Knowledge for the materials of tomorrow: Our ... - ThyssenKrupp AG

Knowledge 

for the materials of tomorrow: 

Our technologies, processes 

and employees 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless

2 

Contents 

03-07 

03-05 

06 

07 

08-37 

08-23 

08 

10 

10 

17 

24-31 

24 

24 

26 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless – 

an overview 

Companies 

Production sites & 

service centers 

Materials 

Business fields 

Corrosion-, acid- and 

heat-resistant steels: 

Stainless steel 

Schematic of the 

production process 

Definition 

Manufacturing process 

Applications 

High-performance alloys: 

Nickel alloys 

Definition 


Applications 

32-35 

32 

32 

34 

36-37 

38-39 

40 

41 

42-45 

46 


Titanium 

Definition 


Applications 

Processing: 

Open-die forge 

Distribution network & 

service centers 

Research and development 

Environmental protection 

Employees 

Glossary 

47 

Contacts


High-performance 

alloys 

Processing 

ThyssenKrupp Nirosta 

ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni 

ThyssenKrupp Mexinox 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA 

(under construction) 

Shanghai Krupp Stainless 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless International 

(Sales company with own service centers) 

ThyssenKrupp VDM 

ThyssenKrupp Titanium 

Tubificio di Terni 

Società delle Fucine 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless – an overview 

Companies 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless is an independent 

segment within the ThyssenKrupp 

Group. ThyssenKrupp Stainless AG, as 

the segment holding company, combines 

all of ThyssenKrupp’s activities 

in stainless steel flat products and the 

high-performance materials nickel alloys 

and titanium. It manages and coordinates 

its associated business units, 

which have operations worldwide. 

Stainless steel & High-performance alloys 

Product portfolio of the ThyssenKrupp Stainless group 

Slab Hot band 

black 

Hot band 

white 

With plants in Germany, Italy, Mexico, 

China and the USA, it employs around 

12,000 people. The Stainless group is 

the world’s number one manufacturer of 

stainless flat products and holds leading 

positions in high-performance materials. 

Cold-rolled 

strip 

Precision 

strip 

Nickel 

alloys 

Titanium Pipes Forging 

products 

3

4 


ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH is one of 

the world’s leading manufacturers of 

stainless steel flat products. The company 

has several sites in Germany, 

the largest stainless market in Europe. 

Crude steel is produced at the sites 

in Bochum and Krefeld. The slabs 

manufactured there are rolled into 

hot band at the hot strip mill of sister 

company ThyssenKrupp Steel in 

Bochum. From this, ThyssenKrupp 

Nirosta produces treated (pickled) 

hot band as well as cold-rolled strip 

in various finished, delivery forms 

and sizes at its plants in Dillenburg, 

Düsseldorf-Benrath and Krefeld. 


ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni, 

Italy’s only manufacturer of stainless 

flat steels, is located in Europe’s second 

largest stainless market. The Terni plant 

is a fully integrated mill and has a steel 

melt shop with a stainless capacity of 

around 1.5 million tons per year. The 

slabs produced there are rolled into hot 

band black on a hot strip mill and finished 

in a cold rolling mill. Some of the 

hot band black is currently still supplied 

to the cold rolling mills of the Stainless 

group in Mexico and China. In addition, 


has several producing subsidiaries. 

ThyssenKrupp Titanium, with its sites 

in Terni, Italy and Essen, Germany, 

is the largest titanium producer in 

Western Europe. In the processing 

area, Tubificio di Terni is engaged in the 

manufacture of welded pipes made of 

stainless steels. Another company is 

the Società delle Fucine open-die forge, 

which operates the largest forging 

press in Europe and specializes in the 

production of large and heavy components, 

primarily for the energy sector. 

ThyssenKrupp Mexinox 

The ThyssenKrupp Mexinox cold rol- 

ling mill in San Luis Potosí is the only 

manufacturer of stainless flat products 

in Mexico. ThyssenKrupp Mexinox 

has a cold-rolled strip capacity of 

more than 250,000 tons a year. For 

the most part, the mill is currenly 

still supplied with hot band black and 

white from the group’s European 

plants. After the launch of the new 

mill in the USA, hot band will be supplied 

from there. The mill primarily 

serves the North American market.

ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA is currently 

building a new integrated mill for stainless 

flat products in Calvert, Alabama. 

The project in the USA is an important 

element of the growth strategy of 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless. The Stainless 

group’s direct entry into the USA will 

significantly expand our business in the 

NAFTA market. After the new mill’s projected 

start of production at the end of 

2009, ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA will 

begin delivery to direct clients in North 

America together with ThyssenKrupp 

Mexinox, which will also be supplied 

with hot band from the new mill in 

the USA, beginning in mid-2011. 

Shanghai Krupp Stainless 

The Shanghai Krupp Stainless plant 

in China at the Shanghai site is a joint 

venture with the Chinese steel group 

Baosteel and produces stainless 

cold-rolled flat products. With its high 

growth rates, China is the largest national 

market for stainless flat products. 

Hot band is supplied to the mill both 

from the group’s European stainless 

plants and from local manufacturers. 



is primarily responsible for sales of the 

Stainless group’s stainless flat products 

in all markets where ThyssenKrupp 

Stainless is not represented by its own 

manufacturing companies. It operates 

service centers in Spain, the UK, 

France, Poland, Hungary, Turkey and 

China. In addition, sales companies, 

some holding inventories, are located 

at many locations worldwide. 

