners
of the Western end of the state. W. B. Wilson,
secretary and treasurer of the national organization
of the miners, appeared for the miners
of the whole state and Patrick Gilday, president
of the miners' organization of the Central Pennsylvania
district, appeared for his own constituency.
The operators were represented by Francis
L. Robbins, president of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.,
and the company's solicitor, former Judge Elliott
Rodgers; J. T. M. Stonerod was present for the
Carnegie Coal Co.; George M. Hosack and J. H.
Sanford spoke for the Clyde Coal Co.; Col. George
F. Huff talked for the Keystone Coal & Coke Co. of
Westmoreland county; Gen. W. H. Koontz, of Somerset,
represented the coal interests of nis county.
Former Congressman James Kerr, of Clearfield,
represented the operators of the Central district.
Howard Patton, H. C. Burket and Daniel Jones
represented their Westmoreland county coal oper
ations, and Edward and Marcus Saxman represented
coal and coke interests at Latrobe. John
M. Jamison represented the Jamison Coal & Coke
Co., of Greensburg, and Edward D. Fulton, W. W.
Parshall and James R. Gray represented the coke
interests of Fayette county. Many other operators
from the Western end of the state were present
or represented, and the protests, it was explained,
represented nearly 250,000 workmen and
fully $150,000,000 in capital.
Headed by Congressman Huff, the delegation
called upon Gov. Pennypacker during the afternoon.
The governor listened to Mr. Huff's statement
outlining the purpose of the visit, but made
no comment of significance as to his personal attitude
on the question.
President Robbins, in opening the attack before
the ways and means committee, said he opposed
tne hill as it would add to an already over-burdened
bituminous tax; that no such tax is imposed by
states in which the Pennsylvania product is obliged
to compete for business, and that the fact that in
this state bituminous operators pay road, school,
county and state corporation taxes should be considered
sufficient. Manufacturers are not taxed,
he said, and asked why coal should be singled out
for special state revenue. He continued:
"We have competition everywhere, North, West,
South and East. Ohio. Indiana. Illinois and Kansas
on the West; Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland
and Kentucky South, and the product of the
Southern district faces us Eastward. We do not
make market prices, but we must meet them.
Taxation should be equitable, not of a nature to
destroy home industry and amounting, as this one
does, to confiscation. statistics show that coal
lands in the states I have mentioned are subjected
to only a small tax. comparatively, and the
last West Virginia legislature changed the method
of appraisement, it being now on actual value, and
about one-fourth the amount imposed in this state.
There, home companies pay less than foreign corporations,
and everything is done to encourage
instead of retard development.
"The tax in Ohio is $35 as compared to $200 in
the Pittsburgh district. Ohio receives one mill
corporation tax as against five mills paid in Pennsylvania.
In Illinois and other Western and
Southern states the same protection is afforded
home capital. Five years ago in the extraordinary
evolution of the Pittsburgh district, the Pittsliurgh
Coal Co. and the Monongahela Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co. were formed by merging about
125 corporations, firms and smaller interests.
Since then the wages of the miners has been increased
and their material conditions greatly improved.
The value of coal properties has increased.

"Land which we may not develop during the
next 50 years has been purchased, and on this we
are paying taxes. It was appraised at $25 when
purchased, and is now charged at $75. The investment
has benefited the territory where the
lands are situated and development has stimulated
other industries, built towns, and increased county
revenues. Our interests are great, so great that
we asked for this hearing, believing this comm.-tee
would not approve the bill if familiar with
the injury it would cause. Our protest is not
only that of the operator, but is backed by the
United Miners of Western Pennsylvania. We are
willing to pay our fair share of taxes, but not an
unequal proportion, and you should not expect it."
W. B. Wilson, secretary of the United Mine Workers
of America, was next introduced. He said in
part:
"There are many points on which operators and
miners disagree, but on this bill they are unanimous
in their opposition. It is a well recognized
rule of legislation that no bill shall be enacted
unless it is reinforced by a well defined necessity.
"There is no necessity for a three cent tax per
ton or any other amount on coal. It would be a
hardship on the operator and on the employes. If
we had a monopoly it would be different, but we
have to compete with other states, and we, who
have been in wage conferences, know how sharp
is the competition in this line. On all sides of
Pennsylvania it exists. Wage conditions are governed
by this competition. In Virginia and West
Virginia wages for mining are not equal to those
paid here. Those states have many natural advantages.
They can produce coal much cheaper.
Without enumerating the advantages enjoyed by
the states mentioned, I am able to say that Pennsylvania
is at a great disadvantage. As Mr. Robbins
so plainly put it, we cannot make prices; we
meet them. If we do not meet them our mines
are closed and our men are out of employment.
"The margin of profit in coal is so narrow that
the passage of this bill would result in a contest
between operator and miner as to who would have
to pay the three-cent tax. The miners believe it
would fall upon them. Out of all reason is the
amount of this proposed tax. It is equal to a 300
per cent, tax, and no industry can support such a
burden. I am a farmer as well as a miner and
know that if you were to place this burden upon
my farm, I would be obliged to surrender the
property. Should this measure become a law one
of two things would happen; either the miners
would accept a reduction of wages or strike to resist
such reduction. The Butler and Central districts
are now attempting to agree upon their wage
scales for this year, but are unable to do so because
of the pending bill. Seventy-five or eighty
thousand men are tied up waiting an adjustment.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
"In the Pittsburgh region the scale has yet to
run another year. It was made in conjunction
with the states of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois and
based upon those natural differentials calculated
to give a fair deal to all interests. Should this
bill pass it would destroy our competitive relations.
it would not only be an injustice for one year, so
far as Pennsylvania is concerned, but afterward.
If the legislature could tax all coal, the subject
might be one worthy of consideration, but under
present conditions they have as much right to
impose a tax on steel, iron, textile, tobacco and
agricultural interests as they have upon coal.
"If the proposition is just it should apply to all
products, not to one. This bill is detrimental to
the interests of the state. The consumers outside
of Pennsylvania will not pay for the reason
that they would take advantage of competition.
Sixty-five per cent, of the bituminous coal mined
in Pennsylvania is consumed here, 35 per cent.
outside, therefore the burden of taxation would be
principally borne by our people."
After Senator Wilbert had submitted a telegram
announcing the resolution of protest adopted by
the Merchants and Manufacturers' Association of
Pittsburgh and another resolution of a similar
character from Connellsville, President Patrick
Dolan, of the Fifth district, was introduced.
"I am here with a little more than has been
said," said Mr. Dolan, "and as the representative
of 50,000 miners I desire to file a most emphatic
protest against the passage of this bill. Our wage
conferences have been obliged to adjourn until it
is disposed of. In the 27 years since I entered
the business, I never before heard such a proposition.
If you vote for this bill you will be voting
a wage reduction for the miners.
"I do not believe they will accept it. But should
they submit the coal now mined and shipped from
this state would be supplied from other states and
the wages now earned by our miners would be
earned elsewhere. It would mean less work, it
would be disastrous. Let the employers look out
for themselves. We are here for the miners. Do
you want to legislate us out of the state and that
part of our coal industry which so successfully
competes with those of other commonwealths?
This bill is not fair; it should not be passed, and
the miners expect you to protect them."
Nearly every member of the delegation addressed
the committee, many presenting carefully prepared
figures showing the iniquitous results the
proposed law must inevitably have on the mining
interests of the state. In addition to the protests
made at the public hearing written protests had
been filed by the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce
and the trade boards of almost every town
in Central and Western Pennsylvania. The hearing
was attended by the majority of the members

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"of the legislature and the manner in which the
protests were received by them indicated plainly
that if put to a vote the measure could not pass.
This and the overwhelming weight of the opposition
from all quarters was so evident that the
side-tracking of the bill in committee was announced
two days later.
PROPOSED MINE LEGISLATION.
A bill introduced in the Pennsylvania legislature
by Representative Thompson of Fayette,
would amend the act relating to bituminous coal
mines by providing that in non-gaseous mines the
minimum quantity of air in circulation shall not
be less than 200 cubic feet per minute for every
person employed, but in mines where fire damp has
been detected the minimum shall not be less than
three cubic feet per minute and as much more in
either case as one or more of the mine inspectors
may deem requisite. It shall be the duty of mine
inspectors to prosecute all persons who persistently
violate the law.
Another bituminous mine bill introduced by Mr.
Thompson would amend the act of 1893 compelling
the mine foreman or his assistants to make
a careful examination each day between the
hours of 7 in the morning and 5 in the evening
of all working places and traveling roads to see
that the roof and sides are properly supported
by timber or other material, so that they shall
be in safe condition for men to work or travel
therein. Reports of all such examinations shall
be recorded in a book, kept at the mine office,
the mine inspector being charged with seeing that
their requirements are observed.
Another measure has been presented, providing
for a compulsory eight-hour working day for
miners throughout the state. There are some
seven or eight measures looking to the same end
now in committee.
THE INDIANA SITUATION.
The situation in the Indiana coal fields is steadily
growing worse. Despite the fact that every
ordinary means to improve trade conditions is
being utilized, the business during March has
been poorer than it should be during midsummer.
At no time in the history of the local trade has
business been so poor as at present and the outlook
for relief is not favorable. Although the
winter has been severe, and the demand for coal
ought to have been large, most mines in the Indiana
field have worked irregularly, while recently
a number of large mines have closed down for an
indefinite period. The worst condition prevailed
in the block coal field, in Clay county, where fully
1,000 miners are without work. At Diamond.
Perth, Coal Bluff and other mining towns there is
real distress; miners there have had only irregular
work through the winter, so that when the mines
closed they were absolutely without resources,
and many of them were in debt. These conditions
are attributed in part to over-production, resulting
from the opening of many new mines during
the past two years. At the same time, there
is reported an actual falling off in the demand for
coal from mills and factories. It was expected
that the many factories, which started up in the
gas belt, would become consumers oi coal, owing
to the gradual exhaustion of the gas supplies, but
so far the mills thus affected seem to have closed
down altogether, and have not helped the demand
for coal.
RIVER IMPROVEMENT WORK
WILL BE COMMENCED SOON.
With the advent of favorable weather conditions
the work of completing improvements on
the Allegheny, Monongahela and Ohio rivers now
under way, entering upon the construction of new
dams, etc., and surveying the Ohio river for both
a six and nine-foot stage from Pittsburgh to
Cairo, will be taken up by the Pittsburgh office of
government engineers. The signing of the rivers
and harbors bill by the president, carrying with
it over $2,000,000 for local rivers, was the signal
for active preliminary work to be taken up. Specications
have been prepared for the river dams,
now under way and for new ones, and have been
forwarded to the secretary of war, under whose
jurisdiction all contracts will be let. The preliminary
work has advanced so far that immediately
following the placing of contracts, construction
work will be started. The improvements
in the Pittsburgh district provided for hy
the bill are as follows: For the construction of
a dam at Herrs Island, Allegheny river, $281,-
226.63; for the construction of dam No. 3 in the
Monongahela river, $389,196; for completing dams
Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5 and changing dam No. 6 to provide
for a 9-foot stage in the Ohio river, $1,281,-
376; for surveying the Ohio river for a depth of
6 or 9 feet, $500,000. The amount appropriated
makes sure a depth of 9 feet to Beaver and will
enable reliable data to be gathered as to the cost
of a 6 or 9 foot stage the full length of the Ohio
river.
The Kentucky railroad commission has ordered
a reduction of about 30 per cent, in the coal rate
on the Big Sandy division of the Chesapeake &
Ohio railroad, and a similar cut in the coal and
general freight rates on the Paintsville division of
the same railroad.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
THE PULSE OF
Despite the tendency in all quarters to hold
back pending the taking effect of summer price
quotations, the state of the general coal market
is good with the future prospect extremely bright.
In the Western bituminous trade the dullness
that has prevailed throughout the winter continues,
particularly at Chicago, where the effect
of the chronic over-stocking is accentuated by
mild weather. Dealers are endeavoring to deplete
their stocks in view of the approaching tax
assessment period but there is every prospect
that the April business will be much better than
that of the same period last year. Eastern coal
is weak but it is considerably stronger than the
Western product on which circular prices are not
being maintained. At Cleveland, and in the
lake region generally, the situation has not
changed much. The demand for coal for movement
up the lakes has had a tendency to lessen
the congestion in Lake Erie ports, with the result
that the market is a little stronger. The shippers
of coal up the lakes have been able to come to
terms with the vessel men as to the contract
rates during the coming season. The basis is
the same as that which was in effect last season,
namely, 35 cents to the head of the lakes and 45
cents to Lake Michigan points, principally Milwaukee.
The vessel owners had been contending
for a higher rate this year, but the fact that
the ore rates advanced so slightly had the effect
of cutting down rather than increasing the coal
rates, which last year were higher in proportion
than the ore rates. The movement of coal up the
lakes will begin in a short time, since a good
many of the boats are already loading, the railroads
moving material freely. In the South there
Las been a general improvement in production.
Tbe fine weather which has prevailed during the
past fortnight has been in favor of a large coal
output and there is a strong demand for all the
coal that can be mined. In the lower Mississippi
valley, Pittsburgh and West Virginia coal continues
to arrive ireely and the market is both
strong and active. Continued inability of the
railroads to meet the requirements of West Virginia
shippers still handicaps production in that
section. In the Pittsburgh district the conditions
are all that could be desired. A second
March rise in the Ohio permitted another river
shipment of about 6,000,000 bushels to the South
with the lowest percentage of loss reported in
many months. Should the high stage continue
to recede as slowly as it has done thus far, sufficient
empty carrying craft to give a steady summer's
work to the Monongahela valley miners
THE MARKETS.
will be assured. The railroad mines in the
Pittsburgh district are being operated satisfactorily,
and there is no complaint as to shortage
of railroad cars. Preparations are being made
by the Pittsburgh Coal Co. for a big lake trade
and it expects to fill contracts in the Northwestern
market, which greatly exceed the business booked
by that company last season. Run-of-mine is
quoted at $1.00 to $1.05.
The steady increase in the car supply and improvement
in rail transportation in general is
rapidly depleting the big reserve stocks of Connellsville
coke which were stacked up during the
severe winter weather. Production remains at
almost the possible maximum but the demand
shows no sign of abatement. Prices continue
firm at $2.25 to $2.35 for furnace coke for immediate
delivery and $3.00 to $3.25 for good quality
foundry. Last half furnace is quoted at $2.50
to $2.60.
The Eastern seaboard bituminous trade is very
active. The urgent needs have been met. however,
and producers are working on contracts in
hand. Contracts for the coming season are being
closed quietly, and the tonnage already placed
must be large. Holders of the smaller sizes of
anthracite have been cutting prices and are competing
to a certain extent with soft coal. Some
business has been diverted by this step, but the
offering of small coal has not served to demoralize
the bituminous market. Trade in the far
East shows an active demand, which appears to
be the result of an accumulation of orders during
the transportation difficulties that existed last
month. Trade along the sound is quiet, except
at those ports that have only recently been relieved
of their ice-bound conditions. Trade in
New York harbor is fairly active, but all urgent
orders seem to be disposed of. Current quotation
is about $2.75 f. o. b. shipping points. Allrail
trade continues active, and prices are strong.
Car supply has improved to about three quarters
of the requisitions, and transportation is in excellent
condition. This has allowed shippers to
cover all their more pressing requirements.
Coastwise vessels are in fair supply.
The anthracite market shows briskness despite
some holding back for the new circular. The
mines are working full time and the hard coal
operators expect April to be a record-breaking
month for production. February and March
shipments were restricted owing to the car short-

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ages, which affected the free movement of equipment
on all railroad lines. Another factor which
contributes to the belief that April will be an
extraordinary month in anthracite mining is the
knowledge that the present agreement between
the operators and miners expires April 1 of next
year and dealers are not inclined to be again
caught with a limited stock on hand in the event
of a strike such as they were two years ago. It
is expected, therefore, that, following the spring
discount a flood of orders will pour in on the
operators.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
that the market is sluggish with, little indication
of improvement. Quotations are as follows:
Best Welsh steam coal, $3.48; seconds,
$3.24; thirds, $3.06; dry coals, $3.24; best Monmouthshire,
$3.06; seconds, $3.00; best small
steam coal, $2.10; seconds, $1.98; other sorts,
$1.68.
i CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. tt
The mammoth Truesdale breaker of the Lackawanna
company, at Nanticoke, has been completed.
The structure is such a huge one that
the ordinary breaker seems dwarfed by comparison.
It will be the largest in size and capacity
in the anthracite region. The machinery is now
being installed, and it is expected that in less than
three months it will be in operation. It will be
equipped throughout with automatic machinery.
No steam power will be used, as all the equipments
are to be driven by electricity. The capacity
of the breaker will be 4,000 tons daily.
The Oakland Coal & Coke Co., of Corinth, W.
Va., is preparing to erect a large coal washer, the
dimensions of which will be 50 by 100 at foundation
and 75 feet high. The washery will be
equipped with up-to-date machinery and when completed
will be one of the most modern plants of
its kind.
George W. Kitsmiller, of Blaine, W. Va., has
purchased the coal and mining rights of the
Stover property located near Wallman, Md., and
those of the Manor Mining & Manufacturing Co.,
adjacent, and will install a complete modern plant
for working them. The tract embraces 820 acres.
With a capital stock of $3,000,000, which it
is proposed later to increase to $10,000,000, the
Atlantic & Birmingham Construction Co. has
been chartered in Georgia to build the Western
end of the Atlantic & Birmingham railroad
into the Alabama coal and iron fields.
The Middle States Coal Co., of Columbus, O., is
to build from 250 to 300 coke ovens at its coal
properties at Hager, near Welsh, W. Va., at a cost
of about $75,000. The output of the ovens is expected
to be close to 1,500 tons of coke daily.
The Tennessee Coal & Iron Railroad Co. is preparing
to install a practically complete new equipment
in its No. 3 and No. 5 mines in the Pratt
division in Alabama. The company is also building
50 new houses near the mines.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has begun the construction
of a large power house near Canonsburg,
Pa., which will supply electricity to all the mines
of the company in that district.
The Lorain Coal & Dock Co. will erect one hundred
houses at Lansing, O., for the accommodation
of the miners employed at the company's mine
at that place.
PLANS FOR STRENGTHENING
ANTHRACITE MINERS' UNION.
At the recent meeting of the anthracite district
miners' officials, at Hazleton, Pa., plans were
formulated to reorganize the anthracite workers
and get the many thousands of them who have
dropped out back into the union again. The present
paid-up membership out of the 150,000 mine
workers in the anthracite field is only about 43,-
000, which is a decrease of nearly 15,000, or at the
rate of 1,250 every month during 1904. According
to the plans of the leaders it will be necessary to
increase the paid-up membership at the average
of at least 5,000 a month between now and April
1, 1906, when the present agreement with the
operators expires. In the effort to do this President
Mitchell will visit the anthracite region as
soon as the weather is warm enough for outdoor
meetings and devote two or three months to aiding
in the reorganization work. The miners want an
eight-hour day and the sliding scale, the present
wages, and a number of minor concessions next
year.
Saxman Interests Consolidated.
The Saxman interests, embracing the Saxman
Coal & Coke Co., the Superior Coal & Coke Co.,
the Latrobe-Connellsville Coal & Coke Co. and the
Ligonier Coal & Coke Co., have purchased the
Derry Coal & Coke Co. and will merge all of these
companies under the name of the Latrobe-Connellsville
Coal & Coke Co. The new company will
control about 3,000 acres of coal, with 570 coke
ovens. The consolidation will take effect about
June 1.

Commendable altruism was shown by the Hazleton
carpenters who after striking for three weeks
for an unjust demand decided to return to work
" in order that the miners need not be idle." This
kind of altruism is sometimes called "fraternal
interest," sometimes "deference to public sentiment,"
and sometimes plain "horse sense," which
amounts in the end to knowing when either an
individual or a body of them is "thoroughly
licked."
—o—
The growing practice on the part of miners in
certain districts, of sending out dirty coal, is one
that the mine owner cannot afford to overlook.
The quibbling over this point on the part of the
mine workers' leaders, so much in evidence at
several places, deserves a sharp check. It is not
only a reflection on the honesty of the workmen
and the intelligence of their officers, but is likely at
any time to bring into question the integrity of
the operators who are responsible for their product.
—o—
The idiotic course pursued by the New York
subway employes in forcing the hand of one of
the best friends the workingman ever had, is one
of the hardest blows the cause of labor has sustained
in many a day. 'i'he almost insane greed
and persistency shown by tne strikers was such
as to convince the average person that organized
labor did not inspire the thought that .

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Mutual Coal Mining Co.; capital, $30,000; incor­
• NEW ENTERPRISES. • porators, Frederick Rowe, Meyersdale, Pa.; H. L.
Miller, Harry Hamilton and J. Hamilton, Hilliard,
Smithfield Coal Co., Clarksburg, W. Va.; capital, Pa.
$300,000; incorporators, Jasper S. Kyle, Sheridan
R. Griffin, Albert B. Van Osten, James Edward
Law, Clarksburg, and W. A. Lewis, Smithfield,
W. Va.
—+—
The Richard Hawkins Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; capital,
$500.00(1; incorporators, George T. Richards,
Pittsburgh; John Scott, Jr., Lewis H. Vandusen,
Alex. S. Vandusen and Robert T. Maloney, Philadelphia.
— r —
Auld Run Coal Co.; capital, $25,000; incorporators,
M. B. Courtright, Philadelphia; Frank J.
Lieb, Nicktown, Pa.; William M. Smith, Thomas
A. Estep and John E. Evans, of Ebensburg, Pa.
i
Olive Coal Supply Co., Charleroi, Pa.; capital,
$100,00(1; incorporators, William Eckels, Albert
Eckels, George Bailey, John Bailey, \V. \V. Seaton
and Frank K. Nelson, Charleroi.
Cadiz Coal & Mining Co., Cadiz, O.; capital,
$250,000; incorporators, J. M. Sharon, Charles T.
Bronson, A. P. Sheriff, S. K. McLaughlin. II. S.
Barricklaw and J. M. Wheeler.
1
The Mohr-Minton Coal Co.. Columbus. O.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, William E. Mohr,
Frank C. Mohr, Ella M. Mohr. Daniel J. Minton
and John Minton.
1
Girard Coal Co., Camden, N. J.; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, Daniel M. Leedom, Ambler, Pa.;
Comly R. Jones, Philadelphia, Pa.; John T. Woodhull,
Camden.
— h —
Application was made at Harrisburg, Pa., on
March 27, by R. L. Martin. Hermon Griffin and
others, for a charter for the Pittsburgh Coal
Washer Co.
—+—
An application was made at Harrisburg, Pa., on
March 23, by J. C. Bily, J. G. Evans and C. F.
Johnston, for a charter for the Struthers Coal &
Coke Co.
—+—
Dow Run Coal Co.. Logan, W. Va.; capital, $100,-
000; incorporators, F. E. Pierpont, James P. Hazleton.
Henry Spence. Elmer O. Pettit and C. V.
Wright.
—+—
Zenobia Coal Co., Toledo, O.; capital. $15,000;
incorporators, A. M. Chesbrough, C. E. Russell, J.
C. Whelan, George W. Fluckey and Charles S.
Ashley.
—I
Moxahala Coal Co., New Straitsvi.le, O.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, E. S. martin, H. H. Grisey,
R. M. Giesey, John D. Martin and R. H. Wolfe.
i
Pittsburgh-Wabash Gas Coal Co., Charleroi, Pa.;
capital, $5,000; incorporators, W. J. Glendaniel,
G. B. Nelan, Donora; W. W. Luce, Monessen.
—+—
The Walker & Cherry Coal Co., Little Rock. Ark.;
capital, $10,000; incorporators, R. W. Walker, R.
S. Hamilton and C. W. Cherry.
—+—
Union Anthracite Coal Co., Clarksville, Ark.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, Samuel Laser, Joe
B. King and A. N. Ragon.
1
Cumberland Coal Co., Seattle, Wash.; capital,
$12,000; incorporators, Amos Ives, C. A. Ives and
L. J. Gay.
!
The Waterloo Coal & Mining Co. has been incorporated
at Kansas City, Mo., with a capital of
$50,000.
Tne Deer Creek Coal & Mining Co. has been incorporated
at Des Moines, la., with a capital of
$b0,000.
1
The Timber Hill Coal Co. has been incorporated
with a capital stock of $100,000 at Oklahoma City,
Okla.
i
The Diamond Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Des Moines, la., with a capital stock of $10,000.
Indictments In Harwick Mine Case.
True bills were returned on March 14 by the
Allegheny county, Pa., grand jury, charging Mine
Inspector F. W. Cunningham and Superintendent
Wilfred Sowden, of the Harwick coal mine, with
involuntary manslaughter. Bills charging both
men with murder were ignored. The indictments
grew out of the explosions in the Harwick mine
on January 25, 1904, in which 187 men lost their
lives. It is alleged that the accident was the
result of an explosion caused by a blow-out shot;
that the explosion ignited gas and coal dust in
the mine, which were allowed to remain there
because of ice stopping the mine ventilation, and
that this ice had stopped the ventilation on account
of the negligence of Mine Foreman George
Brown, Fire Boss Joseph Bordon and the defendants.
Inspector Cunningham is involved because
the Harwick mine is located in his district.

At the recent convention of the Iowa mine
workers, J. P. White was re-elected president; L.
P. Joyce was chosen vice-president; Edwin Perry,
secretary-treasurer; John Reid, auditor; Joseph
Sharp, national board member. The distiict now
has ninety-two locals, with a total membership of
almost 15,000. The membership in 1900 was only
7,000. The organization has a cash balance in the
treasury amounting to $131,798. The balance on
hand at the annual meeting of last year was $63,-
514.
...
The interpretation of the word "persistent" resulted
in a mine strike involving 175 men, near
Terre Haute, Ind. The operators contend that
the loading of three cars of dirty coal in a week
meant 'persistent," while the miners hold that a
miner must load three cars of dirty coal in one
week and then is liable to discharge if he loads
two cars any other week. The same trouble is
being experienced at other mines in that district
and may result in more men being called out.
* * *
At the recent convention of the Pennsylvania
federation of labor, resolutions were adopted calling
on union men to insist on seeing the union
cards of clerks employed in the various stores
when they make a purchase; endorsing the fight
for the initiative and referendum and urging the
introduction into the legislature of a resolution
for a constitutional amendment providing for such
a policy for state and community legislation.
* * *
The following officers were elected at the recent
convention of the mine workers of the Michigan
district: President, John Harris, Saginaw; vicepresident,
Humphrey Lewis, St. Charles; secretary
and treasurer, Robert Brown, Saginaw; district
board, Joseph Clements, Saginaw; John Tameron,
Bay City; Samuel Moore, St. Charles; Michael
Barry, Saginaw; member of the national board,
Elsie McCullough.
* * *
The twenty-seven suits brought against miners
at Spillma^, W. Va., by the Consumers Coal & Mining
Co., for damages alleged to be due for persuading
imported miners to quit work, have been dismissed
by the court. The suits were for $1,000 to
$4,000, and aggregated more than $40,000. They
were the first damage suits ever entered by a corporation
against employes in West Virginia.
* * *
The manufacturers and coal operators and the
manufacturing employers of Tennessee have appointed
committees of which Edward J. Smith, of
Memphis, is chairman, to urge the passage of a
THE COAL TR.- 3E BULLETIN. 47
bill that will make it unlawful for labor unions
to maintain a system of picketing and boycotting
in order that they may win out in strikes, lockouts
and other troubles.
* * *
At the recent district convention of the Central
Pennsylvania miners an appropriation of $2,000
was placed in a fund to pay check-weighmen at
small tipples in weak sub-districts, and sub districts
1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 were requested to make an
appropriation of $5,000 each to the same fund.
The fund is to be disbursed by the district treasurer.
* * *
Carpenters employed on the new Lehigb & Wilkesbarre
coal breaker near Hazleton, Pa., abandoned
their strike for 30 cents an hour and returned
to work at the former rate of $2.50 a day,
after being out three weeks, in order to enable
the miners forced into idleness to resume their
employment.
m m *
The national mine workers' organization has
been asked by the Kentucky district to organize
the miners of Hopkins county, in that state. An
attempt to organize Hopkins county four years ago
failed because of the preponderance of non-union
sentiment.
* * *
An unusually large number of petty differences
are occupying the attention of the mine workers'
officers and mining officials in Eastern Ohio. One
of me principal causes of trouble is the growing
practice of the miners of sending out dirty coal.
* * *
The strikes in the coal and iron districts near
Warsaw, Poland, have been brought to a close.
The conditions responsible for them were of a
political rather than of an industrial nature.
* • •
At a meeting of independent coal and coke operators
at Latrobe, Pa., on March 15, it was decided
to direct their representatives to announce an advance
in wages to go into effect April 1.
* * •
The wages of about 4,000 miners and other employes
in the Morristown, N. J., field were increased
from 10 to 15 per cent., the new rate becoming
effective to-day.
* * *
From all sections of the country miners, coke
workers and laborers are flocking to the Connellsville
coke region, attracted by the recent voluntary
raise in wages.
* * *
Efforts are being made to organize the miners
in all the districts of the Louisville and Nashville
railroad section of Tennessee.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
KETUCKY SCALE RENEWED.
After ten days' consideration the representatives
of the Western Kentucky Coal Operators' Association
and delegates of District No. 23, United Mine
Workers of America, on March 25 adopted with
slight changes the agreement and scale of wages
of last year. The details of the agreement follow:
As 78"i cents is the price in the contract for
mining screened coal, the mine-run price where
the coal is unscreened is flxed at 48 8-10 cents per
ton. The price of yardage in entries is fixed at
$1.19 :1 4 per yard, but when tne entry exceeds ten
feet and is not more than twelve feet, the price is
fixed at 89V4 cents per yard. The price of turning
rooms is fixed at $3.57 per room.
Chain machine runners and helpers shall be
paid at the rate of $4.46'{j per twenty-seven cuts,
$2.36% to the runner and $2.10 to the helper, when
they work by the day. The runner shall receive
26 6-10 cents per hour and the helper 26% cents
per hour when they work by the hour.
Punch machine runners shall receive 29 6-10
cents per hour, and the helper shall receive 22 4-10
cents per hour, when they work by the hour, 11V4
cents per ton of screen coal to the cutter, 6% cents
per ton of screen coal to helper, or 1 19-100 cents
per square foot to the cutter, and 71-100 cents to
the helper.
The following scale of wages shall be paid for
inside work:
Per day.
Tracklayers $2.10
Tracklayers' helpers 1.91
iappers 65
Bottom cagers 1.91
Drivers gathering with one mule 1.91
Drivers gathering with two mules 2.08
Drivers with more than two mules on entries, 2.08
Riders 1.91
Water haulers 1.91
Timbermen 1.91
Pipemen 2.02
All other inside day labor 1.91
The minimum outside scale of wages for work
about the mine shall be 1.52
TO STOP PETTY STRIKES.
The Indiana bituminous operators' association
adopted a resolution at their conventhion at Terre
Haute, on March 15, which is virtually an ultimatum
to the miners against petty strikes. The
resolution in effect is that in the event of a violation
of contract which results in a shutdown,
the check-off system, whereby the operators check
off clues of miners for the union, will be suspended
until such violation or shotdown is abandoned.
In the event that the shutdown is not
terminated within the month, the check-off system
throughout the state will be suspended. The resolution
was sent to district eleven, United Mine
Workers of America, in annual convention at
Terre Haute, with the notice that the check-off
system in Sullivan county had already been suspended.
The reply in substance is that the agreement
entered into a year ago holds another year;
that the mine workers propose to carry out their
part and that any violation not ratified must come
from the operators.
ATTORNEY WALES REFUSES TO
COMPLY WITH COURT ORDERS.
An appeal from the order of Justice Lyon compelling
Attorney A. D. Wales to file a bill of particulars
in his action against John Mitchell for
$200,000 for settling the anthracite coal strike.
was argued before the appellate division of the
supreme court at Binghamton, N. Y., on March 24.
Certain portions of the order were complied with
by Mr. Wales, but he was unwilling to unfold his
plan for settling the strike, for which settlement
he claims $200,000 is due him. From this part of
the order he has appealed.
THE BUTLER-MERCER CONFERENCE.
The scale conference between the operators and
miners of the Butler-Mercer field of the Pittsburgh
district convened at Greenville, Pa., on March 21.
Conflicting propositions were presented, the miners
asking 83 cents a ton for 114-inch coal and
the operators offering 68 cents. The coal tax bill
upset the regular proceedings of the conference
which was adjourned until March 30 when it was
reconvened. The proposition of the miners is
the present base rate but the details of their scale
provide for some changes which, they contend,
are necessary to equalize the differential between
pick and machine mining. There are about 35
operations in the district with a total of 40 mines.
The mine workers number 2,500 men.
Mine Superintendent's Home Burned.
Serious trouble occurred at Holden, in Logan
county, W. Va., as the result of the strike of the
300 miners at 'the United States Coal & Oil Co.'s
works. On March 22, 100 non-union men arrived
in Holden to go to work. The strikers were
demonstrative throughout that night and soon
after midnight the home of Superintendent F. P.
Morrel, just completed, but not occupied was discovered
in flames. The structure, which cost
$30,000 and which was located on a mountain
The mine workers number 2,500 men. No agreement
was reached on March 30 and the conference
was again adjourned until April 4. Meanwhile
meetings to discuss the situation will be held by
both sides.

The King Knob Coal Co. has been incorpoiated
by W. A. Walker, W. A. Walker, Jr., and James
Phelps, with a capital of $150,000, to do a general
coal, coke and fuel business at Milwaukee.
*
The Commercial Coal & Coke Co. has been incorporated
at Kansas City, Mo., with a capital of
$25,000, and succeeds to the business of the Commercial
Coal & Supply Co.
The Freeman Coal Co. is a new concern which
was organized and incorporated, with $50,000 paidin
capital stock, to engage in the coal business at
Binghamton, N. Y.
*
Benedict, Downs & Co., wholesale and retail coal
dealers of New Haven, Conn., have incorporated,
with $50,000 capital stock. The name will remain
unchanged.
*
At Crete, Neb., the Goodell Grain & Coal Co. has
been succeeded in business by the Hopkins-Goodell
Co., recently incorporated, with a capital of $25,-
000.
#
John H. Lynch, a dealer of Albany, N. Y., has
taken his son into partnership, and the firm will
be known as John H. Lynch & Son.
*
G. F. Trower, the implement and coal dealer of
Garber, Okla., has sold his Covington branch to
Woerz & Boepple.
C. B. Lamkin has succeeded to the business of
the Wheeler Grain & Coal Co., at Laurens, la., and
also at Ware, Ia.
#
George Sutton has taken the management of the
business of the C. R. Smith Lumber & Coal Co., at
Table Rock, Neb.
*
The Hartje Coal Co. has been organized at
Chicago with a capital of $10,000 to do a general
coal business.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 19
R. Hagelwood has given a bill of sale on his
coal business at Des Moines, la., to S. A. Hagelwood.
*
The Updike Lumber & Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Omaha, with a capital stock of $100,000.
Milo Stark has sold his interest in the coal busi
ness of Milo Stark & Co. at Cripple Creek, Colo.
Searle & Chapin have purchased the coal business
of Norcross & Mahannah at Beatrice, Neb.
W. B. Rogers has been succeeded in business in
Olivett, la., by the Rogers Coal & Mining Co.
The Big Hill Fuel Co. has succeeded to the business
of the Big Hill Coal Co. at Lucas, Ia.
The Northport Lumber & Coal Co. is a new concern
in business at Northport, N. Y.
*
The Kansas Fuel Co. has been incorporated.
with headquarters at Columbus, Kas.
.1. J. Harvey has purchased the coal business of
T. F. Marnane at Salt Lake City.
*
J. W. Gilliland has purchased the fuel business
ot J. D. Mathias at Ottawa, la.
M. W. Wiley has succeeded to the coal business
of J. E. Palmer, at Norton, Kas.
W. T. Stout has sold his coal business at Mc­
Pherson, Kan., to T. R. Niles.
G. F. Fuchs has sold his coal business at Davenport.
Ia., to W. H. Claussen.
*
R. P. Dethmers has sold his coal business at
Plessis, la., to E. Hill.
*
M. L. Meek has sold his grain and coal business
at Ellsworth, Kas.
*
C. C. Hubbard has sold his coal business at
The Ivy Leaf & Piper Coal Co. has filed articles Carthage, Mo.
of incorporation at Birmingham, Ala. Its capital
is $50,000.
*
The miners employed at the Twin mines of the
William Fried, Jr., has purchased the coal and Coal Bluff Coal Co., in Green county, Ind., have
lumber business of the Baker Elevator Co. at Bee­ struck owing to a difference as to the number of
mer, Neb.
miners the machine operator should cut coal for.
The agreement between the miners and operators
F. C. Newcomb & Co. have sold their eoal busi­ of the Eleventh district stipulates that the maness
at Murray, Iowa, to the W. J. Dixon Lumchine operator should not cut coal for more than
ber Co.
twelve men.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
m
«
"^s'^; '
NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING,
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
i
E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT.
:: ¥-}*H^

Colonist Tickets to the West and Northwest
via Pennsylvania Lines.
One-way second-class colonist tickets to California,
the North Pacific Coast, Montana and Idaho,
will be sold via Pennsylvania Lines from March
lst to May 15th, inclusive. For particulars apply
to nearest Ticket Agent of those lines. J. K. Dillon,
District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
One-Way Settlers' Fares to South and Southeast.
One-way excursion tickets to points in Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and
Virginia, account Settlers' Excursions, will be sold
from all ticket stations on the Pennsylvania Lines,
during March and April. For full particulars
consult J. K. Dillon, District Passenger Agent,
515 Park Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
New Theory On Coal Formation.
In a lecture, recently, before the employes of
the Lehigh Valley Coal Co., J. Bennett Smith
stated that it was his belief that coal was formed
from a vegetable which grew on the water and
then sank to the bottom. This process, he said,
went on year after year, each succeeding layer of
vegetable formation adding to the thickness of the
seams of coal. He accounted for the difference
in the coal in different parts of the country by
stating that in certain localities this mass of
vegetable matter was subject to immense pressure
and great heat, so that the volatile matter was
driven out of it, this leaving what is now known
as anthracite coal. In other parts of the coal
fields the pressure and heat were not so great and
in these parts the volatile matter still remains and
forms bituminous coal.
iA
r\r
ACME COAL MINING CO.
MINERS A1YD SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS
\ m ^ -*Vj
MINES :
SLIGO BRANCH B & A. V. DIVISION OF P. R. K.
GENERAL OFFICES GREENSBURG, PA.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
INCORPORATED.
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. & L. E., ERIE, L. S. & M. S.
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
LA-
*\J
M 11f1T1IM11fTff1111lfl?ffff»fffTIIITTfff»fT»TTTTTTTTTT?¥?fffffTTTT11111TTTT11??fTf1ff?lT?fffIfTfTTTTTTTTTTTTTTfTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTffTffTfTTl?T?Tl?»"IT?TffTTFTTTfTTTTTTTTf»TTfTffTffTTTTTTTTffffffTTTTT?TTTTTBa^i
BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
GEORGE I. WHITNEY, PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. 3
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building,
S BELL TELEPHONE. 696 COURT. ^fc»-« I ' 1 3 U V/ tx. Vjl il, IT J\n \
^/JiitiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiittttUUMOMlUUliitliiiiiiiitiiilUUllMlUtititttUUUiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilliiiiitiilliiiiiiiiUUiitit.tiUUUlltltltMltltiiiliiiliiliiiiiiiliiiiiiiUlMlUtiUUittft^
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
AND
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: GREENSBURG, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
J V.
ARTHUR BROCK, President, Lebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburg, Pa.
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, Latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
. . . OF . . .
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
..AND..
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.
^ r
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUS
TT
SOUTH FORK, (/ " A R G Y L E " ]) PENNSYLVANIA.
SMOKELESS
O A
SMOKELESS
C r^ x V

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
liAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAiAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAiAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAi
SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
rr \)G \
!
STEAM COAL
. . and . .
CONNELLSVILLE COKE, Sc-
MINED AND SHIPPED BY THK
SAXMAN COAL & COKE COMPANY,
. . . LATROBE, PA. . . .
^ nn j)
Latrobe Connellsville Coal&Coke Go.
LATROBE. PA..
i PRODUCES AND SHIPS '
STEAM COAL OF FINEST QUALITY
AND MANUFACTURERS
BEST CONNELLSVILLE COKE.

