The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki
The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki
An Introduction to Mitochondria 8. Martin W, Muller M. The hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote. Nature 1998; 392:37-41. 9. Colbeau A, Nachbaur J, Vignais PM. Enzymic characterization and lipid composition of rat liver subcellular membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1971; 249:462-492. 10. a)Byrd GS, McNamara B, Suckling KE et al. Cholesterol metabolism in the adrenal cortex. J Steroid Biochem 1983; 19:1017-1027. 10. b)von Zglinicki T, Bimmler M, Krause W. Estimation of organelle water fractions from frozendried cryosections. J Microsc 1987; 146:67-75. 11. Ohnishi T. NADH-quinone oxidoreductase, the most complex complex. J Bio Biomembr 1993; 25:325-329. 12. Haran N, Shoporer M. Study of water permeability through phospholipid vesicle membranes by 17 O NMR. Biochim Biophys Acta 1976; 426:638-646. 13. Sacktor B. Biochemical adaptations for flight in the insect. Biochem Soc Symp 1976; 41:111-131. 14. Stern JR, Ochoa S, Lynen F. Enzymatic synthesis of citric acid. V. Reaction of acetyl coenzyme A. J Biol Chem 1952; 198:313-321. 15. Lynen F, Ochoa S. Enzymes of fatty acid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta 1953; 12:299-314. 16. Krebs HA, Johnson WA. The role of citric acid in intermediate metabolism in animal tissues. Enzymologia 1937; 4:148-156. 17. Krebs HA. The intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates. Lancet 1937; 2:736-738. 18. Sanadi DR, Littlefield JW. Studies of αketoglutaric oxidase. III. Role of coenzyme A and diphosphopyridine nucleotide. J Biol Chem 1953; 201:103-115. 19. Birney MA, Klein C. Cloning and expression of the α subunit of succinyl-CoA synthetase from Dictyostelium discoideum. Arch Biochem Biophys 1995; 319:93-101. 20. Pullman ME, Penefsky HS, Datta A et al. Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing oxidative phosphorylation. I. Purification and properties of soluble, dinitrophenol-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase. J Biol Chem 1960; 235:3322-3329. 21. Mitchell P. Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemiosmotic type of mechanism. Nature 1961; 191:144-148. 22. Jagendorf AT, Uribe E. ATP formation caused by acid-base transition of spinach chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1966; 55:170-177. 23. Mitchell P. Protonmotive redox mechanism of the cytochrome b-c1 complex in the respiratory chain: Protonmotive ubiquinone cycle. FEBS Lett 1975; 56:1-6. 24. Matsuno-Yagi A, Hatefi Y. Ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase. The redox reactions of the bis-heme cytochrome b in ubiquinone-sufficient and ubiquinone-deficient systems. J Biol Chem 1995; 271:6164-6171. 25. Ding H, Daldal F, Dutton PL. Ion pair formation between basic residues at 144 of the Cyt b polypeptide and the ubiquinones at the Qo site of the Cyt bc1 complex. Biochemistry 1995; 34:15997-16003. 26. Brandt U. Bifurcated ubihydroquinone oxidation in the cytochrome bc1 complex by protongated charge transfer. FEBS Lett 1996; 387:1-6. 27. Link TA. The role of the ‘Rieske’ iron sulfur protein in the hydroquinone oxidation (Q(P)) site of the cytochrome bc1 complex. The ‘proton-gated affinity change’ mechanism. FEBS Lett 1997; 412:257-264. 28. Noji H, Yasuda R, Yoshida M et al. Direct observation of the rotation of F1-ATPase. Nature 1997; 386:299-302. 29. Elston T, Wang H, Oster G. Energy transduction in ATP synthase. Nature 1998; 391:510-513. 30. Chèvremont M, Chèvremont-Comhaire S, Baeckeland E. Action de désoxyribonucléases neutre et acide sur des cellules somatiques vivantes cultivées in vitro. Arch Biol (Liege) 1959; 70:811-831. 31. Nass S, Nass MMK. An electron histochemical study of mitochondrial fibrous inclusions. J R Microsc Soc 1963; 81:209-213. 31