ThyssenKrupp VDM 

ThyssenKrupp VDM, with its main 

office in Germany, is one of the world’s 

leading suppliers of high-performance 

nickel alloys and special stainless 

steels. In Germany, ThyssenKrupp VDM 

has production sites in Unna, Werdohl, 

Siegen and Altena. American subsidiary 

ThyssenKrupp VDM USA has plants in 

Florham Park, New Jersey and Reno, 

Nevada. 

5

6 


Germany 

1: ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH, 

plant Krefeld 


plant Düsseldorf-Benrath 


plant Bochum 


plant Dillenburg 

5: ThyssenKrupp Nirosta Präzisionsband 

GmbH, plant Schalksmühle 

Europe 

6: ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni 

S.p.A., plant Terni/Italy 

America 

7: ThyssenKrupp Mexinox S.A. de C.V., 

plant San Luis Potosí/Mexico 

8: ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA, 

plant Calvert/Alabama, USA 

(under construction) 

Asia 

9: Shanghai Krupp Stainless Co. Ltd., 

plant Pudong New Area/Shanghai, 

P.R.China 

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Production sites & service centers 

Germany Europe 

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America 

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Nickel alloys 

Germany 

10: ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH, 

plant Unna 


plant Altena 


plant Werdohl 


plant Siegen 

America 

14: ThyssenKrupp VDM USA, Inc., 

plant Reno/Nevada, USA 

15: ThyssenKrupp VDM USA, Inc., 

plant Florham Park/New Jersey, USA 

Legend 

Titanium 

Germany 

16: ThyssenKrupp Titanium GmbH, 

plant Essen 

Europe 

17: ThyssenKrupp Titanium S.p.A, 

plant Terni/Italy 

Processing 

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Europe 

18: Tubificio di Terni S.p.A., 


19: Società delle Fucine S.p.A., 


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Asia 

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service center 

Germany 

20: smbChromstahl GmbH, 

Langenhagen 

21: ThyssenKrupp Nirosta Service-Center 

GmbH, Wilnsdorf-Anzhausen 

22: EBOR Edelstahl GmbH, 

Sachsenheim 

Europe 

23: ThyssenKrupp Stainless UK Ltd., 

Birmingham/Great Britain 

24: ThyssenKrupp Stainless Benelux B.V., 

Rotterdam/Netherlands 

25: ThyssenKrupp Stainless France S.A., 

Paris/France 

26: ThyssenKrupp Stainless DVP, S.A., 

Barcelona/Spain 

27: Terninox S.p.A., Ceriano Laghetto, 

Mailand/Italy 

28: ThyssenKrupp Stainless Polska, 

Katovice/Poland 

29: ThyssenKrupp Silco Inox Kft., 

Bátonyterenye/Hungary 

30: ThyssenKrupp Eurinox Paslanmaz Celik 

Servis Merkezi A.S., Istanbul/Turkey 

Asia 

31: ThyssenKrupp Stainless International 

(Guangzhou) Ltd., P.R.China 

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Requirements for material properties 

Materials 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless is a major supplier 

of a wide range of metallic materials. 

Its stainless steel, nickel alloy and 

titanium products are at the top of the 

pyramid in terms of material properties. 

The range of stainless steels is so extensive 

that they are used in almost 

every aspect of daily life. In comparison 

with conventional unalloyed steels, 

they display significantly better resistance 

to corrosion. The reason for 

this is a protective passive coating of 

chromium oxide. In addition to corrosion 

resistance, stainless steel is 

also acid- and heat-resistant, which 

extends its range of applications 

further. In addition, stainless steels 

are easy to clean, hygienic, formable, 

durable and environmentally friendly. 

Nickel is an extremely corrosion-resistant 

metal. In addition to its function 

as an alloying component of stainless 

steel, it is melted with other metals 

to create nickel alloys that have considerably 

higher corrosion resistance and 

strength than pure nickel. Depending 

on alloy content, they are individually 

tailored for different applications. 

Titanium is the material of choice 

when low weight, high strength and 

the highest level of corrosion resistance 

are called for. Another special characteristic 

is its low specific density. 

Titanium 

Nickel alloys 


7

8 

Business fields 

Corrosion-, acid- and heat-resistant steels: 


Schematic of the production process

10 

Definition 

Stainless steels are defined as iron 

alloys with a minimum content of 

10.5 % chromium and a maximum of 

1.2 % carbon. One of the most important 

properties of stainless steels is their 

resistance to corrosion. The reason for 

this is a passive coating that acts as a 

barrier between the alloy and the media 

surrounding it. The passive coating 

is impermeable and insoluble. When 

damaged, it repairs itself using oxygen. 

Chromium plays an important role in 

creating and maintaining the passive 

coating. Other elements can support 

the passive coating. However, no other 

element by itself can recreate the 

special properties of rustproof steels. 

Production process 

Stainless steels pass through the production 

steps: steel melt shop (melting 

stage), hot rolling mill (hot shaping), 

cold rolling mill (cold shaping). In the 

stainless steel manufacturing process, 

a distinction is made between hot 

band and cold-rolled strip (cold strip).