THE
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
\\ C B
'POCAHONTAS^
^SMOKELESS.
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THE CELEBRATED C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAI,,
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, as the United States (ieological Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
C. C. B. Pocahontas Smokeless
Is the only American Ooal that has been Officially indorsed by the
Governments of Great Britain, Germany and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United States Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN &, BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
POCAHONTAS
TRADE MARK f»EGIST£«£0 MAIN OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 So. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
1 BROADWAY. NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK
CITIZENS 1 BRANCH OFFICES :
OLD COLONY BUILDING. CHICAGO, III.
BANK BUILDING, NORFOLK. 126 STATE VA. STREET. BOSTON, MASS.
EUROPEAN AGENTS ;
HULL, BLYTH &. COMPANY, 4 FENCHURCH AVENUE, LONDON, E. C. ENGLAND
NEAVE BUILDING, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
TERRY BUILDING, ROANOKE, VA,
LUHRIG
GOAL
MINES LARGE. NO SLACK. NO SLATE. NO CLINKER.
LONG DISTANCE PHONE
MAIN 3094.
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
MINED ONLY BY
THE LUHRIG COAL CO.
FOURTH AND PLUM STREETS, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
| J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL,
PRESIDENT. V. PREST & TREAS. SECRETARY. j
! Duncan=Spangler Coal Company
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER"and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-INO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
t- OFFICES: —-.
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA. _.
C. M. UNDERHILL,
WESTERN AGENT FOR
THE SALE OE
THE
ANTHRACITE COAL
OF
J. LANGDON & CO., INCORPORATED.
BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE.
FIDELITY BUILDING,
BUFFALO, • NEW YORK.
V 4

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
4
BITUMINOUS COALS, p^
STINKMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
4 OFFICES. j
26 South 15th Street, No. 1 Broadway,
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MUSTERS ANI1 SHIPPERS OF
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
AND
LTORSESLTOE COAL,
(MILLER VBIN.I
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers BanK Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
Empire Building, PITTSBURGH, PA.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
LOCATED OM MINES AT
C. & P. R. R., B. & 0. R. R. and Ohio River. Bellaire, Ohio.
Communications should be sent to LOUIS F. NEWMAN, Manager, Pittsburgh, Pa.
J " k.
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BYPRODUCT PURPOSES.
.T2
GENERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.

15he
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., APRIL 15, 1905. No. 10.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1904
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STBAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TRADK COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUII-DINO, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE OPERATORS AND MINERS OF THE
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA BITUMINOUS
DISTRICT RENEW THE 1904 WAGE SCALE
AGREEMENT.
The operators and miners of the Central Pennsylvania
bituminous district reached an agreement
at Altoona, on April 4, by the terms of
which the wage scale of 1904 was renewed entire.
The agreement was the result of a meeting of the
operators at Philadelphia on April 1, at which the
operators' committee was empowered to make
terms with the miners' scale committee, while
practically a unit in the opinion that it should
insist on the adoption of its final proposition, rejected
in the joint scale conference on March 29,
decided to grant the 1904 scale in preference to
bringing about a continuance of the general idleness
of the district inaugurated by the miners'
observance of the "eight-hour day" anniversary
on April 1. The miners' scale committee had previously
arranged to meet at Altoona on April 4.
It was met by the operators' committee and after
a short conference the following agreement was
formulated and signed:
It is hereby agreed, that*the present scale of
wages and conditions of employment be renewed
and continued for one year from April 1, 1905, to
March 31, 1906.
Miners' Committee:
WILLIAM CURRIE, Sec'y.
JOHN SULLIVAN,
GEORGE BASSETT,
W. S. DAVIDSON,
GEORGE SINCLAIR,
GEORGE MCMILLIN,
W. E. PATTERSON,
WILLIAM SLEE,
PATRICK GILDAY,
Pres't Dist. No. 2
EDWARD MCKAY,
National Organizer.
CHARLES KEENAN,
J. D. BATEMAN,
Operators' committee:
JAMES KERR, Chairman.
JAMES CORYELL,
LUCIUS W. ROBINSON,
R. A. SHILLINGFORD,
J. R. IRISH,
W. A. LATHROP,
ROBERT H. KAY,
FRED. G. BETTS,
C. B. MAXWELL,
GEO. E. SCOTT, Sec'y.
The agreements made in 1904 and in 1903, which
jointly form the new agreement, are as follows:
ALTOONA, PA., April 2, 1904.
It is hereby agreed, that the present scale be
renewed and continued for one year, from April
1, 1904, to March 31, 1905. with the following
changes, to-wit:
That the pick mining price shall be sixty-two
(62) cents per gross ton. That machine loading
shall be five-ninths (5-9) of the pick mining rate,
plus one-half (y2) cent per ton. That machine
cutting and scraping, whether by the day, ton or
board, shall be reduced six and six one-hundredths
(6.06) per cent. All other labor inside and outside
of the mines shall be reduced five and fiftyfive
one-hundredths (5.55) per cent, below present
wage scale, with the exception of blacksmiths and
carpenters receiving less than two dollars and
twenty-five cents per day, and other outside day
labor receiving less than one dollar and eightyfive
cents per day, who shall be reduced; and provided
further, that blacksmiths and carpenters
receiving more than two dollars and twenty-five
cents per day shall not be reduced below two dollars
and twenty-five cents per day in the application
of this reduction. All dead work to be
reduced six and six one-hundredths (6.06) per cent.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
on present rates paid. All monthly men and all
those engaged in the manufacture of coke to be
reduced five and fifty-five one-hundredths (5.55)
per cent, on existing rates.
ALTOONA, PA., March 20, 1903.
First—The pick mining rate shall be increased
ten per cent.
Second—That the price of machine mining, both
loading and cutting, be advanced 12 per cent.
Third—That eight hours of actual work at place
of work shall constitute a day's work for all labor
inside of the mines (except pumpmen and monthly
men, who are to continue on present conditions
at the same wages now paid, with 10 per cent.
advance), at present wages now paid. Drivers
to go to and from barn to place of work on their
own time with mule, but shall not be required to
harness or unharness mule.
Fourth—Rope riders, motormen, cagers or drivers
hauling outside from side tracks to work
the necessary extra hours to clean up coal on side
tracks, and to be paid the same rate per hour for
the extra time worked. Drivers, $2.40, and all
inside labor of similar character now receiving
the same wages as drivers to be paid the same
rate.
Fifth—All other clauses of inside labor to continue
at present rate of wages for eight hours'
actual work at working place. Trappers to receive
a minimum wage of one dollar per day.
Sixth—The system of check-off to continue, that
is, each operator hereto agree to collect by percentage
of earnings, when legally authorized by
such employe, the dues and assessments, and furnish
the organization a list of those paying.
Seventh—That all outside labor engaged in the
dumping and handling of coal, including mine
carpenters and blacksmiths, be advanced 10 per
cent on present hour basis and to work the hours
required and to be paid for the number worked.
Eighth—All other classes of outside labor at
mines to be advanced 10 per cent, on present
basis, except it is agreed that all firemen, engineers,
compressor men, pumpers, ash wheelers and
monthly men shall work the same hours as at
present, but receive 10 per cent, over present
wages.
Ninth—All labor engaged in construction work
in mines, or outside, and the opening of new
mines, are exempt from this agreement, this
agreement not to apply until regular shipment of
coal commences and not to apply on any labor
usual in the operation of a mine in the production
of coal.
Tenth—Conditions not specifically changed by
this agreement, including dead work and yardage,
shall remain the same at each and every mine and
shall receive the same as under last year's agree­
ment, with a 10 per cent, increase.
Eleventh—The organization agrees that the men
will work regularly when there is work, only absenting
themselves on the legal and church holidays,
the lst day of April, and those desiring to
attend funerals, and no observance of a Saturday
half holiday.
TEXT OF NEW WAGE SCALE
FOR THE MERCER-BUTLER FIELD
OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA.
Agreement entered into between operators and
miners of Mercer and Butler county fields at conference
held at Greenville, Pa., April 5, 1905, to be
in effect April 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906:
Bituminous pick mining, per ton of 2,000
lbs., run-of-mine $ .52
Machine mining, per ton of 2,000 lbs., undercutting
12
Machine mining, per ton of 2,000 lbs., loading .28
Cutter to receive 28 cents per yard for entries
and airways.
Cutter to receive 18 cents per yard for breakthroughs.
Cutter to receive 28 cents per yard for turning
rooms.
Loader to receive 50 cents per yard for room
turning, stump not to be less than six
yards, 32 cents per yard for break-throughs.
Tracklayers and drivers, per day $2.30
Tracklayers' helpers, per day 2.17
Common labor, inside, per day 2.00
Cagers and trip riders to remain at present
prices.
Cannel coal, inside labor, prices same as above.
The pick mining rates of last scale year to be
reaffirmed, and the machine mining scale as adjusted
be affirmed.
It is agreed that all coal shall be practically
mined and mine committees shall co-operate with
the mine foreman in enforcing this provision.
Pick sharpening price same as last scale year.
All local inequalities shall he investigated and
adjusted as near uniform as possible.
Deductions to be made through company's pay
roll.
That on the day that death by accident occurs
in a mine, for that day only, the miners may cease
work, but under no circumstances shall a mine be
laid idle for any funeral. This is, however, not
to prevent individuals from attending a funeral.
Signed by Operators: C. B. McFarlin, Mason
P. Mizener, D. D. Morris, William Jenkins. William
Collins.
Signed by Miners: C. W. Brown, John S. Rowe,
H. M. Stevenson. William Teare. Steve Corbett.
Jerry Klinginsmith. Fred. Stoehr, P. Dolan, chairman,
William Dodds, secretary.

RAILROAD TRAFFIC FROM
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
VARIOUS POINTS OF VIEW.
Three notable addresses on the subject of railroad
traffic were delivered at the third annual
dinner of the Traffic Club, of Pittsburgh, on April
7, by Willis L. King, vice-president of the Jones
& Laughlins Steel Co., President Samuel Spencer,
of the Southern railway, and Judge Peter S. Grosscup,
of the U. S. circuit court of the Northern
district of Illinois. The dinner followed an allday
outing by the members of the club who were
taken on a special train through the coal and iron
district between Pittsburgh and Uniontown, Pa.,
traversed by the Baltimore & Ohio and Pittsliurgh
& Lake Erie railroads and the Monongahela division
of the Pennsylvania.
Mr. King's view of the question was from the
standpoint of the shipper. He said in part:
Our population to-day in the real Greater Pittsburgh
is about 800.000, and our yearly freight
tonnage over 86,000,000 tons. Does this not
border on the supernatural. The little hamlet in
something more than a century grows to produce
more tonnage than the combined shipping ports
of London, New York, Antwerp, Hamburg, Hongkong,
and I think Liverpool may be thrown in
for good measure. Surely this may justify our
pride in the past and hope for the future. I must
confess my inability to grasp all that this means;
but I know that it largely means shortage of cars,
motive power and slow delivery. 'ihe fortunes
of the railroads and Pittsburgh are so closely interwoven
that a community of interest in its best
and broadest sense, offensive and defensive, should
prevail under all conditions. Has this obtained
in the past, and what part have the railroads had
in the making of Pittsburgh? No small or mean
part, I am glad to testify, and should I try to belittle
it, history would refute me and this great
assembly disprove me.
Yet it has been felt here for years that the railroads
DID NOT REALIZE THEIR POWER
for good to Pittsburgh, nor their ability to increase
her importance and tonnage. Many of us remember
the opposition on the part of the older railroads
to the entrance of the Pittsburgh & Lake
Erie road, and more lately the Bessemer & Lake
Erie and Wabash. Although unable to care for
the tonnage, this short-sighted policy would have
kept them out, in spite of the fact that every new
railroad entering a manufacturing district favored
by natural conditions, not only makes business
for itself, but the others as well.
Pittsburgh is the admitted metropolis of the
world's steel industry, her tonnage being greater
than the whole of Great Britain, but it is largely
in the more unfinished forms. Have you ever
asked yourselves why there are so few shops or
factories to work up that rough steel into highly
finished articles? No great agricultural works,
no great engine builders, either stationary or locomotive,
no famous tool-making establishments for
iron or wood-working, no automobile factories?
New England and the great West have them.
They should be here where raw material and fuel
are cheapest.
I think our railroads are greatly to blame for
this. The Pittsburgh manufacturers have in the
past also felt that they were not fairly treated in
the matter of freight rates, and that the railroad
policy inclined to assist competitive points, on
the theory or belief that Pittsburgh could somehow
take care of herself. I do not believe that
any such theory would obtain your support now,
for we have many active and powerful competitors.
Chicago, Cleveland and Buffalo, all situated on
the Great Lakes, are quick to take advantage of
their cheaper ore and your delay in movement of
freight. Buyers are patient, but finally go to the
market nearest. If your policy has been to build
up these points, you have succeeded.
Interstate Commerce Commissioner Prouty, in
a recent speech, is reported to have said: "Since
my acquaintance with the subject, the development
of industry has forced the railway; the
railway
HAS NOT LED THE INDUSTRY."
This I believe is particularly true of Pittsburgh,
and this is why you now find yourselves short of
cars, motive power and terminals. If you are to
do your full part in the future for sommercial
Pittsburgh you must reverse this policy. Should
you determine now that railroad facilities shall
always be in advance of manufacturing needs, I
have no hesitation in predicting that her past
growth, so marvelous as we know, will seem almost
insignificant.
We have just emerged from a season of rest
into a period of unusual and, I believe, long continued
activity. r l ue farmer plows and plants at
a time when there is no other work to do. You
should have learned of him, and during the period
of rest, prepared for the activity to come with as
much certainty as that the harvest follows seed
time.
The cry of car and motor shortage and delay in
deliveries goes up from the shippers and manufacturers
who increased their capacity last year,
and would still further add to their tonnage this
year, fear for the fruition of their increasing investments.
You have forced private capital to
provide transfer terminals and storage facilities.
I have told you of the rate from Philadelphia in
1784. I think we agree that a man who packed
100 pounds, and did not get killed by the Indians,
was entitled to his 45 shillings a hundred weight.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
In 1837, 53 years later, hundreds of Conestoga
wagons were crawling over the Allegheny mountains,
and the freight dropped to $50 a ton. The
canal later reduced costs very materially, but it
reniained for the steam railroad to make possible
for Pittsburgh to ship and receive yearly, 86,000,-
000 tons of merchandise.
I shall fail of my purpose to-night if I have
not impressed you with the tremendous power of
the railroads for the commercial and moral good
of the country. You can change the steel industry
from a prince or pauper into a prosperous
American citizen. You are the largest commercial
and industrial factor. You own $12,000,000,-
000 of property and employ and support millions
of your fellows. You cannot control the crops
nor prevent unwise legislation; but in the broad
and wise conduct of your affairs, you can prevent
those sudden and violent fluctuations so marked in
the past in this country, and bring about a stability
in the consumption and
A CONFIDENCE IN THE FUTURE,
so essential to the prosperity of a nation.
Judge Grosscup spoke for the people at large
as against the corporation, and pointed out the
need of regeneration of the present corporation
system. Mr. Spencer spoke for the railroads,
urging not less legislation, but legislation that
will at once make it possible for the railroad to
give to its security owners a fair return on the
investment and at the same time safeguard the
public. Among other things he said:
The distinguished jurist who is your guest tonight
has properly and pertinently said: "The
railroad man has his hour of opportunity now.
Let him join our president in establishing a tribunal
through which the nation's power can be
honestly, but at all times promptly and adequately
exercised. That will bring peace with
justice. No other peace would last." At no time
has the president's intention been to advocate governmental
regulation of railways which would
inflict injury upon the investments in the properties
or impair the usefulness of the carriers to
the public. He has never advocated, and he can
be trusted never to advocate, the adoption of any
regulation which does violence to the fundamental
principles on which the government is founded.
If a tribunal which will answer the description
can be organized, or if methods can be found—
and I believe they can be without the necessity
of an additional and special tribunal for the purpose—by
which the great railway questions of
the day can be settled in accordance with law and
equity, and in accordance with those fundamental
principles of government which are guaranteed
by the constitution, I speak with authority when
I say that substantially every railway manager in
the country
WILL SUBSCRIBE TO THAT VIEW,
and aid in the accomplishment of the desired
results.
The president, in his message to congress in
December, announced in no uncertain terms "that
the rebate, the secret contract, the private discrimination
must go," and that the highways of
commerce must be kept open to all on equal terms.
The country as a whole, including the owners and
the managers of railway properties, zealously supports
him in this declaration of purpose. When
the Elkins law was passed, it is well known that
not a single carrier in the country raised the
slightest objection, and not one objects now to
any provision of law which will aid in accomplishing
this declared purpose of the president.
But the Townsend bill, which passed the house
of representatives at the last session, contained
not a single provision for dealing with these or
kindred abuses, nor was any bill presented or
suggested which could be construed as having
that most desirable end in view.
The president's specific recommendation that
the commission be vested with power, where a
given rate has been challenged and found to be
unreasonable, to decide, subject to judicial review,
what rate shall take its place, and to put the rate
into effect, was most wisely qualified by the statement
that "at present it would be undesirable, if
it were not impracticable, to finally clothe the
commission with general authority to fix railroad
rates."
And yet substantially every bill which has been
presented in congress looking to granting increased
powers to the commission has been so
drawn that the ultimate and necessary effect of
its provisions, if enacted into law, would be to
"finally clothe the commission with that general
authority" which the president, in his conservatism,
pronounces "undesirable, if it were not impracticable."
Such enactments would not be "regulation."
They would mean incipient, if not final, control
of the sources of revenue of all the carriers, and
that, it is safe to say, the president never intended.
They might easily mean the taking of property
or the diminution of its value
WITHOUT DUE PROCESS OF LAW,
or without compensation to the owners.
The effect of such regulation undoubtedly would
be the curtailment of future railway construction
and improvements, not only by reason of the impairment
of railway credit, but also from the
unwillingness of investors to own or to enlarge
properties, the revenues of which would be practically
under government or political control and
the expenses still be subject to the uncertainties
of industrial conditions.

The railways of this country are chartered and
exist to perform certain public services, and they
represent, with a few isolated exceptions, the investment
of private capital.
If further legislation be necessary, and I do
not say that it is not, let it be given the direction
pointed out by the evils calling for correction,
and along logical, not experimental lines for the
remedying of those evils.
Draw the distinction broadly and unmistakably
between punishment for crime or misdemeanor,
on the one hand, and the unnecessary and unwise
governmental or paternal interference with legitimate
and legal exercise of individual endeavor,
on the other.
Separate widely the functions of government
which detect, and arraign and prosecute, from
those which sit in judgment upon complaints and
offenses against the law.
Strengthen the laws in condemnation of rebates.
secret devices and unjust discriminations to any
extent that may be found possible, and provide.
if such further provision still be necessary, for
the prompt arraignment and prosecution of all
offenders of the law in the duly constituted courts
of the country, and for the unsparing punishment
of those who are found to be guilty. If there are
such offenders in the railway fraternity, their
offenses should be exposed and punished, but it
is un-American and unfair, not to say outrageous,
that because it is alleged there are such that
every manager, every president and director, shall
be subject to indiscriminate public condemnation,
and that the innocent investors shall have their
property jeopardized and their rights infringed,
because those to whom the prosecution of the
law is entrusted fail
To FIND THE OFFENDER,
and to punish him.
Bring under the provisions of the interstate
commerce act and the jurisdiction of the commission,
those water lines which are engaged in
interstate commerce in competition or in conjunction
with the railways; place such restrictions
upon the interstate traffic passing partly through
foreign countries as will compel compliance with
all the laws and regulations which apply to that
moving solely within the United States boundaries;
spread the mantle of the law and of the
commission over the fast freight and private car
lines doing interstate commerce, and institute, if
needs be, such regulations in respect to industrial
tracks and phantom railways as shall prevent
such allowances to them as may breed insidious
evasions of the law.
In a word—stop illegal abuses drastically, but
avoid action which will affect savings put into
railroads in good faith; avoid legislation which
might impair service and efficiency and reduce
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
the wages of our 1,300,000 employes, for to the
wage earners alone among that number now go
over half of the gross expenses of the American
railroads.
Thus far I have discussed the regulation of
railways from the standpoint of practical operation,
and under the provisions of law. I do not
overlook the fact that there is in this country one
final tribunal which, under free institutions, is
the court of last resort. The carriers, as well
as every other interest, must recognize that the
great tribunal in which the final judgment on all
questions is made up, is public opinion, and to the
edict of that opinion, when pronounced, the carriers,
of course, will bow. All that they ask, all
that they have the right to expect, is that to that
tribunal the case may be thoroughly presented,
and they shall be fully and impartially heard, that
the court of public opinion shall not sit hastily
or passionately.
EUROPEAN COAL STATISTICS.
Richard Guenther, United States consul general
at Frankfort, Germany, makes the following report
on continental European coal statistics:
"The output of coal, coke and briquettes in
Germany in 1904 was as follows: Coal, 120,694,-
098 tons; lignite (brown coal), 48,500.222 tons;
coke, 12,331,163 tons; briquettes, ll,413,4b7 tons,
which exceeded the output of 1903 by the following
amounts: Coal, 4,029,722 tons; lignite, 2,544,-
644 tons; coke, 821,841 tons; briquettes, 937,297
tons. Germany imported 15,644,919 tons of coal,
lignite, coke and briquettes in 1904, and exported
in the same period 21,653,242 tons of these fuels.
Of the imports, 5,808,032 tons of black coal came
from Great Britain, and 7,669,062 tons of lignite
from Austria. The German coal exported goes
mainly to Austria Hungary, the Netherlands, Belgium,
Switzerland, Denmark, France and Russia.
Owing to the miners' strike, the coal figures of
Germany for 1905 will present a different showing.
"In 1904 Belgium imported 4,004,723 tons of
coal and coke, and exported 6,486,143 tons. Great
Britain exported 46,255,547 tons of coal, 1,237,784
tons of briquettes, and 756,949 tons of coke in
1904. The aggregate value was $130,724,000. During
the eleven months ended November 30, 1904,
Austria-Hungary imported 6,115,752 tons of coal
and coke, and exported 7,953,887 tons, of which
6,252,868 tons were lignite. From January 1 to
November 30, 1904, Spain imported 1,947,911 tons
of coal and 160,561 tons of coke."
A vast coal field has been discovered in Roumania,
and it is said that if it is properly worked
it will supply the demands of all the Balkan states.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
TEMPERATURE AND MINE EXPLOSIONS.
Regarding the influence of weather on mine ex­
plosions the report of the commission appointed
to examine into mine explosions in Kansas says,
in part:
"It is noticeable tnat all the explosions since
1903 have occurred in the months of January,
February and April. The one on the latter month
happening in the only wet mine under discussion.
Five of the major explosions and three minor explosions
occurred between January 18. 1905, and
February 9, 1905, during one of the coldest periods
in the history of this coal field. It is the belief
of tne commission that cold weather may affect
the dust in two ways: first, by lowering the temperature
to such an extent that the very fine particles
of dust which, during warmer weather would
be readily oxidized and destroyed, remain unclestroyed
and accumulate. This will then be in
condition to be readily ignited when a shot throws
fire; second, in the summer the warm air is more
moist than the air in the cooler parts of the mine
and gives up its moisture to the cooler parts of
the mine; while in the winter the cold, dry air
from outside contains less moisture than the
warmer air of the mine and absorbs the moisture
from the mine, leaving it dry and tending to increase
the amount of dust. As an illustration of
the variation in temperature we learned that at
the time of the explosion in the Devlin and Miller
mine No. 1, on February 9, the temperature was
as low as zero at the head of the main West entry.
and was even lower in the air passages before
reaching the head of the entry."
On the source of dust the report says:
"The source of dust may be the dust which collects
in the handling of the coal, in the breaking
down of the coal by excessive shots, from the
dust made by the drill, and by the blowing out
of shots tamped with drillings. We have suggested
the elimination, as far as possible, of these
various kinds of dust."
The following recommendations were made by
the commission:
First. That operators of dry mines should
keep them thoroughly wet.
Second. That great care should be used in the
placing of shots.
Third. That no combustible matter be allowed
in the tamping of shots.
Fourth. That squibs should be used instead of
fuse in firing shots.
Fifth. That in the future the fan should be at
least 15 feet from the mouth of the shaft.
Prospectors at Ramsey, 111., found an S'^-foot
vein of coal at a depth of 674 feet.
PRESIDENT BAER'S VIEWS
OF COAL TRADE PROBLEMS.
President George F. Baer, of the Philadelphia &
Reading Coal & Iron Co.. delivered at Pottsville.
on April 8, the last of the series of lectures on
practical mining topics provided during the winter
for the employes of the Reading conipany. Mr.
Baer took for his subject "Some Problems of the
Coal Industry." He said in part:
The public wants cheap fuel; the miners and
workers want high wages, the owners want a reasonable
profit on their investment. This simple
statement at once discloses an irrepressible conflict.
I regret to say that the coal company manager's
lot is not a happy one. It is not materially
improved by giving him the barren title of
"Coal Baron."
..The public has a high appreciation either of our
incompetency or of the difficulties besetting us,
because it is forever advising us how to manage
our business. They are our friends, who, to
meet public expectation, are compelled to be at all
times oracles of wisdom as to the many things
they know nothing about. They are expected to
know all about mining and selling coal, and to be
always amazed at the stupidity of our management.
Then, there is the disinterested altruistic "walking
delegate," who, though "he toils not. neither
does he spin," is delighted to exercise a benevolent
supervision over both capital and labor. We
receive little praise but much censure from the
big and little statesmen and politicians, who give
no employment and pay no wages, but exchange
sympathetic talk and promises for votes. There
is still another class of men willing to aid us,
the emotional reformers and idealists, each one
of whom believes himself competent to make a
better world than He who in the beginning created
it and pronounced it good.
If we could eliminate all these we could probably
find a remnant of people of good common
sense to judge our acts with righteous judgment.
Because coal is a necessity of our modern life
the owners of coal are under some kind of obligation
to do all within their power to supply coal
to the public in reasonable quantities and at a
fair price. The suggestion that coal being a
natural product in some mysterious way this
public obligation is higher than the duty involved
in the supply of any other necessity of life,
food, for example, is utterly untenable.
Some one will say that these natural products,
like oil and coal, should belong to the state. Has
it ever occurred to you that if the state owned the
coal mines the work incident to mining the coal
and marketing it would still have to be done in
exactly the same way as we are doing it and at
a greater cost. How much more per ton would

the public pay for coal if government officials,
with political pulls and the accustomed graft and
notorious inefficiency of state and municipal management,
conducted the work which you are doing?
What mathematical rule do you know equal to its
solution? Would it be an arithmetical or geometrical
progression?
The interest of the wage earner is undoubtedly
to get the highest return for his labor which the
conditions of the business will justify. Every
management is necessarily limited in fixing schedules
of wages by the cost of production and the
price obtainable for the thing produced. The
owner is entitled to a reasonable return on his
investment.
All co-workers must be treated kindly. Reasonable
allowance must always be made for the differences
among men. Whenever it is possible
by kind words or actions to help a worried, awkward
and dull co-worker it ought to be done.
Whenever it is possible to aid in improving the
physical surroundings of our co-laborers, to help
them to better and purer ideals of life and living,
let us do it. I was proud of the record you
maue in the coal investigation. With all the
powers combined in the attack, special venom, for
some reason being directed against us, no serious
case of wrong-doing to the many thousands of our
fellow laborers was disclosed.
I believe to-day that we have the good-will of
our co-workers and that we will continue to have
it until demands, supported by appeals to passion
and prejudice, shall cause many of them to forget
our kindness and friendship.
THE FUEL QUESTION IN CANADA.
A Canadian writer, in discussing the fuel problem
of the dominion says:
"The provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,
Prince Edward Island and Quebec find the source
of their supplies of mineral fuel chiefly in Nova
Scotia. This must necessarily be so because of
their geographical position, and the sale of Nova
Scotia coal must be restricted to those provinces
and to the New England States. There are valuable
coal mines also on Vancouver Island and in
the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia. The
demands of that province are supplied from those
sources, the excess of the production going to the
states of Washington, Oregon and California. All
those portions of Canada, from Montreal to the
Rocky Mountains, possessing no known deposits
of coal, certainly none that have been developed,
have of necessity to depend for their fuel supplies
upon Pennsylvania, Ohio. Indiana, Illinois and
West Virginia. The dependence of central Canada
for mineral fuel is upon these neighboring
American states, the requirement being in 1904
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
nearly 7,000,000 tons, valued at over $20,000,000,
upon which $2,211,801 duty was paid.
"The question of reciprocity in coal with the
United States is a most important one. No doubt,
on general principles, every important Canadian
industry should receive adequate tariff protection,
but the coal industries of both Nova Scotia and
British Columbia are not only not benefited by the
duty but are injured, and will continue to be injured
by it. The duty has no beneficial effect on
Nova Scotia coal consumed in the maritime provinces
and Quebec, nor on British Columbia coal
in that province; but because of the American
duty the trade of Nova.Scotia coal is handicapped
in the New England States, and the sale of British
Columbia coal is similarly handicapped in the
American Pacific coast states. The fact that the
total exports of Canadian coal in 1904 amounted
to only 1,640,505 tons, valued at $4,346,660, tells
against a most important industry. It cannot
expand to any considerable extent at home, and
must therefore remain practically as it now is
unless the restriction in a most valuable foreign
market is removed.
"On the other hand, those sections of Canada
between Montreal and the Rocky Mountains which
last year required nearly 7,000,000 tons of foreign
coal, valued at more than $20,000,000, were compelled
to pay more than $2,211,000 for the privilege
of importing it. The question is, how long
will the manufacturing and other industrial interests
of Central Canada submit to paying more
than $2,211,000 in duty upon their fuel, ostensibly
for the benefit of an industry which does not require
it but is rather handicapped by it."
The total of Canada's imports and exports of
fuel last year, together with their value, was as
follows:
IMPORTS.
Tons.
Anthracite and dust( free of
Value.
duty) 2,275,018 $10,461,223
Coke (free of duty) 221,050 765,123
Charcoal (duty 20 per cent.) 22,224
Bituminous (duty 53 cents
per ton) 4,053,900 9,108,208
Bituminous dust (duty 20
per cent.) 608.041 544,123
Total 7,158,009 $20,901,901
EXPORTS.
Tons. Value.
To Great Britain 14,120 $50,523
To United States 1.382,693 3,565,910
To other countries 289,692 280,227
Total 1,646.505 $4,346,660

36
So long as coal remains the basis of industrial
progress, any means or method which results in
a reduced cost of coal production must be of
i^T^f* - — *
•«*&«?
$£MJjjS .^£$
^^ >|fJ
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
A NEW RADIAL COAL CUTTER.
i"
• " • \ . * - - -
• w ' ;• v.V'-- v , ,:.-*-'";.•
."' *,. "'*'' . . ^ ''. • "- -•• '"'
-'=» •"• V-.;-. v'-.-' ,..--i...;:'
Vertical Shearing.
P • 1
m. 0*f^~r-
interest to all branches of productive industry.
Machine methods have long held prominent place
in the coal mining field and the "puncher" or
pick machine is a recognized factor in coal mine
economy. But long years of experience
with this machine have clearly established
its limits of usefulness, and the need of
another machine to supplement or assist
the "puncher" has long been acknowledged.
Such a machine is the new radial
coal cutter, recently placed on the market
by the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co.. of
New York. While only lately brought
before the public, this machine has for a
long time been in severe experimental
service in some of the largest producing
coal mines in the country and its performance
there has aroused general interest
among coal mine operators. The
radial cutter is designed especially for
the work of shearing and entry driving.
The idea of the radial mounting is not
new, but as applied to the requirements
of coal mining it is claimed to be a distinct
innovation which may revolutionize
certain processes of coal mining, particularly
as a means of rapid development.
The economical development of coal properties
imperatively demands the use of a shearing ma­
chine, but the requirements of the situation are
so severe that many devices intended to meet
them have been abandoned after discouraging tests.
In coal mining catalogues but little has
been said and little information given on
methods of entry driving, on entry-driving
machinery, on shearing, drilling, cutting
out slate or other bands, and on
other economical questions of importance
more or less vital to the industry. A
machine to meet the conditions properly
must be light, simple, durable and eco­
nomical of power. It must also break
the coal without producing an unduly
large percentage of the smaller sizes.
In operation, the new radial coal cutter
has met these requirements. As an undercutting
machine it is adapted for undercutting
headings to any desired depth
at a single setting. It will also shear
either one or both of the sides of an entry,
from the floor of the mine to the roof, to
any desired depth at one setting. The
drill or cutter being mechanically directed,
all these operations are performed
without shock or jar to the operator. The machine
is light, and easily and quickly moved and
niounted. The cut made by the radial coal cutter
is 8 feet in depth and diminishes from a width of
Under Cutting.
4% inches at the face to about 2 inches at the
bottom. The piston and chuck having a rotating
movement, the machine can be used as a drill for

putting in the holes preparatory to blasting the
coal. This same fact is of value in permitting
the use of the machine as a rock drill for "brushing"
purposes; and the change from a rock drill
to a coal cutter, or vice versa, can be made in a
moment. It can, therefore, be used advantageously
in sinking shafts, driving tunnels in rock,
drilling through spars, clay veins, "horse backs,"
etc. By the use of the radial coal cutter, it is
claimed entries can be driven in less than half
the time required by hand methods or any of the
so-called entry-driving machines. Its application
in the mine materially increases the percentage of
lump coa', as well as adding to the output per
Vertical Shearing.
miner. In mines where the coal is blasted from
the solid, this machine may be applied for shearing
the rooms in the center, ready for blasting
toward the center upon "open ends." Being
mounted upon a plain vertical column, the radial
cutter can be raised or lowered to undercut at
any point between roof and floor, and can be
applied to slate bands, layers of "black jack" and
other impurities, leaving the coal mined clean
and ready for the market.
WASTE IN BEEHIVE COKE OVENS.
E. A. Moore estimates the value of the combustion
products that are wasted by the beehive oven
at between 80c. and $1 per ton of coal coked, and
asserts that the amount of coal annually treated
in the United States, in ovens of this type, approximates
30,000,000 tons. In view of this tremendous
waste, he regards it as surprising that the adoption
of by-product ovens in this country has been
so long delayed. In Germany, not a single beehive
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
oven remains, and in England they have nearly all
been replaced. In this country and Canada, 3,950
by-product ovens have been built within the last
four years, of which 2,605 are of the Otto-Hoffman
and United-Otto types, coking 15,000 tons of coal
a day, and the remainder, of the Semet-Solvay
type, treating 8,000 tons; or altogether, a total of
8,400,000 tons a year. The largest plants yet installed
have been situated near cities, notably
Boston and Baltimore, in order to assure a convenient
market for the gaseous products, the coke,
tar and ammonia being considered as of secondary
importance. A large plant at Sydney, Cape Breton,
supplies coke for the blast furnaces and gas
for the open-nearth furnaces of the Dominion
Iron & Steel Co. Ammonia is
usually concentrated, or made into ammonium-sulphate
on the premises, but tar
is usually sold to other parties, who extract
the oils and make roofing material
of the residue. In designing a plant, the
relative importance and the character of
the desired products, as well as the probable
nature of the raw material, must be
considered. The best coal will analyze
around 28 per cent, volatile and 72 per
cent, fixed carbon and below 1.25 per cent.
sulphur. If a strong coke is desired, as
for blast-furnace use, the coal cannot be
too flne. Sometimes two or three grades
of coal may be mixed, so as to combine
the valuable qualities of them all. A
coal of the above composition should
yield per ton: 1,460 lbs. coke, 9,500 cu.
ft. gas, 10 gal. tar and 5 lbs. ammonia.
Cost Of Anthracite Mining Increased.
• The cost of mining in the anthracite coal regions
has materially increased during the year,
and it is evidenced by the various reports of the
operating corporations. This is not all attributable
to the increase of wages paid to miners. A
considerable proportion of the increase covers
charges for improvements and other incidental
expenses. According to the report of the Lehigh
Coal & Navigation Co. the cost of mining was six
cents higher in 1904 than it was in 1903. The
actual cost of mining was $1.73, which, owing to
extraneous charges, amounted to $2.02.
Contracts have been made for the shipment of
considerable Welsh coal to New England ports.
The first of a fleet of vessels to carry this coal, the
British steamer Stokesby, has been chartered to
load 3,000 tons at Cardiff for Portland, Me.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS. •
Detectives employed by the Provident Coal The Co., Westmoreland Coal Co.'s stockholders have
whose power plant at St. Clairsville, 0., was authorized an increase of $2,000,000 in the capital
wrecked by a boiler explosion on February 20, in stock, shareholders being privileged to subscribe
which four men were killed and about 20 badly
hurt, report that the disaster was probably caused
at par for 66
by miscreants who secretly drained the boilers
which gave way. A few days after the explosion
the mine foreman saw two former employes running
from the mouth of the mine, and an investigation
showed that the water had been drained
from one of the boilers of another battery and
that the other was only partially filled. There
was but little heat and a second disaster was
averted. The men seen were included among a
number of Italians who had been discharged for
incompetency, and who are suspected of tampering
with the boilers through motives of revenge.
: ;4 per cent, of their present holdings.
The exclusive agency for the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. East of the Alleghanies, heretofore held by
P. Heilner & Son, has been transferred to B. Nichol
& Co., 59 Wall street.
1 he official statement of Mine Inspector J. M.
Gray, of Alabama, shows that the state's production
Of coal during 1904 was 11,2/3,151 tons.
A twenty-inch vein of coal has been discovered
wuhin ten feet of the surface, across the Columbia
river from Wenatchee, Wash.
The Rev. John Hague, pastor of the English
Baptist chuch of Lee Park, Pa., is building a mammoth
dredge for getting coal from the bottom of
the river. He is an expert mechanic and will
devote the time aside from his church duties to
dredging. The dredge will be equipped with
rollers to break the coal, screens to separate it
and barges to convey it to the storage yard he
will have at a convenient place. It will be a
miniature breaker on water as well as a dredge.
The shipment of lake coal from Buffalo was be
gun on April 8, five vessels pushing their way
through the ice at the mouth of the harbor and
reaching clear water without difficulty. The
steamers starting out were the Yosemite, Martin.
Mullen. Saxon, Sonora and Kensington. All carried
full cargoes of hard coal. It is probable that
within a few days the greater part of the freight
boats at Buffalo will move.
A coal mine deal has been consummated at
Terre Haute. Ind., by which eight of the best
mines in Indiana, owned by a company headed by
J. K. Siefert, of Chicago, were transferred to the
Indiana Southern Coal Co., of which D. W. Cummings,
of Chicago, is president. The consideration
was $2,000,000.
A combination of the Colorado anthracite interests,
to be effected May 10, is announced at Denver.
If the fields, which are being examined by
an expert, are found to be as extensive as reported,
the coal will be put on the market at once.
There is always a brisk demand for old coal
mines in England. Some are utilized by shotmakers,
who find them cheaper than towers. Many
of the shallower pits are used for growing rhubarb,
mushrooms and similar vegetables.
Half a ton of coal per inhabitant is the world
average. The LTnited States produces four tons
per inhabitant.
Eight coal boats, each loaded wuh 25,000 bushels
of coal, and the model barge, Marmet, laden with
steel and wire products, including 12,000 kegs of
wire nails, were sunk at Merriman's, in the Ohio
river, by one steamboat during the recent March
rise. They were the property of the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co. and probably
will prove nearly a total loss.
—x—
Six loaded coal barges were sunk at Henderson,
Ky., by the Ohio river towboat W. W. O'Neil.
owned by the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co., through a false current swaying
the tow against the railroad bridge at that point.
The loss, which is a total one, is estimated at
$40,000.
—x—
The Sykesville mine of the Rochester & Pittsburgh
Coal & Iron Co., near DuBois, Pa., was
badly wrecked, recently, by an explosion of fire
damp, in which two miners lost their lives.
—x—
Forty-three miners were killed on April 3 by
an explosion in the Zeigler, 111., mine, owned by
Joseph Leiter. The mine was badly wrecked.
—x—
Fire in the Weber & Quinn Co.'s coal pockets in
Brooklyn, destroyed the plant and stock of coal.
causing a loss of $15,000.
—x—
The Moore Coal Co., of Jellico, Tenn., sustained
a fire loss of $6,000.

