The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki

Recommendations

Info

11. A Challenge from Textbook Bioenergetics and Free Radical Chemistry ................................................................................. 139 11.1. The Effect of Oxidative Stress on Non-Mutant Mitochondria ................................................. 139 11.2. Perhydroxyl: The Forgotten Radical ......................................... 139 11.3. Mitchell’s Oversimplification ................................................... 143 12. Some Testable Predictions of MiFRA .................................................. 159 12.1. Some Predictions of SOS ........................................................... 159 12.2. Some Predictions of the Reductive Hotspot Hypothesis......... 160 12.3. Negligible Senescence: Predictions of MiFRA ......................... 161 13. Prospects for Intervention .................................................................... 165 13.1. Some Probably Futile Approaches ............................................ 166 13.2. A Way to Obviate mtDNA ........................................................ 169 13.3. A Way to Destroy Anaerobic Cells ........................................... 170 13.4. Gene Therapy ............................................................................. 170 14. Ablation of Anaerobic Cells: Techniques and Hurdles ....................... 173 14.1. Apoptosis: A Ready-Made Cell Killer ....................................... 173 14.2. Specificity and Frequency of Treatment................................... 173 14.3. Disposal of Dead Cells ............................................................... 174 14.4. Replacement of Dead Cells ....................................................... 174 14.5. Segmental Cell Death ................................................................ 175 15. Transgenic Copies of mtDNA: Techniques and Hurdles ................... 177 15.1. Changes to the Coding Sequences ........................................... 177 15.2. Targeting to Mitochondria....................................................... 177 15.3. Regulation of Expression; Copy Number................................ 178 15.4. Stoichiometry: Interference by Endogenous Wild-Type mtDNA ...................................................................................... 178 15.5. Interference By Mutant mt-Coded Proteins ........................... 179 15.6. The Inconvenience, But Irrelevance, of Mitochondrial RNAs ........................................................... 180 15.7. Unfolding, Refolding and Prevention of Folding ................... 180 15.8. Fallacious “Existence Proofs” That This Cannot Work ......... 181 15.9. Import of Very Hydrophobic Proteins .................................... 182 15.10. Hints From Other Organisms .................................................. 182 15.11. Do We Really Need Complex I?............................................... 183 15.12. Cotranslational Import ............................................................ 183 15.13. Semi-Import ............................................................................. 185 15.14. Inteins: A More Coercive Approach ........................................ 186 15.15. More Exotic Technologies ....................................................... 186 16. Prospective Impact on the Healthy Human Lifespan ......................... 189 16.1. Plausibility of Engineered Negligible Senescence .................... 189 16.2. Is MiFRA a Theory of Aging? .................................................... 191
17. Conclusion: The Role of the Gerontologist Today .............................. 195 17.1. Demographic Challenges .......................................................... 195 17.2. Accidents, Diseases and Lifestyle .............................................. 198 17.3. An Operational Definition of the “Defeat” of Aging ............... 198 17.4. Possibilities Versus Probabilities .............................................. 199 Index....................................................................................................... 201
Page 1 and 2: COMPANY de Grey The Mitochondrial F
Page 3 and 4: ISBN: 1-57059-564-X MOLECULAR BIOLO
Page 5: 7. The Status of Gerontological The
Page 9 and 10: I cannot overstate my profound grat
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1. What Is
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Some may feel that all
Page 15 and 16: 6 The Mitochondrial Free Radical Th
Page 17 and 18: 8 The Mitochondrial Free Radical Th
Page 19 and 20: 10 The Mitochondrial Free Radical T
Page 27 and 28: 18 Fig. 2.7. The respiratory chain.
Page 33 and 34: 24 Fig. 2.9. Types of protein impor
Page 35 and 36: 26 Fig. 2.10. Why the DNA bases pai
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER 3 An Introduction to Free R
Page 45 and 46: An Introduction to Free Radicals Ta
Page 51 and 52: An Introduction to Free Radicals Fi
Page 53 and 54: An Introduction to Free Radicals Re
Page 57 and 58:
50 The Mitochondrial Free Radical T
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
CHAPTER 6 History of the Mitochondr
Page 73 and 74:
History of the Mitochondrial Free R
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
CHAPTER 7 The Status of Gerontologi
Page 93 and 94:
The Status of Gerontological Theory
Page 95 and 96:
The Status of Gerontological Theory
Page 97 and 98:
CHAPTER 8 The Search for How Mutant
Page 99 and 100:
The Search for How Mutant mtDNA is
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
CHAPTER 9 The Search for How So Few
Page 109 and 110:
The Search for How So Few Anaerobic
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
CHAPTER 10 Frequently-Asked Questio
Page 123 and 124:
Frequently-Asked Questions The effe
Page 125 and 126:
Frequently-Asked Questions Table 10
Page 127 and 128:
Frequently-Asked Questions through
Page 129 and 130:
Frequently-Asked Questions has been
Page 131 and 132:
Frequently-Asked Questions SOS, sin
Page 133 and 134:
Frequently-Asked Questions for almo
Page 135 and 136:
Frequently-Asked Questions Fig. 10.
Page 137 and 138:
Frequently-Asked Questions Fig. 10.
Page 139 and 140:
Frequently-Asked Questions of elect
Page 141 and 142:
Frequently-Asked Questions Referenc
Page 143 and 144:
Frequently-Asked Questions 45. Clay
Page 145 and 146:
CHAPTER 11 A Challenge from Textboo
Page 147 and 148:
A Challenge from Textbook Bioenerge
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
160 The Mitochondrial Free Radical
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
CHAPTER 14 Ablation of Anaerobic Ce
Page 179 and 180:
Ablation of Anaerobic Cells: Techni
Page 181 and 182:
CHAPTER 15 Transgenic Copies of mtD
Page 183 and 184:
Transgenic Copies of mtDNA: Techniq
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
CHAPTER 16 Prospective Impact on th
Page 195 and 196:
Prospective Impact on the Healthy H
Page 197 and 198:
Prospective Impact on the Healthy H
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Index Symbols “~”, 19 A Acetald
Page 205 and 206:
Index Copper 35, 107 see also trans
Page 207 and 208:
Index Heart comparison to man-made
Page 209 and 210:
Index genetic code 23, 115-118, 177
Page 211 and 212:
Index Perhydroxyl radical 41, 122,
Page 213 and 214:
Index protonation see protonation (
Page 215:
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTELLIGENCE UNIT
show all

The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?