Slab 

The slab is a compact block of crude 

steel, usually a product of the continuous 

casting process in the steel melt 

shop, which is used as the feedstock 

for the hot rolling mills to produce 

rolled hot band. Its width generally 

corresponds to the width of the subsequent 

hot band and cold-rolled strip 

and measures 1,000 – 1,600 mm; 

in some cases it may even measure 

2,100 mm. The length of the slab can 

be up to 12 meters, while its thickness 

is around 200 to 250 mm. 

Hot band 

Stainless steel hot band is hot-rolled 

strip with a width of more than 600 

mm. The aforementioned slabs serve 

as the feedstock, which is run through 

a hot rolling mill and shaped into a 

much thinner and longer strip and 

subsequently wound into coils. 

Cold-rolled strip 

Stainless steel cold-rolled strip is a coldreduced 

flat product in widths of up to 

about 2,000 mm and thicknesses of 

0.2 to 8 mm which is wound into a coil. 

The cold-rolling of a strip is a shaping 

process that follows hot rolling. The 

advantages of cold-rolled strip over hot 

band lie in better surface quality, narrower 

tolerances and thinner dimensions. 

11

12 

Steel melt shop 

The steel melt shop represents the first 

step in the production of cold-rolled 

strip. The raw materials, scrap (alloyed 

and unalloyed) and ferro alloys, 

are melted together in an electric arc 

furnace.The lid of the furnace is lifted 

and swung to the side in order to load 

it. The scrap is lifted over the furnace 

in large baskets and charged into the 

furnace. The lid is replaced, electrodes 

are lowered, and they ignite an electrical 

arc with the scrap. With a high 

degree of efficiency, the arc transforms 

the electrical energy into melting heat. 

During the melting process, the arc 

reaches temperatures of up to 3,500 °C, 

and the molten steel can reach up to 

1,800 °C. The high temperatures also 

allow the disintegration of hard-to-melt 

alloys in the scrap metal. The additional 

injection of oxygen or fuel gas mixtures 

speeds up the melting process. After 

that, the molten material is further 

processed in an AOD converter (AOD 

= Argon Oxygen Decarburization). 

The main objective of this is to reduce 

the carbon to a target amount by 

injecting an oxygen-argon mixture. 

After AOD treatment, the molten material 

is poured into a ladle. The rigorous 

quality requirements placed on these 

steels make secondary treatment necessary. 

This is done through secondary 

steelmaking, ladle or vacuum treatment 

of liquid steel. The goal of this processing 

step, in addition to homogenizing 

the molten material and maintaining 

close and/or exact temperature limits, is 

primarily to establish as low as possible 

a concentration of carbon, nitrogen, 

hydrogen and phosphorus as well as 

various trace elements in the steel. 

The liquid steel is then further processed. 

Steel intended for hot rolling 

is cast by the continuous casting process. 

A cooled bottomless ingot mold 

is used for this purpose, into which 

the liquid metal is poured. Inside the 

mold, the outer shell of the strand 

solidifies and is drawn out in casting 

direction, encasing the liquid core. After 

leaving the mold, the strand’s shell is 

further cooled with water until it has 

completely solidified. After it solidifies, 

the strand is cut into lengths by torch 

burners to obtain the semi-finished 

product, the slab. Slabs serve as the 

feedstock for the hot rolling mills.

Hot rolling mill 

In the hot rolling mill, the slabs are 

normally rolled out on a continuous 

hot strip mill. In this process, the slabs 

from the continuous caster are heated 

to the required rolling temperature in 

reheating furnaces and then reduced to 

the dimensions needed for hot rolling by 

reversing breakdown and edging mills. 

The finishing train is the last step in the 

hot strip mill. It generally consists of 

five to seven four-high stands lined up 

one after the other. The finishing train 

rolls the strip in a single pass to the 

required final thickness of the hot strip. 

Downstream of the finishing train is an 

exit roller table with cooling devices and 

a coiler. The hot band black is used 

as feedstock for the cold rolling mill. 

Strip caster 

A pre-industrial strip caster was set 

up at the ThyssenKrupp Nirosta plant 

in Krefeld at the end of 1999. Stripcasting 

technology makes it possible 

to cast hot band black directly from 

molten steel. This hot band can be 

used in the cold rolling mill without any 

further processing, or it can simply 

be sold as hot band. The high energy 

requirements for slab reheating and 

hot rolling are eliminated. After years 

of development, the caster is now suitable 

for industrial use. It will primarily 

be used in the production of hot band 

materials that cannot be manufactured 

using conventional technology. 

13

14 

Cold rolling mill 

In cold rolling, hot band white is 

further reduced in thickness at room 

temperature; in subsequent strip processing, 

it is adjusted to meet the 

customer’s processing requirements. 

Hot band preparation 

Hot band is first prepared for cold rolling 

in the stainless-steel treatment facilities. 

The hot band black is heat treated 

(annealed). For some chromium steels 

this takes place in batch furnaces, 

while chromium-nickel steels in particular 

are subjected to continuous heat 

treatment in an annealing and pickling 

line. In subsequent pickling, the scale, 

or oxide coating, is removed from the 

surface of the hot band black. After a 

mechanical descaling process, pickling 

liquors remove the remaining scale 

from the metallic surface of the hotrolled 

strip. The annealed and pickled 

hot band white is then wound into coils 

and is now ready for cold rolling. 