PITTSBURGH COAL CO. GETS
LARGEST CONTRACT ON RECORD.
The largest coal contract ever made has been
closed between the Pittsburgh Coal Co, and the
United States Steel Corporation. By its terms
the coal company will supply the steel corporation
with all the coal the latter will take from outside
interests during the next 25 years. The steel corporation
will give the coal company all of its tonnage
for plants and railroads in the Pittsburgh
district, including the Shenango and Mahoning
valleys, and for the railroads and steamships in
the Northwest, save that now cared for by the
National Mining Co., a subsidiary company of the
corporation, during the period which the contract
runs, and the corporation agrees to make no new
coal developments in Pittsburgh coal territory.
All coal received by the steel plants by river will
be handled by the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co., and will be paid for delivered.
The steel corporation tonnage enjoyed
by the river company has heretofore amounted to
1,250,000 tons a year. The National Mining Co.
has operated two mines at Sygan on the Panhandle
field, one at Brownsville, and the Gates mine in
the Klondike coke region. The annual tonnage
is about 1,500,000, but the corporation has announced
that it will operate the Gates mine for
coking purposes exclusively.
The Pittsburgh district plants consume between
6,000,000 and 9,000,000 tons, varying with the
prosperity of the steel business. The contract
will care for about one-third of the coal company's
entire tonnage.
The amount of coal supplied under this contract
will not be less than 6,000,000 tons per annum and
will average nearer to 9,000,000. The price
will yield the coal company a fair profit.
The vast tonnage will enable the eoal
company to operate its mines to meet all its
requirements with far greater economies than is
possible otherwise. One effect of the transaction
will be to silence a number of absurd rumors
and speculations regarding the Pittsburgh Coal
Co.'s affairs and those of its principal subsidiary
company, and which have been exploited on every
possible occasion for some weeks past.
NEW RULING ON "SAFE" MINING.
Justice Mestrezat of the Pennsylvania supreme
court has handed down an opinion in the case of
the Youghiogheny River Coal Co. against the Allegheny
National Bank et al., in which the judgment
of the lower court is reversed with a pro
cedendo. Justices Brown and Dean filed dissenting
opinions. The opinion is of considerable interest
to coal operators. The defendants were
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
owners of coal lands in Westmoreland county,
conveyed to them in 1862 by a grant which gave
the bank every right to take away the coal and
open drains and air passages. In 1871 it was
conveyed to G. Greenwalt, with the reservation
of the vein of coal then being worked. In 1892
the coal was sold to the Youghiogheny River Coal
Co., which was to be indemnified from liability to
damages that might result to the surface of the
tracts of land overlying the mine by the mining
and taking away of the coal. Subsequently Greenwait
brought action for damages, alleging that
carelessness caused the land to break and subside.
The plaintiff obtained a verdict in the
lower court and the company appealed. In the
appeal it was averred that failure to leave suffi-
GET Hr- *>" /
[ GET „•" \
BIT WSB8 (LUKE W&DK1S OS KltlBS t
The situation iu the Trade as presented for The New Pittsburgh
Coal Co., Columbus, Ohio, by Cartoonist Ireland.
cient coal in place to support the overlying surface
was not unskillful mining, and that according
to the terms of the lease, it could not be held
responsible for the sinking of the land. Justice
Mestrezat at the end of a long opinion says: "We
are of the opinion that the words skillful and
careful mining relate to the manner of working
the coal and do not impose upon the plaintiff the
duty of furnishing proper and sufficient supports
for the surface."

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ANTHRACITE MINERS WILL BE
RE-EXAMINED FOR CERTIFICATES.
The miners of the anthracite field of Pennsylvania
are to be re-examined and new certificates
issued. This action has been decided upon by
Chief James Roderick, because of the increase in
number of fatal and non-fatal accidents about the
mines, and because he believes that miners are
holding certificates illegally, and without having
the necessary qualification's. The first notice of
Chief Roderick's stand in the matter was given to
the examining board of the First district. He
directed that the board call in the 5.000 certificates
held by the miners of the First district and hold
new examinations. in accordance with instructions
the members of the First district board met
at Carbondale and decided to begin the re-examination
on July 1. The first sitting of the board
will be at Carbondale. and the other sittings will
be held at central points. The examinations will
be particularly rigid. The questions will number
fourteen instead of ten, and will be more exacting
than formerly. Furthermore, the miners
will have to get an average of 90 per cent, to pass,
while an average of 70 is now sufficient to secure
a certificate. It is expected that the new questions
will be particularly severe on the miners of
Carbondale and vicinity, as they have to deal with
mine gases, with which the miners of that end of
the anthracite field are not familiar, owing to the
fact that there are no gaseous mines in that section.
Chief Roderick's order means the calling
in of 40.000 certificates and re-examining of that
number of miners.
NEW SOUTHERN COAL AND IRON
MERGER PROJECT IS PLANNED.
It was announced in New York on March 31 that
definite form had been given to the negotiations
for the merger of Southern iron companies through
the intervention in the project of the banking
houses of Blair & Co. and Ladenburg, Thalman
& Co. The banking houses have not made public
the progress which the transaction has made but
have said that some arrangements through them
for the consolidation might be reached. Besides
the Tennessee Coal & Iron Co., the Sloss-Sheffield
and the Alabama Consolidated, it is expected that
the Pioneer plant of the Republic Iron & Steel Co.
and possibly one or two smaller concerns will be
included in the merger. The capitalization and
liabilities of these properties is in the neighborhood
of $125,000,000.
An eleven-foot vein of coal was struck on the
property of the Amalgamated Copper Co. at Storrs,
near Anaconda. Mont., at a depth of 2,300 feet.
The City Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Richmond, Va., with a capital of $50,000 to do a
retail fuel business.
*
The Orient Fuel & Supply Co. has been incorporated
at Kansas City, Kas., with a capital stock
of $5,000.
*
The Municipal Gas & Fuel Co. has been incorated
at Kansas City, Mo., with a capital of $10,000.
*
The Gooch Hardware Co. has purchased the
stock of coal, etc., of Bates & Co., at Granite, Okla.
*
The Kansas Fuel Co. has been incorporated at
Columbus, Kas., with a capital stock of $20,000.
*
F. E. Lloyd has sold his coal and lumber business
at Fairmont, Neb., to the Rogers Lumber Co.
*
O. W. Hutchinson has succeeded to the coal business
of Hutchinson & Bird, at Billings, Mont.
The Oregon Timber & Coal Co. has been organized,
with its main office at Portland, Ore.
*
Schweitzer Bros, have succeeded D. Schweitzer
in the coal business at Raymond, Neb.
H. T. Henderson is about to engage in the coal
and lumber business at Osceola, Neb.
*
J. T. Callender has sold his coal and wood business
at Clinton, Mo., to J. F. Adcock.
*
Aspegren & Strand have sold out their coal and
lumber business at Oxford, Neb.
H. H. Nusser has sold his coal business at
Olathe, Kas., to Stewart Bros.
*
E. M. Goodrich has sold out his coal business
at Boise City, Ida.
*
Robert Gibson & Sons have discontinued their
coal business at Rolfe, Ia.
*
L. C. Baker has sold out his coal and lumber
business at Solomon, Kas.
*
Aspegren & Strand have sold their coal business
at Oxford, Neb.
The Inter-State Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Schulter, I. T.

ANOTHER EFFORT TO ORGANIZE
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 11
THE IRWIN BITUMINOUS FIELD.
Another determined effort will be made by the
United Mine Workers of the Pittsburgh district
to invade the Irwin coal field. The district executive
board is preparing for a meeting in Pittsburgh
at which John Mitchell, the national president,
and T. L. Lewis, the national vice-president,
are expected to be present. For some time the
district executive board has been preparing plans,
which, if carried out, will enable them to finally
gain an entrance into this section of Western
Pennsylvania coal fields. About two years ago
President Mitchell and Patrick Dolau, president
of the Fifth district, made an attempt to hold
several meetings at Greensburg and vicinity.
Despite the liberal advertising and other means
that had been taken to secure a good attendance
of miners the turnout was discouragingly small.
It has been tbe intention of the national executive
board since that time to get the union fully intrenched
in that section. Some of the miners
there have been approached by some of the Pittsburgh
district union organizers and many have
expressed themselves as willing to affiliate with
the union. This has encouraged the organizers
who have been at work for the past few months.
Their reports to the executive board have been of
so optimistic a nature that the national officers
have deemed the time opportune to make a move
to organize unions there. The recent settlement
on a satisfactory basis of the Altoona scale has
also encouraged the mine workers. There are
about 8,000 miners in the Irwin field, and it has
been the earnest wish of President Dolan to have
them all in line with the Fifth district organization.
The miners in the Irwin district have no scale
and work 10 hours a day, while their brethren in
the Pittsburgh district work eight hours a day
and get better wages. The Irwin mine drivers
are paid $2.35 for a 10-hour day, while the Pittsburgh
driver is paid $2.42 for an eight-hour day.
In the Irwin field the miner is paid 71 cents a ton
for a three-quarter-inch screen coal, while in the
Pittsburgh district 85 cents a ton is paid for an
inch and a quarter screen, which is equivalent to
80 cents a ton for three-quarter-inch coal.
A $25,000,000 Coal Company Charter.
A $25,000,000 charter was taken out at Charleston,
W. Va., on April 7. by Pennsylvania capitalists,
composing the Nicholas Coal Co., of Bluefield,
W. Va., operating coal mines in Raleigh, Mc­
Dowell and Wyoming counties in West Virginia.
The incorporators are Charles F. Kindred, Andrew
J. Reilley, James B. Anderson, Thomas Bruce and
Joseph F. Hickey, Jr., all of Philadelphia.
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS.' •
As usual, the disaster in the Leiter colliery at
Ziegler, 111., brought forth a large amount of
newspaper exploitation of sensational theories.
The union miners of the district were first accused
of causing the explosion. Then a revulsion of
sentiment was caused by the assistance in rescue
work given by some of them. Nothing was proved
in either case. The man who would murder his
fellow because of a difference of opinion on unionism
would be the first to uncover his work and be
sure of the result.
—o—
It is suggested that Gov. Pennypacker "brattice
his entries" hereafter, when he attempts to invade
the mining industry. A little careful
thought would have obviated the necessity for
the hubbub created by the Pennsylvania coal tax
bill.
—o—
The Western Federation of Miners is the latest
organization to attack Samuel Gompers, of the
American Federation of Labor. When labor agitators
fall out, both workmen and employers are
likely to get their honest dues.
—o—
The men who in dull times cry out that prosperity
has gone forever, are not of the stamp of
those who negotiated the contract lietween the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. and the United States Steel
Corporation.
—o—
Col. King of Jones & Laughlins and President
Spencer of the Southern railway handed them out
straight from the shoulder on transportation
affairs at the recent Traffic Club meeting in Pittsburgh.
—o—
Apropos of the spring cartoon of the New Pittsburgh
Coal Co. in this issue, the Black Diamond
says, "Only 280 days until winter again. Cheer
up!"
—o—
A few more contracts like the new one of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. with the steel corporation and
things will be looking up in earnest.
—o—
Wage scale stunts are off for the year and the
only thing to do is to corral a few orders like that
25-year one by Mr. F. 1,. Robbins.
—o—
Mr. Robbins seems to be quite as much at home
selling 200.000,000 tons of coal as in dictating a
wage scale.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE ALLEGHENY VALLEY AND
LOW GRADE SCALE AGREEMENT.
The scale of the Low Grade and Allegheny
Valley fields of the Central Pennsylvania bituminous
district was signed at Clearfield on April
12, the 1904 scale ^eing re-affirmed without change.
The first meetings of the scale committee were
held at Pittsburgh on April 6 and 7, the operators'
committee was headed by Charles R. McCafferty.
president of the Monarch Coal Co.. of East Brady,
and Joel L. Brown, manager and general sales
agent of the Sligo Coal & Coke Co.. of Butler, Pa.
The miners were represented by a committee
headed by Patrick Gilday. the district president;
Vice-President William McPherson and Secretary-
Treasurer Richard Gilbert. No agreement was
reached at the Pittsburgh meetings and the con
ference was adjourned to meet at Clearfield. The
text of the agreement will be presented in the
next issue of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE GERMAN COAL INDUSTRY
AND THE COAL MINERS' STRIKE.
In a recent report on the German coal industry.
Hugo Muench, I'nited Slates consul at Plauen
says:
"A statistical consideration of the coal production
of Germany will aid in illustrating the
supreme importance which the coal mines of this
country have attained in its industrial life. The
total output of bituminous or stone coal for the
year 1904 amounted to 120.694.098 metric tons.
more than 50 per cent, of which was mined in the
general district of Dortmund, in which some
200.000 miners were recently engaged in a strike.
Aside from the bituminous or stone coal there
was also a yield of 48,500,222 metric tons of lignite
(brown coal), an inferior quality of coai
which is mined mainly in the district of which
Halle is the center. Besides these there were
12,331,163 metric tons of coke and 11.413.467 metric
tons of briquettes produced, the latter being
mainly manufactured out of coal dust, lignite and
peat. The total coal production for the seven
years ended with 1904 was as follows, in metric
tons: 1898, 96,309,652; 1899. 101,639,753; 1900.
109.290.237; 1901, 108.539.441; 1902, 197.473.933;
1993. 116,664,376; 1904, 120.694,998.
"The foreign trade of Germany in coal and
coal products for the last two years is stated as
follows, the figures given representing metric
tons:
1 M coins.
1903. 1904.
Hard or bituminous 6,766.513 7,299.042
Lignite 7,962.123 7.669,099
Coke 432.S19 550.302
Total 15.161.455 15.518.443
EXPORTS.
1903. 1904.
Hard or bituminous 1 7,389,934 17,996,727
Lignite 22,499 22,135
Coke 2,523.351 2,716,855
Total 19.935.784 20.735,717
"Almost the entire import of lignite was de­
rived from Austria and its dependencies (mainly
Bohemia), while of the import of bituminous
(stone coal), great Britain furnished 5,808,032
metric tons in 1904. against 5.393.S28 tons in 1903.
and Belgium and Austria each furnished a little
over 630,000 metric tons. Of the exported product,
the following amounts went to the several
countries during the years 1903 and 1904. re­
spectively, in metric tons: Austria, 5,658,974 and
5,827,779; Netherlands, 5.ISO.531 and 5.114,626;
Belgium. 2.409.112 and 2.647.382; France, 1,073,-
043 and 1,156,775; Switzerland, 1.085.793 and 1.-
12S.637.
"To those who retain a memory of the farreaching
effects of a similar strike in the coed
fields of Pennsylvania in recent years it need
hardly be said that the great coal miners' strike
in the German coal fields not only affected the
coal industry, but also affected the industrial life
of Germany. In manufactures the quantity of
coal held in store kept the wheels moving but a
short time, and neighboring countries were looked
to at once to supply the deficiencies which constantly
occurred. The basis of all contracts in
which the cost of fuel constituted an element
were seriously disturbed. Prices of coal and of
the means of transportation threatened a pro­
hibitive rise, with the result that the weak concerns
found themselves compelled to curtail, if
not wholly suspend, operations until a settlement
of the trouble again restored normal prices and
conditions.
"At that time the blessings of a liberal supply
of briquettes were more than ever appreciated
in Germany. Made largely of material that in
the United States is commonly treated as refuse,
or disregarded because of its original lack of
calorific quality, these successful rivals of Ameri­
can anthracite gave comfort to the people when
the usual mine products failed."
The miners at the Slippery Hock. Pa., mines
struck on April 8 because the superintendent of
the mine refused to permit them to install a checkweighman
at the tipple without giving due notice.
The strike of the coal miners at the United
States Coal & Oil Co.'s plant at Holden. in Logan
county, W. Va.; has been declared off. But few
of the old miners will be able to secure work.

I..................................wwwww.vw9wv.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
The general coal market continues to improve ments are being made it will be many weeks until
steadily despite the numerous rumors of over­ the region is practically (dear of the stock on
production, cut rates and other "bear" devices put hand. The combined production of the upper
in operation at this season of the year. Some of
the largest contracts and the largest total ever
and lower Connellsville fields is still in the neighborhood
of 350,000 tons per week, with ship­
recorded during the same period have been made ments exceeding that figure by from 15,000 to 25,-
since April 1 and the outlook as a whole is ex­
tremely good. In the West the conditions in
the bituminous trade have been fair but the orders
booked for the latter half of April make it appar­
ent that the business of the month will lie far
beyond expectation. The bulk of this new trade
is in Eastern coals, the Illinois and Indiana products
being still unable to make much headway.
In the lake region there has been considerable
holding back of orders due to persistent but baseless
rumors of radical reductions in price. Those
wno were deluded by these reports, however, are
making haste to cover their needs. Steam coal
is in strong demand with prices firm. Shipments
foi' the upper lakes have been started from the
Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia fields and
the indications are that the totals for the year
will surpass all former records. In the South the
demand is steadily increasing and strenuous efforts
are being made to increase the local iiroduction.
In the territory accessible by water
Pittsburgh and West Virginia coals are finding a
good outlet. Labor troubles and the results of
mine accidents, which affected the output for
some time, have spent their forces and the field
will be open to outside producers at least until
the efforts to enlarge and extend production have
begun to show results. Improved transportation
conditions have materially increased the output
in West Virginia, the trade throughout the state
being at the high water mark. This state of
affairs has been helped by the aggressive activity
of some of the larger producers. In the Pittsburgh
district, many exceptionally large contracts
have been made and a big lake business is
being arranged for. The local demand is heavy
and the large producers are preparing to get out
all the coal possible. The long duration of the
last rise in the Ohio cleared the Pittsburgh harbors
and the Monongahela pools of all loaded
craft and permitted the return of a sufficient number
of empties to insure steady work at all of the
river mines for several months to come. Run-ofmine
coal is quoted at $1.00 to $1.05.
The coke market is strong, the demand insistent
and the production large. There is considerable
stock in the yards, but at the rate ship-
..........1. .................... .........www^ww%
ooo tons. In the Alabama fields, the production
has been increased slightly but not sufficiently to
meet the local needs. Southern consumers are
drawing on West Virginia in wliich the production
has been noticeably augmented. Prices are firm,
furnace being quoted at $2.33 to $2.60, according
to time of delivery, and foundry at $2.75 to $3.25,
according to quality.
The recent marked improvement in the car
supply and transportation conditions has visibly
relieved the Atlantic seaboard soft coal market.
Producers generally were able to complete their
contracts before the end of the year, and the new
season, opening April 1. has seen a fair supply of
new orders on contracts in the hands of shippers.
New contracts are being closed up daily by various
companies without causing comment. Prices are
well maintained, except in a few instances where
outsiders have cut prices in fairly well known territories,
in order to take business from the channels
in which it has usually gone. The labor
question seems to be settled for the year. Trade
in the far East is fair, and a good tonnage is
going forward. Trade along the sound is quiet,
Prices are quoted at $2.55@$2.60, f. o. b. harbor
shipping points. All-rail trade is active. In
this (lass of business some shifting around of
contracts is apparent, and some of the lower grade
coals show a slight cutting in price, in order to
retain business.
The trade in anthracite is assuming large proportions.
Buyers have heretofore laid in big
stocks during the ruling of spring prices but this
year the purchases are far beyond those of previous
years. This is due partly to habit or custom,
partly to the indications of a big demand
from consumers and partly to tbe fear that the
trade may be disorganized next year by labor
troubles. The buying seems to be limited only
by the production as the transportation conditions
are all that couhl be desired. As a result the
producers are straining every nerve and the output
for the month probably will be a record.
Hull, Blyth & Co.. of London and Cardiff, report
the market unchanged with quotations as

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
follows: Best Welsh steam coal, $3.48; seconds,
$3.24; thirds. $3.06; dry coals, $3.24; best Monmouthshire,
$3.06; seconds. $3.00; best small steam
coal, $2.10; seconds, $1.98; other sorts, $1.68.
A GOOD OPPORTUNITY FOR
AMERICAN MINING MACHINERY.
In a recent report to the department of labor
and commerce. James C. McNally, V. S. consul at
Liege, Belgium, says:
"Among the principal industries of this consular
distiict is coal mining. The area covers
about 95,544 acres. The last published statistics
show that the product in 1993 was 6.478.119 tons
and the number of employes about 36,000. The
necessity of going deeper for the coal deposits,
which are already below the 1,950-foot level, and
the tendency toward economy have apparently
created a demand for up-to-date and powerful machinery,
and the field seems to be a good one for
dealers in coal mining appliances. Machinery
for the distribution of air throughout the underground
workings and for pumping seems to lie
greatly needed, as the water question is a growing
one. The mechanical drills now in use give
only partial satisfaction. The employment of
explosives in coal mining is about to give way to
the exclusive use of machinery. The system now
in vogue for the sorting and washing of coal could
be greatly improved and an available substitute
would be welcomed.
"North of Liege are located the extensive virgin
coal fields of the Campines. The government is
at present engaged in surveying and experimenting
there on a large scale. When uncovered, it
is said that the coal area of this region will be
one of the greatest in Europe. It is thought that
concessions for the working of the mines will
soon be granted, and that powerful boring machinery,
different from that now in use, will be required
to penetrate to the depth at which the
coal deposits are located. The ground is said
to be composed of shifting sands and aquiferous
deposits, which will necessitate particular machinery.
For the operation of the mines modern machinery
will be employed in every department.
The various uses to which electricity is put in
the up-to-date operation of coal mines are seemingly
unknown to the coal operators in Belgium.
New installations will be made and every modern
device for the speedy and economical working of
the local fields will be employed."
The offices of the Illinois Coal Operators' Association
have been re-established in the Odd Fellows'
building at Springfield. III.
TO EMPLOY CHINESE MINERS.
A. E. Smith, U. S. consul to Victoria, B. C, reports
that it has been found impossible to successfully
work hydraulic mines in any portions of
British Columbia at the prices paid for white labor,
and in consequence an effort is to be made
next season to introduce Chinese labor in the
hydraulic mines at Atlin, in the Northern section
of this province. A few years ago a number of
Japanese were taken into the district for this
purpose, but in consequence of the determined
opposition of the local miners' union the mine
owners were compelled to abandon their intention
in the matter. Since then the conditions have
considerably changed, there being far fewer white
miners in the district than formerly, while it has
been clearly shown that it is not possible to
profitably operate many of the Atlin hydraulic
properties without largely reducing the cost of
labor. Under these circumstances it is probable
that there will be less opposition to the contemplated
employment of Chinese labor particularly
at is is proposed to increase the wages of white
miners now in this district, who will be employed
as foremen and overseers. In other cases the
lalior problem is being solved in a different manner
by the adoption of a method of placer mining
by means of dredging, a practice which has given
excellent results in California.
Cannot Collect Back Tax.
The state of West Virginia has abandoned the
position recently assumed by it that the new
taxes on oil. coal and gas lease holds which have
been attracting so much attention of late can be
collected for five years back. This ruling to a
large extent does away with the probability of a
legal battle. The commission has decided that
the laws recently adopted have reference simply
to future taxations on coal, oil and gas leaseholds.
It does not order the listing of property that was
not assessed under the old laws.
Diverse Rates On The Santa Fe.
In tiie taking of depositions at Topeka, Kan., in
the suit against the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe
railroad, calling for the appointment of a receiver
and revoking of charter, W. J. Healy, auditor of
the freight receipts, was examined and a division
tariff sheet was placed in evidence. The coal
rate from Frontenac and Pittsburg, Kan., to Kansas
City on eoal used by the belt line was shown
to be 60 cents. The rate on coal to Kansas City
and Argentine in 25 car lots was shown to be 70
cents and the rate to small shippers $1.40 a ton.

ANTHRACITE MINERS DIVIDED
ON THE EIGHT-HOUR QUESTION.
There has been much discussion concerning the
necessity of miners remaining with their laborers
during the whole time that the latter are at work
in the mines. This discussion was precipitated
by the action of the officials of the Lehigh Valley
Coal Co. at their Exeter colliery some time ago in
attempting to enforce an order to this effect. It
was contended by the company that the miners in
coming out of the mine as soon as they have
blasted sufficient coal to keep their laborer busy
during the day, expose the laborers to danger, and
the workings to great damage. This is explained
by the fact that the laborers are generally foreigners,
ignorant of the precaution that should be
taken, and that as a result of their ignorance accidents
ensue.
Since the report has been started that an eighthour
day is to be requested by the miners at the
close of the present agreement between the operators
and the miners of the anthracite coal regions,
a report has also been circulated to the effect that
some of the independent operators would be willing
to grant an eight-hour day for next year,
with the provision that all the miners stay in their
chambers until their laborers have completed the
work for the day.
These reports combined have caused controversy
concerning the merits of the propositions.
The miners are divided over the probability of an
acceptance of the eight-hour day with the conditions
mentioned. By some it is contended that
inasmuch as the miner is paid by the car and cannot
secure sufficient cars in which to load all the
coal which it is possible for him to blast in eight
hours, it is simply useless to ask him to remain
in the chamber during the whole of the time.
From the miners' standpoint, then, it is immaterial
whether an eight-hour day is granted, for
he does not stay the full time anyway.
By some the statement is made that there is
no desire for an eight-hour day, the principal
desire being for recognition of the union. Among
others the opinion prevails that the miners are
bound to make an eftort to secure an eight-hour
day in accordance with action taken at the last
national convention looking toward the uniform
establishment of an eight hour day. Others take
a still different view of the case, and say that the
talk about the refusal of the men to remain in
the chambers is nonsense, and that if the com
panies so desire they can, by a simple request
from a foreman, secure the presence of a miner
during the whole of any working day when any
good reason can be given for making such request.
They claim that a miner is but an employe and
that if the foreman thinks that the chamber is in
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
a bad condition and requires the constant presence
of an experienced man during the time when any
one is working in the place, the foreman can
order the miner to stay in the place and upon the
refusal of the miner he may be discharged and
have no redress.
|| CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. K
A number of improvements are to be made at
the Baggaley plant of the H. C. Frick Coke Co.
They include a boiler house built of brick designed
to accommodate at least seven boilers, each having
a capacity of about 150-horse power. A new
hoisting engine is also to be installed in a new
engine room, the engine having a capacity of
1,500-horse power. A new system of haulage will
also be installed.
The Norfolk & Western railroad has bought 25
acres of land at Lambert's Point, near Norfolk.
Va., for new coal piers to be the greatest in the
world and from which the Berwind-White Coal
Co. will ship upward of 1,000,000 tons of West
Virginia Flat-Top coal a year. To haul this coal
the Norfolk & Western has ordered 50 new freight
engines and 6,000 new coal cars.
Plans have been prepared for the enlargement
of the coal washing plant of the Penn Gas Coal
Co. at Marchands, Pa., to have a capacity of 400
tons daily. Another part of the work will be
the increasing of the coal conveying apparatus.
It is the intention of the Penn company to build
50 additional coke ovens in the near future.
Among the new coke ovens to be built soon in
Fayette county. Pa., is a block of 80 ovens to be
added to the plant of the A. L. Keister Coke Co.
at Waltersburg. The surveying is now being
done for the new ovens.
The Kaola Fuel Co. will erect a $40,000 plant at
Everett, Wash., to manufacture coal briquettes.
Big Coke Plant Changes Owners.
The big coking plant of the United Coke & Gas
Co.. at South Sharon, Pa., has been turned over
to the Sharon Coke Co. The plant was erected
by the American Coke & Gas Construction Co.,
and cost $750,000. The Sharon Coke Co. has
decided upon extensive improvements, which will
include a new electric power house, a store house
and a large engine room. The plant will be one
of the most modern of the kind in the country.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE COAL TRADE OF NANTES
AND NEIGHBORING PORTS.
. U. S. Consul Louis Goldschmidt, at Nantes,
France, reports that the approximate prices of
coal at Nantes and neighboring ports, per ton of
2,204.6 pounds, are: Wholesale, $4.82 for coal
with 75 per cent, of large pieces; $4.24 to $4.44
for coal with 50 per cent, of large pieces; retail.
about $9.60 for coal of nearly all kinds. Regarding
the coal trade of Nantes and neighboring ports
he says:
"A few years ago a beginning was made at importing
American coal, but this has evidently been
given up, as during the past year not a ton came
into these ports. I am of the opinion that if the
foregoing prices can be met by some of our coal
exporters, some business can be done in American
coal. This would require sending a representative
here to open negotiations.with the importers,
and carefully selecting the coal to be shipped in
order to insure uniformity. It is important that
the quality of the coal come up to samples and
previous shipments.
"The very high price of coal at retail leads me
to believe that anyone who would establish a coal
depot here for the purpose of retailing on a large
scale might do considerable business, selling either
directly to the consumer or to the smaller dealers.
'this being a large manufacturing center, a considerable
amount of fuel is used, and 1,500,000
tons is not an excessive estimate of the yearly
consumption of all kinds of coal when all the industrial
concerns are running (some are now shut
down). It seems that we should get some of this
business, and I have no doubt that we can with
energy and 'push' of the right kind.
"Up to about four years ago the business was
entirely controlled by British traders, but recently
the Germans started underselling the British, with
the result that a fair share of German coal now
comes here, and I am told that owing to the care
displayed by the Germans in trying to satisfy the
wants of the trade by prompt shipments, and by
carefully selecting the grades and quality of coal
ordered, they are very likely to increase their trade
in this line. Most of the German coal comes from
the Ruhr district, which has lately suffered from
strikes, and the trade has diminished during the
last few months, but it is expected that when the
strike is settled the imports to this port will assume
much greater importance.
"The following firms are the chief importers
of coal at Nantes: Societe Generale des Houilles
Agglomerees; Compagnie des Charbons et Briquettes
de Blanzy et de I'Ouest; Compagnie des
Chemins de Fer de I'Etat; Diverses societes d'importation,
gaz, etc.; SocieTf des anciens Etats A.
Pergeline Harang; Compagnie des Charbons i)
Vapeur Powell Duffryn.
IMPORTS OF COAL AND BRIQUETTES INTO THE CONSULAR
DISTRICT OF NANTES. FRANCE, IN VTJD, BY
COUNTRIES.
NANTES. Tons.
Great Britain, coal 354,286
Germany, coal 58,909
Great Britain, briquettes 23,885
Germany, briquettes 2,318
Great Britain, coke 415
Germany, coke 1,660
Total 441,473
ST. NAZAIRE.
Great Britain, coal 533,772
Great Britain, briquettes 1,713
Total '.. 535,485
SABLES O'OLONNE.
Great Britain, coal 54,444
Germany, eoal 13,512
Great Britain, briquettes 2,454
Total 70,410
SUMMARY.
Nantes 441,473
St. Nazaire 535,485
Sables d'Olonne 70,400
Total 1,047,358
NON-UNION MINERS MAKE A STATEMENT.
The Louisville Courier-Journal announces that
it has received a statement signed by 55 employes
of the Wheatcroft Coal & Mining Co., at Wheatcroft,
Ky., requesting it to publish a denial of
alleged injurious reports which have been in circulation
about conditions at the mines. The
employes assert that while they are non-union
men, they receive better wages than are paid union
miners in Kentucky. They further state that
their employers have fulfilled every promise made
to them.
A bill is now before the general assembly of
Tennessee authorizing the state of Tennessee to
acquire, by purchase or condemnation, additional
lands for branch prisons and additional coal lands
for the use of the state in connection with its
main or branch prisons now or hereafter established.
It is the settled policy of the state to
employ convicts in the mining of coal or in other
mining or farming operations. It is specified that
the board having the matter in charge shall not
purchase more than 35.000 acres of coal land and
shall not pay more tnan $12 per acre for same.

Bulletin 53-A, describing the various types of
air compressors made by the Sullivan Machinery
Co., of Chicago, is being circulated. It is the
second of a series in course of preparation, the
various numbers of which will be devoted to particular
products of the Sullivan company. It is
in neat form, well illustrated, and contains a
large amount of useful information The last official
act of the Panama Canal commission before
resigning was to close a contract with the Ingersoll-Sergeant
Drill Co., of New York, for 50 standard
rock drills of that company's manufacture,
complete with mountings and equipment. These
machines are to be used in the removal of rock
in the great Culebra cut through the crest of the
Isthmus. The commission furthermore authorized
the same company to remodel a large number
of the French-Ingersoll drills, built in France
under the patents of the American manufacturers.
These machines remain from the original equipment
of the old French company formerly operating
on the canal.
o o o
The Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Co. recently completed
two direct-connected air compressors which
have been remarkably successful. One of them is
a double-end, two-stage compressor, built for direct
connection to a gas engine operating at 170
revolutions per minute. The cylinders of this machine
are 21 and 12 inches in diameter with a 12inch
stroke, giving a displacement of 810 cubic
feet per minute, against 100 lbs. air pressure.
The other machine, which is slightly smaller, is
connected with an electric motor.
o o o
The New Pittsburgh Coal Co. is sending its
friends and patrons a group of pictures representing
the important phases of the mining industry.
They include views of the homes of
some of the miners employed by the company, the
mine tipple at Monday, Ohio, which gives an outside
view of one of the mines where the coal is
prepared and loaded and a view of one of the company
stores at Buchtel. Ohio, where the miner
purchases a share of his provisions.
o o o
The Ohio Brass Co., of Mansfield, O., is circulating
a booklet entitled "Buying Bearings," and
which, as stated under the title, contains common
sense arguments about quality and price in the
matter of bearings, together with a catalogue and
price list of the firm's products in this line. The
lists include a numher of bearings for the older
types of motors, etc., and which are offered at
special low prices.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
The Sullivan Machinery Co., of Chicago, announces
the establishment of a new branch office in
Salt Lake City, with John C. Taylor, formerly of
the Denver office, manager. A full line of Sullivan
straight-line air compressors and rock drills
with mountings, equipment and duplicate parts,
will be carried in stock, and inquiries for diamond
core drills, heavy hoisting engines, coal cutting
machines, and quarrying machinery will receive
prompt attention.
o o o
A pretty souvenir, illustrative of the trade mark
of Castner, Curran & Bullitt is being circulated by
that firm. It is a handsomely mounted copy of
the original portrait of the Indian Princess Pocahontas,
painted from life in England, in 1616. The
coloring of the painting is faithfully preserved,
together with the inscriptions which are appended
to it.
HAYWOOD'S REPLY TO GOMPERS.
William D. Haywood, secretary-treasurer of the
Western Federation of Miners, emphatically denied
a statement attributed to him to the effect, that
he expected to replenish the treasury of that organization
with contributions sent by other unions
to aid the strikers in Colorado.
"The Western Federation of Miners, from July
1, 1903, up to January 1, 1905, received from
sources outside the federation the sum of $182,628.
Outside of the United Brewery Workers and the
United Mine Workers the American Federation of
Labor contributed a very small proportion of the
sum named.
"We have put into relief funds in Colorado, and
into the distribution of them, practically the whole
of the amount collected. My annual report.
printed after the annual meeting of the federation
board, held here early in the year, gives a
detailed statement of all receipts and disbursements.
"President Gompers is needlessly excited over
the plan to organize an international industrial
union. We are merely planning a broader union
than any now in existence. There are 20,000,000
wage earners in the United States. Approximately
1,500,000 are members of a union. The unions
limit the number of apprentices and then refuse
a man a union card unless he has served an apprenticeship.
We propose to organize the workers
everywhere. We are not attacking the unions,
formed in skilled trades. In fact, they are not
eligible to membership. Ours will be an industrial
union which will include in its membership
all men working in any branch of a trade or industry."

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Governon Pennypacker, of Pennsylvan a, has
appointed Mr. William Duncan, superintendent of
the Rainey works at Alverton, to be mine irspector
of the Eleventh district, to succeed Mr. W. J.
Mollison, of Scottdale, who resigned to become an
inspector of mines for the H. C. Frick Coke Co.
The appointment continues until May 1 when the
result of the recent examinations held in Pittsburgh
will be announced. Mr. Duncan was one
of the 88 persons examined for the sixteen places.
Mr. D. B. Stauft, formerly assistant general superintendent
of the Pittsburgh Terminal Railroad
Co.'s properties, has been made general superintendent
of the Federal Coal & Coke Co., whose
properties, consisting of more than 5,000 acres of
gas, steam and domestic coal are located along the
Paw Paw branch of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad.
The Robinson Machine Co., with works at Monongahela,
Pa., announces that it has moved its
general offices to suite 322, Frick building, Pittsburgh,
Pa. Mr. J. R. Robinson, the head of the
conipany, will make those offices his headquarters.
Mr. Addison Boren has been elected treasurer of
the company and will be located there.
Mr. J. V. Thompson, of Uniontown, Pa., as a
result of a recent large sale of Washington county
coal land, will endow the president's chair at
Washington & Jefferson College with $100,000.
The donor is a graduate of that institution.
Mr. D. H. Carpenter has resigned his position
as manager of the branch office of the Sullivan
Machinery Co., at El Paso. Tex., and has been
elected first vice-president of the Humphreys Manufacturing
Co., at Mansfield, Ohio.
Mr. W. J. Richards, general manager of the
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co., was
elected by the coal operators of the Schuylkill
district to succeed the late R. C. Luther as a member
of the conciliation board.
The coal men of Columbus, O., are to have a
social organization which will be commensurate
with the importance of the business in that city.
Plans looking toward its formation have progressed
so far that success is assured and it will
not be long until the organization is in working
order. It will be composed of all persons actively
engaged in the coal business in Columbus, including
clerks in the various offices.
The result of the vote for officials of the Michigan
mine workers for the next official year resulted
as follows: For president, John Harris,
of Saginaw; vice-president, Humphreys Lewis, of
St. Charles; secretary-treasurer, Robert Brown,
of Saginaw; national executive board member,
Elsie McCullough, of St. Charles; district board
members, Joseph Clemmons, Saginaw; S. N. Moore,
St. Charles; John Tameron and Michael Berry,
of Bay County. A gold watch, chain and charm
were presented to James Corven, the retiring president.
* * *
The Vigilant and Crescent mines of the Jones
& Laughlins Co., near California, Pa., have resumed
work after a shut down caused by a strike
of the drivers. These men, who numbered 34,
struck when they were informed that they must
stop the practice of riding back into the mine on
tne cars which carry the coal, which was ii violation
of the regulations of the mines. After being
out about a week the men returned to work, agreeing
to obey the rule.
* * *
Through the failure of the miners to learn that
a settlement of the Central Pennsylvania bituminous
district scale had been effected, a strike
took place at Crust, near Indiana, Pa., on April 5.
Rioting followed the closing of the mines and it
was necessary for the sheriff to send a party of 15
deputies to preserve order until the miners were
persuaded that there was no ground for a strike.
* * *
Between 85 and 100 miners are idle as the result
of a strike at the Pipe Creek mines of the
Johnson Coal Co. near Bellaire, O. The men allege
that the company has violated the Ohio mining
law, which prohibits employers compelling employes
to deal at stores owned and controlled by
the company, and to live in houses erected and
rented by the company.
* * •
The reports presented at the annual convention
of the United Mine Workers, District No. 11, the
Indiana bituminous fields, which met at Terre
Haute on March 14, show that the membership is
about 14,000 and that the funds on hand aggregate
nearly $100,000. In both respects the figures are
larger than ever before.
• • •
President Samuel Gompers, of the American
Federation of Labor, has issueo a statement to
labor organizations affiliated with his organization,
announcing that the United Metal Workers'
International Union is no longer affiliated with
the American Federation of Labor.

