The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki
The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki
The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki
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206<br />
Lipid hydroperoxides 42, 108, 110-111<br />
Lipid metabolism 47-51<br />
synthesis 50-51<br />
transport 50-51<br />
Lipid radicals 42, 44<br />
Lipoic acid 59<br />
Lip<strong>of</strong>uscin 57, 61, 73, 88, 130, 132, 162, 192<br />
in retina 59, 184<br />
Lipoprotein lipase 50<br />
Liposomes 93<br />
Liver 129<br />
Lobsters 72<br />
Lonely electron carrier (LEC) 36-44, 54-59,<br />
139<br />
defined 36<br />
properties 36-37<br />
Long PCR 75<br />
Longitudinal section (<strong>of</strong> muscle) 76<br />
Low density lipoprotein 53-54, 60,<br />
108-109, 129, 161, 192<br />
glycation <strong>of</strong> 60<br />
oxidation <strong>of</strong> 51, 108-109, 132-133<br />
as preventer <strong>of</strong> uptake 51, 129<br />
transport 50<br />
Lysosomes 30, 57, 88, 94-97, 130, 160, 167,<br />
192<br />
rupture <strong>of</strong> 58<br />
M<br />
Macrophages 53-54, 129, 133, 175<br />
Macular degeneration 58<br />
Malate/aspartate shuttle 14, 106, 123<br />
Malondialdehyde 44<br />
Margulis L 6<br />
Masoro E 1<br />
Maternal inheritance (<strong>of</strong> mtDNA) 21-22, 116,<br />
131-132<br />
Matrix (mitochondrial)<br />
see mitochondrial matrix<br />
Maximum lifespan potential 58, 72, 121,<br />
198-199<br />
McCord J 2, 142<br />
Meclophenoxate<br />
see centrophenoxine<br />
Medawar P 70<br />
Melanin 65<br />
Membrane damage (mitochondrial) 5, 67<br />
see also Survival <strong>of</strong> the slowest<br />
Membrane oxidisability<br />
interspecies differences 71<br />
<strong>of</strong> polyunsaturated lipids 44<br />
Membrane repair (mitochondrial)<br />
by dilution 95, 130<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Mitochondrial</strong> <strong>Free</strong> <strong>Radical</strong> <strong>The</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aging</strong><br />
see also Survival <strong>of</strong> the slowest<br />
enzymatic (inadequacy <strong>of</strong>) 130<br />
Mendelian inheritance 116<br />
Metabolic rate 65, 69, 72<br />
standard 69<br />
specific 69<br />
relationship to aging 65, 69-70<br />
exceptions, 70<br />
in calorie restriction 72<br />
Metastasis 54<br />
Methaemoglobin 108<br />
Methylation (<strong>of</strong> DNA) 55<br />
Methylcytosine 55<br />
deamination <strong>of</strong> 55<br />
MiFRA<br />
see mitochondrial free radical theory <strong>of</strong><br />
aging<br />
Missense mutations (<strong>of</strong> mtDNA)<br />
see mutant mtDNA, missense mutations<br />
Mitchell P 19-20, 94, 145-149<br />
Mitochondria 5-30<br />
etymology 126<br />
evolutionary origins 5-7<br />
function 10-20<br />
location 7-8, 25<br />
number per cell 7<br />
structure 8-10<br />
see also inner membrane<br />
(mitochondrial)<br />
see also intermembrane space<br />
(mitochondrial)<br />
see also mitochondrial matrix<br />
see also outer membrane<br />
(mitochondrial)<br />
turnover 24-30, 160<br />
mechanism 94-95<br />
rate 24-30, 160<br />
see also Survival <strong>of</strong> the slowest<br />
see also chemiosmotic theory<br />
see also mitochondrial DNA<br />
see also oxidative phosphorylation<br />
see also respiration<br />
see also TCA cycle<br />
<strong>Mitochondrial</strong> DNA 5, 20-30<br />
circularity <strong>of</strong> 6, 21<br />
copy number<br />
bottleneck (in oogenesis) 120<br />
depletion 75, 130, 167-169<br />
per cell 130<br />
per mitochondrion 21, 124<br />
deletions<br />
see mutant mtDNA, deletions<br />
genes 27-28, 115-118<br />
in plants 116-117, 183