Cold rolling 

The process of cold rolling, in which 

the thickness of the hot band white is 

reduced to the desired final thickness 

without prior heating, is generally 

carried out on 20-high cold rolling 

stands. This type of cold-rolling stand 

produces the high rolling forces necessary 

for stainless steels, and at the 

same time it guarantees compliance 

with the finish and dimensional tolerances 

required by the customer.

Finish annealing 

The material hardened in the cold rolling 

process must be reheated and recrystallized 

in order to restore its forming 

properties for further processing. In the 

next step, therefore, the cold-rolled strip 

is once more subjected to annealing. 

This is performed either on annealing 

and pickling lines, where the cold-rolled 

strip is heat treated in an open atmosphere 

and then again descaled in the 

pickling line, or – for particularly high 

surface requirements – in the inert gas 

atmosphere of a bright annealing line. 

Final heat treatment in an inert gas 

atmosphere retains and enhances the 

shiny metallic surface of the cold strip. 

Final processing 

In the following processing stages the 

strip is gently re-rolled (skin passed), 

and if necessary it is tension leveled 

and trimmed. These finishing steps 

are generally carried out separately. 

For the final adjustments to meet the 

mechanical properties, flatness, finish 

and brightness specified by the customer, 

the heat-treated cold-rolled strip is 

gently re-rolled (skin passed). This takes 

place on two-high or four-high skin-pass 

mills with polished work rolls. Where 

necessary, grinding lines create various 

ground finishes on the strip surfaces. 

For very high flatness requirements in 

stainless-steel sheet, skin-passed even 

non-skin-passed material is processed 

on tension-leveling equipment. This 

removes any residual stresses that 

could lead to unevenness in the strip. 

Finishing shop 

Finishing is the final operation in a cold 

rolling mill. This is where coils are tailored 

to customer requirements. Slitting 

and cut-to-length lines slice the coils 

into narrower strips or sheets. Strips 

and sheets can be given a plastic film 

coating to provide surface protection 

for further processing by the customer. 

15

16 

Precision strip 

Precision strip is defined as cold-rolled 

strip made of stainless steels with a 

maximum width of 650 mm and gauges 

between 0.05 and 1.5 mm. At gauges 

between 0.4 and 1.5 mm, there are 

overlaps with cold-rolled wide strip, 

but only with regard to physical size. 

Only a specially rolled and cut product 

can meet the specific demands made 

of precision strip, such as minimal 

dimensional tolerances, special strip 

edge conditions, maximum flatness 

and strengths of 2000 N/mm 2 and 

higher. Some examples of these 

applications are surgical instruments, 

hypodermic needles, seals, valves and 

watch springs. Pickling and annealing 

lines condition the hot band black 

for the cold-rolling process or impart 

required mechanical and technological 

properties after cold rolling. Tension 

leveling equipment optimizes flatness. 

Welded pipes 

Welded pipes made of stainless steel 

are manufactured by Tubificio di 

Terni, a subsidiary of ThyssenKrupp 

Acciai Speciali Terni. The automotive 

industry is a principal customer. 

In this process, stainless-steel strips 

are cut to corresponding widths 

and formed into longitudinally welded 

pipes using special welding 

equipment. Cutting machines then cut 

the pipes to specific lengths according 

to the customer’s requirements.

Applications 

A wide variety of microstructures can be 

created in stainless steels through control 

of alloy composition and heat treatment. 

These microstructures determine 

material properties within broad limits. 

Based on microstructure, stainless 

steels are broken down into rough categories. 

The following types are differentiated: 

austenitic steels, ferritic steels, 

martensitic steels and ferritic-austenitic 

(duplex) steels. In terms of production 

volume, the austenitic and ferritic steels 

are the most significant. However, the 

other types are essential for a variety 

of highly exacting applications. 

The numerous fields of application for 

stainless steels include architecture, 

household goods, food manufacture, 

the automotive industry, transportation 

and the chemical and energy industries. 

17

18 

Facilities in the business field stainless steel 

Steel melt shop 

Arc furnace 

Company ThyssenKrupp Nirosta ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA * 

Site Bochum Krefeld Terni Calvert, AL 

Type AC AC AC AC 

Number of units [no.] 1 1 2 1 

Nominal rating [MVA] 135 80 110/120 150 

Average tap weight [t] 150 80 150/125 160 

AC = Alternating Current 

Converter 



Type KCB-S AOD-L AOD-L AOD-L 


Average heat weight [t ] 80 90 140 180 

KCB-S = Krupp combined blowing - Stainless AOD-L = Argon Oxygen Decarburization-Lance 

Continuous caster 



Number of units [no.] 1 1 1 2 1 

Radius [m] 10.5 10.8 — 8.0/8.5 — 

Number of strands [no.] 1 1 2 1 1 

Min./max. slab width [mm] 865-1,650 600-1,600 600-1,300 700-1,600 — 

Thickness [mm] 240 240 222 215 230 

Max. slab length [m] 9.6 12 12 11 11.5 

Slab grinding shop 



Number of grinders [no.] 4 3 4 2 

Hot strip mills 

Products 

Company ThyssenKrupp Steel ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA * 