DEEP DRILLING IN SOUTH AFRICA.
Diamond drilling as a means of locating the
gold bearing reefs of the Transvaal has been in
general practice for many years. Unusual interest
attaches to it at the present time owing
to the large number of deep holes which are being
sunk to prove the existence and position of the
ore bodies at increasing distances from the outcrop.
For this work larger and larger drills have
been used and within the last year or two numerous
bore holes have been bottomed in ore at
depths of from 4,500 to 5,000 feet.
Upward of 300 diamond drills are now in use
in South Africa, the prevailing types being the
DRILL OUTFIT AT WORK (JN THK VKI.DT.
Sullivan and Bullock, manufactured by the Sullivan
Machinery Co., of Chicago. For the deep
holes the favorite drill is the Sullivan improved
class "P," rated capacity 4,000 feet. The mining
companies as a rule let the work to contractors,
who furnish all the equipment and expert operators,
and deliver the core into the hands of the
company. American contractors have recently
broken all records for depth. James Tobin completed
a bore hole at Doornkloof, near Randfontein,
at a depth of 5.560 feet. This hole was
sunk to prove the main reef series, and it is understood
that the results are conclusive although
they have not been made public. The deflection
was very slight. The first 3,200 feet were bored
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
with a Sullivan size "N" drill, rated capacity 2,000
feet. A size "P" drill of latest improved pattern
with a rated capacity of 4,000 feet was then put in
commission and continued the hole until its completion
at 5,560 feet; 700 feet of size "N" rods removing
2-inch core were used, the remaining 4,860
feet being B, removing a 1%-inch core. The total
load of these rods was between 15 and 16 tons,
which was handled by the engine without difficulty.
The actual running time of this hole was
14 months, or an average of nearly 400 feet per
month. For the first two months two ten-hour
shifts were used and for the rest of the time the
work was carried on during the 24 hours, divided
into three eight-hour shifts. The rods were
pulled in lengths of 50 feet, the height of the tubular
steel derrick being 66 feet over all. The
time required to lower the rods at a depth of 5,000
feet was from 3 to 3 f, hours and from 3V_. to 4
hours was required to lift them.
This record has since been bettered by a hole
sunk near Springs, East of Johannesburg, by John
Skenke. This hole was begun May 1, 1904, and
completed February 2, 1905, at a depth of 5,582
feet. A size "P" drill was also used here, power
being supplied oy a 30 I. H. P. boiler; 1 000 feet
of "N" (2-inch core) rods were used, the remainder
of the equipment being similar to that used by
Tobin.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly
for THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, by J. M. Nesbit
patent attorney, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
from whom printed copies may be procured for
15 cents each:
Miner's pick, Martin Hardsocg, Ottumwa, la.;
784,044.
Detachable tool handle, William Ashert, Des
Moines, la.; 784,772.
Coal separator, F. H. Emery, Scranton, Pa.;
784,783.
Mechanism for hauling and controlling mine
cars, J. G. Scott, Girardville, Pa.; 784,898.
Miner's pick, W. F. Gillooly, Coalton, W. Va.;
786,207.
Mining car brake, J. C. Jones, Coffeen, 111.; 786,-
361.
Car haul, L. J. Robb, Pittsburgh, assignor to
Heyl & Patterson, same place; 786,517.
Machine for drawing coke, F. D. Buffum, Newton,
Mass.; 786,623.
Coking oven, J. M. Sullivan, Chicago, assignor
to American Coal Converting Co., same place;
786,694.
Ui

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
REPORT OF COAL TESTS MADE
AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION.
The fact that coals and other mineral fuels
used in the United States during 1904 cost the con­
sumers approximately $1,500,000,000 indicates the
magnitude and importance of the problems which
the United States Geological Survey had under
investigation in connection with its coal-testing
plant at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. It
will interest many people to know that a preliminary
report on the operations of that plant has re­
cently been published. It is the work of E. W.
Parker, .1. A. Holmes, and M. R. Campbell, who
were appointed by the Directors of the United
States Geological Survey as a committee to install
a coal-testing plant on the World's Fair Grounds
at St. Louis, and to conduct therein a series of
tests on the best methods of utilizing coal and
lignite. The report contains a brief statement
of the results obtained from September 1, 1904,
when the plant was put in operation, to December
24. 1904. A more detailed report, which will be
fully illustrated by photographs and graphic charts,
and which will describe the methods employed in
making the coal tests and discuss the results ob­
tained, is in preparation and will be published.
The total sum appropriated for this work was
$60,000. Under the law authorizing the work all
of the testing machinery and all of the coals to be
tested had to be furnished to the government free
of charge. These conditions made it impossible
to provide an ideal testing plant in the time allot­
ted for the work, and there was considerable delay
in assembling the equipment. The conimittee
feels, nevertheless, that through the hearty and
patriotic co-operation of a large number of manufacturers
of apparatus and machinery, it was able
to collect and install, within a notably short time,
a testing plant that was well suited for such
pioneer work. The buildings erected for the work
consisted of a boiler and engine house, a storage
and washery building, and two buildings for bri­
quetting machines and equipment. A part of the
metal pavilion was utilized for a chemical laboratory,
in which all of the chemical work connected
with the tests was performed.
The various portions of the plant were put under
the direction of men thoroughly equipped in their
special lines. The steam-test division was under
the direction of Prof. L. P. Breckenridge. of the
University of Illinois. The producer gas tests
were under the direction of Prof. Robert H. Fer­
nald, of Washington University, St. Louis. The
washing operations were under the superintendence
of John D. Wick, of Chicago, general fore­
man of the plant. The coking plant was in charge
of Fred. \V. Stammler, of Johnstown. Pa. The
briquetting tests were directed by Dr. Joseph Hyde
Pratt, of the University of North Carolina and
the North Carolina Geological Survey. The plans
for the chemical laboratory, its equipment and
operations, were made under the direction of Prof.
N. W. Lord, of the Ohio State University.
The field work was placed in charge of Mr. M. R.
Campbell, one of the committee appointed by the
director of the survey for the prosecution of these
tests. All of the coal shipped to the plant for
testing, with the exception of a few carloads was
collected under the supervision of a survey official.
This was done to avoid any possibility of the criti­
cism that selected coals had been subjected to
these tests.
Among the results already clearly indicated by
these preliminary tests the following may be
stated as worthy of special consideration: (1) The
tests in the steam-boiler plant of 65 carload sam­
ples of coal from 17 states indicate that the steamproducing
capacity of American coals is high and
that the quality of many of these coals may be
improved by washing. (2) The producer-gas tests
show the most striking results, and they indicate
a revolution in the economical use of coal for the
production of power. The results clearly demon­
strate the following points: (a) that most of the
American bituminous coals and lignites can be
used successfully in the manufacture of producer
gas. and that this gas can be utilized in an explo­
sive gas engine; (b) that this method of using
fuel is much more economical than the present
mode of generating steam. (31 Some of the lignites
from partially developed but extensive deposits in
North Dakota and Texas, when tested in the gas
producer and gas engine, have shown unexpectedly
high power-producing qualities, such as promise
large future developments in those and other
states. (4) Some of the American coals, and the
"slack" produced in mining these coals, can he
briquetted on a commercial basis.
This report is listed as Bulletin No. 261 among
the survey's publications. It is intended for general
distribution and may be obtained on applica­
tion to the director of the United States geological
survey. Washington, D. C.
The United States census report on coal produc­
tion shows that while in 1830 the production of
coal per unit of population was hut one-fortieth
of a ton, it is at the present time on a basis of
four tons per capita, a hundredfold increase, or
10,000 per cent. In 1840 the per capita tonnage
was .105; 1850, .278: 1860, .514: and not until
1870 did it approach one ton per capita, the exact
figures then being .955. Since then rapid strides
have been made. For 1880 the tonnage was 1.518;
1890, 2.255; 1900, 3.534; 1902, 3.838; and at present,
it is safe to say, at least four tons per capita.

w ' » )
E. E. WALLING, GEN-L SALES AGENT. ®
f?
W

52
" SPEAKING COALWISE."
"Speaking Coalwise" is the title of an attractive
booklet which has just been issued by the Pitts­
burg-Buffalo Co., of Pittsburgh, and whose merit
and value is far beyond even the exceptional typo­
graphical neatness embodied in it. The brochure
contains a well-constructed appeal to the reason
of the consumer of coal. Its argument is neither
a wild declaration of generalities nor a prosaic
recital of claims. It is a clean, pleasant talk on
coal and coal consumption, with enough humor
to spice it properly and enough fact and com­
mon sense, of an uncommon order, to infuse into
the reader's mind the interest and the earnestness
of the author. It is a refreshing departure from
the average mercantile bid for trade and is well
worth the perusal of even the smallest buyer of
coal. The suggestions presented, and which are
implied rather than thrust upon the reader, are
of a character to help not only the business of
the Pittsburg-Buffalo Co.. but that of the coal
trade in general, by placing consumers of every
class in the way of more intelligent buying, and
therefore of more satisfactory results. It is
safe to assert that if the hints and suggestions
contained in this little booklet were to be universally
disseminated and thoroughly worked out,
there would within a brief period be a marvelous
improvement in the attitude of the coal consumer
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
toward the coal producer and an immense increase
in the profit and satisfaction of both. The
amount of matter to be digested is small, despite
the fact that it takes in both the coals and the
clay products of this company. There are, too.
a number of illustrations which help to accentuate
the points of the argument, and some testimonials
which should carry weight with prospective coal
buyers.
Colonist Tickets to the West and Northwest
via Pennsylvania Lines.
One-way second-class colonist tickets to Califor­
nia, the North Pacific Coast, Montana and Idaho,
will be sold via Pennsylvania Lines from March
lst to May 15th, inclusive. For particulars apply
to nearest Ticket Agent of those lines. J. K. Dillon.
District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
One-Way Settlers' Fares to South and Southeast.
One-way excursion tickets to points in Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North Caroiina, South Carolina, Tennessee and
Virginia, account Settlers' Excursions, will be sold
from all ticket stations on the Pennsylvania Lines.
during March and April. For full particulars
consult J. K. Dillon, District Passenger Agent,
515 Park Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
LUHRIG
GOAL
MINES LARGE. NO SLACK. NO SLATE. NO CLINKER.
LONG DISTANCE PHONE
MAIN 3094.
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
MINED ONLY BY
THE LUHRIG COAL CO.
FOURTH AND PLUM STREETS, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
J V.
ARTHUR BROCK, President, Lebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburg, Pa.
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, Latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
. . . OP . . .
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
..AND..
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
„ FAMOUj
SOUTH lORk, \ "ArvCjYLb PENNSYLVANIA.
SMOKELESS
O A
SMOKELESS
C n x V
r

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
•
4 I
4 »
•*
m
4
4
4
4
4
SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
\ SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
1 CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
•^YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
tf \)G \
f)EST GRADES
->!
STEAM COAL
and .
CONNELLSVILLE COKE, K-
MINKD AND SHIPPED BY THE
SAXMAN COAL & COKE COMPANY,
. . . LATROBE, PA. . . .
LATROBE. PA..
PRODUCES AND SHIPS
STEAM COAL OF FINEST QUALITY
AND MANUFACTURERS
BEST CONNELLSVILLE COKE.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
rvs IA
ACME COAL MINING CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES:
SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. K. R.
GENERAL OFFICES : GREENSBURG, PA.
L/a i\j
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM
GENERAL
COAL
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
OFFICES: - GREENSBURG, PA.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL,
PRESIDENT. V. PREST. & TREAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
«- OFFICES: —.
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
._ SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.

T5he
COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., MAY 1, 1905. No. 11
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by TIIE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1904
A. It. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STBAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION, - - - - $2.00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL TKADK COMPANY.
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
obtain employment because their places have been
filled by men whose work is entirely satisfactory.
These are the net results of a strike as unjust, ill-
advised and groundless as ever workingmen per­
mitted themselves to be deluded into taking part
in. Although the struggle has worked injury to
all concerned the cause of right and justice has
prevailed and it is not improbable that the object
lesson taught may be worth the cost of the
triumph.
* * *
After every fatal mine accident the newspapers
brisue with accusations against mine owners and
officials, print comparative statements of the loss
of life in American and English collieries and
bubble over with advice which, they assert, if
followed, would practically eradicate danger from
coal mining. The fact is that the coal mines of
The miners' strike which had been in progress
America are as well safeguarded by law practice
in the Meyersdale region of Pennsylvania since
and mechanical appliances as any in the world;
December 15, 1903, was called off on February 22
but as long as the American miner persists in
by Organizer E. S. McCullough, acting upon in­
shirking safety measures, ignoring his danger and
structions from the national headquarters of the
covertly violating rules and requirements made
United Mine Workers of America. The summary
for his protection—so long will the coal interests
ending of the strike virtually means the passing
be a butt for the gibes of unfair, uninformed and
of the organization in that region, as it has failed
unskillful newspaper writers. Ninety-nine per
to gain a single point for which it contended for
cent, of all mine accidents are due absolutely to
16 months. During the greater portion of that
the carelessness or wilful negligence of the men
time the majority of the mines were operated
nearly, if not altogether, full time, producing all
employed in them.
the coal their orders demanded. The strike followed
the operators' refusal to grant a demand for
With first-class steam coal commanding $4.S0
an increase in wages and a decrease in differen­ per short ton at western French ports, it would
tial, at a time when it was impossible to grant seem that the time is ripe for American producers
such a demand and continue to operate the mines to begin to build up a foreign trade. American
at a profit. Many organizers have been in the
consuls everywhere are pointing out opportunities
field, and the support of the national organization which are being neglected despite the fact that
was given to the strikers, more than $5,000 per each year the production in this country is in­
week having been distributed in the district. It creasing at a rate far beyond that at which the
will be impossible for many of the strikers to demand is advancing.

28 PHI: COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
President Baer's recent address to the Reading
employes at Pottsville. Pa., has stirred up a hor­
net's nest among the newspapers. Violent ex­
ception is taken to his expressed belief that coal
operators know more aoout how to run their busi­
ness than the newspapers do, and to his assertion
that the law of necessity is no more binding on
the coal producer than on others handling natural
products. How some of the editors must regret
that Mr. Baer's heresies are not punishable by
burning at the stake!
* * *
With all its bluffing and four-flushing the Penn­
sylvania legislature passed no mining measures
of importance. Of the bills put through, one
increases the number of state mine inspectors and
another limits the age of boys emp'oyed in the
mines to 16 years. A measure similar to the
latter one passed two years ago and was killed by
the supreme court. The whip and spur were not
spared but no horse, however goaded, can leap the
sky-high wall of public opinion.
RETAIL COAL DEALERS TO MEET.
A meeting of retail coal dealers from all parts
of the country will be held in New York May 10.
to form a defensive alliance against the mine
owners and coal distributers. The announced
purpose of the movement is to devise methods for
the quicker delivery of coal by the operators and
its better preparation for shipment. According
to some of those interested the retailers assert
that they have not received fair treatment of late
at the hands of the shippers, because of which
many small dealers and a few large ones have
been forced out of business.
It is announced that the new association will
not attempt to regulate prices beyond trying to
secure lower freight rate concessions.
The Ohio River Inspection.
The inspection tour of the Ohio river to be
taken by the river and harbors committee of Con­
gress has been planned out and provided for by the
Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce and other
bodies interested in the matter. The party will
leave Pittsburgh on May 10, on the steamer Queen
City. The boat will run to Wheeling the first
day, making a stop at East Liverpool, 0. At
Wheelirg a banquet will be served. Parkersburg
will be visited May 11. Portsmouth May 12, Cin­
cinnati May 13, Louisville May 14, and Cairo May
17. Many of the congressmen will be accom­
panied by their wives, and arrangements are now
being made for their entertainment upon the ar­
rival of the committee in Pittsburgh. A fund of
$10,000 has been provided to cover the expenses of
the trip.
Operators Blamed For Mine Disaster.
The coroner's jury which investigated the Vir
ginia, Ala., mine disaster of February 20, in which
111 persons lost their lives, returned a verdict
charging four mine operators with wilful and
criminal negligence. The jury returned a separate
verdict in the case of each man killed. The
verdict says: "The explosion was caused by the
collection of dust that was allowed to accumulate
in the mines of the Alabama Steel & Wire Co.. by
their agents, although the state mine inspector and
his assistants had repeatedly warned them of the
dangerous condition of the mines for more than
a year prior to the explosion. The men came to
their death in an unlawful manner by the wilful
and criminal negligence of Everett T. Schuler,
George E. Schuler, Amos W. Reed and Samuel
Hartly. operators, managers and mine foremen of
the said mine."
Neat Sum Awarded For Salvage.
The Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co. earned a neat sum by saving the Ellis,
the new fruit steamer of the United Fruit Co.,
when in collision on her maiden voyage. Judge
Parlange, in the United States district court at
New Orleans, has affirmed the report of Frank H.
Mortimer, the commissioner appointed to arrange
the salvage awards. The total amount of the
award is $15,000, $5.SOO being divided among the
company's tugs, as follows: W. G. Wilmot, $2,300;
Varguard, $1,250; R. W. Wilmot, $650; W. H.
Wood, $400; pumpboat Ricardo, $200.
Experiments With Safety Lamps.
Among the important conclusions reached by
Mr. Watteyne, who has just completed a series
of tests under standardized conditions at the Bel­
gian government's experimental station, is that
coal dust in mine air has no effect on the protec­
tion given by a safety lamp. He holds that an
oil-burning Davy or a benzine-burning Wolf is
just as safe in an atmosphere of fire-damp charged
with coal dust as in firedamp without dust.
Several opinions regarding different types of
lamps are shown to be valueless by Mr. Watteyne.
He demonstrated that benzine, burnt in a proper
lamp, is just as safe as oil, that the use of friction
igniting devices does not in the least impair a
lamp's value, but increases it.

TEXT OF THE NEW WAGE AGREEMENT
FOR THE WESTERN KENTUCKY FIELDS.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
LOUISVILLE, KY., March 31, 1905.
The members of the Western Kentucky Coal
Operators' Association and their employes, members
of District No. 23, United Mine Workers of
America, hereby auopt as the agreement for the
year ending March 31, 1906, the following:
PICK MININQ.
Section 1. The price for pick mining for the
year ending March 31, 1906, shall be 78% cents
per ton over the district standard screen (12 ft.
long, 5 ft. wide, 1% inch space between bars, %
inch face). It is distinctly understood that when
any company uses a shaker screen that screens
more than a standard screen, they shall weigh
the coal before it passes over said shaker screen.
It is agreed that the ration of lump coal to minerun
over iy2 inch district standard screen shall
be based on 62 per cent, going into the weigh box,
and this per cent, snail regulate the ration of
lump and run-of-mine coal whenever any change
is made in the price of mining. The mine-run
price shall be 48 8-10 cents per ton, the equivalent
of 62 per cent, of 78% cents per ton, the
price of lump coal. It is understood that coal
shall be mined two and a half feet under ordinary
conditions, and the solid may be shot not more
than an equal amount. In exceptional cases
miners shall mine coal as much as possible.
It is understood that the above prices apply to
all veins that have been recognized as No. 9, or
its equivalent.
Section 2. The price of yardage in entries shall
be $1.19% per yard, but when the entry exceeds
ten feet and is not more than twelve feet, the
price shall be 89 V4 cents per yard, and no yardage
shall be paid in excess of twelve feet. All breakthroughs
shall be paid for at entry prices. Should
the bank boss and the man driving an entry agree
that it is wet, then tne miner shall receive 29 6-10
cents per yard extra.
Section 3. The price of turning rooms shall
be $3.57 per room.
MACHINE MINING.
Section 4. The price for drilling, shooting, loading
and timbering after chain and punch machines
shall be one-half the price of pick mining.
The companies using the chain machine shall pay
such additional price per ton for braddling the
coal, handling the machine cuttings and taking up
the bottom as can be agreed upon by the mines
affected, or have it done by the day.
Section 5. Chain machine runners and helpers
shall be paid at the rate of $4.46% per twentyseven
cuts, under ordinary conditions, divided
$2.36% to the runner and $2.10 to the helper, and
when they work by the day, the runner shall re­
ceive 29 6-10 cents per hour, and the helper 26 Vi
cents per hour. It is understood that fourteen
square feet shall constitute a cut for the five-foot
and the six-foot machines.
There shall be no limit to the number of cuts
made by machine runner and helper for a day's
work.
Punch machine runners shall receive 29 6-10
cents per hour, and helpers shall receive 22 4-10
cents per hour, when they work by the hour; 11V4
cents per ton of screen coal to the cutter, 6% cents
per ton of screen coal to the helper, when they
work by the ton, or 1 19-100 cents per square foot
to the cutter, and 71-100 cents to the helper.
Section 6. Yardage for chain machines shall
be 59 9-10 cents per yard for three runs, to be
divided as follows: 42 cents to the loader, 9%.
cents to the cutter, 8 4-10 cents to the helper,
and it shall be 44 6-10 cents for four runs divided
in the same proportion.
Yardage for punch machines shall be 59 9-10
cents, divided as follows: 31% cents to the loader,
16 8-10 to the cutter and 11 6-10 cents to the helper,
when the entry does not exceed ten feet, and when
the entry exceeds ten feet, but does not exceed
twelve feet, the price shall be 44 6-10 cents, divided
in the same proportion.
No yardage shall be paid by either machine company
when the work is done by the day, nor when
entries are more than four runs wide.
Section 7. Turning rooms in machine mines
shall be paid by the yard, as per Section 6. divided
between loaders, helpers and cutters, when
not working by the day.
Section S. Where a man or a man and a boy
are loading after a machine and not claiming
more than a turn and a half, they shall be entitled
to two or three rooms where practical.
Section 9. The companies shall lay all roads
and timber all bad places not caused by the miner's
own negligence.
Section 10. A square turn shall be kept all
over the mines in rooms and narrow work under
ordinary conditions, but when the operator considers
it necessary for the extra or special development
of his mine to push forward the entries,
he may do so, whether the rest of the mine is
working or not, this work to be distributed among
the men who are competent entry drivers. Half
turn to boys between fourteen and sixteen years
of age.
Section 11. Miners absent from their working
places for three consecutive days, unless through
sickness, in which case they must notify the bank
boss, or by first having obtained the consent of
the superintendent or bank boss, shall forfeit their
working places; and men who do not work regularly,
and who attempt to take advantage of this
section shall be subject to discharge. Any day

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
man absenting himself from work one day without
previously obtaining permission to do so from
the superintendent or bank boss, or who has no
valid or reasonable excuse for absenting himself
without permission, shall forfeit his position or
working place.
Section 12. Any miner loading an unusual
amount of slate, sulphur or other impurities shall
be fined fifty cents for the first offense, seventyfive
cents for the second offense, and shall be subject
to discharge for the third offense in any one
month. The weighmaster and checkweighman
shall be the judges of such unusual amounts, and
the fines, when collected, shall be paid to the district
office, and in no case shall be remitted.
Section 13. The checkweighman shall have a
number to run his account, and shall be allowed
to cut each miner for his own wages, and for all
dues and assessments of the U. M. W. of A., provided
that in the case of dues and assessments
each employe shall give a written order authorizing
the employer to make such cuts. The checkweighman
must, not later than the third day of
each month, turn into the company's office an
account showing the amount of dues and assessments
to be stopped from each man for the previous
month, so that on the following pay day
the company may remit the amount of dues and
assessments as per said statement belonging to
the district, to the district treasurer, and the
amount belonging to the local, as per said statement
to the local financial secretary. Similar cuts
for day men shall be collected on the same conditions
through the office. Men voluntarily leaving
the employment of a company when owing that
company shall not be entitled to their clearance
cards until they have made an arrangement with
the company for the future payment of their
debts by giving them a sixty-day note for the
amount of the debt with authority to notify the
company for whom they are going to work that
they desire their wages cut $4.00 per month until
the note is paid in full, and the checkweighman
or secretaries of local unions shall not issue
clearance cards until they have ascertained from
the company whether or not the man applying for
a card is in debt, and until the aforesaid note has
been given.
Section 14. No mass meeting shall be held during
working hours, on or off the company's premises,
when the mine is running, and any one
calling a meeting shall be subject to discharge.
No committee shall visit any employe at his
working place, except in company with the bank
boss, to settle a grievance; and any employe caught
out of his working place during working hours,
except for satisfactory reasons, is liable to have
his turn stopped, at the option of the bank boss.
Section 15. All labor shall be paid for by the
hour, or quarters of hours, and eight hours shall
constitute a day's labor, so far as mine laborers
and miners are concerned; but the eight hours
shall not affect the engineers, firemen, pumpers,
outside teamsters, night-watchmen, blacksmiths,
special repair work, or such men as are now paid
by the month.
An eight-hour day means eight hours' work in
the mines at usual worKing places for all classes
of day labor and miners, and any miner late, without
reasonable excuse, shall forfeit his turn for
the day. This shall be exclusive of the time required
in reaching working places and departing
from same at night.
Drivers shall take their mules to and from the
stable, and the time in so doing shall not include
any part of the day's work, their work beginning
when they reach the change at which they receive
the empty cars; but in no case shall a driver's
time be docked while he is waiting for such cars
at point named.
It is distinctly understood that the time of
starting the run each day depends on the arrival
of railroad cars, and that the eight hours shall
be counted from the time of starting, provided the
run begins within two hours from the regular
starting time.
Miners and day men shall respond promptly to
the starting time, and no shooting shall be done
until nine hours after starting the run, or before
the usual hour, without the permission of the
bank boss, who shall furthermore direct how the
shooting is to be done, and no man can be allowed
to shoot out of turn, subject to the penalties of
Section 18 as hereinafter provided.
The following scale of wages shall be paid for
inside work:
Per day.
Tracklayers $2.10
Tracklayers' helpers 1.91
Trappers 65
Bottom cagers 1.91
Drivers gathering with one mule 1.91
Drivers gathering with two mules 2.08
Drivers with more than two mules on entries 2.08
Riders 1.91
Water haulers 1.91
Timbermen 2.10
Pipemen 2.02
All other inside day labor 1.91
The minimum outside scale of wages for work
about the mine shall be 1.52
In the event of an operator electing, or having
elected to pay for any class of labor a higher wage
than the scale set forth in this agreement, he shall
at any time have the right to reduce the same to
the scale price; but it is distinctly understood
that he is under no obligation to pay any wage
other than fixed by this agreement.

The color line shall not be a bar to employment
either above or below ground at any mine in this
district, which is a party to this agreement.
In emergencies and in the absence of any regular
employe, the right of the operator to employ
men not members of the U. M. W. of A., for outside
labor regulated by this agreement, shall not
be questioned; the men so employed as temporary
laborers shall not work for more than three days
at any one time, without becoming members of the
U. M. W. of A.
The initiation fee for admission to and qualification
for membership in this district of the U.
M. W. of A. shall not be in excess of $10.00 for
outside men. Said initiation fee may be paid in
instalments of $2.50 per pay day.
The local conditions existing at each mine in
respect to the rate of wages paid to men when
taken from one kind of employment to another
to fill temporary vacancies shall not be disturbed.
There shall be no boys employed as drivers, except
on straight track, and said drivers shall receive
25 cents per day less than the district scale.
Section 16. The price of blacksmithing at pick
mines shall be 1 34-100 cents per $1.00 earned by
each miner, and at machine mines blacksmithing
shall be 67-100 cents per $1.00 earned by each
miner.
Section 17. All employes affected by this agreement
shall be paid on the second Saturday of each
month for the labor performed during the latter
half of the preceding calendar month, and on the
fourth Saturday of each month for the labor performed
during the first half of the current month.
This second payment as provided above shall be
in the nature of a cash advance in even dollars.
Section 18. Employes are liable to be discharged
for:
(a) Disorderly conduct.
(b) Gambling and shooting on the company's
premises.
(c) Taking coal, tools, timber, etc., without
permission.
(d) Firing before the run stops without permission
of the bank boss.
(e) Committing a nuisance in entries, airways,
or necks of rooms.
Section 19. In the event of an instantaneous
death by accident in or around the mine, the
miners and underground employes shall have the
privilege of discontinuing work for the remainder
of that day, but work, at the option of the operator,
shall be resumed the day following and continue
thereafter. In case the operator decides
to operate the mine on the day of the funeral of
the deceased, individual employes may, at their
option, absent themselves from work for the purpose
of attending such funeral, but not otherwise.
And, in event the operator shall elect to operate
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
the mine on the day of such funeral, then from
the proceeds of such day's operation, each person
employed at the mine at which the deceased member
was employed shall contribute fifty cents and
the operator $25.00 for the benefit of the family
of the deceased, or his legal representative, to be
collected through the office of the company. Except
in the case of fatal accidents as above, the
mine shall, in no case, be thrown idle because of
any death or funeral, but in the case of the death
of any emp.oye of the company or member of his
family, any individual miner may, at his option,
absent himself from work for the sake of attending
such funeral, but not otherwise.
Section 20. Married men shall at all times
form the majority of all committees.
Section 21. In all conferences, the employes of
each mine, or especially the mine affected, shall
be represented by not less than three employes of
such mine, and the voting power shall be vested
in such employes; but this does not preclude the
presence of any official of the labor organization.
Section 22. It is agreed that if any difference
arises between the operator and the miners at
any mine, a settlement shall be arrived at without
stopping work. If the parties immediately
affected cannot reach an agreement between themselves,
the question shall be referred, without delay,
to a board of arbitration consisting of two
members, one to be the commissioner, or a similarly
designated official, selected by the operators,
or his appointee, the other the president of district
No. 23, United Mine Workers of America, or
his appointee. In the event of these two being
unable to reach a decision, they shall select a
third member, and the decision of said board of
arbitration shall be final and binding on all parties
to this agreement and those they represent.
But under no circumstances shall work stop before
the decision of the board of arbitration is received,
and such stoppage of work, before the decision
of said board of arbitration is received,
shall be sufficient cause to discharge the mine
committee and the party or parties causing the
dispute unless the committee show they have used
due diligence to keep the men at work.
Section 23. The operator and his superintendent
and mine manager shall be respected in the
management of the mines and the direction of
the working force. All day men shall perform
whatever kind of day labor the management may
direct them to perform from time to time, and
at any time should a day man be absent from
work on the failure of the mine boss to secure the
necessary man or men, it shall then become the
duty of the bank committee to do all in their
power to provide the necessary man or men to do
the work. The right to hire must also include
the right to discharge, and it is not the purpose

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of this agreement to abridge the rights of the employer
in either of these respects. If, however.
any employe shall be suspended or discharged by
the company, and it is claimed that an injustice
has been done him, an investigation shall be conducted,
as provided in Section 22, and if it is determined
that an injustice has been done, the operator
agrees to reinstate said employe and pay him
full compensation for the time he has been suspended
and out of employment, provided if no
decision shall be reached within five days the
case shall be considered closed, in so far as compensation
is concerned.
In all such cases the other employes must continue
to work, pending an investigation and adjustment
until a final decision is reached.
Section 24. The erection of head frames, tipples,
houses, buildings, scales, machinery, railroad
switches, etc., necessary for the completion of a
plant to hoist coal, all being in the nature of construction
work, are to be excluded from the jurisdiction
of the U. M. W. of A. Extensive repairs
to, or rebuilding the same class of work, shall also
be included in the same exception. The employes
therein to be excluded as above when on such work
only.
Section 25. This agreement constitutes the only
agreement between the miners and operators in
this district, and there shall be no demands made
locally that conflict with this agreement. Local
conditions at any mine not covered by this agreement
shall be adjusted locally subject to Section
22.
This contract goes into effect April 1, 1905, and
continues in force until March 31, 1906.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed
our names, this, the 24th day of March, 1905.
Western Kentucky Coal Operators' Association,
by I. P. Barnard, president; Fred P. Wright, vicepresident;
D. Stewart Miller, commissioner and
secretary.
District No. 23, U. M. W. of A., by C. W. Wells,
president; W. E. Hicks, vice-president; T. L. Lewis,
national vice-president; W. J. Campbell, M. N. E. B.
To Adopt New Mining System.
A new system of mining coal is proposed in
(he West Penn field of the Pennsylvania bituminous
region, which will greatly benefit the miners
as well as the operators. The mines of the West
Penn field have both the Freeport veins. There
is about one foot of slate separating the veins and
heretofore the miners have been required to mine
both coal and slate. New machinery will be installed
by which the slate will be taken out before
the coal is mined. In addition to saving a great
deal of extra work, it is said each miner will save
about 20 cents worth of powder a day.
PENNSYLVANIA JUDGE MAKES
A NEW RULING ON STRIKES.
An important and novel ruling was made in
Tioga county, Pa., by Judge David Cameron, in
disposing of the injunction proceedings brought
by the Morris Run Coal Co. against its former employes
who went on a strike several months ago.
The court held that strikers have the right to
maintain a system of pickets so long as they do
not use violence or threats. A permanent injunction
against the great body of the strikers was
refused but the petition of the company against
seven men alleged to have assaulted non-union
employes was granted. The ruling says:
"Persuasion, even supplemented by the use of
money, is not an interference with the exercise of
free will. A permanent injunction will not be
granted against a combination of persons whose
object it is to entice away workmen from their
employment.
"The defendants were employes of the plaintiff,"
says the court, "and the cause of the strike, on
April 1, 1904, was a difference between them on
account of a reduction of wages.
"They had the right to strike and to quit work
for any reason or for no reason. The law gives
them that right. It also gives to the men who
came to take their places the right to work on any
terms they saw fit to make. It is one of the indefeasible
rights of a mechanic or laborer in this
commonwealth to fix such value on his services as
he sees proper, and under the constitution there
is r.o power lodged anywhere to compel him to
work for less than he chooses to accept.
"But in this case the workmen went further.
They agreed that no one of them would work for
less than the demand; and, by all lawful means.
such as reasoning and persuasion, they would prevent
other workmen from working for less. Their
right to do this is also clear. The means used by
the defendants, with the exception of the two instances
where threats and assault were employed,
were peaceable and fair, and did not in any way
restrict the strike breakers in the free exercise of
the will. Even the offer or the payment of
money to induce them to quit left them free to
do as they pleased."
Judge Cameron was himself employed as a coal
miner prior to studying law.
The annual convention of the Northwestern Coal
Dealers' Association will be opened on June 27,
at Duluth, Minn. There are nearly 1,600 coal
yards represented in this organization and the
membership, it is believed, will be increased to
2,000 yards before the annual meeting is held. A
large attendance is anticipated at the convention
which will continue for three days.

UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT DECIDES
THAT LAWS REGULATING THE HOURS
OF LABOR ARE UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
In an opinion written by Justice Peckham the
United States supreme court has decided that the
New York state law making 10 hours a day's work
and 60 hours a week's work in bakeries in that
state is unconstitutional. The decision, of course,
affects all state laws bearing on hours of labor.
Justices Harlan, White, Day and Holmes dissented,
and Justice Harlan declared that no more important
decision had been rendered in the last century.
The opinion was handed down in the case of
Lockner vs. the State of New York and was based
on the ground that the law interferes with the
free exercise of the rights of contract between individuals.
The court of appeals of the state upheld
the law and affirmed the judgment of the
trial court holding Lockner guilty. Judge Parker
wrote the opinion of the New York court of appeals
suporting the law, and the court divided four
to three on the question of validity.
The law involved in the case is a portion of
section 110 of the New York state labor law, prescribing
the hours of labor in bakeries in the
state. Lockner is a baker in the city of Utica,
and was found guilty of permitting an employe
to work in his bakery more than 60 hours in a
week and fined $50. The judgment was affirmed
by the New York appellate courts. Monday's
opinion dealt entirely with the constitutional question
involved. Justice Peckham said that the
law was not an act merely fixing the number of
hours constituting a legal day's work, "but
AN ABSOLUTE PROHIBITION
under any circumstances of more than 10 hours'
work to be done in his establishment." He continued:
"The employe may desire to earn the
extra money which would arise, from his working
more than the prescribed time, but this statute
forbids the employer from permitting the employe
to earn it. It necessarily interferes with the
right of contract between the employer and employes
concerning the number of hours in which
the latter may labor in the bakery of the employer.
The general right to make a contract
in relation to his business is part of the liberty of
the individual protected by the Fourteenth amendment
to the Federal Constitution. Under that
provision no state can deprive any person of life,
liberty or property without due process of law.
The right to purchase or to sell labor is part of
the liberty protected by this amendment, unless
there are circumstances which exclude the right."
The justice referred to the exceptions coming
under the head of the police powers of the state
and after considering that point at length, concluded
that the present case did not fall within the
police power.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
"The question whether this act is valid as a
labor law pure and simple may," he said, "be dismissed
in a few words. There is no reasonable
ground for interfering with the liberty of persons
or the right of free contract by determining the
hours of labor in the occupation of a baker.
Bakers are
IN No SENSE WARDS OF THE STATE.
Viewed in the light of a purely labor law, with
no reference whatever to the question of health,
we think that a law like the one before us involves
neither the safety, the morals, nor the
welfare of the public, and that the interest of the
public is not in the slightest degree affected by
such an act.
"It is a question of which of two powers or
rights shall prevail—the power of the state to
legislate or the right of the individual to liberty
of person and freedom of contract. The mere
assertion that the subject relates to the public
health does not necessarily render the enactment
valid. The act must have a more direct relation
as a means to an end, and the end itself must be
appropriate and legitimate before an act can be
held to be valid which interferes with the general
right of an individual to be free in his person and
in his power to contract in relation to his own
labor. We think the limit of the police power
has been reached and passed in this case."
Justice Peckham quoted statistics to show that
the trade of a baker was
NOT AN ESPECIALLY UNHEALTHY ONE
and said men could not be prevented from earning
a living for their families. He concluded:
"It seems to us that the real object and purpose
was simply to regulate the hours of labor between
the master and his employes, all being men sui
juris, in a private business, not dangerous in any
degree to the health of the employes. Under such
circumstances the freedom of master and employe
to contract with each other in relation to
their employment and in defining the same cannot
be prohibited or interfered with without violating
the federal constitution."
Justices Holmes and Harlan both delivered dissenting
opinions and Justices White and Day concurred
in Justice Harlan's views. The latter said
in part:
"I do not stop to consider whether any particular
view of this economic question presents the
sounder theory. The question is one about which
there is room for debate and for an honest difference
of opinion. No one can doubt that there are
many reasons, based upon the experience of mankind,
in support of theory that, all things considered
more than 10 hours steady work each da}',
from week to week. H a bakery or confectionery
establishment, may endanger the health, impair
the usefulness and shorten the lives of workmen.

34
"If such reasons exist, that ought to be the
end of this case, for the state is
NOT AMENABLE TO THE JUDICIARY,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
in respect of its legislative enactments, unless
such enactments are plainly, palpably, beyond all
question, • inconsistent with the constitution of
the United States. We are not to presume that •
the state of New York has acted in bad faith.
Nor can we assume that its legislature acted without
due deliberation, or that it did not determine
this question upon the fullest attainable information,
and for the common good. We cannot say
that the state has acted without reason, or that
its action is a mere sham. Our duty, then is to
sustain the statute as not being in conflict with
the federal constitution for the reason—and such
is an all-sufficient reason—it is not shown to be
plainly and palpably inconsistent with that instrument.
Let the state alone in the management
of its purely domestic affairs so long as it
does not appear beyond all question that it has
violated the federal constitution. This view necessarily
results from the principle that the health
and safety of the people of a state are primarily
for the state to guard and protect, and are not a
matter ordinarily of concern to the national government."
COAL MINING AND RAILWAY
DEVELOPMENT IN MEXICO.
Lewis A. Martin, United States consul at Ciudad
Porfirio Diaz, Mexico, makes the following report
regarding coal mining and railway development
in Mexico:
The principal mining developments in this section
relate to coal, and there are a number of
companies operating within this consular district,
along the line of the Mexican International
railroad. The most important companies are at
Baroteran, Sabinas, Hondo, and Fuente. The
Mexican Coal & Coke Co. is the most extensive in
its operations. This company was organized under
the laws of New Jersey, and has a capital of
over $2,000,000 gold. This company is operating
several mines on its properties at Las Esperanzas
and Conquista. The output now averages about
40,000 metric tons per month. The coal is all
sold in Mexico, with the exception of some shipments
to Texas foundries and to the copper smelters
in Arizona, and of some 5,000 tons manufactured
into coke. It is intended to increase the
present output very materially, depending very
much on the supply of labor. I am informed that
3,000 men are steadily employed by this company.
A majority of the miners are Mexicans,
but recently 350 workmen have arrived from
Japan. There are also a few Chinese and some
American negroes employed. The town which has
grown up around these mines has a population of
about 9,000. The mines have been in operation
for about four years. Prospecting and construction
work dates somewhat further back. The
company owns and rents to its employes about
1,250 houses of various classes and sizes, runs a
big company store, and furnishes to its employes
and others all the goods usually used in such a
settlement. The store has a general assortment
of merchandise, consisting of dry goods, groceries,
notions, furnishings, hats, shoes, etc. All or
nearly all of these goods are imported from the
United States.
At Hondo, not far from the Las Esperanzas
mines, on the line of the Mexican International
railroad, large mines are being operated by the
Compania Fundidora de Fierro Acero de Monterey.
This company owns a large foundry and steel
plant at Monterey, and has also large interests in
coal mining, both in Nueva Leon and in Coahuila.
I corresponded with the company with a view of
geeting a definite idea of the extent of their operations
in coal mining, but the information furnished
was very meager—that the company is
capitalized at $10,000,000, all of which had been
paid in; that in addition to the large steel plant
at Monterey, it is operating large coal properties
in the states of Nueva Leon and Coahuila, on the
banks of the Rio Grande, and that its annual output
of coal is something like 150,000 tons. I learn
from other sources that the works of the company
at Hondo are quite extensive, something like
1,000 men being employed.
I am informed that a new company is now putting
down a coal shaft at Sabinas; in fact, several
shafts are being opened near there. Sabinas is
a station on the International railroad, 72 miles
South of this city, and I am informed that large
expenditures of capital are being made, and a
great volume of business is expected to be done
at that place during the current year. There are
also extensive coal works at Fuente.
The foregoing mines ship their coal into the interior
of Mexico to cities along the several railroads,
including the City of Mexico. The factories,
and especially the smelters, demand large
quantities of coal, and I am told that the market
has not been overstocked, and that there is a growing
demand for the product of these mines. At
and in the vicinity of the mines business of various
kinds is flourishing, notably the sale of dry
goods, groceries, ladies' and gentlemen's furnishings,
hardware, mining and farming implements,
etc. It is the policy of the Mexican government
to protect the several industries growing up in
the republic by so arranging tariff duties as to
give the infant industries a chance to grow and
become thoroughly established.

