The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki

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210 Q Q cycle 20, 141 Quinone see coenzyme Q R Rate of living theory 65 Reactive oxygen species 36-44 defined 36 properties 36-37 Recycling (of damaged molecules) 58-59 absence of, for some types of damage 58-50 incompetence of, for mtDNA 132 Red blood cells see erythrocytes Reductive hotspot hypothesis 107-108, 161 predictions, 161 Reductive stress 59, 107 Regeneration of Xenopus nerve 190 of axolotl limb 190 of mammalian toe 191 Replicative senescence 56, 57, 88 Respiration 15-19 Respiratory chain 15-19 components 15 see also coenzyme Q see also cytochrome c see also cytochrome c oxidase see also fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenase see also malate/aspartate shuttle see also NADH dehydrogenase see also s,n-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase see also succinate dehydrogenase see also ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase Retina 57-58, 61 Rho 0 cells 77-78, 102-105, 161, 167 creation 77-78, 102-103 glucose consumption rate 105 nutritional requirements 103 see also cybrids Rhodopsin 58 Rieske protein 140, 178 Rockfish 73 ROS see reactive oxygen species Rose MR 53 The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging S Saccharomyces cerevisiae 66, 68, 177, 183 Sagan L see Margulis L Salmon 73 Sarcomere 111 Satellite cells 128-129, 175 Saturation (of fatty acids) 71 see also polyunsaturated fatty acid Schon EA 77, 94, 102, 159 Segmental OXPHOS deficiency in muscle see mutant mtDNA, segmental distribution in muscle Selaginella elegans 116-117, 182 Selection for mutant mtDNA see amplification of mutant mtDNA Semelparity see programmed senescence semiubiquinone see ubisemiquinone Sies, H 59 Singlet oxygen 35, 143 Skin 55-56 elasticity 55 see also collagen see also elastin see also fibroblasts Smooth muscle (role in atherogenesis) 54 s,n-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase 15, 140 s,n-glycerophosphate shuttle 14, 15, 106 SOS see survival of the slowest Sperm 22 Spermatogenesis 125 Sporadic mtDNA-linked diseases see diseases linked to mtDNA, sporadic Stroke 1, 53-54, 133 Substantia nigra 67, 101 Succinate dehydrogenase 15-16, 104-105, 121, 140, 161, 183 as histochemical control 104 up-regulation in anaerobic cells 105 Succinate synthesis (ATP generation by) 15 Superoxide 37, 66, 71, 93, 108, 121, 139, 142-143 dismutation 66, 142-143 non-enzymatic 142-143 formation by leucocytes 108 by mitochondria 37 by PMOR 108-109 rate of, interspecies differences 71
Index protonation see protonation (of superoxide) Superoxide dismutase 6, 66, 73, 108, 135, 142, 161 cytosolic 142 extracellular 108, 161 knockout mice 135 mitochondrial 6 absence from intermembrane space 143 Suppressiveness 66, 92, 103 see also petites Surface pH see pH, near a charged membrane Survival of the slowest (SOS) 94-96, 115-132 absence in rapidly-dividing cells 95-96 absence with ATPase mutations 96, 159 absence in short-lived invertebrates 122 alternatives to 91-92, 96-99 avoidance in germ line 119-121 predictions 159-160 Symbiosis 6 T TCA cycle 14-16, 105-106, 123 maintenence in anaerobic cells, 105-106, 123 Tedeschi H 146-148 Teissié J 151 Telomerase 88, 134 knockout mice 134 Telomere theory of aging 88,134 oxidative stress in 88 see also replicative senescence Theories of aging 85-89, 191 requirements 85-86, 191 shortcomings 2, 85-86 value of detail 86 see also error catastrophe theory see also mitochondrial free radical theory of aging see also rate of living theory see also reductive hotspot hypothesis see also Survival of the slowest see also telomere theory of aging Threshold effect 79-80 Thylakoid membrane (of chloroplasts) 147, 155 Thymine 25-26, 55 Thymus 58 Tic proteins 22 Tim proteins 22-23, 184-185 see also protein import (mitochondrial) Tocopherol 43, 51, 88, 107, 122 pro-oxidant without ascorbate 122 211 Toc proteins 22 Tom proteins 22-23 see also protein import (mitochondrial) Transferrin 108 Transition (base-pair change) 26, 132 Transition metals 16, 35, 107 Transverse section (of muscle) 76 Transversion (base-pair change) 26, 132 Tribrid proteins 178 Tricarboxylic acid cycle see TCA cycle Triglyceride 47-48 tRNAs (mitochondrial) 23, 28, 75 as RNA endonuclease sites 23 mutability 28, 130, 180 Tryptophan 116-117 Turnover (incompatibility with aging) see aging, dependence on non-turnover U Ubiquinol 18, 106, 140 see also coenzyme Q Ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase 16, 19, 140 assembly without cytochrome b 140 mechanism of see Q cycle tendency to fumble electrons 140 Ubiquinone 18, 106, 140 see also coenzyme Q Ubisemiquinone 71, 140, 183 see also coenzyme Q UGA codon 116-117, 177 UGG codon 117 Uracil 55 Uridine 103 V Very low density lipoprotein 50 Vicious cycle theory 60, 67-68, 131 defined 67 falsification 75-76 Vigna radiata 116-118, 182 Vitamin C see ascorbate Vitamin E see tocopherol VLDL see very low density lipoprotein
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COMPANY de Grey The Mitochondrial F
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ISBN: 1-57059-564-X MOLECULAR BIOLO
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7. The Status of Gerontological The
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17. Conclusion: The Role of the Ger
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I cannot overstate my profound grat
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1. What Is
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Introduction Some may feel that all
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6 The Mitochondrial Free Radical Th
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8 The Mitochondrial Free Radical Th
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10 The Mitochondrial Free Radical T
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18 Fig. 2.7. The respiratory chain.
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24 Fig. 2.9. Types of protein impor
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26 Fig. 2.10. Why the DNA bases pai
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CHAPTER 3 An Introduction to Free R
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An Introduction to Free Radicals Ta
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An Introduction to Free Radicals Fi
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An Introduction to Free Radicals Re
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CHAPTER 6 History of the Mitochondr
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History of the Mitochondrial Free R
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CHAPTER 7 The Status of Gerontologi
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The Status of Gerontological Theory
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The Status of Gerontological Theory
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CHAPTER 8 The Search for How Mutant
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The Search for How Mutant mtDNA is
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CHAPTER 9 The Search for How So Few
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The Search for How So Few Anaerobic
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CHAPTER 10 Frequently-Asked Questio
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Frequently-Asked Questions The effe
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Frequently-Asked Questions Table 10
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Frequently-Asked Questions through
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Frequently-Asked Questions has been
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Frequently-Asked Questions SOS, sin
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Frequently-Asked Questions for almo
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Frequently-Asked Questions Fig. 10.
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Frequently-Asked Questions Fig. 10.
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Frequently-Asked Questions of elect
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Frequently-Asked Questions Referenc
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Frequently-Asked Questions 45. Clay
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CHAPTER 11 A Challenge from Textboo
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A Challenge from Textbook Bioenerge
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The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki

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