15.01.2013 Views

Simplicial Structures in Topology

Simplicial Structures in Topology

Simplicial Structures in Topology

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

II.5 Homology with Coefficients 97<br />

0<br />

A<br />

��<br />

B<br />

��<br />

C<br />

��<br />

��<br />

��<br />

��<br />

��<br />

��<br />

f g h<br />

′<br />

A<br />

′<br />

B<br />

′<br />

C<br />

Prove that there exists a homomorphism d that turns the sequence<br />

ker f<br />

��<br />

kerg<br />

��<br />

kerh<br />

d ��<br />

coker f<br />

��<br />

cokerg<br />

��<br />

0<br />

��<br />

cokerh<br />

<strong>in</strong>to an exact sequence; also, by us<strong>in</strong>g this Lemma, give an alternative proof to<br />

Theorem (II.3.1).<br />

4. (General form of the Five Lemma)Let<br />

A<br />

α<br />

��<br />

A ′<br />

f<br />

f ′<br />

��<br />

B<br />

β<br />

��<br />

��<br />

′<br />

B<br />

g<br />

g ′<br />

��<br />

C<br />

γ<br />

��<br />

��<br />

′<br />

C<br />

h ��<br />

h ′<br />

D<br />

δ<br />

��<br />

��<br />

′<br />

D<br />

k ��<br />

be a commutative diagram of Abelian groups with exact rows. Prove that:<br />

• If α is surjective and β , δ are <strong>in</strong>jective, then γ is <strong>in</strong>jective;<br />

• If ε is <strong>in</strong>jective and β, δ are surjective, then γ is surjective.<br />

It follows directly from these results that, if α, β, δ, andεare isomorphisms, then<br />

also γ is an isomorphism.<br />

k ′<br />

E<br />

ε<br />

��<br />

��<br />

′<br />

E

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!