Site Bochum Terni Calvert, AL 

Min./max strip width [mm] 600-1,630 600-1,560 800-1,870 

Min./max strip thickness [mm] 1.5-20.0 1.5-13.0 1.5-25.4 

Coil weight [kg/mm] 20.5 18 23 

Max. coil weight [t] 32.5 28 36 

Reheating furnaces 



Type Pusher type furnace Walking beam furnace Walking beam furnace Walking beam furnace 


Capacity [t/h] 220 250 225 380 

Roughing stands 

* under construction 





Driving rate [kW] 4 x 4,860 2 x 5,000 2 x 4,250/2 x 8,500 

* under construction

Finishing stands 



Type 4 high 4 high 4 high 

Number of units [no.] 7 7 7 

Installed drive rating [MW] 62.5 32.4 84 

Work roll diameter [mm] 775/675 760/680 850/700 

Min./max. Back-up roll 

diameter 

[mm] 1,530/1,360 1,500/1,460 1,600 

Max. final rolling speed [m/s] 15.6 16.0 21 

Other features coil box heat-insulated roller table — 

Cold rolling mill 

Batch Annealing Furnaces Passive Annealing Furnaces 

Company ThyssenKrupp Nirosta 

ThyssenKrupp 

Acciai Speciali Terni 


Mexinox 

Company 

19 



Site Düsseldorf-Benrath Terni San Luis Potosí Site Terni 

Max. coil outside 

diameter 

[mm] 1,960 1,940 1,960 1,900 1,900 1,900 1,900 

Max. coil outside 

diameter 

[mm] 

1,900 1,900 

Max. stack height [mm] 4,000 3,825 4,000 4,170 4,040 2,750 4,160 Max. coil width [mm] 1,750 1,750 

Max. charge on base [t] 80 75 80 60 60 46 69 Max. coil weight [mm] 28 28 

Number of furnaces [no.] 11 7 1 4 2 11 1 Number of cells [no.] 6 6 

Number of bases [no.] 18 14 2 7 3 12 2 

Number of cooling 

bells 

Annealing and Pickling Lines 

[no.] 0 0 0 4 1 3 1 


Number of coils 

per cell 

Site Krefeld Dillenburg Düsseldorf-Benrath 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 2.0-8.0 0.5-6.0 0.4-6.0 0.2-2.0 0.7-6.0 0.3-3.5 1.5-5.5 0.7-8.0 

Max. width [mm] 1,570 1,320 1,850 1,380 1,550 1,360 1,350 1,600 

Max. coil weight [t] 22 28 29 30 28 23 25 26 

Type HAPL HAPL & CAPL CAPL CAPL HAPL & CAPL CAPL HAPL HAPL & CAPL 

Max. line speed [m/min] 24 72 80 100 36 42 30 50 

Furnace length [m] 35 70 35 62 28 28 no 41 

Scale breaker no no no no no no yes no 

Number of shot blaster 

wheels 

[no.] 4 8 no no 8 no 8 8 

Pickling tanks length [m] 40 67 48 103 45 60 44 42 

In-line mill/skin-pass no no no 2 high no no no no 

Company ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni ThyssenKrupp Mexinox 

[no.] 

5 5 

Shanghai Krupp 

Stainless 

Site Terni San Luis Potosí Shanghai 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 1.8-7.0 1.5-6.5 1.5-6.5 0.3-3.0 0.3-4.0 0.8-4.0 1.8-6.7 0.3-4.0 1.5-6.0 0.3-3.0 

Max. width [mm] 1,550 1,570 1,570 1,570 1,540 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,340 

Max. coil weight [t] 30 30 28 30 28 30 30 30 30 28 

Type HAPL HAPL HAPL & CAPL CAPL CAPL HAPL & CAPL HAPL CAPL HAPL CAPL 

Max. line speed [m/min] 40 80 25 90 60 30 20 65 80 120 

Furnace length [m] 29 86 32 81 47 34 no 34 85 74 

Scale breaker no yes no no no no no no yes no 

Number of shot blaster 

wheels 

[no.] 8 16 8 no no 8 12 no 12 no 

Pickling tanks length [m] 35 132 42 102 51 45 30 50 110 150 

In-line mill/skin-pass no 2×6 high no 4 high no no no no no 2 high 

HAPL = Hot Annealing and Pickling Line CAPL = Cold Annealing and Pickling Line 


20 

Cold-rolling mills 

Company ThyssenKrupp Nirosta ThyssenKrupp Nirosta ThyssenKrupp Nirosta 

Site Krefeld Dillenburg Düsseldorf-Benrath 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.4-5.0 0.4-7.0 0.6-8.0 0.2-6.0 0.2-6.0 0.2-3.8 0.2-4.0 0.5-6.5 0.4-4.5 0.3-4.0 0.6-10.0 

Max. width [mm] 1,030 1,320 1,570 1,350 1,350 1,320 1,350 1,525 1,300 1,300 1,600 

Max. coil weight [t] 20 24 22 28 34 23 30 25 23 23 29 

Max. speed [m/min] 300 400 500 1,000 800 450 880 540 240/400 450 500 

Max. strip tension [kN] 270 400 600 500 500 350 400 450 240 400 600 

Max. roll force [kN] 6,000 8,000 14,000 12,000 8,000 8,000 13,000 13,000 8,000 8,000 16,000 

Pay-off reel yes yes yes no no no no no no no yes 

AFC no no yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes 

Company ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni 

Site Terni 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 1.0-5.0 0.4-6.0 0.2-6.4 0.7-6.5 0.2-6.3 0.2-6.3 0.4-5.0 

