The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki

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204 Ethidium bromide 103 Eukaryotes 6 Evolution of lifespan see lifespan, evolution of Exercise 115 Exotherms see poikilotherms Extrinsic mortality rate 61 Eye 56-58, 192 see also muscle, extraocular see also pigmented epithelium F Facultative aerobes 103 FAD see flavin adenine dinucleotide FADH 2 see flavin adenine dinucleotide Fatty acids 12, 14, 47-50 breakdown 12 import into mitochondria 14 structure 48 Fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenase 16, 18-19, 140 FCCP 145 Fecundity (maintenance) see negligible senescence, fecundity in Feedback 58-60 negative 58-59 positive 60 Fenton chemistry 39-42, 108 Ferricyanide 104, 108 Ferritin 108 Fibroblasts 30, 56 cell division rate in vivo 30 Finch CE, 72 Flavin adenine dinucleotide 11, 14, 105-106, 140, 183 Flies see Drosophila FLP recombination 181 Foam cell 54 Free radicals 25, 35-44, 65-67 defined 35 properties Fridovich I 2 Fruit flies see Drosophila Fusion (mitochondrial) see mitochondrial fusion G Galactose 183 The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging GDP see guanosine diphosphate General import pore see Tom proteins Gene therapy (general) 170-171, 179 error rate 177 Gene therapy (mitochondrial) see nuclear complementation of mtDNA Genetic code (of mtDNA) see mitochondrial DNA, genetic code Genetic drift 119-120, 125 Germ-line transformation 171 Gingold E 94, 98, 160 Glia (cell division rate in vivo) 30 Glomeruli 58 Glucose 54, 73, 103, 105, 183 as energy source see glycolysis as reductant see glycation Glutamate/aspartate carrier 123 Glutathione peroxidase 108, 110, 122 Glutathione reductase 122 Glycation 56, 60, 73, 88 reversal 88 Glycerol 47-48 Glycerophosphate shuttle see s,n-glycerophosphate shuttle Glycolysis 12-13 Glycoproteins 56 Glycoxidation 60 Gompertz B 186 Gompertz distribution 196-197 Grotthuss mechanism see conduction by protons GTP see guanosine triphosphate Guanine 25-26, 55 Guanosine diphosphate 15, 105 Guanosine triphosphate 15, 105, 123 Guthrie A 144 H Haemin 108-109 Haemoglobin 108 Haemopexin 108 Haldane JBS 70 Haptoglobin 108 Harman D 2, 65-67, 75, 121 HDL see high density lipoprotein Head group (of a phospholipid) 47, 142 Healthspan see lifespan, in good health
Index Heart comparison to man-made pump 189 muscle cells of see cardiomyocyte Heart attack 53-54, 133 Hemin see haemin Hepatocytes see liver Heteroplasmy 66, 92 High density lipoprotein 50-51 function 51 Histones 25 hok 181 Homeotherms 69 Hydrogen peroxide 6, 67, 108, 121, 139, 143, 161 Hydronium 10, 144, 150-151 Hydroperoxyl radical see perhydroxyl radical Hydrophobicity (of mt-coded proteins) 116, 118, 182 see also nuclear complementation of mtDNA Hydroxide anion 10, 123, 144, 153-155 membrane transport 123, 153-155 Hydroxyl radical 41, 122, 141 Hypercholesterolaemia 161 Hyperplasia (in atherosclerosis) 54 I Illegitimate recombination see mitochondrial DNA, recombination, illegitimate Indeterminate growth 72-73 see also negligible senescence Inherited mtDNA-linked diseases see diseases linked to mtDNA, inherited Inner membrane (mitochondrial) 8-10 composition 8-9 metabolite transport across 9-10 protein import across see protein import (mitochondrial) Inorganic phosphate see phosphate In situ hybridisation (to mtDNA) 75 Insulin 56 Inteins 184 Intermembrane space (mitochondrial) 8, 74, 121, 143 Interspecies comparisons 68-74 of membrane oxidisability 71 of metabolic rate 69-70 of superoxide production 71 of antioxidant enzymes 73-74 of blood glucose 75 see also indeterminate growth Intervention in aging see lifespan, extension of maximum Iron 35, 107-108, 121 see also transition metals J JC-1 126 K Kearns-Sayre syndrome 120 Kell DB 148-149, 153 Kidneys 125,173 King MP 77,103,160 Krebs H 14 Krebs cycle see TCA cycle L 205 Lactate 12, 103 Lactate dehydrogenase 110, 161 Lactic acid see lactate Lawen A 104 LDL see low density lipoprotein LEC see lonely electron carrier LEC parity 37-38 Lens (of eye) 56 Lewis C 115 Leucocytes 108 Lifespan evolution of 61, 70-71 see also disposable soma theory extension of maximum approaches assuming MiFRA 165-173 timescale for 198 dangers of unanticipated 195-199 effects on lifestyle 198 influence of pessimism 195, 199 plausibility 38, 86, 187-190 in good health 189 maternal inheritance of 131-132 average versus maximum 66-67, 121-122 Lipids 41-43, 47-51 defined 47 see also lipid metabolism
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COMPANY de Grey The Mitochondrial F
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ISBN: 1-57059-564-X MOLECULAR BIOLO
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7. The Status of Gerontological The
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17. Conclusion: The Role of the Ger
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I cannot overstate my profound grat
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1. What Is
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Introduction Some may feel that all
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6 The Mitochondrial Free Radical Th
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8 The Mitochondrial Free Radical Th
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10 The Mitochondrial Free Radical T
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18 Fig. 2.7. The respiratory chain.
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24 Fig. 2.9. Types of protein impor
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26 Fig. 2.10. Why the DNA bases pai
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CHAPTER 3 An Introduction to Free R
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An Introduction to Free Radicals Ta
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An Introduction to Free Radicals Fi
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An Introduction to Free Radicals Re
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CHAPTER 6 History of the Mitochondr
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History of the Mitochondrial Free R
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CHAPTER 7 The Status of Gerontologi
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The Status of Gerontological Theory
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The Status of Gerontological Theory
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CHAPTER 8 The Search for How Mutant
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The Search for How Mutant mtDNA is
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CHAPTER 9 The Search for How So Few
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The Search for How So Few Anaerobic
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CHAPTER 10 Frequently-Asked Questio
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Frequently-Asked Questions The effe
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Frequently-Asked Questions Table 10
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Frequently-Asked Questions through
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Frequently-Asked Questions has been
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Frequently-Asked Questions SOS, sin
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Frequently-Asked Questions for almo
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Frequently-Asked Questions Fig. 10.
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Frequently-Asked Questions Fig. 10.
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Frequently-Asked Questions of elect
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Frequently-Asked Questions Referenc
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Frequently-Asked Questions 45. Clay
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CHAPTER 11 A Challenge from Textboo
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A Challenge from Textbook Bioenerge
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The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging - Supernova: Pliki

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