INDUSTRIAL EFFECT OF THE
COAL STRIKE IN BELGIUM.
James C. McNally, United States consul at
Liege, Belgium, makes the following report on
the effect of the German and Belgian coal strikes
on general industrial conditions in Belgium:
"This market has suffered considerably on account
of the coal strikes in the Ruhr district, Germany,
as well as in Belgium. It is thought that
the end of the local strikes is in sight, which
fortunate event will mark an increase in the activity
of the markets in this country. The time
of year is at hand when the government invites
bids for furnishing fuel to its state railways. The
accepted bid usually regulates the price of coal
throughout the kingdom. It is therefore confidently
expected that last year's price will prevail.
One encouraging feature of the prospective activity
is the present flourishing condition of the various
industries, which seem to be taxed to the limit
of their capacity, having on hand ample orders to
insure a continuance of this condition.
"The present prices of coal at the mine per ton
are as follows: For slack of a poor quality, 9
francs ($1.74); for mixed small coal, containing
one quarter bituminous, 10 francs ($1.93) ; and for
mixed coal of all sizes containing one-half bituminous,
12 francs ($2.32). The fleunus, which
is a coal special to Belgium, commands at the
mine about 10 francs ($1.93), slack, 12 francs
($2.32) for a mixed small coal, and 14 francs
($2.70) for a mixed grade containing both large
and small. The demand for domestic coal is poor.
The strikes have not materially reduced the stock
at the mines, and, as the season is far advanced,
business in this direction is not encouraging. The
coke market is in a highly flourishing condition,
and the products of the syndicate's ovens are
controlled up to June 30 next. The price per
ton of ordinary coke is 17 francs ($3.28) and for
the half washed, such as is in demand by blast
furnaces, 20 francs ($3.87). On March 1, the administration
of marine signed a contract for the
purchase of from 12,000 to 18,000 tons of coal
briquettes. The metallic branch of Belgian industries
has suffered little on account of the coal
strikes, and is in good condition with prices satisfactory.
In cast iron, refined iron and steel
the prices are uniformly maintained. The prices
of rolled products are steadily increasing. Rails,
bars, beams, sheet iron and rods have a ready sale
at good prices."
Sunday in Wheeling.
Leave Pittsburgh in the morning; return in the
evening, over Pennsylvania Lines. 8.20 a. m. train
Central time from Pittsburgh Union Station has
parlor car. Returning parlor car train leaves
Wheeling 2.55 p. m., arrives Pittsburgh 5.05 p. m.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
Coal Trade Stagnation in England.
The Commercial Bristol, of Bristol, England,
points out the fact that the stagnation in the
coal trade is as general in England as in some
parts of .the United States. In a recent issue it
says the local coal trade has not been flourishing
during the last twelve months. The general depression
in all branches of trade has lessened the
demand for manufacturing coal, while the warm
summer and mild winter have seriously affected
the house coal market, and in many other instances
the general comment is that trade has
MR. M. GREENWOOD.
Mr, (ireenwood ia very well known in the coal trade, especially
in the bituminous fields of Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia,
as the representative of the Laidlaw-Dunn-llordon Co. and other
interests of the International Steam Pump Co. He has met a deserved
success in his work.
been very dull and money scarce. The diminished
output arising from bad trade has resulted
in a shortage of small coal, the price of which is
firm ,with an upward tendency.
It has been decided that the interstate commerce
law covers car loads of coal shipped from one
state into another. Such shipments remain subjects
of interstate commerce until delivered by
the consignee. They are, therefore, beyond the
control of a state railroad commission. A suit
to enjoin a state board there enforcing an order
with reference to such shipments is not properly
brought into state court, since the matter is within
the jurisdiction of the federal court.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CAMERON PUMP WORKS MAKES
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN AGENCIES.
The A. S. Cameron Steam Pump Works announce
that they have withdrawn their agency from the
Mine & Smelter Supply Co., who are no longer
authorized by them to sell any of their pumps or
repair parts. They have transferred their agencies
to and are now represented by Cary & Fielding,
No. 1711 Tremont street, Denver, Colorado;
Utah Mining, Machinery & Supply Co., No. 228
South, West Temple street, Salt Lake, Utah; Ingersoll-Sergeant
Drill Co.. El Paso, Texas; Victor
M. Braschi & Co., Cadenas street No. 2, Mexico
City, Mexico. These firms will carry a full line
of the "Cameron" pumps and repair parts in stock,
and doubtless will be able to fill all orders on
shortest notice.
In these transfers it would almost seem like a
return to old friends or the survival of the fittest,
as John Cary. and Robert Cary his brother, father
and uncle respectively of J. W. Cary of Cary &
Fielding, were the founders of the Mine & Smelter
Supply Co.. although they have since severed their
connection with it, and took over from the old
firm of C. E. Kennedy & Co. the agency for the
sale of the "Cameron" pumps, which they then
and have always regarded as one of the best if not
the very best agency they had; hence it is quite
apropos that one of the same name and related
to them should again represent the "Cameron."
The Utah Mining Machinery & Supply Co., while
not representing the Cameron heretofore, have
always been friendly and held the Cameron in
high esteem. The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co.
have held close and cordial relations with the
Cameron for nearly thirty years, and at the present
time represent them not only in El Paso, Texas,
but in Berlin, Germany, in Great Britain, and for
more than ten years in the Transvaal, South
Africa.
Victor M. Braschi & Co., of Mexico City, Mexico,
have but recently secured the agency for the
Cameron, but Mr. Braschi has enjoyed a close
acquaintance with the Cameron for many years
through his earlier connection with the Rand
Drill Co., and later since he has been in business
Tor himself.
In addition to the stock transferred, three car
loads of pumps and parts have been received by
Cary & Fielding, and a car load each by the Utah
Mining, Machinery & Supply Co., the Ingersoll-
Sergeant Drill Co., anu Messrs. Victor M. Braschi
& Co., so that they are all no doubt well equipped
and eager for business.
The miners at Antrim. Pa., voted against a
sympathetic strike in support of the men who are
out in the Morris Run district.
COAL EXPORTS AT HUMBER PORTS.
The Humber river is one of the chief outlets
for the export coal trade of England. The Humber
penetrates far into the interior, and its tributaries
and canals offer unsurpassed lires of communication
to the coil mines of Lancashire and
Southwestern Yorkshire. Where there is no
water communication the numerous railroads
serve as carriers from the mines to the ports.
Within the area tributary to the Humber river
ports it is estimated that there are 40,000,000,000
tons of marketable coal yet to be mined. Hull is
the largest receiver and exporter of this coal, the
yearly average receipts being about 3,500.000 tons,
about 2.000.000 tons being for home consumption.
Hull also exports about half the amount that
goes abroad from the Humber ports. This coal
is sold here at an average price of $2.65 a ton.
Germany. Netherlands, Russia and Sweden take
•about two-thirds of the shipments, which go
chiefly to the Baltic ports. Hulls exports were
1,564,023 tons in 1903 and 1,581,190 tons in 1904.
Large shipments to the United States in 1903
were due to the anthracite coal strike in Pennsylvania.
When that was settled the amount fell
back to its former level. With its large exports
Hull has naturally availed itself of the latest inventions
for shippirg coal. Brought in directly
from the coal mines on tracks laid alongside the
docks, the loaded cars are hoisted bodily to the
proper height, the coal dumped into a chute, and
the cars run back on an elevated track.
COAL AREA OF THE GLOBE.
The British Royal commission on coal supplies
cites M. Loze's estimate of the coal areas of the
world still unworked. The table is as follows:
Sq. Miles.
China 232,500
United States '. 200,000
Canada 65,000
India 35,000
New South Wales 24,000
Russia in Europe 20.000
United Kingdom 12,000
Spain 5,500
Japan 5,000
France 2,500
Austria-Hungary 1,800
Germany 1,700
Belgium 500
Total 605,500
In this statement Siberia, Central Asia and
Africa are omitted, so that the total coal area of
the globe must, it is thought, be at least 800,000
square miles.

A RADICALLY NEW THEORY
ON THE FORMATION OF COAL.
The following paper, prepared by D. S. Prentice,
of Winchester, Ind., presents a radically new
theory on the formation of coal. The arguments
would at least appear specious to the layman and
they are of so original a nature as to be worthy
of perusal as a curiosity in contributory mining
literature, if for no other reason:
Whoever has visited the coal fields in this country
and has seen coal strata varying in thickness
from one or two inches to many feet, and separated
by slate strata, itself saturated, where in
contact with the coal, with the same substance
as the coal itself; if he has stopped to think at
all on the subject, must certainly, to some extent,
have lost faith in the theory that the great trees
or other products of vast primeval forests, could
possibly have gotten into such strata as is now
found in the coal formation.
That stratified rock is always the result of a
fluid deposit, there is no dispute; hence both the
coal and the slate must have been the result of
fluid deposit. Certainly, any scientist who should
undertake to describe any natural process whereby
great forest trees might be reduced to such forms
as the coal strata now occupy, would find an impossible
task. Only rotten wood could be reduced
to strata and rotten wood could not possibly form
coal. But all difficulties immediately disappear
when the investigation conceives these strata of
coal to have been formed from natural oil. He
will then be able to fully account for every fact
which he finds in connection with these deposits,
as well as for all the conditions and constituents
of the coal itself.
This fact alone would seem to be a sufficient
evidence of the oil origin of the coal formations,
for it is conceded by scientists and philosophers
always, unless the concession be barred by a conservative
deference to established educational dogma,
that a theory that will fully explain all the
phenomena connected with any material substance,
must be the true theory, for it has never
been found that two separate and distinct theories
relating to the same subject were each, separately,
capable of explaining all the facts relating.
Ihe writer might here readily show that the
theory of a vegetable, or forest origin for coal
does not at all furnish even a fairly reasonable
explanation of the condition of the coal beds, or of
the character of the coal itself; but in showing how
perfectly the theory of the oil origin of the coal
beds explains all the varied phenomena connected
therewith, the failure of the theory so long
generally accepted, to do so will become so apparent
as to need no farther refutation. The
writer will first undertake to show that we have
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
now, within the range of human observation, every
process of change and every grade of condition of
such changes as takes place between the crude oil,
as now found in nearly all parts of the world, and
the coal of commerce. The commercial grades
of this remarkable natural product are natural
gas, crude oil, refined oil, gasoline, benzine, coal
or gas tar, asphalt, soft coal, many grades, and
anthracite coal. The Island of Trinidad contains
an asphaltic lake of about 100 acres area, of unknown
depth, i-i which there are four oil springs
in constant flow and the asphalt of commerce
furnished by this lake is, unquestionably, formed
from this oil. from the springs shoreward is
found every grade of density from crude oil at
the spring to the hard asphaltum of commerce
near the shore. This change in the oil has evidently
been produced by the sun's rays evaporating
the more volatile parts and leaving the denser
particles of the oil produced at the springs.
So far then there can be no question or dispute,
asphaltum is the product of natural oil. Let us
follow the process of change towards coal still
farther. In the mountainous regions of Nevada
there are several asphaltic mines, differing only
from the asphalt of Trinidad lake in being freer
of dirt and somewhat drier or harder. There are
mines, both of the black and red, the former, if
old enough, would form coal, the latter lignite.
This asphalt is used commercially, after smelting
and thinning with oil, as paints for boilers, smoke
stacks and roofs, and wherever a cheap paint is
wanted. Near the same region a very soft coal
is mined and used as fuel, it melts down, in the
process of combustion, so much as to be very
troublesome, but is too hard to be easily melted
in a kettle, hence is not easily disposed of as
asphaltum and has to go as a cheap soft coal. The
next grade is the ordinary soft coal of commerce.
This also melts to some extent—so as to become
sticky—in the process of combustion. Next the
cannel coal. It was from this coal that the first
kerosene oil was distilled and called coal oil, a
name which still adheres to kerosene. It was
identical in its properties with that distilled from
oil, except the odor was less pronounced.
None of this oil can be found in any known
wood, or wood fiber. How then is it possible that
the coal from which it was first distilled could
have been formed from wood or its residuum?
The nearest substance obtainable from forests
is the spirits of turpentine and this is not from
wood or wood fiber, but is from the pitchy deposit
of the pine, which, when hardened, becomes
rosin and not coal. Anthracite is probably a formation
resulting from a much higher temperature
than is produced by the direct action of the sun's
rays. It is unnecessary to attempt to theorize on

3d THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the manner of its production in this paper.
We have now traced coal formation through its
different stages from the crude oil, and have clearly
shown that all the different stages of change are
now going on within the range of human observation.
But where are the great forests changing
into coals? Who will point them out?
The writer has given the external evidence that
coal is the product of natural gas and oil, the oil
being the product of the gas. The internal evidence
is conclusive. First, all crude oil is
strongly impregnated with sulphur. All coal also
contains sulphur. But no wood or vegetable
growth can be found containing a particle of this
mineral and it can be conclusively shown that
gas and oil are the origin of sulphur. Second,
no wood, wood fiber or wood coal shows any sign
of melting in the process of combination; much
of the eoal of commerce does. Third, wood coal
is much lighter than the wood from which it is
formed and shows even more distinctly than the
wood, the usual growth marks of the timber.
Natural coal is heavy and natural oil grows
heavier all through the process of drying down.
While wood grows constantly lighter during any
known process of converting it into coal. Fourth,
wood burns with a blue tinted smoke.. Natural
gas, oil, asphaltum and coal, all, with a black
smoke, depositing lampblack; and though lampblack
somewhat is produced from pine pitch, none
is produced from the wood itself. Fifth, wood
coal leaves when burned an ash, which is a strong
alkali. Neither anthracite or bituminous coal
ash is an alkali, nor is alkali the product of oil,
gas or coal combustion, but is a principal ingredient
in wood ash.
The writer submits the above as what he believes
to be ample evidence to establish the fact
that oil and gas are the product of nature, from
which have been formed all the world's great deposits
of both asphaltum and coal. That even
the evidences here presentea though certainly conclusive,
unless the facts stated can be overthrown,
will not at once overcome the conservatism of
educational prejudice in many minds, the writer
is aware. But the truth backed by a vast array
of facts, only a part of which have been presented
in this paper, will surely prevail and science, if
not at once, will surely, very soon, proclaim the
truth as here presented. In future papers the
writer proposes to show that natural gas and oil
are also the productive force of that great variety
of remarkable occurrences known as seismic phenomena,
as well as hot springs, geysers and the
alkali deposits of the western plains—the latter
indirectly. The proofs of these will be found,
nearly or quite, as conclusive evidence that this
most valuable, though recently utilized product of
nature, has been and still is, the principal source
of the great changes in the earth's surface, as the
evidence above furnished proves that it is the
source, or substance from which coal has been
deposited.
FATAL ACCIDENT DUE TO
VIOLATION OF MINING LAW.
State Mine Inspector James Epperson, of Indiana,
has filed his report on the recent disaster
at Princeton, in that state, in which seven men
were killed and five others badly hurt. Mr. Epperson
finds that there was gross violation of the
law by two persons—Harry Target, shot firer, who
was killed by the shot which he fired, and Roscoe
Hedrick, who prepared the shot for firing, but
who survived the explosion. Mr. Epperson 'finds
that the shot prepared by Hedrick was in direct
violation of the law, in that it was placed in a
solid bank of coal having no "loose end." This
"loose end" is a technical mining term, indicating
that, at one end of the bank or other, there must
be space for the coal displaced by the shot. Where
there is no "loose end," a shot fired in the solid
bank cannot force the coal to either side, and
must shoot backward out of the hole drilled for
it, igniting gases or the coal dust in the mine.
The fire, of course, consumes the oxygen of the
air, and generates poisorous gases. The report
recommends that Hedr'ck be held for trial for violating
the law. The penalty is a fine of not less
than $5, or more than $100, or imprisonment from
30 to 60 days in the county jail.
In the case of Jennings, the Indiana appellate
court recently decided that a man, employed for
the express purpose of going into dangerous places
and making them safe, cannot recover damages
from an employer if he is injured, because he has
voluntarily encountered the dangers. In this
case, Jennings was a "jerryman" in the Ingall coal
mine, near Evansville, and was employed to take
down loose slate from the roof of a mine. He was
injured by falling slate, after he had removed the
props for the purpose of making it fall, and
brought suit for $10,000 damages. The appellate
court held, for the ground above stated, that he
could not recover. This decision wou'd apply
directly in the case of the shot firer who was
killed in the Princeton case.
The Lackawanna county court has refused to
allow a transfer to the federal courts of the case
of M. J. Shea, on the result of which depends the
validity of the law requiring that anthracite miners
must have two years' experience in the mines
of the state before being permitted to cut coal.

OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF
THE HECLA COKE TRANSFER.
By the purchase of the properties of the Hecla
Coke Co., the official announcement of which was
made a few days ago, the H. C. Frick Coke Co.
obtains practically the full control of the strictly
Connellsville coke production. None of this coke
goes to interests outside of the steel corporation.
'I'he purchase of the Hecla properties gives the
Frick company 1,072 ovens and 17,000 acres of
valuable coking coal and increases its number of
ovens to 16,417 ovens out of a total of 23,109 ovens.
Besides operating its own ovens the Frick company
has a long-term contract for the production
of the 1,019 ovens of the Oliver & Snyder Co. and
has purchased the output of several small independent
concerns in the region. The Frick company
also owns 2,248 ovens in the lower Connellsvile,
or Klondike region, which belonged to the
American Steel & Wire Co. and the Illinois Steel
Co., and were taken over in April, 1903. The
Frick company recently added to its holdings in
the Connellsville field, 1,070 acres of valuable coking
coal land which was bought from J. B. Thompson
and his associates. The Hecla Coke Co. is
being operated as a subsidiary company of the
H. C. Frick Coke Co., and Thomas Lynch, president
of the Frick company, has been made president
of the Hecla company.
ROYAL COMMISSION'S REPORT ON
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
COKE AND BRIQUETTE MAKING.
The following is the report of the British Royal
commission on coal supply, on the manufacture of
coke and briquettes:
"In the industry of the manufacture of coke by
far the most important step in recent times has
been the introduction of the by-product recovery
ovens. The prejudice against coke made in these
ovens lasted long, but is being gradually overcome.
It is found that by careful quenching, the
difficulty as to color can be to a large extent obviated,
while chemical analysis and practical experience
show little or no difference between the
coke made in these and other forms of oven. That
there is still a large margin for the further introduction
of these recovery ovens is shown by the
fact that in 1902 only 10 per cent, of the total output
of coke was obtained from them.
"The production of coke as it is extensively carried
on in this country, without full utilization of
the volatile products, is condemned by all the
witnesses. In the best modern practice these
products are either burnt in flues around the ovens,
or are separated in cooling into liquids and gases,
me latter of which are used for heating the ovens
themselves. The surplus gas can be used for the
production of power under steam boilers, or with
greater advantage in gas engines. Coke-oven gas
is a rich gas, approximating to illuminating, and
f_r richer than producer gas.
"The importance of the extended adoption of
coking cannot be exaggerated. It is one of the
methods by which small coal can be rendered
marketable, and in some districts it has reduced
the waste by furnishing the collieries with an outlet
for the small coal, without which outlet it is
doubtful whether they could have been carried on.
"Hitherto the manufacture of briquettes has
been mainly confined to South Wales, where the
small coal made in the screening and in the transit
of the best steam coal is mixed with eight to
10 per cent, of pitch and converted into briquettes.
Large quantities of similar small steam coal are
exported to the continent for the same purpose.
Of the value of these briquettes as a fuel there is
no doubt, and they are extensively purchased by
the royal navy as a reserve stock in hot climates,
where they are said to deteriorate less than Welsh
coal. In England and Scotland briquettes are seldom
made, probably because there is a good market
for small coal. There is, however, every reason
to anticipate that in the future they will be
more largely used for steam and domestic purposes,
and there appears to be a good field for the
discovery of a suitable binding material, pitch,
which is the chief binder used at present, being
rather too smoky for domestic purposes, and also
high in price.
"The evidence points to the conclusion that a
suitable briquette plant, if well managed, should
pay in connection with a colliery; at present the
briquette factories in this country are mostly
situated at or near docks. Suggestions have been
made that partial distillation, in addition to washing
and cleaning, would give a much wider choice
of material for the manufacture of first-class briquettes,
and that coal and oil might be used in
combination so as to form briquettes of good calorific
value out of inferior coal."
GROWTH OF SOUTHERN COAL OUTPUT.
The growth of the production of coal in the
states South of the Mason and Dixon line is
shown by the following table:
1890. 1900. 1904.
Virginia 784,000 2,393,704 3,500,000
West Virginia.. .7,394,600 22,647,200 30,500,000
Tennessee 2,169,500 3,509,500 4,750,000
Kentucky 2,701,400 5,328,900 7,095,000
Alabama 4,090,400 8,394,200 11,252,000

-10 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS. •
The changeableness of April weather has no
doubt been responsible for the manifold changes
of front shown by some of the papers toward
certain coal interests during the "fickle month."
ihe alternate roasts and eulogiums would have
interested and amused those toward whom they
were directed if the latter could have spared time
from signing contracts to read them.
—o—
The Guntersville, Ala., Democrat makes the following
frank statement regarding the coal produced
in that locality: "The coal we are using is
peculiar. It has too much iron in it to be tit for
slate, and too much slate to smelt it as iron. It
has served the only purpose to which it can be put.
It has been sold."
—o—
The United States supreme court's decision on
the New York ten-hour law consigns to the limbo
of things which have no right to exist, one more
restriction and coercive measure whose principal
effect has been to destroy individual liberty of
action.
—o—
Not content with proving that he is the archenemy
of labor, the journals devoted to the cause
of the workingman are even endeavoring to prove
—and with a considerable measure of success, too—
that Eugene Debs is not even an honest socialist.
—o—
Despite all the "bear" movements brought into
action in the Pittsburgh vein district at the turning
of the spring tide, the Western Pennsylvania
coal market is in the best shape it has ever been
in under normal conditions.
—o—
Coke consumers who are holding back on last
half contracts may review with profit the outcome
of the waiting game played so unsuccessfully last
fall by coal buyers who refused honest and friendly
advice.
—o—
Mr. Schwab's conquest of Russia is what his
friends the newspapers would aptly term a "scoop."
Nova Scotia Mining Report.
The report of Edwin Gilpin, Jr., chief inspector
of mines for Nova Scotia, covering the year ending
September 30, 1904, states that the production
of coal was 5,247,135 tons, an increase of 2,112
tons over the preceding year. The production by
districts was as follows: Cumberland, 631,604;
Pictou, 654,008; Cape Breton, 3,660,000; other districts,
301,523 tons. 'Ihe number of days worked
varied in the different mines from 140 to 297, the
average being 223 days for the year. The number
of persons employed at the mines was 11,659
in all. The total number of persons killed by
accident was 27, or 2.„2 per thousand. The number
of injured was 80, or 6.90 per thousand.
The total number of days' work reported was
3,167,092. The number of casualties was, therefore:
Killed, 0.009; injured, 0.025; total, 0.034
per 1,000 days' work. The most serious accident
during the year was the fire at the Joggins, in
Cumberland county. 1 he fire started on the main
slope about 70 feet above the 3,100-foot level, and
made it necessary to flood the entire section of
the mine. The fire was extinguished, but it required
considerably over a month to pump the
water out, and it was necessary to clean out the
slopes and levels, and to re-timber a considerable
portion of the slope.
The total shipments of Nova Scotia coal reported
were as follows: To New Brunswick, 414,-
537 tons; Newfoundland, 127,138; Prince Edward
Island, 80,141; Quebec. 1,730,948; United States,
713,170; other countries, 83,082; total shipments,
4,544,609 tons. In addition to these shipments
80,811 tons were sold to colliery workmen and
others at the mines, and 36^398 tons, or seven
per cent, of the total mined, were used in operating
the collieries. Mining machines operated by
compressed air, have been in use at the Vale colliery,
in Pictou county, and it is understood that
others are to be introduced. At the Drummond
colliery, also in Pictou county, coal-picking belts
with patent conveyors are now being used with
success. The four largest operators in Nova Scotia
are: Dominion Coal Co., 3,117,648 tons; Nova
Scotia Steel & Coal Co., 492,604; Cumberland Railway
& Coal Co., 489,687; Acadia Coal Co., 325,837
tons, mined in 1904.
RULING AFFECTING RIVER COAL SHIPPERS.
Judge J. A. Evans, of the common pleas court
of Allegheny county. Pa., recently handed down
a decision of some importance to river coal shippers.
The case was that of the Dilworth Coal Co.,
of Pittsburgh, against the Pittsburgh Construction
Co. In July, 1903, some barges of the coal
company broke away and lodged against false work
at Port Perry, where the construction company
was building a bridge. In removing the barges
the employes destroyed them and the coal company
sued to recover. A non-suit was allowed,
and in refusing to take it off Judge Evans says
the burden is on the plaintiff to show the destruction
was unnecessary and that the testimony
of the plaintiff does not show negligence on the
part of the defendant.

•
i,.........,,,,,....,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
THE PULSE OF
Continued industrial prosperity, nearly normal
transportation facilities, the opening of the lake
shipping season and the beginning of the fulfilment
of summer contracts have placed the general
coal market on a firm basis. In the Western bituminous
trade all grades are stronger with prices
generally firmer, the only weakness being in Illinois
and Indiana coals, of which the supply continues
to exceed the demand. The surplus stocks
of Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia coals
are pretty well cleaned up and some grades of
these are rather scarce. In the Southwest the
conditions are better than at any time within the
last year and quotations are being well maintained.
In the lake region trade is booming and
large cargoes are already in motion. The opening
of lake navigation was somewhat later than
was expected a month ago but the delay has not
been serious. Arrangements have been made
among lake shippers whereby last year's prices
of $2.10 for cargo coal and $2.50 for fuel coal will
be maintained despite the "bear" influences which
have been persistently at work. Considerable
improvement is shown in the production of the
Tennessee and Alabama fields and the effects of
the recent labor troubles are fast disappearing.
The furnace companies are operating on the "open
shop" basis throughout and are finding no difficulty
in obtaining all the labor required. Many
new operations are reported. A continued increase
in production is being made in West Virginia
as a result of improved rail haulage facilities
and operations will be extended as rapidly as
the railroads are able to handle the output. Two
more rises in the Ohio have served to clear the
tributary river pools of all loaded craft and to
replace the latter with empties. The first of these
rises found the shippers largely unprepared and
less than 4,000,000 bushels were sent out from
Pittsburgh. The later shipment, however, totalled
about twice that amount, the majority of
it going out in one day and creating a new record.
The steadily increasing demand in the Pittsburgh
district, coupled with the beginning of heavy lake
shipments, has served to stimulate production and
practically all of the mines in the district are
working. Prices are very firm, with basic quotations
of $1.05 to $1.10 for run-of-mine.
The coke market is much easier with a prospect
of production being curtailed in the near future.
The car supply in the Connellsville region is good
and the figures on shipments have taken another
rise within the last fortnight. Production continues
unchanged up to this time. In the South-
THE MARKETS. [
TT*. ....... ................................ IH
ern field the production has been materially increased,
but not sufficiently so to meet the local
demand. West Virginia continues to supply the
difference and the production in this field is still
near the maximum point. Prices for No. 1 Connellsville
furnace have fallen off and the current
quotation for spot is $1.90 to $2.00. There are
no reliable quotations for last half furnace as
both buyers and sellers are holding back. Foundry
continues to command from $2.70 to $3.25,
according to quality.
The Eastern soft coal market is somewhat less
firm owing to large speculative shipments which
have not been disposed of, and to the lower quotations
on anthracite. The closing of contracts
continues and contract prices are fairly well maintained.
Trade in the far East is quiet. Large
arrivals are reported but on account of slow loading
at some discharging ports and of delay in unloading
at the Eastern ports, there has been a considerable
stiffening of prices. Trade along the
sound is quiet, as consumers are taking only
enough to keep them running. New York harbor
trade shows more coal at tidewater shipping ports
than can be placed. All-rail trade is slightly
weaker than it has been, and tonnage going forward
does not seem to be quite so large. Transportation
from mines to tide is excellent, and the
car supply is well up to the demands. Vessels in
the coastwise market are not in as good supply as
they have been, on account of weather conditions.
The anthracite market is practically featureless
but the tonnage for the month was very large.
Practically all of the mines are working full time
and the car and transportation facilities are good.
The eagerness to stock up, shown during February
and March, has fallen off somewhat but the general
market conditions are satisfactory with prices
firm and steady.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, report
that the market remains unaltered, with quotations
as follows: Best Welsh steam coal, $3.42;
seconds, $3.30; thirds, $3.06; dry coals. $3.00; best
Monmouthshire. $3.00; seconds. $2.94; best small
steam coal, $2.34; seconds, $2.22; other sorts, $2.04.
Ten feet below the earth's surface a vein of anthracite
coal has been discovered near Royer, Blair
county, Pa. Some of the coal was taken out and
burned, and found to be of excellent quality. The
extent of the vein has not been ascertained.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
IMPORTANT CONTRACT RULING
BY ILLINOIS APPELLATE COURT.
The appellate court of the state of Illinois has
handed down an important decision in the case of
the Consolidated Coal Co. of St. Louis, appellants.
vs. Jones & Adams Co., appellee, in which two interesting
points are ruled upon. The suit was
based on a contract made by Jones & Adams to
furnish the Consolidated Coal Co. for a period of
nine months, beginning July 1, 1902, a minimum
of 125 tons of coal a day and a maximum of 200
tons a day, at 95 cents per ton for lump and 85
cents per ton for mine-run, f. o. b. at the mines.
According to the evidence the amount furnished
fell far short of the amount ordered, and coal sold
much higher during the scarcity caused by the
great anthracite strike of 1902. The appellant
offered the contract as evidence and also introduced
evidence to show a breach of contract and
the market prices of coal during the period the
defaults in delivery were alleged to have occurred.
The lower court construed the contract as an
option contract and void as to all in excess of
125 tons. This holding is pronounced an error
by the appellate court. In response to the insistence
by appellee that its failure to deliver the
coal according to contract was due to the lack of
cars and that it was the duty of appellant under
the contract to furnish cars upon which to load the
coal, the appellate court decides that the claim is
not well founded, as evidenced by letters and telegrams
introduced. The contract is silent as to
who is to furnish the cars.
The written opinion goes into all phases of the
matter, discusses the law as construed in former
decisions of the supreme court of Illinois and other
states, and concludes with the statement: "We
are of opinion that the evidence adduced by appellant
establishes a prima facie case and that
the trial court erred in directing a verdict for the
defendant. It follows that the judgment predicated
thereon must be reversed and the cause remanded
for another trial."
RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF THE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE REGION.
The purchase of coal land and the erection of
coking plants in both the upper and lower Connellsville
region at the present time has almost
reached the proportions of the great Klondike
boom five years ago, which marked the development
of the lower Connellsville region. The erection
of 1.000 ovens by the H. C. Frick Coke Co.
in the upper region is the largest operation undertaken
this year, and a number of these ovens have
already been fired, while the remainder will be
placed in operation in a few weeks. The comple­
tion of these ovens makes a total of 30,023 ovens
in the Connellsville region, and before the end of
the year this will be increased by more than 1,000
now under construction and projected.
The Republic Iron & Steel Co. recently awarded
contracts for the erection of 400 ovens in the
lower Connellsville region, while the Taylor Coal
& Coke Co.. of Cleveland, will erect 500, the contract
for 150 having already been let. The Connellsville
Central Coke Co., Pittsburgh, has 50
ovens additional under construction, and contemplates
the erection of 200 more, making a plant
of 400 ovens. Smaller operations include the
erection of 40 ovens by the Century Coke Co. and
80 by the A. L. Keister Coke Co. At the present
time four independent iron and steel concerns,
operating blast furnaces, are seeking coking coal
properties in the Connellsville region, and there
is every indication that prices will soon advance
to $1,500 an acre. The Hibbs property, for which
$1,200 an acre was paid, was purchased 10 years
ago at $75 an acre, and this is a fair example of
the increase in the value of coking coal property
in this region in recent years. The" coal property
recently purchased by the Jones & Laughlin Steel
Co., Pittsburgh, near Brownsville, Pa., and which
is outside of the Connellsville region, averaged
about $330 an acre, for a total of 9,000 acres.
The H. C. Frick Coke Co. is aiming to strengthen
further its holding in the Connellsville region by
acquiring developed properties. The Lackawanna
Steel Co.. Buffalo, is also quietly negotiating for
coal lands in the Connellsville region, as it is now
practically securing all its coke from this district,
being the largest independent consumer of
Connellsville coke in the country. It is altogether
probable that this conipany will acquire coal property
in the lower region, and will coke it at its
own ovens in Buffalo.
The lower Connellsville region, which was practically
unknown five or six years ago, is now producing
over 80,000 tons of coke weekly and has a
total of 6,742 ovens. Almost all of the new developments
among the independent producers is in
this region, and outside of the additions of the
H. C. Frick Coke Co., all of the new operations are
being carried out in this field.
There is always a brisk demand for old coal
mines in England. Some are utilized by shotmakers,
who find them cheaper than towers. Many
of the shallower pits are used for growing rhubard.
mushrooms and similar vegetables.
The production of anthracite during February
was 3,922,601 tons and for the first two months of
this year it was 8,331,179 tons. For the corresponding
periods of 1904 the tonnage was respectively
4,326,269 and 8,460,544.

INTERNATIONAL STEAM PUMP CO.
NAMES GENERAL SALES MANAGER.
At a recent conference of the branch offices sales
managers and the general officers of the International
Steam Pump Co., the announcement was
made that Mr. F. H. Jones, formerly manager of
the air compressor department, would assume the
duties of general sales manager and take up the
organization of a comprehensive and thoroughly
co-ordinated general sales department, similar to
those recently organized by several of the large
corporations. The International Steam Pump Co.
controls the business of Henry R. Worthington,
having new and extensive works at Harrison, N.
J.; the George F. Blake Manufacturing Co.. and
the Knowles Steam Pump Works, located at East
Cambridge, Mass.; the Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Co.,
whose manufacturing plant is at Cincinnati, 0.;
the Snow Steam Pump Works and the Holly Manufacturing
Co., both located at Buffalo, N. Y.; the
Deane Steam Pump Co., of Holyoke, Mass., and
the Clayton Air Compressor Works, of Brooklyn.
N. Y. These plants supply a large percentage of
the pumping machinery used in this country, including
water-works pumping engines, steam
pumps, centrifugal pumps, vacuum pumps, air
compressors, jet, surface and elevated condensers,
cooling towers, feed-water heaters, marine pumping
apparatus, water meters, and many other
types of hydraulic and pneumatic machinery.
The appointment of Mr. Jones to the general
managership of the consolidated sales department
follows his successful experience of five years as
manager of the air compressor and power pump
departments, and in charge of special government
work for this company. Mr. Jones is a graduate
of Cornell university class of 1880, and immediately
after leaving school entered this branch of work,
engaging in the manufacturing, selling and sales
management of pumping apparatus up to the present
time.
THE GERMAN FACTORY SYSTEM.
In view of the widespread discussion over the
employment of child labor in collieries the following
information concerning the German factory
system is of interest. The German factory system
is governed by rigid rules, the most stringent
of which are those affecting children and women;
and herein the state clearly has in view the interests
of the community, as represented by the
employed. Children may not be employed under
the age of thirteen, and at that age only if they
are no longer liab'e to attend school, a condition
which is decided by the school inspector. For
such children—that is, those from thirteen to fourteen
years old—the hou-rs are limited to six a day.
with half an hour's interval for meals.
At fourteen boys and girls may go into the fac­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
tory in large numbers; but up to sixteen they are
called "young persons" or (together with those
under fourteen) "youthful workers" and are subject
to special regulations. The number of "young
persons" employed at the last census was 325,912.
They may not be employed for more than ten
hours a day, nor on Sundays and holidays, nor
during the hours appointed for religious instruction,
for confirmation, confession and communion,
nor in certain specified trades; their working day
must not begin earlier than 5:30 a. m., nor contine
lated than 8:30 p. m.; they must have
an hour's pause at midday, and half an hour both
in the forenoon and in the afternoon, unless their
working day is not more than eight hours, and
no continuous spell exceeds four hours. During
the pauses any participation in the work of the
factory is forbidden, and even to remain in the
rooms is allowed only when their own department
of the work is brought to a complete standstill
or it is impossible for them to go elsewhere.
Women must not be employed between 8:30
p. m. and 5:30 a. m.; on Saturday or on the eve of
a holy day they must not be employed after 5:30
p. m. Their daily hours of employment must not
exceed eleven on ordinary days or ten on Saturday
and on the eve of a holy day. They must have
at least an hour's pause at midday, and those who
have a household to look after may claim an extra
half hour. The number of women Over sixteen
employed at the last census was 847,386,
Brennen & Woodburn Coal & Coke Co., Pittsburgh;
capital, $200,000; incorporators, S. D.
Livengood, C. B. Burston, Hugo Lorentz, H. F.
Woodburn, P. J. Brennen, James Murtha, Frederick
Rowe and George Keitzer. The company will
operate 5,000 acres in Preston county, W. Va.,
about 15 miles South of Uniontown, in the region
now being opened up by the Wabash railroad.
— I —
St. Clair Colliery Co., Eagle, W. Va.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, Louis W. Atkinson, Houghton
A. Robson, Laura P. Atkinson, Lewis Prichard
and P. M. Flournoy.
—H
Puritan Coal Co., Cambridge, O.; capital, $30,-
000; incorporators William A. Lucas, Lloyd B.
Birney, Oscar V. Wells, Jeremiah M. Valentine and
Robert yJ. Joiles.
i
Halley Coal Co., Etna, O.; capital, $20,000; incorporators,
David Halley. Morgan Evans, I. W.
Allord, G. S. Morgan and D. D. Davis.
— f —
Central Cahaba Coal Co., Montgomery, Ala.;
capital, $18,000; incorporators, J. J. Cahalan, W. T.
Dillon, D. H. Brown.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
A recent edition of the United Mine Workers'
Journal contained the following editorial: "In
one year from now about every contract held by
the United Mine Workers will be on the eve of
dissolution. It behooves every mine worker to
prepare for that event. If they are prepared,
everything will go along peacefully, but if they
are lulled into a false security and permit themselves
to be caught napping they will regret it to
the day of their death. Attend the meetings,
devise plans, lay up a fund, in a word be prepared
for war, and you will have peace. The
Japanese war illustrates the principle of being
prepared, knowing your ground, the strength of
your antagonist, his weaknesses and vulnerable
points and having everything in readiness to meet
every situation as it arises. Now is the hour
and the opportunity. Are you awake to the situation
or will next April find you as the Russians
were found—unprepared, overestimating yourselves
and underestimating your opponent? The results
will be the same, so avoid them now and have
no cause for regret a year hence."
• • •
Warrants were issued on April 16 for the arrest
of two more members of the miners' examining
board in the Hazleton, Pa., district, on the
charge of issuing fraudulent miners' certificates.
District President Dettrey of the United Mine
Workers says his investigation has disclosed the
fact that more than 1,000 fraudulent certificates
have been issued and sold since January 1. The
case of John Schaleen, on which rests the validity
of the law requiring the possession of certificates
by anthracite miners, was argued before the superior
court at Pittsburgh on April 25. Schaleen
was employed as a coal miner, but did not have
a certificate from the miners' examining board,
having previously been employed in Illinois. A
jury found him guilty of a violation of the act
and he was fined $100. An appeal was then taken
to the higher court.
* * *
It is estimated that the sliding scale was directly
responsible for the addition of $3,500,000
to the earnings of the anthracite mine workers
during the year. During ten of the twelve
months of the year the mine workers received
advances in their wages amounting to from one
to seven per cent. In the month of December,
alone, the increase of wages, based on the operation
of the sliding scale, amounted to nearly half
a million dollars, and in January it was only a
few thousands less. It is estimated that the
total earnings of anthracite miners in 1904 exceeded
$80,000,000.
* * *
Charles P. Neill, anthracite sliding sca'e commissioner,
has notified President Nichols, of District
No. 1, United Mine Workers, that the price
of coal at tidewater during March was $4.75, and,
according to the award of the anthracite coal
strike commissioners, the miners were entitled to
an increase of five per cent, in their wages. This
is a decrease of one per cent, from February.
* * *
The miners of the Beaver valley section of the
Pittsburgh district have refused to ratify the
scale arranged for them at a conference between
the operators' representatives and President Patrick
Dolan and Secretary William Dodds, of the
Pittsburgh district miners' organization. The
scale was arranged on a basis of 32 cents per car.
The men had asked for 35 cents per car.
* * *
The advance in wages granted recently in the
Latrobe, Pa., field averages about 12 per cent., the
new scale being as follows: Mining room coal,
42 cents; driving headings, 49 cents; drivers, per
day, $2.40; laborers, per day, $1.60; leveling, 11 3-5
cents; drawing ovens, 95 cents.
* • •
Officers of Alabama district No. 20. United Mine
Workers, report that there has been no change,
recently, in the situation in that district. They
admit that no gains have been made by the
strikers, many of whom have gone to other localities.
* * *
By reason of having made a number of new and
large contracts, thereby necessitating a larger production,
the Pittsburgh & Buffalo Co. is preparing
to extend operations and will shortly employ about
100 more miners than at present.
• • *
The strike of the coal miners at the United
States Coal & Oil Co.'s plant at Holden, in Logan
county, W. Va., has been declared off. But few of
the old miners will be able to secure work.
The shareholders of the Dominion Coal Co. have
authorized the issue of $7,000,000 worth of 35-
year 5 per cent, bonds. Three millions worth of
preferred stock bearing interest at 7 per cent, will
also be issued to take up the present issue of
preferred stock, which bears interest at 8 per cent.

i:i
PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS.
The terms of five mine inspectors in the Penn
sylvania anthracite region will expire this year.
Two of the vacancies have been provided for by
the re-election of the present incumbents, who are
the first to be selected under the new law. They
are John Curran of the Thirteenth district, with
headquarters at Pottsville, and P. C. Fenton, of
the Eleventh district, with headquarters at Mahanoy
City.
By a resolution, passed at a special stockholders'
meeting held April 10, the Colonial Coal & Coke
Co., Keystone building, Pittsburgh, Pa., changed
its corporate name to Old Colony Coal & Coke Co.
The business of the company will be conducted as
heretofore by the same management.
Oklahoma newspapers are advocating the purchase
of the Choctaw and Chickasaw coal lands,
aggregating 500,000 acres, to use as a common
school endowment for the new state. Up to
November 30, last, Oklahoma successfully handled
land endowments yielding $2,495,530.89.
The Fairmont Coal Co. has renewed its contract
to supply the Cincinnati Traction Co. with coal
for the present year. The traction company used
about 300 tons of coal a day. This is the third
year the Fairmont company has secured the contract.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
Belgium has a larger coal area in proportion to
its size than any other country in Europe, or perhaps
in the world. The coal mines of Belgium
are also among the deepest in the world.
The Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co., operating
three mines in Belmont county, O., has contracted
with operators at Irwin, Pa., for 300,000 tons of
coal to help fill lake shipments.
The area known as the Pittsburgh coal seam, in
the Western part of Pennsylvania, and in part of
Ohio, supplies about one-fourth of the coal mined
Coal prospectors in Nevada announce that suffi­ in the United States.
cient coal to meet the needs of the state indefinitely
has been located. A large part of the de­ The governor of Hong Kong has issued another
posits is in the Tonopah district and several open­ proclamation against the exportation of coal, exings
have been made. The coal is said to be a cept "bunker coal," for use on the vessels which
semi-anthracite.
cars at Tonopah.
It sells at $7.50 a ton on the take it aboard.
When Mine Workers Were Bondsmen.
In his "History of Coal Mining." R. W. Galloway
points out that what appear to be traces of a
primitive state of servitude existed in Staffordshire,
England, where the laborers employed in
the haulage of coal continued to be known as
"bondsmen," a name probably coming down from
a remote period, a supposition which receives support
from a pecu'.iar service required of them
known as "buildases." This consisted in working
at times in the morning without receiving any payment
beyond a drink of ale. This custom of exacting
labor without pay is supposed to represent
some ancient service required from their tenants
by the monks of the abbey of Buildwas, in Shropshire,
whence the name was derived.
Adjustment In The Pittsburgh District.
A company capitalized at $500,000 has been
formed by State Senator J. C. Stineman and other
(coal operators and business men of Camb|ria
county. Pa., to develop 3,000 acres of coal land in
the Pocahontas district of West Virginia.
President Patrick Dolan and Secretary William
Dodds, of the United Mine Workers of the Fifth
Pennsylvania bituminous district, will attend meetings
on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday of this
week at Harwick, Mercer and other points in the
Northern section of the district to make final
adjustments and interpretations of features of
scale agreements. Similar meetings were held
A high record in the price of Fayette county. the latter part of last week at Ellsworth and
Pa., coal lands was established recently when a Beaver Falls. There have been a number of local
deal went through for the sale to the Struthers disputes over scale provisions and working rules
Furnace Co., of Struthers, O., of 240 acres of in the Pittsburgh district, lately, and the miners'
coal at $1,200 an acre.
officials have been kept busy effecting settlements,
which has led to the suggestion in the Mine Work­
A new mining district is to be created in Penners Journal that "if the members of the organizasylvania.
It probably will be made up of adjoining
parts of Fayette and Greene counties, to which
possibly, a part of Washington county will be
added.
tion would devote a little more time to studying
the terms of the wage agreement and the laws of
the organization, many of the local differences
that exist might be averted."