Max. width [mm] 1,270 1,300 1,370 1,575 1,370 1,370 1,570 

Max. coil weight [t] 21 22 27 30 30 27 28 

Max. speed [m/min] 235 300 600 800 800 700 600 

Max. strip tension [kN] 350 368 500 600 500 500 500 

Max. roll force [kN] 6,000 6,500 8,000 16,000 8,000 7,800 14,000 

Pay-off reel yes yes yes no yes yes yes 

AFC no yes yes yes yes yes yes 

Company ThyssenKrupp Mexinox Shanghai Krupp Stainless ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA* 

Site San Luis Potosí Shanghai Calvert, AL 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.3-4.0 0.3-4.0 0.3-4.0 0.2-5.0 0.2-6.0 0.2-6.0 0.2-3.0 0.2-5.0 0.2-5.0 

Max. width [mm] 1,340 1,340 1,340 1,340 1,340 1,340 1,350 1,625 1,880 

Max. coil weight [t] 25 25 25 27 28 28 35 35 35 

Max. speed [m/min] 540 590 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 

Max. strip tension [kN] 450 450 470 500 500 500 500 200 200 

Max. roll force [kN] 7,800 7,800 9,300 7,850 8,000 8,000 7,850 16,000 16,000 

Pay-off reel yes yes yes yes no no no yes yes 

AFC no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 

Bright Annealing Lines 


ThyssenKrupp Acciai 

Speciali Terni 

Site Krefeld Dillenburg Düsseldorf-Benrath Terni 

Thyssen 

Krupp 

Mexinox 

San Luis 

Potosí 

Shanghai 

Krupp 

Stainless 

Shanghai 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.4-3.0 0.3-3.5 0.15-1.2 0.3-3.0 0.2-1.0 0.3-1.5 0.35-2.0 0.3-1.3 0.25-2.0 

Max. width [mm] 1,270 1,550 1,350 1,300 1,320 1,550 1,320 1,320 1,340 

Max. coil weight [t] 24 25 30 26 26 30 25 22 28 

Type electric muffle 

muffle + 

electric 

electric electric 

muffle + 

electric 

muffle muffle muffle 

Max. line speed [m/min] 35 50 70 40 70 70 45 45 60 

Furnace length [m] 10 24 32 10 21 35 24 24 31 

Cooling zones length [m] 10 13 16 7 13 22 15 16 14 

In-line/skin-pass no no 

2 high + 

stretch 

leveler 


no no 4 high no no no

Skin-pass mills 

Company ThyssenKrupp Nirosta ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni 


Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.4-6.0 0.4-6.0 0.2-2.0 0.2-3.5 0.2-1.2 0.3-2.0 0.5-6.0 0.3-3.0 0.3-1.5 0.3-3.0 0.3-5.0 

Max. width [mm] 1,350 1,570 1,380 1,550 1,350 1,320 1,550 1,320 1,550 1,570 1,540 

Max. coil weight [t] 24 22 — 25 — 25 28 21 — — 25 

Type 2 high 2 high 

2 high 

CAPL 

In-line 

2 high 

2 high 

BAL 

In-line 

2 high 2 high 2 high 

Max. speed [m/min] 600 500 120 300 70 370 240 300 70 130 400 

Max. strip tension [kN] 300 200 110 140 — 300 140 110 120 200 120 

AFC no no no no yes no no no no no no 



Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.3-4.0 0.3-4.0 0.25-2.0 0.3-3.0 0.30-6.50 0.35-3.50 

Max. width [mm] 1,340 1,600 1,340 1,340 1,880 1,880 

Max. coil weight [t] 25 25 27 28 35 35 

Type 2 high 2 high 2 high 

2 high 

CAPL In-line 

4 high 

BAL 

In-line 

2 high 

4 high 

CAPL 

In-line 

2 high 

2 high 

CAPL In-line 

Max. speed [m/min] 500 800 600 120 600 140 

Max. strip tension [kN] 120 160 300 — 300 — 

AFC no yes yes — yes — 

BAL = Bright Annealing Line 

CAPL = Cold Annealing and Pickling Line 

Stretcher Levelling Lines 

Company ThyssenKrupp Nirosta ThyssenKrupp Nirosta 

ThyssenKrupp Acciai 

Speciali Terni 


Stainless 

Site Krefeld Dillenburg Terni Shanghai 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.3-1.2 0.2-2.0 0.15-1.2 0.3-6.0 0.2-2.0 

Max. width [mm] 1,550 1,550 1,350 1,570 1,320 

Max. coil weight [t] 28 — — 30 27 

Type continuous continuous continuous BAL In-line discontinuous continuous 

Max. strip tension [kN] 230 640 — 5,000 550 

Max. speed [m/min] 250 220 70 100 150 

BAL = Bright Annealing Line 


21

22 

Grinding lines 


Site Krefeld Dillenburg 

Düsseldorf- 

Benrath 


Acciai Speciali 

Terni 


Mexinox 


Stainless 


Stainless USA* 

Terni San Luis Potosí Shanghai Calvert, AL 

Number of units [no.] 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 


Max. width [mm] 1,550 1,350 1,560 1,550 1,560 1,550 1,550 

Min./max. coil weight [t] 30 — — 23-30 23 30 35 

Type dry wet wet dry 

Number of top grinding 

heads 

Number of bottom grinding 

heads 

1x dry and 

2x wet 

wet wet 

[no.] 4 4 4 2-4 2 2 3 

[no.] 1 no no 0-1 1 0 1 

Min./max. speed [m/min] 4-40 25 40 30-40 22-35 30 — 

Grinding type polishing 

Coating line 

grinding and 

polishing 

Company ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni 

Site Terni 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.2-1.2 

Max. width [mm] 1,550 

Max. coil weight [t] 20 

Max. speed [m/min] 25 

Slitting lines 

grinding and 

polishing 


polishing polishing 

grinding and 

polishing 

— 





Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.3-6.0 0.2-5.5 0.2-6.0 0.3-4.0 

