National Register of Historic Places Registration Form

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9. Major Bibliographical References Cleveland Park Carroll, Rives, project Director and Editor of the Cleveland Park Neighborhood History Project. Cleveland Park Voices. Washington B.C. 1984. Hamilton, Sara White, Louise Mann Madden, Sheila Dressner Ruffine, Editors. Historic Preservation Study of Cleveland Park, Washington D.C. The American University, -1977'. Montague, Harry, Carolyn Hufbauer, Kathleen Wood and Karen Wood. A Plan for Cleveland Park. Washington D.C. 1978. Previous documentation on file (NFS): I I preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested I I previously listed in the National Register I I previously determined eligible by the National Register O designated a National Historic Landmark I I recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # _________________________ I I recorded by Historic American Engineering Record #__________________________ 10. Geographical Data Acreage of property approximately 280 acres DIM References A li.8| I3|2,0|8|0,0| |4,3|1,2|0,4,0| Zone Easting Northing C H iftl 1312,21010,0 I 14 ,3 |1 ,111,9,0 I Verbal Boundary Description |y| See continuation sheet Primary location of additional data: [X~l State historic preservation office I I Other State agency I I Federal agency I I Local government I I University Specify repository: Cleveland Park Historical Society B II ,8 I 13 |2 il 13 ,0 iO I I4,3ll ,2 10 ,0 iO Zone Easting Northing D |1 ,8 I 13 |2 il |2 ,5 iQl I4,3ll iQlSiliO See continuation sheet The boundaries begin at the northeast corner of the intersection of Wisconsin Avenue and Woodley Road. The boundary line proceeds north by northwest along the eastern edge of Wisconsin Avenue crossing Lowell St., Square 1921 is included except for lots 26 and 27; crossing Macomb St., Boundary Justification * |X~I See continuation sheet Hgst Boundary. The western boundary is formed by Wisconsin Avenue, a major thoroughfare which marked the early boundary of the Cleveland Park subdivision. Wisconsin Avenue as a whole is not included because of the number of non-conforming buildings. Wisconsin is a manmade barrier with STl See continuation sheet 11. Form Prepared By__________________________________________ name/title Kathleen Sinclair Wood, Executive Director______________________ organization Cleveland Park Historical Society date February 13, 1987 street & number city or town __ 3101 Highland Place N. W. Washington telephone 202-244-1276 state D.C. zip code 20008_
NFS Form 10-900* 0MB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet CLEVELAND PARK HISTORIC DISTRICT WASHINGTON D.C. Section number 7 Page Certain design characteristics, established with the earliest houses on Newark Street and Highland Place, were repeated by subsequent architects and builders. The houses, small and large, are set back and often up above the street on generous lots of varying sizes and shapes. Many houses have large porches overlooking front yards with tall trees. The columns and rooflines of the porches create a rhythm echoing the lines of the streets down the hills and around the curves creating attractive streetscapes. The demand for housing following World War I created a proliferation of houses and garden apartments within the residential core and apartment buildings along Connecticut Avenue. The latter were constructed of brick generally with Georgian decorative features. The increase in population in the neighborhood created a demand for retail services which led to the rapid growth of local stores in the 1920's . The retail/commercial district between Macomb and Porter on both sides of Connecticut Avenue is a remarkably intact assemblage of brick and stone commercial buildings exemplifying changing attitudes during the 1920's and 1930's. Architects and developers were exploring new configurations for neighborhood shopping areas especially in response to the increasing personal use of the automobile for shopping. The 3300 and 3400 block on the east side of Connecticut exemplify the typical 1920's linear commercial strip with small individual and varied shops abutting Connecticut Avenue with no provision made for parking. The L-shape configuration of the Park and Shop set back from Connecticut Avenue with a large parking lot in front represents a turning point exemplifying a significant planning movement in the National Capital to create small-scale commercial centers designed to service their immediate residential neighborhoods. Subsequently a convenient shopping center with coordinated merchandising providing one-stop shopping and easily accessible parking was felt to be an essential ingredient for every neighborhood. The 3400 block on the west side of Connecticut exemplifies the influence exerted by the Park and Shop with the 1930's construction of two adjacent aesthetically unified, Art Deco style, complexes (the Macklin and the Uptown) composed of several shops and including a parking lot. Nationally prominent architects as well as local Washington architects, builders and developers were responsible for the design and construction of houses, shops, apartment buildings, the school, firehouse and church. All of the buildings have been generally well preserved with few major alterations. In the commercial area new signs and entire facades mask some of the original structures (Safeway, the Roma Restaurant and Poor Roberts) and in a few cases the original facades have been removed (American Security and Peoples). In all cases the original scale has been maintained. The houses are predominantly two stories with attics. The apartment buildings vary from three to five stories. Two exceptions are the Broadmoor, considerably set back from the avenue, and Tilden Gardens, surrounded by extensive open space and landscaping. The shops are all one and two-story buildings. A coherence of scale and proportions is maintained throughout the district. Newer taller buildings along the east side of Wisconsin were not included within the boundaries of the historic district. The retail/commercial/apartment strip
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