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
pj RETAIL TRADE NOTES. O
The Standard Coal Co. was recently incorporated
at Newark. N. J., to deal in coal, with an
authorized capital of $50,000. The incorporators
are Katherine McEnroe. Irving D. Uline and
ueorge O. McCall, of Newark.
*
Coal dealers of York, Pa., held a meeting, at
which it was decided not to reduce the price of
coal, but it was thought a reduction of 50 cents
would be made about the middle of the month on
the prepared sizes.
The Taylor-Farnham Fuel Co. has been incorporated
at Milwaukee, Wis., with an authorized
capital of $10,000. The incorporators are William
T. Taylor, Wesley F. Farnham and Henry H. Button,
Jr.
The coal business of Mrs. C. K. Blue at Pottsgrove,
Pa., was recently leased by C. H. McMahan
& Bros, and will be conducted by them in connection
with their grain business.
The coal business which has been conducted by
E. Wallace Branaugh at Carthage, N. Y., was recently
sold to W. R. Jones, of Gouverneur, N. Y.,
a former resident of Carthage.
*
The Muskogee Supply & Fuel Co., Muskogee,
Kas., has been incorporated with an authorized
capnal of $50,000. The company will uo a wholesale
wood and coal business.
*
The Western Fuel & Iron Co., of Hotchkiss.
Colo., and the Northern Pacific Fuel & Lumber
Co. have beea granted charters to do business in
Oklahoma.
*
The Monterey Farmers' Elevator Co. was recently
incorporated at Monterey, Minn., for the
purpose of dealing in grain, coal and other fuel.
*
The Alum Creek Ice & Coal Co., of Columbus,
O., has been incorporated with a capital of $90,000
to engage in the retail coal and ice business.
*
Arthur C. Moore, a coal dealer of Lowell, Mass.,
recently filed a petition in bankruptcy, his liabilities
being $32,184 and his assets $7,025.
*
Amos Beamesderfer, of Lebanon, Pa., who re­
cently purchased a coal yard at that place, has
also bought the Karch coal yard.
The price of coal took a drop a few days ago at
Duluth, Minn., and now anthracite is selling at
$7.25 a ton at retail.
*
The Colchester Grain & Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Hartford, Conn., with an authorized
capital of $20,000.
*
The Eastern Coal & Supply Co. has been recently
incorporated at Indianapolis, Ind., to do a
retail business.
*
The Hume, Robertson, Wycoff Co., a coal and
lumber firm of Madison, Neb., suffered a severe
fire loss recently.
*
The Millington Coal Co. has been incorporated
at Everett, Mass., with an authorized capital of
$3,000.
*
The William Krotter Co. has succeeded to the
coal business of William Krotter & Co., at Stuart,
Neb.
*
A. G. Sherwin has sold his coal business at
Sterling, Colo., to the Burton Lumber & Supply
Co.
*
William Clark has purchased the coal and wood
business of August Seigneur, at Auburn, Neb.
*
E. A. Woodman has sold his coal business at
Mahaska, Kas., to the Mahaska Lumber Co.
R. T. Updegraff has sold his coal business to
the Star Lumber Co., at Maple Hill, Kas.
V. Widup has purchased the coal and wood business
of Lafayette Baker, at Oswego, Kas.
*
E. M. Goodrich has sold his coal and feed business
at Boise City, Ida., to A. W. Wicker.
*
The Centerville Coal Co., of Centerville, la.,
has increased its capital stock to $18,000.
Weimer & Cron have sold their coal business at
Rock, Kas., to the Butts Lumber Co.
*
G. M. Lock has sold his coal business at Pendennis.
Kas., to George Young.

Edward Zollinger has engaged in the coal business
at Junction City, Kas.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
The Louisville & Nashville and Southern railway
H. F. Noyes has engaged in the lumber and coal
systems are figuring on constructing from ten to
business at Dresden, Kas.
twenty miles more extension into the coal fields
in Walker county, Ala., and the work is to be
Mrs. J. L. Seigneur has sold her coal business done within the next four or five months. Coal
at South Auburn, Neb.
companies are now preparing to develop on a
large scale, and others who have mines already
established or under way have promised to give
traffic which in time will pay for the construction
proposed.
The title of auditor of coal freight receipts has
been changed by the Pennsylvania lines West to
that of auditor of ore and coal freight receipts.
This office is held by Mr. A. P. Griest, and hereafter
he will be known officially under the new
title. This change is in line with the change
made about a year ago in the title of coal freight
agent to general ore and coal agent of the Pennsylvania
lines, which office is held by Mr. C. F.
Perkins. In addition to the change in the auditing
office, Mr. T. B. Stoaks has been appointed
assistant auditor of ore and coal freight receipts.
Mr. P. R. Odell. formerly auditor's traveling agent,
has been appointed chief clerk to Auditor Griest,
succeeding Mr. Stoakes. The changes became
effective April 1.
The advertising representatives of a large num­
ber of concerns engaged in the manufacture of
machinery and allied industries have formed an
organization to be known as the Technical Publicity
Association. The first annual meeting.
dinner and election of officers was held in the
rooms of the Hardware Club in the Postal Telegraph
building, New York City, on the evening
of April 27, at which an address was delivered by
Mr. E. T. Harris, well known as a broker of
trade and technical journals.
The Taylor Coal & Coke Co., of Uniontown, Pa.,
Mr. J. B. Porter, professor of mining engineer­ will build 150 coke ovens at its new plant, to be
ing at McGill University, Montreal, will take a located near Uniontown.
party of 15 students through the anthracite regions
of Pennsylvania, visiting coal mines in the
—x—
neighborhood of Scranton and Bethlehem, and The Fairmont Coal Co. will spend $250,000 in
also a number of iron mines. The party left opening new mines and increasing the efficiency of
Montreal on April 25.
the old ones.
—x—
Mr. Richard Devens who has for some years
been connected with the European office of the
Brown Hoisting Machinery Co., of Cleveland, has
been appointed manager of the company's New
York office, 26 Cortlandt street, to succeed Mr.
W. A. Stadelman who has resigned.
« CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT. 8
—x—
Plans for the enlargement of the present facilities
of the Kanawha Fuel Co., at Milwaukee, involving
the expenditure of $300,000 for docks and
coal-handling machinery, have been ratified by
officers and stockholders. With the expenditure
of $300,000 the capacity of the company will be
increased 300,000 tons of coal a year, making the
contemplated handling capacity of the Milwaukee
branch of the company 450,000 tons.
—x—
About $150,000 is to be invested by the Lehigh
Valley Coal Co. in an elaborate system of coal
docks, handling apparatus, and pockets on a tract
of about seven acres on the lake front at Milwaukee,
Wis.
—x—
The George's Creek Coal & Coke Co., in addition
to other extensive improvements now well under
way, will build several hundred new coke ovens
next fall.
—x—
The Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Co. is preparing
to open new mines near Ebensburg, Pa., and has
selected a town-site comprising several hundred
acres.
—x—
The Cincinnati Gas & Electric Co. has decided to
build a coal storage house capable of holding 25,000
tons of coal.
Connellsville, Pa., is urging Andrew Carnegie
to establish a school at that place.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE LOGAN COAL CO.
The Logan Coal Co., operating mines at Dunlo
and Beaverdale, Pa., on the South Fork branch
of the Pennsylvania railroad, is making extensive
improvements at its No. 2 mine at Beaverdale
in the way of haulage and equipment. The
lands to be developed comprise a comparatively
regular tract of SOO acres situated East of the
axis of the Wilmore synclinal, having an average
dip of 9 per cent, on a course N. 30 degrees W.,
the course of the strike line being N. 60 degrees E.
The vein worked is the "B" vein known locally
as the "Miller," and runs from 3 feet 6 inches to
4 feet thick. Characteristic of this vein, especially
in that locality, the bottom is very irregular,
the grade in the dip and rise headings often running
as high as 14 to 16 per cent, for short distances,
when it suddenly flattens off to 2 to 4 per
cent. The main heading, for about 2,000 feet, is
driven on a 2 per cent, grade in favor of the
loaded car, after which, to more equally divide
the property, it is driven on an average grade of
1 per cent, in favor of the empty car. The main
heading is driven 9 feet wide and 6 feet high,
the main heading air course being 4%. feet high,
with sufficient width to insure the same area as
the main heading for ventilation purposes. The
dip and rise headings will be about 5 feet high and
wide enough to gob all the bottom dirt it will be
necessary to take up in order to make this height,
with a roadway S feet wide. They will be turned,
as nearly as possible, at right angles to the main
heading and will have an average grade of 9 per
cent, with flat rooms turned off both sides. The
intention is to do away entirely with mule haulage
and also avoid the necessity of taking up so
much bottom for heading height, as well as to reduce
the price of heading work. It has been decided
to use 0000 grooved wire and 30-pound rails
in the main heading and 00 wire and 30-pound
rails in the dip and rise headings.
The company placed a contract with the Goodman
Manufacturing Co., of Chicago, for an electric
haulage plant, which is being installed as fast as
the material arrives. The order includes one 8ton
traction locomotive for hauling on the main
heading and two 3-ton 75 H. P. combination thirdrail
and traction locomotives for hauling in the
dip and rise headings; also a 200-K.W. Goodman
generator wound for 250 volts, direct connected to
a 20 by 22 right-hand McEwen engine made by the
Ridgway Dynamo & Engine Co., which will furnish
power for both No. 2 and No. 6 mines for the
present. The company has one 14 by 16 by 10
by 16 Sullivan compound straight-line air compressor
and is preparing to install another of the
same size, which will supply air to the mining
machines and several pumps. The mining ma­
chines have only lately been introduced in this
mine on account of the prejudice against them,
the very irregular bottom and the extremely heavy
grades to contend with, but they are meeting with
such success that the management has decided to
buy several more machines and in the near future
will mine practically all of the coal by machinery.
In the boiler house there are two 150 H. P. and
one 100 H. P. Erie boilers, connected to a 10-inch
header steam line by 6-inch pipes so arranged that
any boiler can be cut off from the header line at
any time. The present power and boiler house,
a temporary wooden structure, will be replaced
shortly by a much larger fireproof building, with
ample room for the additional machinery that will
be needed in the near future. The present output
of the mine is about 600 tons a day, but with
the increased facilities for handling and cutting
coal it is the intention of the management to raise
the daily output to from 1,000 to 1,200 tons. The
company owns about 200 steel railroad cars of
100,000 pounds capacity each. The mine being
located midway between the towns of Lloydell and
Beaverdale a large majority of the miners live in
private houses although the company has 30
houses for the use of its men and intends to build
more as soon as they are needed. The new equipment
is being installed under the personal supervision
of I. A. Boucher, of Johnstown, Pa., the
president and general manager of the company.
Record of Anthracite Production.
1905. 1904.
January 4,408.578 4,134,245
February 3,922,601 4,326,269
March 5,258,573 4,375,033
April 5,407,786
May 5,285,079
June 5,728,795
July 4,623,527
August 4,331,854
September 3,867,611
October 5,131,542
November 5,419,787,
December 5,063,144
Totals 57,493,522
1903.
5,964,950
5,070,608
5,211,450
5,044,998
5,156,449
5,436,497
5,377,495
5,169,402
4,654,444
3,925,642
4,091,147
4,259,748
,9,362,830
Prof. J. C. Norwood, director of the Kentucky
geological survey, reports that the coal output of
Kentucky for 1904 shows a decrease of 90,000 tons,
compared with 1903. The decrease is accounted
for by the fact that in 1903 the Kentucky fields
were benefited by the strikes in the anthracite
fields of Pennsylvania.

$
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
REMBRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GENX MANAGER. fM
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER. ffl
No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y. s
M
M»1fftfMlfTT*MMtfMf
PEACOCK & KEBB. I
4
TUMINOH!
GOAL*
W

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
COAL TRADE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
The following statement shows the quantities
and value of coal mined in New South Wales in
1904:
District. Quantity. Value.
Northern 4,042,739 $7,057,886
Southern and Southwestern. .1,558,383 2,124,908
Western 418,6S7 525,640
Total 6,019,809 $9,708,434
The foregoing shows a decreased output in
1904, as compared with 1903, of 335,037 tons in
quantity and of $1,580,191 in value. The following
statement shows the quantities of coal ex­
ported from New South Wales in 1904 and the
quantities consumed in New South Wales during
the year:
Whither Exported. Decrease.
Tons. Tons.
Australian ports 1,880,545 150,928
Foreign ports 1,292,322 662,399
Total exports 3,172,867 813,327
Consumed in N. South Wales.2,846,942 «478,290
o—Increase.
The total exports show a decrease of 813,327 tons
as compared with 1903 and the home consumption
an increase of 478,290 tons.
Western Pennsylvania disciples of Izaak Walton
who desire to fish for trout can obtain permits to
whip the streams of the Old Colony Coal & Coke
Co.. by applying at the Ligonier Springs hotel, at
Ligonier.
Colonist Tickets to the West and Northwest
via Pennsylvania Lines.
One-way second-class colonist tickets to Califor­
nia, the North Pacific Coast, Montana and Idaho,
will be sold via Pennsylvania Lines from March
lst to May 15th, inclusive. For particulars apply
to nearest Ticket Agent of those lines. J. K. Dillon,
District Passenger Agent, 515 Park Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
That Morning Appointment
In Wheeling Easily Kept by Going over Pennsyl­
vania Lines.
Only short ride. Parlor car trains leave Pitts­
burgh Union Station 6.50 a. m., and 8.20 a. m.
Central time. Allows the day in Wheeling for
business. Return to Pittsburgh on afternoon or
evening trains. mjl5
FOR SALE.
Five hundred acres South Connellsville cok­
ing coal for sale; vein 9% feet thick, 212 feet
deep. Two railroads through the tract and sur­
rounded by 5,000 ovens in operation; 500 within
one hundred yards of this coal. Six shafts on
Analysis of Coal
Moisture, .32
Volatile
Matter, 33.08
Fixed Car
bon, 57.47
Ash, 9.13
Sulphur, .98
three sides within one quarter mile;
two shafts less than 200 feet from
this coal. One half mile frontage on
Monongahe'a river. A fine grade
of coking coal. Inquire of
A. R. STRUBLE,
Masontown, Fayette, Co., Pa.
©to Colony Coal & (Lobe Co.
Ike^stone Building, flMttsburgb, fl>a.
ligonier Steam Coal
ilDines
(ifiounOsville (5ae Coal
ConnellsviUe Coke.
Oligomer, pa., fl\ IR. IR.
/IDounosvtlle, TO. IPa., B. & 1R. IR.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
jffiiiwiwiiiiMiMiwmiwiwimiimiimiimiimmmmMiiiwmMmiiimimmimmmmiwim^
| GEORGE /. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. |
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED
FricK Building,
E BELL x,, ese coURT. — ^ PITTSBURGH, PA. |
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: GREENSBURG, PA.
•THE-
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
"i C B
"POCAHONTAS"
.SMOKELESS^
^sCOAL
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THK CKLKBBATED C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKRLESS COAL,
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, ns the United States Geological Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
C. C. B. Pocahontas Smokeless
POCAHONTAS
TRADE MARK REGISTERED
Is the only American Coal that has been Officially indorsed by the
Governments of Great Britain, Germany and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United Slates Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN & BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
MAIN OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 SO. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BRANCH OFFICES :
1 Bno.ow.v NEW YORK CITV. NEW YORK. OLD COLON, BUILD,NO. CH.CAOO. III. NEAVE BU,LO.NO, CINCINNATI. OH,O
CITIZENS' BANK BU.LDINO. NORFOLK. VA. 126 STATE STREET. BOSTON. MASS TERRY BU.LO.NO. ROANOKE. VA.
EUROPEAN AGENTS ;
HULL. BLYTH &. COMPANY, 4 FENCHURCH AVENUE, LONDON, E. C. ENGLAND.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
r\s IA
Ciiiiwi COIL COHPMT.
(INCORPORATED.)
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. & L. E., ERIE, L. S. & M. S.
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NO.. CARNEGIE 70.
L/l i\J
LUHRIG
GOAL
MINES LARGE. NO SLACK. NO SLATE. NO CLINKER.
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
MINED ONLY BY
THE LUHRIG COAL CO.
LONG DISTANCE MAIN 309 PHONE FOURTH AND PLUM STREETS,
CINCINNATI, — . _. _ ....... _. OHIO.
_ , . . _.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
j V.
ARTHUR BROCK, President, Lebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburg, Pa.
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, Latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
. . . OF . . .
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
.. AND ..
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUS
SOUTH FORK, \\ " A R G Y L E " 1 PENNSYLVANIA.
O A
SMOKELESS
C n A V
r

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
lAiAAAAiAAAAAAAiAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAlAAAAAAAiAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAi
SUPERIOR COAL & COKE COMPANY,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
SUPERIOR STEAM COAL
AND
CONNELLSVILLE COKE.
General Offices: LATROBE, PA.
•TVTTTTTTTTTTVTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTyTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
tr = DCT = ^
!
STEAM COAL
and
CONNELLSVILLE COKE, K-
MINED AND SHIPPED BY THE
SAXMAN COAL & COKE COMPANY,
. . . LATROBE, PA. . . .
LATROBE. PA..
PRODUCES AND SHIPS
STEAM COAL OF FINEST QUALITY
AND MANUFACTURERS
BEST CONNELLSVILLE COKE.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
J. Im. SPANCLER, JOS. H. REILLY, Jos. E. CAMPBELL, V
PRESIDENT. V. PREST. & TREAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan =Spangler Coal Company
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL.
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
. OFFICES : j
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
^j SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA.
r\s IA
ACME COAL MINING CO
CELEBRATED
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES:
SX,IGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. B. B.
GENERAL OFFICES : GREENSBURG, PA.
L/J I\J

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
CONNELLSVILLE
FURNACE pni/r
FOUNDRY h ag K r
I W W W W V W W V W W W
CRUSHED U U 11 •••
GENERAL OFFICES: - - - - GREENSBURG, PA.
| LIGONIER COAL COMPANY, |
; LATROBE, PA. ;
| l\lGH QRADE3TEAM QDI\L \
\ e©NNELLSYILLE 60KE. I
United Coal Company
* of PittsbuT^h-Penna *
MINES ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, SECOND POOL; PITTSBURGH & LAKE ERIE
RAILROAD; BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD AND PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
New York Office .
Whitehall Building;.
General Offices:
BanK For Saving's Building,
PITTSBURGH, PA. Philadelphia Office:
Westmoreland Gas Coal
Youghio^heay Gas &SteamCoal
Pennsylvania Building.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
PURITAN COAL MINING CO.,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
(D
4
(
PURITAN AND CRESCENT
. BITUMINOUS COALS,
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS,
26 South 15th Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
No. 1 Broadway,
NEW YORK.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OV
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
AND
LTORSESLTOE COAL,
(MILLER VEIN.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, PA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS GOAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers Bank Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
b

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal.
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. & P. R. R., B. & O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO LOUIS P. NEWMAN, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
Z-S ^
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mloes: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
s-z r
GENERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Vol. XII. PITTSBURGH, PA., MAY 15, 1905. No. 12.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH.
Copyrighted by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY, 1U04
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
II. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION - - - - $2 00 A YEAR.
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THK COAL THADK COMPANY.
926-030 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Long Distance Telephone 2D0 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE tour of inspection being made by the
rivers and harbors committee ot congress, from
the source to the mouth of the Ohio, should and
probably will be the last requirement of the kind
needed to bring this long-wanted improvement
into existence. The trip was not planned to
show the great necessity for making this splen­
did water highway available at all times; that
would be an insult to the intelligence of the
most obtuse of national legislators. The object
is to convince the members of the committee of
the extreme urgency of this necessity, of the
extreme danger to the country at large from
further delay and of the fact that no other
economic question before congress possesses half
the vital and national importance of that of a
permanently open roadway from Pittsburg to the
gulf of Mexico. With an annual tonnage already
the largest in the world, under conditions fraught
with heavy expense and a constant danger to life
and property not exceeded under any transporta­
tion system on the globe, the maximum carrying
capacity of the Ohio has been reached. To do
more under present conditions is practically im­
possible, but with the desired expenditure for
improvements the possibilities are almost limit­
less. Without improvements there can be no ex­
pansion for the greatest freight-producing center
on the globe. Without expansion decay must
inevitably set in and that speedily. Already the
Southern states are heavy sufferers on amount
of the lack of regular transportation facilities
on the upper Ohio. Pittsburg business interesis
and particularly those identified with coal hav.>
been sufferers for years. These interests have
a great duty to perform and they have reached
the limit of capacity. The opening of the Panama
canal will vastly increase their destined task.
Unless they are aole to meet the added require­
ments progress must stop and retrogression set
in. Unless they alone are equal to the occasion
it cannot be met. Retrogression in a district so
vast and so important industrially, means na­
tional industrial retrogression in any circum­
stances and particularly under the prevailing
conditions. Setting aside the questions of the
local prosperity of the Pittsburgh district and
the Ohio valley, and the pressing needs of the
Mississippi valley, which can be adequately met
in no other way, the Ohio must be made a con­
tinuously open water way, as a measure of na­
tional defense, and that with the utmost speed.
* m *
i THE PiTTsiiuituH COAL Co. has started in earnest
to meet specifications for deliveries on its new 25-
year contract with the United States Steel Cor­
poration. The effecting of this contract and the
appreciation of the valuable coal owned by the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. is evidently a factor in pur­
chases of large blocks of the company's stock by
bankers in Amsterdam and others in Holland and

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
by conservative hankers and brokers in the East,
notably in New York and Philadelphia. While
blocks of thousands of shares are being taken by
these interests, the certificates are frequently
being made for small lots of 10 shares and less.
This clearly indicates tnat the stock is wanted as
an investment. The orders from Amsterdam have
been coming thick and fast and the instance re­
flects the experience of the Philadelphia & Reading
security holders, who up until a comparatively
recent time, decried the policy of former President
Franklin B. Gowan in making such heavy pur­
chases in anthracite coal. Now that the Philadel­
phia & Reading securities are giving substantial
returns to their holders, Mr. Gowan's policy is the
subject of belated approval. It was he who ac­
quired the tremendous acreage in anthracite, in­
volving a gigantic bond issue, which was a burden
to the Philadelphia & Reading company until recently.
As is well remembered in business circles, this
brilliant strategist in the financial world was so
harassed by the criticisms of his enemies in this
company, that he was driven to suicide. Gowan's
career is one of the romances of the coal industry.
It was he, who as a young attorney in Pottsville,
led the fight which vanquished the notorious Molly
Maguires. Subsequently as he arose gradually in
the Philadelphia & Reading interests, he led their
policy and the tremendous coal properties pur­
chased by the company, over 25 years ago, are
now worth many times what Mr. Gowan paid for
them. And it is these properties to-day which
are giving the Philadelphia & Reading securities
their great value. The case of the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. may be in a measure analogous, it having
looked far into the future in accumulating a vast
wealth of valuable Pittsburgh coal, which is daily
appreciating.
* * *
Chicago seems to be "strike crazy." Each year
some great body of workingmen in the metropolis
of the middle west finds an excuse for stopping
work and attempting to stop every other work­
man. Each year this excuse becomes flimsier
and each year the result becomes a little more
decisive. The teamsters' strike, which never had
a shadow of honest basis, resulted from an at­
tempt to force the reinstatement of 19 discharged
garment workers. A boycott was declared against
the employing firm and the use of this cowardly
weapon, and the strike itself were gradually ex­
tended until practically every business and in­
dustry in the city was affected. The usual riotous
scenes for which Chicago strikers are noted, were
an accompaniment of the trouble. Disorder and
bloodshed prevailed for several days and several
lives were sacrificed. Order was restored by the
strikers just long enough to present an impu­
dent demand to President Roosevelt as he passed
through the city on his way to Washington. The
courage and firmness of his reply, and his plain,
direct statement that he would not hesitate to
send federal troops to preserve order, if neces­
sary, had a cooling effect on the bumptious com­
mittee whose sole object was to obtain recogni­
tion from the nation's chief executive and, if
possible, to entrap him into some statement that
might be construed as an indorsement of the
strikers' position. They will know better the
next time. The strike is running the usual
course. Steady and substantial gains have been
made by the employers, who are certain to be
successful. On the day following the president's
visit, the first break in the strikers' ranks occurred.
It was that of the hay and feed men. The
defection probably marked the beginning of the
end.
Coke and Brick Plants To Be Enlarged.
Plans will be taken up at once for the construction
of a large number of coke ovens in Westmoreland
and Butler counties of Pennsylvania by the
Clark Coal & Coke Co. This was decided upon
at the annual meeting of the stockholders, held
recently in Pittsburgh. The company was practically
reorganized, the capital stock being increased
from $200,000 to $500,000. The directors elected
are C. B. Clark, William J. McCracken, S. H.
Grubbs, J. G. Bright and A. E. Best. The directors
elected the following officers: C. B. Clark, president;
William J. McCracken, secretary; A. E.
Best, treasurer; Miss F. A. Morrison, assistant secretary-treasurer.
Mr. McCracken succeeds C. A.
Smith as secretary. The company was organized
in Pittsburgh over two years ago and owns extensive
coal lands in Westmoreland and Butler counties.
The directors propose to arrange for the
construction of a number of coke ovens in both
counties to cost about $75,000 or $100,000. Later
the number of ovens will be increased. The company
also owns a large brick plant on the Butler
division of the West Penn railroad. At present the
plant turns out about 20,000 brick daily. The capacity
of the plant will be more than doubled.

RIVER AND HARBOR COMMITTEE OF
CONGRESS LEARNING THE URGENT
NECESSITY OF IMPROVING THE OHIO.
The majority of the members of the rivers and
harbors committee of congress aie nearing the
final stage of a tour of inspection covering the
entire length of the Ohio river and designed to
convince them of the urgent necessity of canaling
that waterway and removing the natural restrictions
from Pittsburgh business interests which
originate an annual freight tonnage three times
greater than that of any other port in the world.
The party left Pittsburgh on the steamer Queen
City at 5 a. m. on May 10. The members of the
committee assembled in Pittsburgh on the previous
day which was spent in inspecting the city's
industries and shipping facilities. At a banquet
the same evening, attended by nearly 400 guests,
the committee was made acquainted with the subject
in hand through addresses by Congressmen
John Dalzell and James Francis Burke, ex-Congressman
James W. Brown, Col. John L. Vance,
president of the Ohio Valley Improvement Association
and others. Congressman Burton, the
chairman of the committee, speaking for that
body, said that he and his fellow committeemen
had already been convinced of the justice of the
claims made and that their support of the desired
improvements would be limited only by the
amount of money available for the purpose.
Statistics prepared by the United States government
were presented by Messrs. Brown and
Dalzell, showing that for the month of March of
this year the freight tonnage originating on the
Monongahela river, the principal tributary of the
Ohio, practically equaled that of all the Great
Lakes combined. The vast freight movement
passing through Pittsburgh harbor was illustrated
by the following table, showing the coal
tonnage of the Monongahela river, and Davis
Island dam, in the Ohio, for the calendar years
1900 to 1904 inclusive:
Passed Through
Year Lock 3,
Monongahela
River
1900 5,817,863
1901 7,945,480
1902 (a)9,305,927
1903 9,372,664
1904 6,985,576
Passed Davis
Island Dam,
Ohio River
Near
Pittsburgh
2,557,470
3,283,353
3,619,905
3,069,290
2,811.584
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. SJ9
Differences.
Approximate
Consumplion
of River Coal
at Pittsburgh
3,260,393
4,662,127
5,686,022
6,303,365
4,173,992
(a) The coal traffic on the Monongahela is obtained
by adding to that which passed Lock No
3 the coal mined and shipped in Pools Nos. 1 and
2. In 1902 there were consumed in Pools Nos. 1
and 2, 4,080,287 tons river coal. In the harbor
below No. 1, including the Allegheny river, 1,605,-
735 tons of Monongahela river coal—a total of
5,686,022 tons.
The members of the committee taking part in
the inspection tour are Congressmen Theodore
E. Burton, chairman; D. A. Alexander, B. B.
Dovener, R. J. Bishop, E. F. Acheson, J. H. Davidson,
William Larimer, W. L. Jones, J. Adam Bede,
J. E. Ransdell, S. M. Sparkman; James H. Cassidy
is secretary of the conimittee. and J. H. McGann
and E. T. Hutchinson are its stenographers. The
government engineering corps is represented by
Col. E. H. Ruffner, Maj. William L. Sibert, Maj.
G. A. Zinn and Capt. Burgess. In addition to
the foregoing gentlemen, many of whom were
accompanied by their wives, the Queen City carried
about 100 invited guests. The first stop was
made at Davis Island dam. The government
works there and at Dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were
inspected in order. The itinerary on down to New
Orleans included all important stops.
TO END STRIKES AND LOCK-OUTS.
About 100,000 mechanics and 1,000 employers in
the building trades in New York City have entered
into an arbitration agreement which will
make such a thing as a strike or a lockout an
impossibility. The agreement has been signed by
delegates representing both sides. Thirty two
trades are represented, and the vote to adopt the
new agreement was unanimous. It goes into effect
at once. The closed shop is agreed to in
the following clause:
"The employers, parties to this arbitration plan,
agree to employ only members of trades unions,
directly or indirectly, through sub-contractors or
otherwise, on all work within the territory described."
The general arbitration board will consist of
two representatives from each employers' association,
and two representatives from each recognized
union. Business agents may act as arbitrators,
which formerly was prohibited. The following
section of the agreement is intended to
prevent strikes or lockouts:
"The unions as a whole, or as a single union,
shall not order any strike against a member of
the Building Trades Employers' association, nor
shall any member of the Building Trades Employers'
association lock out his employes."
Russia's difficulty in getting enough coal for
the war is said by British experts to be transforming
the whole outlook of the coal mining industry
in that country. If the revolutionists
refrain from overturning things it is probable that
the Baltic-Black sea canal will be built and that
a line of steamers will be put into commission
between the sea of Azov and the Baltic. The
great coal fields in both European Russia and
Siberia will be linked with the main systems of
transport by a network of branch railways.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE QUESTION, " HOW FAR DOES ASSO­
CIATED EFFORT IN INDUSTRY INVOLVE
THE CURTAILMENT OF INDIVIDUAL
LIBERTY ?" AS TREATED BY CHAIRMAN-
PRESIDENT FRANCIS L. ROBBINS OF THE
PITTSBURGH COAL CO., BEFORE THE
RECENT MEETING OF THE NATIONAL
CIVIC FEDERATION IN NEW YORK.
In considering the query presented to us this
evening, "How far does associated effort in industry
involve the curtailment of individual liberty?"
I have been led to the general reply that no associated
effort in any field of human activity is at
all possible without the voluntary surrender or
modification of some measure of individual freedom
of action. This proposition is supported by
all human experience in attaining progress in any
direction. Whether it be in the formation of governments,
from the family to the clan, the tribe,
the township, the county, the state; whether it be
in the promotion of a religion, through missions,
parishes, dioceses, national and international ecclesiastical
bodies or federations of denominations;
whether it be the sustaining of national autonomy
and rights against other powers, through the ramifications
of diplomacy or by war, with all its sacrifice,
discipline and many branches of organization;
whether it be the advancement of morality, the
prevention of crime, the reformation of the depraved,
the rescue of the oppressed—whatever the
effort, from the elimination of the "white plague"
to the creation of a new republic, both history
and current activities show the instinctive resort
of all humanity to the union of many units for a
common purpose.
INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION REQUIRES SACRIFICE.
Our topic is confined to the restraint upon individual
liberty involved in association in industry;
and to my mind, observation and experience
both sho wthat industrial association involves, for
its success, a considerable degree of willing sacrifice
of the theoretical right to do as one pleases,
so long as one does not infringe upon the rights
of otners. This is true, whether the association
be one of employers or of wage earners; and it
becomes conspicuously true in the collective contract
between organized employers and organized
wage earners in any industry, or group of allied
industries, known as the trade agreement. Any
such contract involves a series of acceptances of
restraint of individual freedom, beginning with
the individual employer or the individual share
holder in an employing corporation on the one
side, and with the individual wage earner and
his local union on the other. This series of successive
waiving of individual freedom proceeds in
the case of an employing industry, from the formation
of a simple partnership to the organization
of a corporation and to the merging of several
constituent corporations. It proceeds in a parallel
way in the case of the employed in an industry,
from the acceptance of mutual obligations
by individual wage earners in a local union to the
combination of such unions in city, state, national
and international federations. At every step, on
either side, there must be some acceptance of restriction
of individual liberty for the sake of concerted
action for the common benefit.
TRADE AGREEMENTS DEFENDED.
There undoubtedly exists a good deal of misunderstanding
as to this necessity of the curtailment
of personal rights through trade agreements.
There are some employers who still protest that
the signing of a trade agreement regulating hours,
wages and conditions of work infringes on his
personal right to conduct his business as he sees
fit. Such an employer forgets that he is continually
making contracts, other than with labor, and
entering combinations, that restain and modify his
conduct of business.
An example of this adverse attitude to the trade
agreement is found in the following quotation
from a recent issue of the Industrial Independent,
the official organ of the national organization, that
practically opposes all dealings with organized
labor:
"The trade agreement would form a monopoly
of employers, form a monopoly of labor, and induce
them to make terms with each other to the
advantage of both monopolies. It would deprive
the individual of his constitutional right to work
for whom and what he pleases, compelling him
to surrender his allegiance as a free American
citizen before he could work and live. The right
to do with one's labor as one pleases is guaranteed
by this free government of ours, but under
trade agreements this guarantee would not be
sufficient. It would have to receive the stamp of
organized employers and employes before it would
be considered good."
This is an exaggerated and perverted statement.
The trade agreement involves no "surrender of
allegiance as a free American citizen," and deprives
the individual of no constitutional rights.
The individual exercises his constitutional right,
whether an employer or a wage earner, when he
enters voluntarily into association with others for
the attainment of advantages which he could not
secure by individual effort. When two such associations
deal with each other, it is for the purpose
of increasing the efficiency and productivity
of an industry, which necessarily implies that
their agreement is for the good of all the community.
It is indeed the benefit of society at large that
inspires and justifies sacrifice of individual liberty.
I regard the trade agreement, involving as
it does a voluntary adjustment of personal free-