Min./max. entry width [mm] 1,350-1,580 400-1,550 1,350-1,640 750-1,550 

Min./max. slit width [mm] 30-200 10-50 20-50 10-150 

Min./max. coil weight [t] 22-30 4-30 26-30 10-30 

Min./max. speed [m/min] 90-300 120-250 200-250 100-200 



Number of units [no.] 7 3 4** 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.3-4.0 0.25-3.0 0.3-10.0 

Min./max. entry width [mm] 1,300-1,524 1,350 1,550-1,880 

Min./max. slit width [mm] 18-50 50 25-160 

Min./max. coil weight [t] 10-25 29 35 

Min./max. speed [m/min] 50-250 200 60-250 

** one of them is a combined line 



Cut-to-length lines 


23 

ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali 

Terni 



Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.3-8.5 0.15-2.0 0.3-2.0 0.4-3.2 

Min./max. width [mm] 1,580 750-1,550 690 750-1,550 

Min./max. coil weight [t] 24-30 14-32 13 12-30 

Min./max. sheet length [mm] 6,000-12,000 4,000-9,000 4,000 3,000-8,000 

Min./max. speed [m/min] 50-100 60-100 60 12-30 



Number of units [no.] 6 1 3** 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.3-3.4 0.25-2.0 0.3-10.0 

Min./max. width [mm] 1,270-1,524 1,340 1,550-1,880 

Max. coil weight [t] 4 29 35 

Min./max. sheet length [mm] 2,438-6,500 4,000 3,050-9,150 

Min./max. speed [m/min] 35-60 90 60 

Precision Strip 


Site Dahlerbrück 

Facility 

Pickling 

Line 

Cold Rolling 

Mills 

Bright Annealing 

Lines 

Skin-pass 

Mills 

Flattener 

Slitting 

Lines 

Edges Rounding 

Lines 

Number of units [no.] 1 3 9 2 1 4 2 


Min./max. width [mm] 650 255-650 12-650 300-650 650 350-650 25-100 

Min./max. coil weight [t] 10 1.25-10 4-10 1.25-10 10 3-10 1.0 

Max. speed [m/min] 15 750 30 200 200 200 200 

Max. strip tension [kN] — 200 — 27 — — — 

Max. roll force [kN] — 2,400 — 4,000 — — — 

Pipe Production 

Company Tubificio di Terni 

Site Terni 

Facility Tube welding line 


Min./max. strip thickness [mm] 0.8-3.0 0.6-3.0 1.0-5.0 

Min./max. strip width [mm] 75-280 75-450 180-530 

Welding type high frequency laser TIG 

Pipe shapes round, square, rectangular round round, square, rectangular 

Min./max. outside diameter [mm] 25-89 25-126 57-168 

Max. speed [m/min] 120 18 2/5 

One slitting line also belongs to the pipe production. 

** one of them is a combined line 


24 


Nickel alloys 

Definition 

Nickel alloys are materials containing 

at least 30 % nickel. Combined with 

other metallic and nonmetallic elements, 

a wide variety of properties 

can be achieved in the final product. 

In addition to excellent corrosion 

resistance and heat resistance, these 

include special physical properties like 

electrical resistance, controlled thermal 

expansion and special magnetic 

properties. Depending on the product 

properties required, multiple-element 

alloys such as nickel-copper, nickel-iron, 

nickel-iron-chromium, nickel-chromium, 

nickel-molybdenum-chromium and 

nickel-chromium-cobalt are used. 


The ThyssenKrupp VDM product 

portfolio includes sheet, strip, wire, 

bar and forgings made of nickel 

alloys and special stainless steels. 

Melting and casting 

ThyssenKrupp VDM’s melt shop is 

located in Unna. It is geared toward 

producing high-nickel alloys, highalloy 

specialty steels and copper-nickel 

alloys. The materials are melted in an 

electric arc furnace and then undergo 

vacuum treatment. A ladle furnace is 

used for secondary metallurgical treatment. 

Casting takes place in a vertical 

continuous caster or by ingot casting. 

The homogeneity and purity of the 

materials can be enhanced by remelting 

in electroslag remelting (ESR) or 

in the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) 

furnaces. The cast and/or remelted 

slabs/ingots serve ThyssenKrupp 

VDM as feedstock for the production 

of sheet, strip, bar and wire. 

In addition to the conventional 

technology of open steel melting, 

ThyssenKrupp VDM also uses a newgeneration 

vacuum induction melting 

furnace (VIM furnace) at the site in 

Unna for the production of high-alloy 

specialty stainless steels, nickel alloys 

and super alloys. These withstand 

extreme mechanical and thermal stresses 

in applications in the aerospace, 

energy, oil and gas industries, as well 

as in specialized applications in electrical 

engineering and electronics.