32 The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging 32. Sinclair JH, Stevens BJ. Circular DNA filaments from mouse mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1966; 56:508-514. 33. Nass MMK. The circularity of mitochondrial DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1966; 56:1215-1222. 34. Kroon AM, Borst P, van Bruggen EFJ et al. Mitochondrial DNA from sheep heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1966; 56:1836-1843. 35. Ankel-Simons F, Cummins JM. Misconceptions about mitochondria and mammalian fertilization: implications for theories on human evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:13859-13863. 36. Kaneda H, Hayashi J, Takahama S et al. Elimination of paternal mitochondrial DNA in intraspecific crosses during early mouse embryogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92:4542-4546. 37. Krings M, Stone A, Schmitz RW et al. Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans. Cell 1997; 90:19-30. 38. Ernster L, Ikkos D, Luft R. Enzymatic activities of human skeletal muscle mitochondria—a tool in clinical metabolic research. Nature 1959; 183:1851-1854. 39. Wallace DC, Shoffner JM, Trounce I et al. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human degenerative diseases and aging. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1271:141-151. 40. Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG et al. Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature 1981; 290:457-465. 41. Pfanner N. Mitochondrial import: Crossing the aqueous intermembrane space. Curr Biol 1998; 8:R262-R265. 42. Bohni PC, Daum G, Schatz G. Import of proteins into mitochondria. Partial purification of a matrix-located protease involved in cleavage of mitochondrial precursor polypeptides. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:4937-4943. 43. Hurt EC, Pesold-Hurt B, Schatz G. The amino-terminal region of an imported mitochondrial precursor polypeptide can direct cytoplasmic dihydrofolate reductase into the mitochondrial matrix. EMBO J 1984; 3:3149-3156. 44. Hennig B, Koehler H, Neupert W. Receptor sites involved in posttranslational transport of apocytochrome c into mitochondria: Specificity, affinity, and number of sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80:4963-4967. 45. Hartl FU, Schmidt B, Wachter E et al. Transport into mitochondria and intramitochondrial sorting of the Fe/S protein of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase. Cell 1986; 47:939-951. 46. Bomer U, Meijer M, Guiard B et al. The sorting route of cytochrome b2 branches from the general mitochondrial import pathway at the preprotein translocase of the inner membrane. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:30439-30446. 47. Folsch H, Guiard B, Neupert W et al. Internal targeting signal of the BCS1 protein: A novel mechanism of import into mitochondria. EMBO J 1996; 15:479-487. 48. Sirrenberg C, Bauer MF, Guiard B et al. Import of carrier proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane mediated by Tim22. Nature 1996; 384:582-585. 49. Koehler CM, Jarosch E, Tokatlidis K et al. Import of mitochondrial carriers mediated by essential proteins of the intermembrane space. Science 1998; 279:369-373. 50. Leblanc C, Richard O, Kloareg B et al. Origin and evolution of mitochondria: What have we learnt from red algae? Curr Genet 1997; 31:193-207. 51. Ojala D, Montoya J, Attardi G. tRNA punctuation model of RNA processing in human mitochondria. Nature 1981; 290:470-474. 52. Tabak HF, Grivell LA, Borst P. Transcription of mitochondrial DNA. CRC Crit Rev Biochem 1983; 14:297-317. 53. Barrell BG, Bankier AT, Drouin J. A different genetic code in human mitochondria. Nature 1979; 282:189-194. 54. Macino G, Coruzzi G Nobrega FG et al. Use of the UGA terminator as a tryptophan codon in yeast mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76:3784-3785. 55. Tourancheau AB, Tsao N, Klobutcher LA et al. Genetic code deviations in the ciliates: Evidence for multiple and independent events. EMBO J 1995; 14:3262-3267.