dom to the common weal, to be of the highest
importance to the future of the country as a
method of reaching harmonious relations between
capital and labor.
THE BITUMINOUS AGREEMENTS.
In no great field of industrial activity, enlisting
billions of capital and employing a vast army of
men, is there a more signal example of benefit
to the general social welfare than in the operation
of the trade agreements between the bituminous
operators' associations of Western Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois and the wage earners
organized as the United States Mine Workers of
America. These agreements would be impossible
did not each of tne parties to the contracts recognize
that the exercise of individual liberty must
be made to accord with the interests of society as
a whole.
These agreements are formed biennially at a
convention composed of representatives of the
operators' associations and of the organized mine
workers. The agreements are worked out in detail
and by localities. Upon them rests the stability
of the production, transportation and marketing
of fuel. Only their existence and the
fidelity to their obligations of the wage earners
themselves prevented the immeasurable disaster
of a strike of the bituminous workers in 1902,
simultaneously with the anthracite strike. Only
the recognition of the mutual advantages of these
agreements led the operators to propose a compromise
scale at the convention of 1904, and led
the miners to accept, by a referendum vote that
compromise, although it involved a reduction of
wages. The appreciation of the value of these
agreements could have no more convincing evidence
than their withstanding this dual test—
that the associated employers should propose a
reduction far less than they believed to be warranted
by the conditions of trade then existing,
and that the mine workers should accept a share
of the burden of decreased profits due to adverse
market conditions.
Now, who are the parties to these agreements,
whose value I have but cursorily indicated? On
the one side, they are the organized operators of
four states, on the other, the organized mine
workers. But they are individual operators,
whether in business as persons, firms or corporations.
They cannot form themselves into the four
state associations without some sacrifice of their
individual liberty to do as they please with their
own properties. The owner of one mine, producing
coal of a peculiar quality, or enjoying special
facilities of transportation, or having measures
worked with particular economy of labor, might
find temporary advantage in refusing to enter
into an association with other operators that
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
would destroy or lessen these fortuitous advantages
in competition. But looking beyond his
immediate, temporary personal advantage, he surveys
the whole range of the industry and extends
his prospect over a period of a year or two
years. He takes into consideration the superior
advantage in the long run of being assured a
steady market, of the absorption of a reasonably
continuous output, and of the opportunity to enter
a joint agreement that will enable him to
calculate with some assurance of certainty the
great factor of labor cost entering into his production
and sales.
In case the operator is a corporation, its officers
carry into this joint agreement the waiving also
of the individual liberty of its shareholders.
This statement applies, indeed, to the business
transacted by all corporations. The confusion
that would arise, should every individual shareholder
demand the exercise of individual liberty
of judgment as to every act by and on behalf of
a corporation, is Indescribable. Indeed, it is
plain that in the modern business world no transactions
between corporations or between corporations
and persons would be possible unless shareholders
waived their individual liberties of action
and entrusted them in block to directors and
executives.
MUTUAL CONCESSIONS AND RISKS.
But to return to the interstate bituminous
agreements. The other party to them is the union
of mine workers, as represented in the interstate
convention. According to the theory of
individual liberty, every mine worker in the
bituminous field of the four states concerned has
the right to sell his labor to the owner of the
mine where he works, upon such terms of wages,
hours and conditions as he pleases. He surrenders
that right when he joins the union, in order
that he may share in the advantages of a collective
contract, even at the risk that errors may
lie made in that contract that will work during
its term to his disadvantage. The employer
makes a similar surrender and takes a corresponding
risk. It is conceivable that in some
cases local conditions may make the union scale
less than the individual mine worker might be
able to exact from an individual employer. It is
equally conceivable that in some cases other local
conditions might make it possible for an individual
operator to impose the acceptance of a
lower scale than that agreed upon between the
association operators and the miners for that district.
But both the miner and the operator have
learned by experience that there is a larger and
a more permanent advantage in the subordination
of individual liberty to joint agreement
through the chosen representatives of their two
organizations.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
STABLE TRANSPORTATION ASSURED.
All that I have said applies also to trade agreements
between shippers and the wage earners
organized under the title of the International
Longshoremen, Marine and Transport Workers'
Association, with whose representatives we meet
yearly and make contracts covering the terms
and conditions of hauling and transporting coal
from every port in the Great Lakes to the mouth
of the Mississippi. These contracts mean the
stability and prosperity of transportation,
throughout a territory imperial in extent, of
fuel, ores, lime, lumber, stone and grain. It is
these contracts, taken together, that make the
capitalists and the wage earners interested in
the production, transportation and marketing of
bituminous coal the leaders, during the past
seven years, in the actual accomplishment of
peace in their own industry throughout an immense
area of this country, and affecting favorably
in turn all the other industries of transportation
by land and water, and of manufacture,
that consume fuel. The mine operators rea..ze
that this result, with its benefits to invested capital,
could not be attained without restraint of
their individual freedom of action. The mine
workers realize that in their corresponding individual
sacrifice labor is concerned all along the
line—the labor of the man who delves, the labor
of the mine workers above the ground, the labor
of those who load and unload vessels and cars,
the labor of the vessel crews and trainmen, the
labor of the men who deliver the fuel to the
consumer.
Thus, with all their faults of detail, trade agree
ments in principle and in practice are the very
embodiment of far reacning benefits to employers,
wage earners and the general public, through the
voluntary surrender of individual liberty. (Applause).
Special Home-Seekers' Excursions via
Pennsylvania Lines.
Anyone contemplating a trip west may take
advantage of the reduced fares for the special
Home-seekers' .irsions via Pennsylvania Lines
to points in C orado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, the Dakotas,
Oregon, Washington, Texas and other sections in
the west and in all the states of the south. Stopover
privileges permit travelers to investigate
business openings. These tickets will be on sale
certain dates during the summer. Detailed information
as to fares, through time, etc., will be
freely furnished upon application to J. K. Dillon,
District Passenger Agent, 515 Park building, Pittsburgh,
Pa. ji
CRYSTALLIZATION EXPERENCE.
By Walter 11. Finley, before the Engineering Association
of the South.
While connected with the New Soddy Coal Co.,
at Soddy, Tenn., I had my attention called to a
very practical demonstration of the fatigue of
metal by crystallization. The track connecting
the mines with the railroad must follow, to some
extent, the sinuosities of a restless stream. The
result is an incline 7,200 feet long, with 210 de­
grees of curvature and a difference in elevat'on
of 450 feet. The heaviest grade is all above the
center. A trip of 36 one-ton mine cars will be on
the steepest part of the hill, while the empty
"trip" at the other end of the rope is on the flats
below, offering very little resistance to assist
the brakes in holding the loaded "trip."
It is a thrilling ride, even to one accustomed
to it, to make the journey from tipple to mines,
seated in one of a string of empty cars 100 yards
long, around curves, over bridges, and along the
sides of deep ravines much too picturesque and
rugged to be associated with a prosaic coal mine.
About a year after this incline was put in, the
loaded "trip" parted on the hill, with the result
that possibly half of the 36 cars could not be used
again without having to be entirely rebuilt. The
coupling that parted was found without a pin,
which in mine hitchings is not removable from
the clevis without breaking. The wreck, therefore,
must have been caused by the breaking of
this 1%-inch pin, though it and the balance of
the hitching was made by William Harris & Son,
of Pittsburgh, who use nothing but the highest
grade iron.
Not more than two weeks later this accident
happened again in identically the same way. I
was fortunate enough this time, however, to find
a piece of the broken pin, which showed, instead
of the dark, velvety, appearance one would expect,
a bright, crystalline fracture like burned steel.
Following this clew, several hitchings were laid
on an anvil and the pin broken by a single blow
from a sledge. Pieces of the broken pins were
then heated to a bright red. and after cooling
slowly, were again put under the hammer, which
failed entirely to break them. After cutting with
a cleaver, the pins were broken, and the fracture
showed a complete restoration of fibrous structure.
This annealing process was then applied to the
whole supply of hitchings. Piles of twenty-live or
thirty were covered by a hot wood fire, which
was allowed to die down and go out, leaving the
hitchings in a bed of ashes to cool off slowly. By
repeating this every six months the danger from
brittle pins was entirely avoided.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
SALES MANAGERS AND OTHER OFFICIALS OF THE
INTERNATIONAL STEAM PUMP CO.
The above excellent illustration presents the sales m anagers and other officials ot the International Steam
Pump Co. on the occasion of their recent meeting in H arrison, N. J. The group was photographed in the
Henry It. Worthington machine shop. Those from left to right in the front row are: C. B. .Moore. Boston;
Henry Laidlaw. Detroit: D. A. Acer, Buffalo: W. II. K eeves, St. Louis ; J, J. Brown, manager of Worthington
sales: F. H. Jones, general sales manager; A. \V. Jon es, Atlanta : Reuben Bowen. marine department ; Fred
Ray, centrifugal department. In the upper row begin ning at the left, George H. Gibson, manager of publicity ;
C. P. de Laval, manager of works; G. J. Foran, cond enser department; J. I>. McGuire; George W. Galbraith,
Cincinnati: Thomas C. McBride. Philadelphia; Lincol a Crocker, Cleveland: Charles E. Wilson, Chicago: C. A.
Hamilton. Pittsburgh ; E. S. Barlow, Xew York ; H. F. I* eake. meter department. The meetings of these men are
an interesting innovation of the International Steam P limp Co. The advantages of meetings of this kind in
giving greater unity and intelligent co-ordination to th e making and selling of engineer'ng products are rapidly
being recognized and they are especially important wh ere the apparatus is of many specialized types, often
requiring the exercise of expert knowledge for its etti cient adaptation to tbe customer's needs. It is with
pleasure that THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN presents this il lustration through the courtesy of George II. Gibson,
manager of publicity.
To Raise Coal Freight Rates in Alabama.
At the meeting of the railroad commission at
Montgomery, Ala., on May 5, President Milton
Smith of the Louisville & Nashville said that on
May 22 his road would increase the rate on coal
from the Birmingham district to Alabama City,
Gadsden and Anniston for all purposes save fur­
naces from 50 cents a ton, the present rate, to 70
cents. This followed a demand from Talladega
for the same rate as these other places. The com­
mission has completed the investigation of freight
tariffs in Alabama with a view of general revi­
sion. Mr. Smith said his compc

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
REPORT OF CHIEF MINE INSPECTOR
PAUL, OF WEST VIRGINIA FOR
THE LAST FISCAL YEAR.
The most important features of the last annual
report of Chief Mine Inspector James W. Paul of
West Virginia are covered in his letter to the governor,
which is of exceptional interest and is as
follows:
To THE GOVERNOR:
The number of mines in the state has grown to
629, each of which requires inspection. These 629
mines furnish the product which is handled by
330 commercial compenies. During the year there
has been an increase of 59 coal companies and 99
mines. Twenty-five of these were in one inspection
district.
For the past seven years the average annual increase
in the number of new mines has been nearly
63.
What the future will bring in additional mine
development is beyond the province of speculation,
but it is only fair to presume that future development
will be governed solely by the ability of the
markets to consume the product.
Large coal areas are being traversed by railroad
lines for the purpose of the development of coal
properties as yet untouched other than with the
prospector's pick. With the completion of these
new lines the number of mines will be increased
by many score, thus adding to the work of the
inspection department.
INSPECTORS.—Each of the district inspectors has
an average of 126 mines in his district and during
the year they made an aggregate of 1,466 visits to
the mines for the purpose of inspection, inquiring
into causes of fatal accidents and making other
observations that came within their lawful duties.
DAYS WORKED.—The mines were operated on an
average of 209 or 8 days more than during the previous
year.
The coke ovens were operated 222 days or 12
days less than during the previous year.
PRODUCTION AND VALUE.—The mines in the state
had a total production during the year of 26,984,-
715 tons of 2,240 lbs. representing a total value of
the xual as it came from the mines of $28,333',-
950.75. The coke manufactured was 2,276,451 tons
of 2,000 lbs. valued at $4,117.187.59 at the ovens.
The following tabulation represents the manner
in which this tonnage was disposed:
Used in operating the mines. . 327,422
Local trade and tenants 400,858
Used in the coke ovens 3,333,861
Shipped from the mines 22,922,574
A total of 26,984,715 of which
Were pick mined 18,667,023 and
Machine mined 8,317,692 tons.
This tonnage of coal originated in the geograph­
ical districts compared with the previous year as
follows:
1904. 1903. Change.
Potomac District.. 1,619,340 1,622,068 D. 2,728
Monongahela Dist.7,396,161 6,679,000 I. 717,161
Wheeling District. 553,984 503,925 I. 50,059
Kanawha-New
River District...9,293,771 6,540,325 1.2,753,446
Norfolk & Western
District 7,951,459 7,388,380 I. 563,079
Small mines in the
state 170,000 180,000 D. 10,000
Totals 26,984,715 22,913,698 1.4,071,017
As indicated in the above there was a net in­
crease over the previous year of 4,071,017 tons.
Each geographical district, except the Potomac,
gave an increase. The production of small mines
fell short 10,000 tons of being equal to the pre­
vious year. This is attributed to the decline in
prices, which made the operation of the small
mines less profitable than during the previous
year.
The gross total revenue obtained summarizes as
follows:
Total value of all coal produced $28,333,950.75
Less value of coal used for steam at
mines $ 343,793.10
Less value of coal used in
coke ovens 3,500,554.05 3,884,347.15
Total value of coal sold $24,489,603.60
Total value of coke produced 4,177,787.59
Total gross value of product
placed on the market $28,667,391.19
MACHINE MINED COAL.—The machine mined coal
constituted 30.82 per cent, of the total production
for the year and is represented by 8,317,692 gross
tons.
The mining machines have had a rapid growth
within the state.
There are in use at 248 mines 988 machines furnishing
employment to 8,395 persons within the
mines.
During the past eight years the machines in
use have each averaged a production of 40.4 tons
for each working day, or 9,051.5 tons per year.
For each inside employe incident to the mining
of machine coal there is produced per year 1,000.7
tons.
The following table will readily exhibit the
growth of this means of winning the coal:

PROGRESS OF MACHINE MINED COAL, 1897 TO 1904.
Year,
° a
U .m
it 22.
A ty
m a
5S
1897.
1898. . Z 28
1899. . 16 41
1900. . 63
1901. . 90
1902. .124
1903. .181
1904. .248
O
In
55
96
141
241
386
534
795
988
o .2
11
to g
3 o
H
933
652
1,608
2,371
3,967
4,813
6,531
8,395
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
§1
600,418
1,070,293
1,733,279
2,537,611
3,582,853
5,135,823
6,312,894
8,317,692
to
g | .
to **
ft
5.12
7.4
10.66
13.43
17.65
21.98
27.50
30.82
2£
O
=i
197
214
240
261
225
249
201
209
29,290,863 Avg.224
Tons per each employe for 1904, 990.7.
Tons per each employe per year, 1,000.7.
Tons produced by each machine per year,
9,051.5.
Average days worked per year, 224.
Average tons produced by one machine per day,
40.4.
Average tons produced by one machine per
month of 26 days, 1,050.4.
For the last eight years the mines have averaged
224 working days per year and each pick
miner has averaged a production of 1,002 tons.
The tons produced in 1904 for each underground
employe in the state were 743. In the United
Kingdom of Great Britain the prodifction in
1903, the year of the greatest coal production, for
each underground employe was 345 7-10 tons.
TONS OF PICK MINED COAL PRODUCED PER EACH PICK
\ ear
1897
1899
11)0(1
1901
1902
1903
P.KI4
MINER, IN COMMERCIAL MINES, 1897 TO 1904.
a
o
a 3
£ .5
8?
o -z
rt" ry
ty -
ft
111 071,4*2
. 13,084,572
. 14,366,871
16,199,300
16,533,138
18,043,260
16,420,804
18,497,023
a
02 a 2
* S
1 &
6 a
24 ©
my 2 &
133,029
1411,000
150,000
150,000
17.-.,000
1X0,000
lso.000
170,000
a
o
O
OT —
£"d
S'S
la
ft
13,218
14.0:50
14,1111
14,723
16,609
15,966
16,2S7
ls.sso
124.110.450 1,:>7S.1)20 lsj.sai
a
.9 §
SS
r*. a
M o
2 r ~>
ft
No rec'd
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
ml
to
22
O
e?
Q
107
214
240
2111
240
201
200
1,700
Average tons per year for each miner, 1,002.
Average time worked per year, 224.
s s
a »
— 0 .
tOrtt, C
• ^ — ^
ft OJ=
ga^
H
830.
032.
1,017.5
1,100.
005.
1,129 8
1,008.
070.7
ACREAGE MINED.—During the year there were
excavated 3,967.9 acres of coal.
In the past eight years the mines of the state
have depleted the coal deposits by 22,316.2 acres
as shown below:
Total acreage for the eight years from 1897 is
as follows:
1897 1,733.9 Acres.
1898 2,184.5
1899 2,361.2
1900 2,638.8
1901 2,854.6
1902 3,353
1903 3,222.3
1904 3,967.9
Total 22,316.2 Acres.
ACCIDENTS IN MINES.—During the year there
have been no great disasters at the mines in the
state, a statement which it is a great pleasure
to be able to make. There were, however, a number
of accidents, which are always incident to
the operation of coal mines. A very large percentage
of the accidents were due directly to
carelessness on the part of the persons injured
or killed. A personal investigation into a number
of fatal accidents would almost lead to the
belief that they were deliberate suicides. By
causes the fatalities were: by falls of roof, 95;
explosions of gas, 3; mine cars, 22; and by all
other causes, 20; a total of 140 fatalities.
Of the 140 fatal accidents, 123 occurred within
and 17 without the mines, and of 211 non-fatalities,
191 were inside and 20 outside of the mines.
For each 295 persons employed within the
mines of the state in 1904, one employe lost his
life by accident, or for each 1,000 employes inside
3.38 persons were killed by accident, this being
1.44 less than in 1903.
SUMMARY OF ACCIDENTS INSIDE OF THE MINES FOR
1904 AND 1903.
1004.
Number of employes in­
1903. Changes.
side
116 30,450 I. 5.8K6
Number of days mines
were operated
Number of persons killed
209 L'01 I. S
inside
lL'.'t
Number of days' work
accomplished 7.500,1144 6.120,400 1.1,469,594
Number killed per 1,000
employes inside
Number killed per 1,000
3.38 4.82
1.44
days' work inside.... .on;: .0240
Number of persons injured
non-t'atally.inside
Number injured per 1,000
101 208 I>. 17
employes inside
Number injured per 1,000
..250 0.830 II
days' work inside
.112. .033!! D. .0088
Number of inside employes
for each fatality ".15 207 I. SS
The greatest number of accidents are caused
by falls of roof within the mines, and until
greater care is exercised within the mines there
will be no abatement in the number of fatalities
from this cause.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Carelessness of a criminal nature is the direct
cause of many accidents of this kind. This condition
of affairs is brought about in many instances
by reason of the inexperience of the employe.
Greater care exercised by the mine foremen
would result in less accidents from this
cause, or if timbering should be conducted in a
systematic manner. By causes for the past eight
years the fatalities, inside, have been as follows:
Causes 181)7 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 Total
Falls of roof 47 07 04 61 70 70 96 95 585
Mine cars 6 6 7 11 11 13 12 12 78
Gas Explosions.... 1 •• 50 10 .. 24 3 88
All other causes. 7 2 S 11 24 18 15 13 08
Totals (>o 76 70 133 121 110 147 125 849
TRANSPORTATION.—The five railroads within the
state, during the year, handled a total tonnage
of coal from the mines with'n the state amounting
to 24,033,424 net tons and of coke from the
ovens 2,467,368 net tons.
RIVER SHIPMENT.—For the calendar year 1903
the tonnage of coal and coke floated on the Great
Kanawha river amounted to: Coal 1,332,430, and
coke 1,500 tons of 2,000 lbs. or a total of 1.333,930
tons.
IMPROVEMENTS AT THE MINES.—During the year
there have been 55 new plants equipped; 29
power plants have been installed and 1,500 coke
ovens were constructed. Seventeen fans and five
furnaces have been added to the mine equipment
and 33 tipples were erected and 2S additional
openings were made at the older mines.
COKE OVENS AND PRODUCTION.—There is a total
of 15,857 coke ovens within the state, principally
of the beehive pattern. During the year there
were 7,321 idle and 8,536 which were operated
an average of 222 days, using 3.733,924 tons of
coal in the production of 2,276,451 tons of coke,
valued at $4,177,787.59 and giving employment to
3,511 coke workers.
CONSOLIDATIONS.—In the year 1897 there were
21 mines producing between 100,000 and 200,000
tons and 4 mines producing over 200.000 tons,
each representing a single company, with one exception.
During the past year there were 28 companies
which produced over 200.000 tons and had an
aggregate production of 13,092,677 tons or 30.8 per
cent, of the state's entire production.
These companies with their production are as
follows:
Gross tons.
Fairmont Coal Co 3,601,481
Davis Coal & Coke Co 1,301,569
Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Coke Co. . . . 854,299
Red Jacket Coal & Coke Co 517,812
The New River Smokeless Coal Co 513,284
Clarksburg Fuel Co 473,239
Norfolk Coal & Coke Co 466,018
United States Coal & Coke Co 366,615
Pittsburg & Fairmont Fuel Co 315,725
Houston Coal & Coke Co 304,940
Southern Coal & Transportation Co 295,852
McKell Coal & Coke Co 285,467
Empire Coal & Coke Co 282,641
Merchants Coal Co 278,976
Davis Colliery Co 273,168
Collins Colliery Co 267,593
Gauley Mountain Coal Co 266,654
Ashland Coal & Coke Co 257,894
Turkey Gap Coal & Coke Co 237,143
Pulaski Iron Co 237,100
The Marmet Co 223,677
Thacker Coal & Coke Co 216.851
W. P. Rend 213,707
Mill Creek Coal & Coke Co 213,176
Elkhorn Coal & Coke Co 212,077
Crozer Coal & Coke Co 207,254
White Oak Fuel Co 206,200
Boomer Coal & Coke Co 202,265
Total 13,092,677
Two consolidations of coal interests were consummated
during the year.
The first was that of the New River Smokeless
Coal Co., which absorbed the following collieries:
Cunard, Brooklyn, Red Ash, Rush Run, Sun Nos.
1 & 2. Royal and Lanark Nos. 1 & 2.
The second consolidation was the Pocahontas
Consolidated Co.. which absorbed the companies
formerly operating the following mines: Angle,
Delta, Lick Branch. Norfolk, Shamokin, Ro'fe,
Caswell Creek and Sagamore.
In addition to the above there are 49 companies,
each of whicn produced over 100.000 tons,
but less than 200,000, and 46, each of which produced
between 50,000 and 100,000 tons.
WAGES.—During the first six months of the
fiscal year the wages were about 10 to 15 per
cent, higher than for the last six months. This
condition prevailed during the previous year, but
in the reverse order.
The average wages received for pick mined coal
per gross ton, run-of-mine, was 491/. cents, the
same as for the previous year. The days worked
at the mines were 209, and the average yearly
wages received, per miner, was $484.96. Each
pick miner averaged a production of 979.7 tons
during the year, or 28.3 tons less than during the
previous year.
For machine mined coal the average prices paid
in the state were as shown in the table which
follows:
Machine miners paid per day $2.17Vi:
Machine miners paid per ton run-of-mine
in rooms 30
Machine miners paid per ton run-of-mine
in headings 35
Machine miners paid per ton screened in
rooms 51

Machine miners paid per ton screened in
headings 53
Machine runners paid per day 2.48
Machine runners paid per ton run-of-mine
in rooms 07%
Machine runners paid per ton run-of-mine
in headings 09
Machine runners paid per ton screened 12
Machine runners paid per foot 04
Machine runners paid per hour 19 1 5
The ton used in the above is gross.
SELLING PRICES.—The selling price of coal per
ton of 2,240 lbs. was $1.05 at the mines for runof-mine
coal, a decrease of 27% cents compared
with 1903.
Coke sold for $1.83% per ton of 2,000 lbs., a
decrease of 82% cents under prices for 1903.
MEN EMPLOYED.—The greatest number of men
employed within and about the mines and coke
ovens, for any year, was during the present.
when 45,492 were employed, an increase over
the previous year of 6,040. These were employed
as follows: Pick miners, 18,880; machine
operators, 1,574; machine miners, 6,821;
inside laborers, 9,041; coke workers, 3,511; and
outside laborers, 5,665.
STRIKES.—During the months of April, May and
June of the year there were strikes among the
mine employes in the panhandle counties, or
Wheeling district, which were brought about by
reason of the operators and miners being unable
to agree to a new scale to conform to the Indianapolis
joint agreement between the operators of
the several coal producing states and the United
Mine Workers.
During the same period there was a strike
among a number of mines in the Kanawha valley,
for the same reason.
In the entire state ten counties and 42 operations
were affected, throwing out of employment
2,926 men, and causing a loss of wages to the
employes of $126,032.00 at 17 mines and a loss
to the operators of $23,210.00 at 11 companies.
LEGISLATION.—With the increase in the coal
industry in the state the work of this department
has materially grown. This is brought about by
reason of the increased number of mines requiring
inspection and a growing tendency on the
part of the mine employes and operators to avail
themselves of frequent conferences with the personnel
of the department in relation to matters
for betterments at the mines.
The work of this department has been conducted
with the view of a systematic inspection
of the mines, and an observance of the mining
statutes with the least possible friction.
The duties required of the district inspectors
are such that it has become a physical impossibility
for the inspector to make the required num­
._ COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
ber of inspections of each mine. If the inspector
should merely go to the main entrance of each
mine in his district four times per year it would
consume every working day of the year, and leave
him no time in which to make an inspection of
the mine, while there are mines in each district
that are of such extent that it requires two and
three days to make the necessary inspection.
The efficiency of the inspector's work is much
reduced by his having so many mines and so little
time to devote to each. Oftentimes matters and
conditions are such that it is essential that a
mine be given special attention, and in doing so
others have to be given less attention. Important
instructions may be given requiring immediate
attention, and to make such instructions effective
the inspector should return at an early date to
see that the instructions have been executed,
otherwise important matters are frequently neglected
for many weeks or until the inspector
returns to make his regular inspection.
There are not a sufficient number of district inspectors
to do any part of justice to the work
required of them. There are now 630 mines requiring
inspection, an average of 126 mines for
each inspector, necessitating 504 inspections to
comply with the law. Sixty mines is the greatest
number that should be assigned any one inspector.
It is, therefore, highly essential that there be at
least five additional inspectors provided for by
legislation, which would allow 63 mines for each
inspector at the present time.
In the matter of oil for illumination within the
mines, it has been found that greater trouble is
had with the employes in burning mixed and inferior
compounds than is had with the retailer of
oils.
The testing of oils is a part of the duties of this
department and many tests have been made, but
owing to the other duties of the inspectors sufficient
time is not available to take up this oil
matter in a systematic manner.
Owing to the prominent position to which the
coal industry of the state has reached—it being
the greatest commercial industry which the state
possesses, and the future destined to bring the
industry into greater prominence—it appears that,
with wisdom exercised in a proper spirit for the
building up of our state's greatest commercial
asset, it would be proper to give a little additional
prestige to the mine inspection branch of
the state government by giving it a name, such
as the "Department of Mines."
In addition to this the statutes should be so
amended as to place the Department of Mines
under the direction of a chief whose duties shall
be as far-reaching as those now prescribed for
the Chief Mine Inspector.
As the statutes are to-day the terms of office of

38
all of the district inspectors and the chief, terminate
at the same time, one month previous to
the closing of the fiscal year for which all public
records of the chief mine inspector, and the dis
trict inspectors, are made. This feature of the
law should be modified so it would permit the
terms of service to expire not later than after
the expiration of any fiscal year.
The efficiency of the work of this department
could be made more satisfactory if the chief of
the department were clothed with the authority
to designate the force which works under his
direction, and for which he is held responsible.
The inspection force should be remunerated with
a salary befitting the importance of his office, his
duties and risks taken. The present compensation
is. not sufficient to meet decent requirements.
District inspectors in Pennsylvania receive a salary
of $3,000.00 and the chief $4,000.00, consequently
do not have to hunt cheap boarding
houses.
A provision should be made whereby an additional
district inspector could be appointed while
the legislature is in vacation and when the number
of mines to be inspected justify it. This
authority could be made subject to the order
of some state tribunal, such as the supreme court
of appeals, or the Board of Public Works. The
importance of this provision is apparent, since the
mines for the past seven years have increased at
the rate of nearly 63 per year, and the indications
point to a continuous increase.
No condition has arisen at any of the many
mines in the state wherein the present mining
statutes have been unequal to the requirements.
The only additional legislation for the conduct
of the affairs at the mines, which is recommended
for enactment, is a provision requiring mine
bosses to make a record of the currents of air
within the mines. This provision was presented
in a bill at the session of the state legislature in
1903, and was given favorable consideration and
passed in one branch of the legislature, but was
indefinitely postponed in the other branch by
reason of the representatives of labor claiming
that such a simple operation on the part of the
mine boss, would require a technical knowledg?
and some education.
It is the profound belief of the inspection force
that such a law would result in raising the standard
of competency among mine bosses, and great
benefits would result to the mine employes in having
better ventilation.
Bills, providing for the legislation suggested
above, have been prepared, and may be seen in
the appendix to this report.
CONCLUSION.—Acknowledgment is made of courtesies
extended me by the auditors and general
freight agents of the different railroads for fur­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. "'
nishing the coal and other tonnage handled by
their respective roads, and to the office force of
the United States engineer's office in this city for
river tonnage data.
Without mention in this report of the clerical
work performed in this office by Miss Frances
Truslow would be depriving her of credit for a
proficiency which has been well earned.
I desire to express my appreciation of the diligence
which has characterized the work of the
district inspectors, and to return thanks to th3
governor of the state for the confidence he has
reposed in me in the conduct of the affairs of this
important office.
Very respectfully,
JAMES W. PAUL, Chief Mine Inspector.
MARCH COAL AND COKE MOVEMENT.
The bureau of statistics of the department of
labor and commerce reports that shipments of
anthracite coal from the mines for March amounted
to 5,258,567 tons, as compared with 4,375,033 tons
for a corresponding period in 1904, and 5,211,450
tons in 1903. Similar shipments for the first
three months of the current year aggregated 13,-
5S9.746 tons, in contrast with 12,835,547 tons for
a corresponding period in 1904, 16,247,008 tons in
1903, 12,098,158 tons in 1902, 14,271,347 tons in
1901, and 10,804,717 tons in 1900. The estimated
production of coke at Connellsville, Pa., during the
present year, up to and including April 1, reached
a total of 3,350,660 tons, which was over a million
tons greater than the amount produced during a
similar period in 1904, and approximately 200,000
tons greater than that manufactured in 1903, this
increase illustrating the prosperous condition of
this industry at the present time. The production
during the last three weeks of the quarter was
especially noteworthy, each week totaling over
265,000 tons, a greater amount than for any other
week during the current year. Of the ovens employed,
but 1,347 were idle out of a total of 22,655
for the week ending April 1. The number of cars
required to handle the shipments from Connellsville
during the present year to April 1 numbered
173,059, in contrast with 115,254 cars in 1904, and
134,549 cars in 1903.
That Morning Appointment
In- Wheeling Easily Kept by Going over Pennsyl­
vania Lines.
Only short ride. Parlor car trains leave Pittsburgh
Union Station 6.50 a. m., and 8.20 a. m.
Central time. Allows the day in Wheeling for
business. Return to Pittsburgh on afternoon or
evening trains. mjl5

ANTHRACITE SHIPPING SIZES.
A statement recently given out puts the division
of anthracite coal shipped, by sizes, as follows for
two years past:
1903 1904
Tons. Per ct. Tons. Per ct.
Lump 2,303,116 3.9 1,447,549 2.5
Broken 4,825,497 8.1 3,979,062 6.9
Egg 7,977,689 13.4 7,600,002 13.2
Stove 11,531,573 19.4 11,282,077 19.6
Chestnut ll,20b,635 18.8 11,327,971 19.7
Total large 37,838,510 63.6 35,636,661 61.9
Pea 7,929,715 13.3 8,057,268 14.0
Buckwheat 8,180,880 13.8 7,894,145 13.9
Rice and barley. . 5.51o,726 9.3 5,904,448 10.2
Total steam. . .21,624,321 36.4 21,855,861 38.1
Total 59,462,831 100.0 57,492,522 100.0
The last year showed an increase in the proportion
of steam sizes, a continuation of the movement
which has been going on for several years.
A notable point also was that the shipments of
chestnut exceeded those of stove coal for the year.
The more important decreases in proportion were
in lump and broken; the larger gains were in
chestnut, rice and barley and in pea coal.
Col. William F. Endress, of Jamestown, N. Y.,
president of the New York and Pennsylvania Retail
Coal Dealers' Association, has been elected
president of the International Anthracite Merchants'
Association which was formed a few weeks
ago at a meeting of retail dealers in New York
City.
Dr. Charles E. Reese, chemist of the Dupont
Powder Co., delivered a lecture on explosives in
the Y. M. C. A. auditorium at Wilkesbarre, Pa., on
May 6, which was listened to by about 750 mine
superintendents, foremen and expert miners, employes
of the Lehigh Valley Coal Co.
Mr. J. W. Heintzelman, of Jeannette, Pa., has
resigned as superintendent of the Penn Gas Coal
Co.'s plant at Penn station, after a continued service
of 30 years. Mr. Heintzelman's health has
been failing for several years.
Mr. Bernard Callahan, one of the oldest and best
known mine inspectors of western Pennsylvania
retires to-day from active service as a government
inspector of mines, after serving intermittently
for the past 20 years.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
JAMES WALTON BARBER, WHO HAS BEEN
ELECTED TO THE SECRETARYSHIP OF
THE MONONGAHELA RIVER CONSOLI­
DATED COAL C& COKE CO., COMBINING
THE OFFICE WITH THAT OF ASSISTANT
TREASURER, WHICH HE PREVIOUSLY
HELD.
James Walton Barber, at a recent meeting of
the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke
Co., was promoted to the office of secretary, succeeding
W. D. O'Neil, who retired from the office
because of ill health. The change is the subject
of pleasure with Mr. Barber's many friends, as
Prior to his promotion. Mr. Barber .had been
the deserved advancement of an efficient officer.
assistant treasurer and paymaster of the company.
He continues as assistant treasurer as well as
secretary. Mr. Barber was born in England in
1872 and came to this country with his parents
in 1880, the family locating at California, Pa.,
MR. J. W BARBER.
where he attended school at the State Normal
College. He left the college for awhile and ob
tained the practical experience of employment in
the coal mines in that vicinity. After a subsequent
resumption of his college career, he took
up the study of telegraphy, his preceptor being
the Pennsylvania railroad agent at California.
For about three years he was the agent of the
Pennsylvania railroad at Hays station, being
transferred to the passenger offices of the railroad
conipany at Fifth avenue and Smithfield street,
Pittsburgh. Not satisfying himself with so active
a career in his younger days, he devoted all his

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
spare time to better equip himself for the twentieth
century business life. In the spring of 1893,
he entered the offices of the B. & 0. railroad at Connellsville,
Pa., as stenographer. The fall of next
year, he returned to the Pennsylvania railroad offices
in Pittsburgh, continuing there until December,
1897, when he became associated with Whitney
& Stephenson, bankers and brokers, then located
in Fourth ave., Pittsburgh. In October, 1899,
upon the formation of the Monongahela River Con
solidated Coal & Coke Co., which was organized by
George I. Whitney and Col. J. B. Finley, Mr. Barber
became secretary to Mr. Finley, continuing
in this capacity until March, 1901, when he was
appointed paymaster and clerk in the treasury
department of the river company. He was elected
assistant treasurer in October, 1904. Mr. Barber
is married and has two bright and handsome
children and a beautiful home at No. 7 Whitney
Terrace, Pittsburgh. Aside from his happy home
life, his hours away from business are largely
devoted to the recreation afforded by out door
sports. THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN desires to join
Mr. Barber's many friends in extending sincere
congraulations on his steady rise in the affairs
of one of Pittsburgh's greatest enterprises.
Certain Alabama newspapers regard as a great
joke the statement of President Smith of the
Louisville & Nashville, that furnace coal rates
will be exempt from the general 40 per cent, increase
in rates because the former cannot stand
the advance. The astute Mr. Smith has no desire
to be or appear facetious. He is simply
proving that he is too wise to kill the goose that
lays the golden eggs. There is a chilly time
coming, also, when it will behoove him not to
pluck the valuable bird quite so thoroughly as
he is preparing to do now.
—o—
James J. Great Northern Hill's remarks regarding
the "Panama ditch" are on a par with
those of the man who calls the Atlantic "the
pond," but who endures six days of sea-sickness
to get across it. If the "ditch" were open now
Mr. Hill would not be begging coal from the
United States government naval stations to get
his ships across the Pacific.
—o—
Statisticians are still busy proving that the
world will be run by natural water power fifty
years hence. This probably accounts for the
large number of coal land owners reluctantly
accepting from ten to twenty-five times the original
cost for their holdings.
—o—
Now that the coal market bear has gone into
his summer hibernation, producers and dealers
may pause between orders to consider what effect
his annual rantings might have had if anybody
had paid the slightest attention to him.
— o —
The Russians have found some more "inexhaustible
coal deposits" in Northern Manchuria,
but the official dispatches indicate strongly that
they will not be worked this year—at least by
the discoverers.
— o —
The phlegmatic Dutchman seems to have as
good an eye as the next one for a safe and profitable
investment, judging from the reports of
foreign orders for high-grade American coal stock.
— o —
Congressman Burton's statement that the Ohio
river inspection trip is a matter of business, with
the pleasure and entertainment features of minor
importance, has the right sound.
| CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT, fi!
Contracts are being awarded by the W. G. Wilkins
Co., construction engineers, for a thoroughly
modern coal and coking plant for the Struthers
Coal & Coke Co., to be located near New Salem, in
Fayette county, Pa. The Struthers company is
controlled by the Struthers Furnace Co., of
Youngstown, O.. and it is understood that the
output of the new coking plant will be consumed
by the latter concern. A battery of 160 coke
ovens will be erected. The contract for the mine
shafts has been awarded to the Dravo Contracting
Co., of Pittsburgh, and oven machinery and equipment
contracts will be awarded within the next
few days.
Since the Deepwater Railroad Co. has won the
important case involving the right of way through
Jenny's gap, W. Va.. the announcement is made
that work will be commenced immediately toward
extending that line through the great coal fields
sought to be reached, forming a connection later
with the Guyandotte VaUey railroad, which has
its terminus at Huntington. This is a part of the
general network of plans of the Wabash system to
reach the coal fields, and the legal obstacles having
been removed, the work is to be pushed with
all the energy possible.
The H. C. Frick Coke Co. has decided to erect
large and substantial machine and car shops at
Trotter and Leisenring No. 3.
Sunday in Wheeling.
Leave Pittsburgh in the morning; return in the
evening, over Pennsylvania Lines. 8.20 a. m. train
Central time from Pittsburgh Union Station has
parlor car. Returning parlor car train leaves
Wheeling 2.55 p. m., arrives Pittsburgh 5.05 p. m.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
THE PULSE OF THE MARKETS.
Satisfactory conditions continue to prevail in
the general coal market and while there have
been no indications of changes in prices a tone
even firmer than that which began to manifest
itself a fortnight ago is clearly distinguishp-ble.
In Chicago and the western soft coal markets
there has been considerably more long-term contract
buying but the trade in spot coal is practically
unchanged. The summer outlook is uncertain
but there is no indication that the business
done will be below expectation. There has
been a slight slump in the southwest and St.
Louis and Kansas City are showing signs of being
overstocked. Business continues to be sluggish
in the upper lake region but there is good reason
to expect a revival very shortly, probably with
a slight advance in prices. In the lower lake region
there has been a steady and continuous improvement
and business is rapidly gaining impetus.
Stability has been given to this market
by the settlement of the price war between conflicting
interests one of which, some months ago,
cut the price of fuel coal to $2.10. The old price
of $2.50 has been restored and the effect is already
being felt in the Cleveland market, from
which it will speedily radiate over th? entire lake
region. Southern production is being pushed to
the utmost but is not yet equal to the demand.
Trade in the extreme south continues good with
supplies fair. Car shortage in the West Virginia
fields, and particularly the northern portion is
holding back the production. Apparently earnest
efforts are being made by the railroads to meet
the demands upon them. Additional motive power
and cars have been provided but the facilities are
still far short of the requirements. Production
is being curtailed to some extent in Ohio. Indiana
and Illinois, for various reasons. In the Pittsburgh
district, conditions are almost at their
best. The lake shipments are fast rounding into
full swing and production is being pushed in all
quarters. There has been a rush to get empty
craft up the Ohio and into the pools in view of
the likelihood of very low water. Conditions have
changed, however, and at this writing th-re is
some promise of another shipping stage. In
preparation for such an event some 7.000,000 or
8,000.000 bushels of coal have been centered in
the Pittsburgh harbor. Sufficient empty craft are
on hand to keep the river mines at work indefinitely.
Run-of-mine is still quoted at $1.05
to $1.10.
The coke market is still sluggish but there are
abundant signs of early activity with better prices.
There has been considerable low-grade coke in
the market, which the holders have found difficulty
in disposing of, but at no time has there
been trouble in selling good coke. There has
been some curtailment of production and few contracts
for future delivery are being made. The
longer this condition continues the higher prices
will go when the rush comes as it is sure to come
later in the season. Spot coke is worth $1.90 to
$2.00, though plenty of an inferior product may
be had at from 25 to 50 cents below those figures.
Foundry coke is quoted at $2.60 to $3.00. according
to quality.
An early improvement may be expected in the
eastern bituminous market. The various interests
identified with the trade have been in conference
and ways and means of disposing of the
difficulties of the situation have been devised.
Practically all of the speculative coal which has
hampered this market recently, has been got out
of the way, and contracts are being made freely.
Trade in the far east shows only a small amount
of business, but in spite of this, the tonnage arriving
at New England ports is far in excess of
the discharging facilities, while delays in unload-.
ing are deterring some orders for shipments at
the present time. Trade along the sound is quiet,
being interfered with not only by the strict attention
to anthracite but also to the heavy all-rail
shipments to this territory. New York harbor
trade shows more coal on hand than can be disposed
of promptly. The all-rail trade is quieter
than it has been, and the volume going forward
is less. Transportation from mines to tide is
better than schedule. Car supply is well up to
demand. The coastwise vessel market shows
boats scarce, and in great demand; the smaller
vessels appear to be entirely out of the market.
The anthracite market continues featureless.
The production during April was less than that
of the same month of last year but the total production
for the year to date is considerably in
excess of 1904. Car supply is partly responsible
for the falling off. the opening of the lake season
and the decreased water shipments from Atlantic
ports, with correspondingly increased rail shipments
to New England points having borne too
heavily on the available facilities.
In accrodiance with the established custom,
prices at terminal points were increased by 10c.
per ton on May 1. The local dealers will retain
their present prices for two months longer, probably,
when an advance of 25c. may be looked for.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Hull, Blyth & Co., of London and Cardiff, rener, are Philip P. Kobbe, Rand Drill Co., presiport
that large steam coals are in stronger dedent; H. I. Cleaver, Niles-Bement-Bond Co., vicemand
but that small coals are weaker with quopresident: C. B. Morse, Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill
tations as follows: Best Welsh steam coal, $3.42; Co., second vice-president; George H. Gibson, In­
seconds, $3.30; thirds, $3.06; dry coals, $3.18; best ternational Steam Pump Co., secretary; H. M.
Monmouthshire, $3.06; seconds, $2.94; best small Davis, Sprague Electric Co., treasurer; Rodman
steam coal, $2.28; seconds, $2.16; other sorts, $2.04. Gilder, Crocker-Wheeler Co., and Graham Smith,
Westinghouse companies, executive committee; H.
~7TT~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Tr7~
)• INDUSTRIAL NOTES. •
T. Lauretzen. Holophane Glass Co.; F. S. Wayne,
Robins Conveying Belt Co.; Lucius I. Wightman
anu Fred C. Inglehart, Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill
A party of prominent engineers and contractors, Co.; M. C. McQuiston and J. O. Little, Westing­
identified with tunneling enterprises, visited the house companies; C. P. Hutchins, Joseph Dixon,
Glendon, Pa., quarries of the Ingersoll-Sergeant Crucible Co.; F. C. Cheston, American Wood
Drill Co. on May 5 and saw in operation a new Working Machinery Co.; Dean Park, Hammacher,
method of tunnel driving with channelers. It was Schlemmer & Co.; F. R. Matthews, De La Vergne
of special interest on account of its availability Machine Co.; Dixon Boardman, Hall Signal Co.;
for tunneling under the foundations of buildings, F. H. Gale, General Electric Co.; C. S. Redfield
no heavy blasting being required. The guests left and R. R. Glenn, Yale & Towne Mfg. Co.; A. E.
New Y'ork on a special train over the Jersey Cen­ Michel, International Steam Pump Co.; A. N.
tral railroad. After the visit to the quarry, they Barber, John A. Roebling's Sons Co.; W. B. Snow,
were taken to the new manufacturing plant of the B. F. Sturtevant Co.; E. F. Schaefer, Rand Drill
Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. at Phillipsburg, N. J., Co.; H. H. Kress, Cameron Steam Pump Works;
where luncheon was served. The afternoon was F. B. Vail, American Air Compressor Works;
devoted to an inspection of the new works. The Arthur Warren, Allis-Chalmers Co.; A. E. New­
return was then made by special train. The party ton, I. T. E. Co.
included: Chief Engineer Charles M. Jacobs and
o o o
Assistant Chief Engineer Forgie of the Pennsylvania
tunnel under the Hudson river; Chief Engineer
Alfred Noble, of the Pennsylvania tunnel
under the East river; President J. F. O'Rourke,
Vice-President Frederick J. Gubelman and Chief
Engineer George B. Frey of the O'Rourke Engineering
& Construction Co.; Henry Japp, managing
director of the S. Pearson & Son, Inc.; H. B. Reed,
engineer for Contractor J. B. McDonald; St. John
Clarke, representing William Barclay Parsons;
President D. L. Hough, Vice-President William H.
Schmidt and Treasurer J. L. Pruyn, of the United
Engineering & Construction Co.; J. R. McKee.
manager of the mining department of the General
Electric Co.; E. J. Farrell, Benjamin B. Lawrence,
E. E. Kerwin, division superintendent of the New
Jersey Central railroad and Maurice Bouvier, secretary
of W. R. Grace & Co. The Ingersoll-Sergeant
Drill Co. was represented by President W.
L. Saunders, Vice-President J. P. Grace and Sales
Manager J. H. Jowett.
o o o
An interesting address on "The Machinery for
Marketing Machinery." was presented at the an­
The application of the principal of centralization
to compressed air work, while a comparatively new
departure, is attracting much attention in the
engineering world. A pamphlet that will be
appreciated by those interested in the subject has
just been issued by the Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill
Co. It describes the central compressed air power
plant of the Cleveland Stone Co., at Amherst, O.
Work was begun on the plant in July of last year.
The system, covering the ground as originally intended,
has been in operation since the early part
of this year. But extensions are now under way
which will mean an increase of about 50 per cent.
over the original scope of the enterprise. The
present installation handles the output of the
Gray Canon quarry, the largest sandstone quarry
in the world; but the air lines are being extended
to supply power to two neighboring quarries. The
system is a typical example of me modern idea
of centralized and economical power replacing a
number of scattered units operating at low economy
and under unfavorable conditions.
nual dinner of the Technical Publicity Association At the recent meeting of the Western Ontario
in New York recently by Emerson P. Harris, a Coal Dealers' Union at London the following offi­
specialist in trade and technical journalism and cers were elected: J. C. Hay, Listowel, Ont, presi­
advertising. This organization already represents dent; William Heamon, London, Ont, vice presi­
over 30 large manufacturers and many concerns dent The executive board was named as follows:
engaged in allied branches of industry are now Messrs. Frank Mann, Brantford; John Garnoch,
turning their attention to the problems of "printed Sarnia; A. J. Mcintosh, Woodstock; J. K. Mcsalesmanship."
The members of the association, Laughlin, Owen Sound and F. M. Griffin. St.
nearly all of whom were in attendance at the din­ Thomas.