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32<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Mitochondrial</strong> <strong>Free</strong> <strong>Radical</strong> <strong>The</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aging</strong><br />
32. Sinclair JH, Stevens BJ. Circular DNA filaments from mouse mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad<br />
Sci USA 1966; 56:508-514.<br />
33. Nass MMK. <strong>The</strong> circularity <strong>of</strong> mitochondrial DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1966;<br />
56:1215-1222.<br />
34. Kroon AM, Borst P, van Bruggen EFJ et al. <strong>Mitochondrial</strong> DNA from sheep heart. Proc<br />
Natl Acad Sci USA 1966; 56:1836-1843.<br />
35. Ankel-Simons F, Cummins JM. Misconceptions about mitochondria and mammalian<br />
fertilization: implications for theories on human evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;<br />
93:13859-13863.<br />
36. Kaneda H, Hayashi J, Takahama S et al. Elimination <strong>of</strong> paternal mitochondrial DNA in<br />
intraspecific crosses during early mouse embryogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;<br />
92:4542-4546.<br />
37. Krings M, Stone A, Schmitz RW et al. Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin <strong>of</strong> modern<br />
humans. Cell 1997; 90:19-30.<br />
38. Ernster L, Ikkos D, Luft R. Enzymatic activities <strong>of</strong> human skeletal muscle mitochondria—a<br />
tool in clinical metabolic research. Nature 1959; 183:1851-1854.<br />
39. Wallace DC, Sh<strong>of</strong>fner JM, Trounce I et al. <strong>Mitochondrial</strong> DNA mutations in human<br />
degenerative diseases and aging. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1271:141-151.<br />
40. Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG et al. Sequence and organization <strong>of</strong> the human<br />
mitochondrial genome. Nature 1981; 290:457-465.<br />
41. Pfanner N. <strong>Mitochondrial</strong> import: Crossing the aqueous intermembrane space. Curr Biol<br />
1998; 8:R262-R265.<br />
42. Bohni PC, Daum G, Schatz G. Import <strong>of</strong> proteins into mitochondria. Partial purification<br />
<strong>of</strong> a matrix-located protease involved in cleavage <strong>of</strong> mitochondrial precursor polypeptides.<br />
J Biol Chem 1983; 258:4937-4943.<br />
43. Hurt EC, Pesold-Hurt B, Schatz G. <strong>The</strong> amino-terminal region <strong>of</strong> an imported mitochondrial<br />
precursor polypeptide can direct cytoplasmic dihydr<strong>of</strong>olate reductase into the mitochondrial<br />
matrix. EMBO J 1984; 3:3149-3156.<br />
44. Hennig B, Koehler H, Neupert W. Receptor sites involved in posttranslational transport <strong>of</strong><br />
apocytochrome c into mitochondria: Specificity, affinity, and number <strong>of</strong> sites. Proc Natl<br />
Acad Sci USA 1983; 80:4963-4967.<br />
45. Hartl FU, Schmidt B, Wachter E et al. Transport into mitochondria and intramitochondrial<br />
sorting <strong>of</strong> the Fe/S protein <strong>of</strong> ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase. Cell 1986; 47:939-951.<br />
46. Bomer U, Meijer M, Guiard B et al. <strong>The</strong> sorting route <strong>of</strong> cytochrome b2 branches from<br />
the general mitochondrial import pathway at the preprotein translocase <strong>of</strong> the inner<br />
membrane. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:30439-30446.<br />
47. Folsch H, Guiard B, Neupert W et al. Internal targeting signal <strong>of</strong> the BCS1 protein: A<br />
novel mechanism <strong>of</strong> import into mitochondria. EMBO J 1996; 15:479-487.<br />
48. Sirrenberg C, Bauer MF, Guiard B et al. Import <strong>of</strong> carrier proteins into the mitochondrial<br />
inner membrane mediated by Tim22. Nature 1996; 384:582-585.<br />
49. Koehler CM, Jarosch E, Tokatlidis K et al. Import <strong>of</strong> mitochondrial carriers mediated by<br />
essential proteins <strong>of</strong> the intermembrane space. Science 1998; 279:369-373.<br />
50. Leblanc C, Richard O, Kloareg B et al. Origin and evolution <strong>of</strong> mitochondria: What have<br />
we learnt from red algae? Curr Genet 1997; 31:193-207.<br />
51. Ojala D, Montoya J, Attardi G. tRNA punctuation model <strong>of</strong> RNA processing in human<br />
mitochondria. Nature 1981; 290:470-474.<br />
52. Tabak HF, Grivell LA, Borst P. Transcription <strong>of</strong> mitochondrial DNA. CRC Crit Rev Biochem<br />
1983; 14:297-317.<br />
53. Barrell BG, Bankier AT, Drouin J. A different genetic code in human mitochondria. Nature<br />
1979; 282:189-194.<br />
54. Macino G, Coruzzi G Nobrega FG et al. Use <strong>of</strong> the UGA terminator as a tryptophan codon<br />
in yeast mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76:3784-3785.<br />
55. Tourancheau AB, Tsao N, Klobutcher LA et al. Genetic code deviations in the ciliates:<br />
Evidence for multiple and independent events. EMBO J 1995; 14:3262-3267.