A serious situation confronts the Amalgamated
Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Plate Workers.
The treasurer of the organization reports a shortage
of $50,000. A shortage of funds in the treasury
of a labor organization always engenders dissatisfaction
and often much bitterness of feeling,
and there is every reason to believe that it will
be so in this instance. The shortage has occurred
in spite of three or four special levies on the members
of the association. This shows that the expenditure
of the association's funds has been far
beyond the normal income. According to the report
of Secretary-Treasurer Williams the almost
only source of increased expenditures has been
strikes.
* * *
The United - -.ne Workers' Journal announces
that from a paid-up membership of the United
Mine Workers for the fiscal year ending November
30, 1904, of 263.261, the paid-up membership
had grown during the quarter ending March 31,
1905, to 298,379. It is stated that in addition
there were over 32,000 members in good standing,
but who were exonerated because of strikes or
lockouts, making a grand total of 330,379. The
claim is also made that by July 1 the membership
will be 360.000.
* * *
The examinations for mine foremen and fire
bosses in the Ninth bituminous district will be
held at Connellsville, Pa., on May 16, 17 and 18.
The applicants who desire to take the examination
for fire boss only will be required to attend
on May 19. Under a new ruling of the chief
of the bureau of mines, this year, applicants can
be examined only in districts in which they live.
* * *
The efforts being put forth by the United Mine
Workers to organize the miners in the Irwin coal
district led to a quarrel between J. M. Evans, an
organizer, and Joseph Parfitt, one of the oldest
miners of the district, with the result that Evans
was fined by the local authorities.
Governor Pennypacker, of Pennsylvania, has
signed the Garner bill, prohibiting the employment
of children under 14 years of age around the
outside of anthracite coal mines and under 16
years of age in the inside workings of such mines.
* * *
A part of the old Tyrone coke works, near
Broad Ford, Pa., is again to be placed in operation
after an idleness of practically three years.
* * *
Despite the strike, all the mines at Coal Creek,
Tenn.. are in full operation, running almost full
time and working nearly 1,800 men.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
H RETAIL TRADE NOTES. H
W. C. Goss has retired from the Goss-Johnson
Bros. Coal & Supply Co., at Omaha, Neb., and the
firm will be known hereafter as the Keystone
Lumber Co.
*
The Citizens Ice & Coal Co. has been formed
at Massillon. O., with a capital of $10,000, by F. R.
Shepley, I. M. Taggart, J. F. Shepley, William
Smith and F. F. Taggart.
The coal rate from the Southeastern Kansas
mines to Belleville, Kas., has been reduced from
$2.12 per ton to $1.76 per ton.
At Omaha, Neb., the Union Fuel Co. has been incorporated,
with a capital stock of $50,000, to do
a retail business.
*
H. F. Mason & Co. have been succeeded in the
fuel business at Los Angeles, Cal., by F. D. Cartzdainer.
*
Quackenbush & Co., of Holton, Kas., have sold
their coal business to the Elkhart Lumber & Coal
Co.
*
J. M. Curtis has succeeded to the coal business
of the old firm of Warner & Curtis, at Olathe, Kas.
*
The Wichita Coal Co. has been incorporated at
Wichita, Kas., with a capital stock of $10,000.
*
John Goodwine has sold his coal business at
Wichita, Kas., to Kopplin & Anderson.
M. F. Adams has sold his coal business at Fort
Collins. Colo., to Tubbs & Trampton.
*
The Central Anthracite Coal Co. has disposed
of its business at Spadra, Ark.
*
The West Coast Feed & Fuel Co. has been incorporated
at Los Angeles, Cal.
An order was issued on April 30 by Chief Inspector
James Roderick, of the Pennsylvania bureau
of mines, directing that a test be immediately
made of every mine cage in the anthracite region,
with a view of ascertaining whether the safety
appliances are in working order. The mine inspectors
are under orders to insist that the inspection
be carried out in their presence and in a
thorough manner, and according to the methods
that they demand. Each inspector was also instructed
to examine the cable at the various shafts
and will condemn those with broken strands.

4 4 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE
ANTHRACITE CONCILIATION BOARD.
A sumary of the work of the conciliation board
appointed by the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission,
from the time of its inception up to January
12, 1905, is as follows:
Grievances submitted 125
By employers 6
By employes 119
Cases compromised 3
Cases withdrawn 42
Grievances sustained IS
Grievances partially sustained 3
Grievances not sustained 28
Mutually settled 9
The service of an umpire was required in but
14 cases, all otlier being settled by the board.
Several cases were dropped owing to the fact that
the grievances were presented by those not parties
to the award, and several other cases are still
pending.
The conciliation board was formed for the purpose
of taking up and considering, subject to an
amicable settlement, all differences existing between
employer and employe and how well the
conciliators succeeded in the work for which the
board was formed is shown by the fact that since
its formation in the latter part of March, 1903.
up to the present time fully 135 grievances have
been taken up from the various sections of the
anthracite coal fields and in the majority of cases
have been settled in a manner eminently satisfactory
to employer and employe, and during all this
time, covering a period of more than two years,
no dissatisfaction has arisen of sufficient moment
to cause a strike.
Exceptions may be taken to the above statement
owing to the fact that in 1903 the employes
of the Red Ash Coal Company declared a strike
which lasted for six months. This company, however,
was not a party to the commission and therefore
this grievance never came before the conciliation
board for corsideration for settlement and in
addition the strike was never authorized by the
national board of United Mine workers, the officers
of that organization repudiating the action of the
men, who thereupon waged the fight independently.
Of the 125 cases acted upon by the board from
the time of the first meeting up to and including
the meeting held on January 12 of the present
year but three were compromised, the others
being satisfactorily settled, the decisions being
clean cut and definite, the grievance being either
sustained or not sustained.
The jurisdiction of the board expires Apiil 1,
1906, and whether it will be continued after that
date depends largely upon what action is taken by
the miners between now and that date. The board
is composed of six members, three representing
the coal companies and three representing the
miners. When the employes of any colliery have
a grievance it is duly presented to the board by a
representative of the mine workers and when
reached, testimony is heard by the conciliation
board, which occupies practically the same position
in hearing cases as does a grand jury, and
after all testimony is in a decision is reached.
Probably never in the history of the world has
a board such as the above been formulated, and it
was created largely as an experiment, as at the
time of its organization but few had any faith in
its ability to accomplish the results which have
been reached. It is composed of practical mining
men. each competent to judge of the merits of the
questions in dispute, and has proven conclusively
that where a body of men is actuated by a spirit
of fairness great results have been accomplished.
In all cases where grievances have arisen the
trouble has been setled without the loss of a single
day by either the men or the employes, and both
sides have held closely to the terms of the agreement
by which the strike of 1902 was settled, t,
Between $6,000,000 and $7,000,000 have been paid
out by the coal companies in the anthracite region
each month since the conciliation board was
formed, and the Wyoming Valley, as well as the
entire anthracite region, has experienced a season
of prosperity such as was never before known in
the history of coal mining, all classes of business
sharing in the profits accruing from the sense of
security arising from the knowledge that this industry
would not be disrupted by a labor war.
Damage Suits From Virginia Disaster.
Suits aggregating $1,000,000 have been filed
against the Alabama Steel & Wire Co. as a result
of the explosion in the Virginia mine on February
20 last. The plaintiffs in the suits are administrators
of the estates of thirty-five of the 111 victims
of the explosion. Suits aggregating about
$1,000,000 had previously been brought against the
Alabama Steel & Wire Co. The bills are all similar
and all complain that the casualty was due to
negligence on the part of the operating conipany.
Samuel Hartley, mine superintendent, is charged
with wanton negligence, and is alleged to have
allowed gas to accumulate in the mines and to
have been aware of tnis fact, but to have still
allowed men to work in the slope. It is further
charged that the mine was provided with no suitable
means of escape, and that the fire boss, An­
derson Donaldson, was incompetent to perform his
duties. The added claim is made that the defendant
conipany failed to exercise care in the
conduct of the mines.
Frank Short has succeeded to the coal and grain
business of Short & Allison, at Wamego. Kas.

TEXT OF JUDGE CAMERON'S
RULING IN THE MORRIS RUN
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
INJUNCTION PROCEEDINGS.
The following is the text of the ruling handed
down recently by Judge David Cameron, of the
Common Pleas Court, of Tioga County, Pensylvania,
in disposing of the injunction proceedings
brought by the Morris Run Coal Co., against eer
tain of its former employes who struck several
months ago. There are a number of points in the
ruling which seem to be at variance with precedents
established in similar actions, carrying
practically synonymous allegations. Judge Cameron,
it is stated was himself employed as a coal
miner before taking up the legal profession.
Cameron, P. ./.. April 14, 1904. The plaintiff's
bill in Paragraph 6 alleges that the above named
defendants and their associates, agents, servants
and employes have, since the — day of November,
1904, interfered with persons who have desired and
now desire to enter the employ of the company
plaintiff, and have unlawfully conspired to execute
this unlawful interference by the following
means:
(a) That certain of said defendants, in large
numbers, met, followed and surrounded, on public
highways and elsewhere, certain employes and
workmen of the plaintiff company who desire to
remain in its employment, and by threats of personal
harm and injury, and angry words and
violent and abusive conduct and gestures and,
by assaults, attempted to prevent and intimidate
and debar, and have succeeded in intimidating and
thereby, preventing and deterring certain employes
from remaining in the employment of said plaintiff
company.
(b) That the defendants caused certain of their
associates, agents and servants to watch and
PICKET THE RAILROAD STATION,
and the public highways, and to intercept workmen
on their way to the plaintiff company's works
who were contemplating accepting employment
under it, and have thereby, and by means of
threats and intimidation prevented certain of such
persons from entering the employment of said
plaintiff company.
(c) That certain of the defendants and their
associates have congregated about the houses and
places of abode of certain employes and workmen
of the plaintiff company, and have conspired together
in that way and by means of threats of
personal violence and intimidation, and by the use
of vile language and opprobrious names and
epithets, to prevent and frighten the said employes
from remaining in the employment of the said
plaintiff company.
The bill further alleges that by reason of the
above described unlawful acts the plaintiff is
hindered, embarrassed and irreparably injured in
the use of its property and mines and prevented
from obtaining and retaining laborers to operate
the same, and on that account is unable to carry
out its contracts and its property is depreciated
and is otherwise irreparably damaged.
The court, on the presentation of the bill, on
March 21 last, granted a preliminary injunction
restraining the defendants and their associates
from doing the acts, or any of them alleged, and
set the hearing for the 29th day of March. The
sheriff's return shows that the foregoing persons
were served with the bill and injunction: Adam
Guy, Wm. McLaughlan, Robert Glover, Ed. F.
Hayes, C. W. Swinsick, Joseph G. Parsell, David
Sterling, George Summers, Wm. Waddell, Harry
Wallock, John W. Kelly, Hugh Coughans, Joseph
Ginter, Rudolph Rudintski, Mike Kamis, Robert
Lindley, Isaac Naylor, Tom Naylor and Walter
Lucas, in Morris Run, and John P. O'Dea, James
Purcell, Patrick Moriarity, Herman Ginsburg and
John Turner, in Blossburg, Tioga county, Pa.,
March 22d, 1905, David Estop, Alexander Hutchinson,
John X. Jenkins, Frank Sheffer, Louis Lubaski,
Edward Carlson. On that day the parties
appeared, the plaintiff by its agents and counsel,
S. F. Channell, H. F. Marsh and Frank S. Hughes.
and the defendants in person and by their counsel,
George W. Merrick, J. A. Gleason and W. M.
Fairman. The defendants
FILLED AN ANSWER DENYING
every material allegation in the plaintiff's bill and
moved the court to dissolve the injunction on the
answer. It was then agreed by counsel represent
ing the respective sides that the evidence be taken
for the final hearing and determination of the case.
This agreement was entered of record.
The witnesses in support of the bill and answer
were produced, sworn and their testimony taken.
When the parties had rested, counsel for the plaintiff
asked leave to amend the bill by adding the
following: "That certain of the defendants and
their associates have from time to time undertaken
to and induced certain employes of the plaintiff
company, by means of persuasion, solicitation
and the use of money to quit the employment of
the said plaintiff company in violation of their contract
with said company." We allowed the amendment
to be filed and will hereafter notice the legal
effect of it and of the evidence given in its support.
From all the evidence adduced we find the
following facts:
The Morris Run Coal Mining Co., is a corporation
organized and doing business under the laws of
Pennsylvania, at Morris Run, in Tioga county.
where it has carried on the business of mining
and shipping of coal for many years, and has given
employment to large numbers of men, among
whom are most of these defendants. There is
at Morris Run a labor organization known as

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"Local Union No. 1370," to which most of these
defendants belong.
On or about April 1, 1904, the company, through
its general superintendent, W. S. Nearing, reduced
the scale of wages that it had been paying. The
employes among whom were most of these defendants,
refused to work at the scale of wages
offered, and the result was a general strike which
practical y continued to tne filing of the bill. I'hey
refused to work at the reduced price offered, and
the company refused to increase the offer.
On the 21st of January last, the company had in
its employ Chas. Hawthorne, David Ogden, Otto
Jurrs, Tom Withey and Frank Murphy. On their
way from work, about 6.30 o'clock in the evening
they found twenty to twenty-five men at a bridge
they had to cross in Hamilton township. Tioga
county. Pennsylvania. Six of tnese men had drawn
revolvers; Ogden was struck several times with an
ax they took from him, knocked down and other­
wise
GRIEVIOUSLY MALTREATED.
Frank Murphy was also struck. They were all
asked to swear that tney would not work any more
for the company. The persons identified who took
part in their assault are the defendants, Robert
Glover and Pat Moriarity; they each pointed a
revolver at these men. They are both strikers
and belong to the union at Morris Run. Their
assault was unprovoked and brutal in the extreme.
On the 14th of March last, Marion Vermilyea,
Thadeus Spencer, Addison Spencer and Clarence
Spencer applied for and obtained work from the
company. On their way home they met a crowd
of twenty or twenty-hve men about a quarter of
a mile from Morris Run village, who inquired if
they were going to work for the company, and,
on being informed that they were, these men set
upon and assaulted them most cruelly. Thadeus
Spencer was knocked unconscious. They were
threatened with death if they came back to work.
The persons who were identified who were present
and took part in this assault are John Parsell,
George Somers, Wm. Waddell, David Sterling and
Thomas Naylor. These men are all members of
the union and all defendants except Thomas Naylor,
and he was served by the sheriff with a copy
of the bill and injunction and was in court during
the hearing.
On the 15th and 16th of March last, Malcolm Mc-
Dougall. assistant superintendent of the company
plaintiff, and on its behalf, arranged to bring
about sixty men from Bernice to Morris Run to
work for the said company in the mines. He
agreed to pay tlieir fare to Morris Run and the expense
of moving their household effects and 82
cents per gross ton. There was no evidence to
show that the strikers knew the terms on which
these men came there to work. They arrived in
Morris Run on Friday morning, the 17th day of
March, in company witn E. B. Dorsett, sheriff of
the county. He boarded the train at Tioga, about
twenty miles from Morris Run, and rode with
them to that place. He stayed there all day Friday
and until the middle of the afternoon on Saturday,
and returned on Monday morning about
6.30 or 7 o'clock and stayed there until the end of
the week. He returned on Tuesday of the following
week and stayed that week. When the train
arrived there were 150 to 200 persons
INCLUDING WOMEN AND CHILDREN,
among whom were several of these defendants,
on the street and in tne vicinity of the depot. On
the morning of the 20th. when the Bernice people
went to work there were twenty to fifty strikers
on the street near where they met before they
started for the mines. At other times the strikers,
among whom were a number of these defendants,
mingled with them on the streets and talked with
them. We notice these instances because it was
strenuously urged by the plaintiff's counsel that
the presence of the strikers on these and other
occasions was an intimidation and unlawful, although
nothing of an unfriendly or hostile nature
was said or done.
After careful consideration of the evidence
we find that, excepting the two instances already
given, and the defendants mentioned in connection
therewith, the plaintiff has failed to sustain any
of the material allegations of the bill. With these
exceptions the strikers were quiet, peaceable and
orderly and showed no hostility towaro the workmen.
This conclusion is abundantly justified by
the evidence. They have not conspired in any
illegal design against the company plaintiff.
I a ) They have not met, followed and surrounded
on public highways employes of the plaintiff
conipany, who desired to remain in its emp'oyment,
and by threats of personal harm and injury and
angry words and violent and abusive conduct and
gestures, and by assaults, attempted to prevent,
intimidate and debar and have succeeded in intimidating
and ther-by deterring certain employes
from remaining in the employment of the said compa~y
plaintiff.
(b) They have not caused certain of their associates,
agents and servants to watch and picket
the railroad stations and the public highways and
intercept workmen on their way to the plaintiff
company's works who were contemplating accepting
employment under it, and have not thereby
and by means of
THREATS AND INTIMIDATIONS
prevented certain of such persons from entering
the employment of said plaintiff company.
(c) They have not, neither have their asso­
ciates, congregated about the house and places of
abode of certain employes and workmen and eonspired
together in that way and by means of
threats of personal violence and intimidation and

y the use of vile language and opprobrious names
and epithets, to prevent the said employes from remaining
in the employ of said company. They
have not done any of these things above alleged.
John X. Jenkins, Harry Wollock, David Estep
and John Turner, have by peaceable persuasion
only tried to induce certain of the company's employes
to quit work and join the union or go
away. James Purcell and John Turner paid some
of those who quit and went away some money,
and David Estep offered Martin Wallace some
money if he would persuade some of these employes
to quit work. We notice these instances
because the amendment covers them.
The defendants were employes of the plaintiff
and the cause of the strike was a difference between
them on account of a reduction in wages.
They had the right to strike and quit work for
any reason or for no reason. The law gives them
that right. It also gives to the men who came
to take their places the right to work on any terms
they saw fit to make. So the men who quit work
and the men who took their places were equally
within their rights, and the law must and will
secure them in the exercise of those rights. When
any man or number of men undertake to abridge
those rights injunction is a proper remedy. A
court of equity may interfere by injunction to prevent
persons from attempting by intimidation,
threats of personal violence and other unlawful
means to force employes to quit work and join
in a strike. State Line & Sullivan Railroad Co.
vs. Brown et al., 11 District Report, 509. It is
needless to multip'y authorities in support of this
proposition. It would be the imperative duty of
a court of equity to interfere by injunction where
employes or those about to be employed had been
threatened, intimidated and assaulted becaute they
were, or were about to become, employes to take
the places of men who had quit work.
The plaintiff was
ENTITLED TO AN INJUNCTION
under the allegations of the bill. To justify
the maintenance of it there must at least have
been shown intimidation by acts or words, some
thing threatened or done to take away the exercise
of the free will of the employes. With the exceptions
already discussed there was nothing of
that kind shown. The mere presence of these
defendants and the others under the conditions
shown was not unlawful. They neither said nor
did anything calculated to interfere with the exercise
of free will by the new employes. It would
be a dangerous assumption of power and an unwarranted
interference with the rights of the citizen
for the court to maintain an injunction simply
on account of numbers. Members of working
men's associations have the right either as individuals
or as an organization to cease work for an
employer, and to use all lawful means to induce
inc. uUAL 1 K/\lJli li U L.L.J11 1 IN . -, I
others to cease to work for such an employer,
but an injunction will lie to restrain them
from attempting by force or threats to prevent
others from working for such employer.
Beach on Injunctions, Vol. 1, Section 504.
Persuasion, even supplemented by the offer of
money, is not an interference with the exercise
of free will. "A permanent injunction will not
be granted against a combination of persons whose
object it is to entice away workmen from their
employment, nor can the employer maintain an
injunction in equity to recover such damages as
he has sustained." Beach on Injunctions, Vol. 1,
Section 505. They (the strikers) are free men and
have the right to quit the employ of the plaintiff
company whenever they see fit to do so, and no
one can prevent them; and, whether their act of
quitting is wise or unwise, just or unjust, it is
NOBODY'S BUSINESS BUT THEIR OWN.
And they have the right to use fair persuasion to
induce others to join them in their quitting. This
was said hy the supreme court of Missouri in the
ease of Hamilton Brown Shoe Co. vs. Saxey, 2d
American and English Dec. in Equity 356.
In Erdman vs. Mitchell, 207 Pa., the court say:
"It is argued defendants either individually or by
organization, have the right now to peaceably persuade
plaintiffs and others not to work and their
employers not to hire them; so they have. This
deliverance of the supreme court clearly shows
that the defendants, whose conduct we are now
considering, were clearly within their rights in
all they did.
"Workingmen who are dissatisfied with the
wages they are receiving, or have other grievances,
may 'strike,' either individually or as a union.
without making themselves amenable to law."
To accomplish the purpose of their strike they
have the right to speak of and publish their reasons
and grievances, and, by argument, entreaty
and other legitimate means, to persuade their fellow
workers and others that their cause is just.
Striking miners, as any other association or organization,
have a right to maintain a camp or a
camp meeting, and to have speeches and addresses
free from incendiary or inflammatory language.
for the purpose of attracting and gaining new
converts to their way of thinking; and, to advance
the interests of their cause, they have the right to
do anything that does not unlawfully interfere
with the rights of others. Cook & Sons vs. Dolan
et al., 6th D. R. 524. In the case cited it was
shown that the strikers had established a camp
and paraded with a flag and music. On page 526
the court says: "Whether the conduct of the
strikers is unlawful or not depends on circumstances.
If the camp is established and the
parades with music are indulged in in a reasonable
degree and manner, but to attract the plaintiff's
miners and to impress upon them the magni-

IS lirili LUAL IKADii tfULLUllN.
tude of the strike and the importance of the cause
in which they are enlisted and no trespass on
private property is committed, and no acts of
disorder are indulged in; then I can see nothing
more unlawful in their conduct than in that of
those who take part in our political parades, or in
the camp and
MARCHES OF THE SALVATION ARMY.
Noise and display and hurrahs and number are
not necessarily unlawful."
To the thoughtful and intelligent there may be
no argument and logic in such things by which the
interest in a cause affecting large bodies of men
is advanced. But in the swaying of men and the
enlisting their sympathies, and in reaching out
after their support they are continually resorted
to in all departments of human activity, even in
the support of the cause of religion." It is one
of the indefeasible rights of a mechanic or a laborer
in this commonwealth to fix such value on
his services as he sees proper, and under the constitution
there is no power lodged anywhere to
compel him to work for less than he chooses to
accept. But in this case the workmen went further;
they agreed that no one of them would work
for less than the demand, and oy all lawful means,
such as reasoning and persuasion, they would prevent
other workmen from working for less. Their
right to do this is also Ciear. Cote vs. Murphy
et al., 159 Pa., 425.
We have not been able to find a case where an
injunction was maintained where tne means employed
by the defendants were peaceable, and there
were none cited. The right of persuasion and
argument is recognized in many cases in addition
to those above cited.
The means used by tne defendants, o.-er than
those already named in connection with the two
instances of threats and assaults, were peaceable
and fair and did not in any way restrict the strike
breakers in the free exercise of the will. Even the
offer or the payment of money to induce them to
quit left them free to do as they pleased.
For all these reasons we conclude that the defendants
were within their rights in doing all
they did. It follows, therefore, that the injunction
must be dissolved, excepting as to the defendants
Robert Glover. Pat Moriarity. David Sterling,
Thomas Naylor, John G. Parsell, George
Somers and William Waddell.
There is another matter to which it may be
well to call attention of counsel as a question of
practice.
The motion to dissolve the temporary injunction
on the filing of the answer, was discussed exhaustively
by the respective counsel. The general
rule of equity pleading invoked by defendants'
counsel—that when the answer positively denies
every material allegation of the bill and the issue
is tried on hill and answer,
CREDIT MUST BE GIVEN
the answer and the temporary injunction dissolved,
is a rule of law of long standing in all the states,
and sustained by innumerable decisions in this
state. When the answer denies the equities of
the bill, the presumption of the truth of facts
stated in the bill is shifted to the answer and the
denial is taken to be true. This is the general,
though not universal, rule. There are exceptions
to its application. For instance, if the allegations
in the bill should concern a powder or dynamite
manufactory, or a public nuisance where danger to
life and limb was imminent, or concerned railroad
crossing at grade, where the public interest or
safety was at hazard, the rule would not be enforced
and the temporary injunction would stand.
It appeared from the restarch of the counsel for
defendants that the case at bar which charges
"irreparable injury" to plaintiff also fell into the
class of exceptions (see Patterson's appeal, 129
Pa., Section 109, and Railroad vs. Railroad, 151
Pa., Section 402), and their request to withdraw
the motion to dissolve was granted.
The injunction should be dissolved and bill dismissed
as to Adam Guy, Wm. McLaughlin, Ed. F.
Hayes, C. W. Swinsick, Harry Wellock, John W.
Kelly, Hugh L. Coughans, Joseph Ginter, Rudolph
Rudinxski, Mike Kamis, Robert Lindie, Isaac Naylor,
Walter Lucas, John P. O'Dea, James Purcell,
Herman Ginsburg, John Turner, Louis Lambaski,
Frank Sheffer, John X. Jenkins, David Estep, Alexander
Hutchinson and Edward Carlson.
2. The conduct of the defendants, Robert Glover,
John G. Parsell, David Sterling, George Somers,
Jr., Wm. Waddell, Thomas Naylor and Patrick
Moriarity is an unlawful combination and conspiracy
to injure the plaintiff company and to interfere
with its business.
3. This unlawful conduct and acts of the last
above named defendants did injure the plaintiff
and continuing and threatening the acts constitute
an irreparable injury to the plaintiff company and
of its rights.
4. The plaintiff company had no adequate rem­
edy at law, but have a remedy in equity.
5. The injunction should be continued as to
the defendants: Robert Glover, David Sterling,
George Somers, Jr., Thomas Naylor, John G. Par-
sell, Wm. Waddell and Patrick Moriarity.
The Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. is circulating
Bulletin No. 2001, of its pneumatic tool series, de­
scribing and illustrating the construction, opera­
tion and advantages of the "Little Jap" rock drill.
This drill is made to meet all grades of rock work.

PA
^
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
:#l§#fN§#
REMbRANDT PEALE, PRESIDENT. JNO. W. PEALE, GEN-L MANAGER. (ffi&
J. H. LUMLEY, TREASURER.
No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.
«

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
FOR SALE.
Five hundred acres South Connellsville cok­
ing coal for sale; vein 9% feet thick, 212 feet
deep. Two railroads through the tract and sur­
rounded by 5,000 ovens in operation; 500 within
one hundred yards of this coal. Six shafts on
Analysis o
Moisture,
Volatile
Matter,
Fixed Car
In.ii.
Ash,
Sulphur,
f Coal
.32
33.08
57.47
9.13
.98
three sides within one quarter mile;
two shafts less than 200 feet from
this coal. One-half mile frontage on
Monongahela river. A fine grade
of coking coal. Inquire of
A. R. STRUBLE,
Masontown, Fayette, Co., Pa.
FOR. SALE.
Complete Haulage Plant consisting of 1 pair
10"xl6" double drum haulage engines geared 3 to
1 with steam operated clutches and foot brakes.
capable of winding 5000 ft. of %" rope.
One 5-ft sheave, four 4-ft. sheaves, two 30"
sheaves, five 24" sheaves, seven 12" sheaves, two
36" horizontal sheaves, 72 Bell sheaves.
Also one 65 H. P. Erie City Iron Works economic
boiler, with stack and fittings complete.
Also 4950 ft. V dia. Roebling steel wire rope.
" 6500 ft. %" "
" 2100 ft. %" "
Rope in operation two months, balance of ma­
terial in operation about two years.
Price complete F. O. B. cars—$2,800.00.
Enquire of W. R. ELLIOTT,
1105 Arrott Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Wonderful Scenic Trip Across Rocky Mountains
to Oregon Exposition.
In certain respects the excursions to the Lewis
and Clark Centennial Exposition, Portland, Oregon,
via Pennsylvania Lines, beginning May 23d
and continuing through the summer, offer advantages
never before presented to exposition
visitors. The trip to the Oregon exposition, in
addition to the attractiveness of the extensive
exhibits, includes the journey through the scenic
wonderland of the Rocky Mountains and the
Cascade Range, and what American has not looked
forward from the days of the geography class in
school to the time when those great sights should
be seen in reality? The time was never so favorable
as now. The trip may be made less expensively
than ever. For only a slight difference
in fare tourists may extend their trip to San
Francisco and Los Angeles. The return trip may
be made over a different route, enabling travelers
to view much more of the West. For full particulars,
fares, dates of special excursions to Portland
on account of conventions, through time and passenger
service apply to J. K. Dillon, District Passenger
Agent, 515 Park building, PittsDurgh, Pa.
Low Fares to California Through Portland, Oregon,
via Pennsylvania Lines.
Account Knights of Columbus National Council.
Excursion tickets will be sold May 28th to 31st to
San Francisco and Los Angeles, good for stopover
at Portland to visit Lewis and Clark Centennial.
Further information may be obtained
from J. K. Dillon. District Passenger Agent, 515
Park building, Pittsburgh.
©lo Colon? Coal & Cofte Co.
1kc\>stone Building, flMttsburob, fl>a.
ligonier gteam Coal
fliMnes
(ifiounOeville (3ae Coal
Connellevilk Coke.
j Xtgonfer, fl5a., fl>. IR. IR.
I rTDounosville, TO. Da., J6. 8. IR. 1R.
j

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
| GEORGE I. WHITNEY. PRESIDENT. A. C. KNOX. TREASURER. 5
HOSTETTER CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HIGHEST GRADE
CONNELLSVILLE COKE
FURNACE AND FOUNDRY ORDERS SOLICITED.
FricK Building,
i BELL TELEPHONE, 696 COURT. "^ PITTSBUlVVin, "A..
^IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIllllllllllllllllliiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiuiiiiiuiiiiiiimiiiiiimniiiimiiiimuiiii imuummuiuwmuumiuiummmimumiimmu^
APOLLO COAL CO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
APOLLO HIGH GRADE STEAM COAL
JOHNSTOWN MILLER VEIN
COAL.
GENERAL OFFICES: GREENSBURG, PA.
•THE-
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
"C C B
"POCAHONTAS^
.SMOKELESS^
A SYMBOL OF QUALITY
Our registered Trade Mark covering THK CELEBRATED C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL,
corresponds to the Sterling Stamp on Silver, as the United States Geological Survey has made it
THE STANDARD FOR GRADING ALL STEAM FUEL.
POCAHONTAS
TRADE MARK REGISTERED
C. C. B. Pocahontas Smokeless
Is the oniy American Coal that has been Officially indorsed by the
Governments of (treat Britain, Germany and Austria, and is the
Favorite Fuel with the United States Navy, which has used it
almost exclusively for many years.
UNEQUALED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM,
AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES.
CASTNER, CURRAN & BULLITT,
SOLE AGENTS
C. C. B. POCAHONTAS SMOKELESS COAL.
MAIN OFFICES: ARCADE BUILDING. 1 SO. 15TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
BRANCH OFFICES :
1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITV. OLD COLONY New YORK BUILDING. CHICAGO, III.
CITIZENS' BANK BUILDING, NORFOLK. 126 STATE VA. STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
EUROPEAN AGENTS .
HULL. BLYTH A. COMPANY, A FENCHURCH AVENUE, LONDON, E. C. ENGLAND
NEAVE BUILDING, CINCINNATI, OHH
TERRY BUILDING, ROANOKE, VA.

5 '2 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LA
r\ L COMMHY
(INCORPORATED.)
LARGEST INDEPENDENT MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF STRICTLY
PITTSBURGH
THIN-VEIN PAN-HANDLE
COAL.
COMBINED DAILY CAPACITY 4000 TONS.
SHIPMENTS ARE MADE VIA PENNSYLVANIA LINES, P. &. L. E., ERIE, L. S. 4 M. S.
AND ALL CONNECTIONS.
GENERAL OFFICES, CARNEGIE, PA.
BELL PHONE NO., CARNEGIE 70.
LUHRIG
THE
MINES LARGE.
COAL
NO SLACK. NO
LONG DISTANCE PHONE
MAIN 3094
SLATE. NO CLINKER.
BURNS TO A WHITE ASH.
MINED ONLY BY
LUHRIG
FOURTH AND PLUM
COAL
STREETS,
CINCINNATI,
SSJ
CO.
OHIO.

J V
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
ARTHUR BROCK, President, Lebanon, Pa. A. S. McCREATH, Secretary and Treasurer, Harrisburg, Pa.
E. F. SAXMAN, General Manager, Latrobe, Pa.
DERRY COAL AND COKE COMPANY
(CHARTERED)
Miners and Manufacturers of The Very Best Quality
. . . OF . . .
CONNELLSVILLE COAL
..AND..
COKE
MINES AND OVENS NEAR
Latrobe, Westmoreland Co., on Main Line of P. R. R.
Main Office, LATROBE, PA.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
. FAMOUS
TT
SOUTH FORK, "AffvOYLE PENNSYLVANIA.
O A
SMOKELESS
C r» A. V
r

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
!
STEAM COAL
. and
CONNELLSVILLE COKE, \

(6 : af
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
J. L. SPANGLER, JOS. H. REILLY, JOS. B. CAMPBELL,
PRESIDENT. V. PREST. & TREAS. SECRETARY.
Duncan=Spangler Coal Company,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
"BLUBAKER" and "DELTA"
BITUMINOUS COAL,
AN A-NO. 1 ROLLING MILL COAL.
FIRST-CLASS FOR STEAM USES.
. OFFICES: -
1414 SO. PENN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. No. 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
._ SPANGLER, CAMBRIA COUNTY, PA. _.
r\s IA
ACME COAL MINING CO
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
CELEBRATED
ACME AND AVONDALE
HIGH GRADE
STEAM COALS.
MINES:
SLIGO BRANCH B. & A. V. DIVISION OF P. B. B.
GENERAL OFFICES : - GREENSBURG, PA.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
»AmtAmAd*Amk*+M•* — a —a —a — » *~ — » — fe
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
LATROBE STEAM COAL
GENERAL OFFICES:
«

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PURITAN COAL MINING CO
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
PURITAN AND CRESCENT \ J
BITUMINOUS COALS.
STINEMAN COAL MINING COMPANY,
SOUTH FORK COALS.
26 South 15th Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
OFFICES.
No. 1 Broadway,
NEW YORK.
ALTOONA COAL & COKE CO.
MINERS AND SKIPPERS OE
CELEBRATED DELANEY COAL,
AND
LTORSESLTOE COAL,
(MILLER 'VEIN'.)
UNSURPASSED FOR ROLLING MILL USE. : : : : : A SUPERIOR SMITHING COAL.
MANUFACTURERS OF COKE.
ALTOONA, FA.
J. P. MURPHY, President. W. L. DIXON, Vice-President and General Manager. JAS. J. FLANNERY, Treasurer.
MEADOW LANDS COAL GO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
PITTSBURGH COAL.
Mines at Meadow Lands,
On the Panhandle Railway.
DAILY CAPACITY 1,000 TONS.
57
GENERAL OFFICES:
Farmers BanK Bldg., 5th Ave. & Wood St.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EMPIRE COAL MINING CO.
BELLAIRE, OHIO.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Famous Empire No. 8 Coal,
CAPACITY 3,000 TONS DAILY.
MINES LOCATED ON
C. & P. R. R., B. & O. R. R. AND OHIO RIVER.
COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE SENT TO LOUIS P. NEWMAN, MANAGER, BELLAIRE, OHIO.
J « V.
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.,
Mines: CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES.
Miners and Shippers of
"Greenwich"
Bituminous Coal.
Celebrated for
STEAM AND BI-PRODUCT PURPOSES.
GENERAL OFFICE :
Latrobe, Penna.