Further processing 

Sheet and plate in thicknesses of 

2 to 100 mm are hot-rolled on a 

four-high mill at the Siegen site of 

ThyssenKrupp VDM. Finishing steps 

such as annealing, blasting, pickling, 

grinding and cutting take place at 

the Altena plant. ThyssenKrupp VDM 

also has a Sendzimir reversing mill 

that can process hot-rolled sheets 

into individual cold-rolled sheets 

with a width of up to 2,500 mm. 

At the Werdohl plant, strips are cold 

rolled on four-high and Sendzimir 

mills. Foil can be rolled to a thickness 

of 0.025 mm on a special 20-high mill. 

Annealing, leveling and cutting equip- 

ment is available to make adjustments 

according to customer specifications. 

In 2008, the Unna plant began operation 

of one of the most modern forging 

lines for high-performance alloys. The 

forging press operates with two manipulators. 

Forging material is supplied 

from certified heating and reheating 

furnaces. Following precisely specified 

procedures, this equipment will produce 

rods and semi-finished products for 

the high demands of the aerospace, 

chemical and offshore industries. 

Hot-rolled and forged rods and semifinished 

products are also finished 

at the Altena plant. Heat-treatment 

furnaces, turning, bar peeling and 

grinding machines are available to 

perform the necessary finishing work. 

A 60-ton draw bench is available for 

the production of cold-drawn precision 

bar. Furthermore, wire in fine and 

ultra-fine gauges down to a diameter 

of 0.01 mm, heavy-gauge and shaped 

wire as well as welding filler materials 

are all produced at the Werdohl plant. 

25

26 

Applications 

In many key technologies, high-performance 

nickel alloys are essential for the 

large-scale implementation and safe 

control of corrosive processes taking 

place at high temperatures. They are 

used in the energy, environmental, electronics, 

electrical engineering, automotive, 

aerospace, chemical, petrochemical, 

offshore and industrial furnace sectors. 

Heat exchangers and housings for 

gas turbines are examples of uses for 

high-performance nickel alloys, which 

offer excellent elevated-temperature 

strength and chemical stability in 

corrosive media. The auto industry 

uses exhaust catalytic converters in 

which the substrates of metallic catalytic 

converters and the wire mesh 

of ceramic catalytic converters are 

made of Nicrofer or Aluchrom alloys. 

In addition, nickel alloys are used in 

exhaust manifolds, while high-nickel 

wires can be found in spark plugs for 

gasoline engines. Wires and strips 

made of resistance alloys are needed 

for the starting and braking resistors 

in electric rail vehicles. Fuel cells, 

too, make use of nickel alloys. In the 

aerospace sector, high-performance 

nickel alloys are used for combustion 

chambers in modern airplane gas 

turbines, as well as for the liquid-fuel 

tank in the European rocket “Ariane”.

Facilities in the business field nickel alloys 

Melting and Casting 

Primary melting facilities Treatment facilities 

Company ThyssenKrupp VDM Company ThyssenKrupp VDM 

Site Unna Site Unna 

Type Arc furnace Induction furnace Type VOD VLF 

Number of units [no.] 1 3 Number of units [no.] 1 1 

Charge weight [t] 30 16 Charge weight [t] 20/30 20/30 

Rated capacity - transformer [MVA] 15 3.8 Rated capacity - transformer [MVA] — 4.5 

Furnace vessel diameter [m] 3.5 1.3 Vacuum system [mbar] 1 1 

Casting facilities 

Company ThyssenKrupp VDM 

Site Unna 

Type Slab caster Ingot 

Number of units [no.] 1 strand 

26 sites/2-12 

moulds 

Radius [m] none – 

Min./max. mould width [mm] 600-1,200 300-1,600 

Min./max. mould thickness [mm] 200-350 300-900 

Max. length [m] 8.6 4 

Vacuum melting facilities Remelting furnaces 



Type VIDP Type ESR VAR 

Number of units [no.] 1 Number of units [no.] 3 2 

Charge weight [t] 20 (30) Min./max. charge weight [t] 7-22 10-30 

Rated capacity - transformer [MVA] 7 Min./max. ingot diameter [mm] 400-1,000 400-1,000 

Furnace vessel diameter [m] 1.4 Slab thickness [mm] 930-1,200 — 

Vacuum system [mbar] 0.15 Min./max. width [mm] 320 — 

Electrode dimensions 

Min./max. ingot weight [t] 2-17 2-17 

[mm] 330-980 

Min./max. diameter Slab weight [t] 6-7 — 

Rectangular [mm] 390-1,485 I 390-770 Vacuum system [t] — 0.001 

Electrode weight round [t] 2.9-20 Rated capacity - transformer [mbar] 2.1-3.5 2-2.5 

Rectangular [t] 1.5-14 

Annealing facilities 


Site Unna 

Type Annealing trolley furnace 

Number of units [no.] 3 

Charge weight [t] 20 

Heating power (gas) [MW] 2.4 

Max. temperature [°C] 1,220 

Max. length [mm] 9,500 

VOD = Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization 

VLF = Vacuum Laddle Furnace 

VIDP = Vacuum Induction Degassing and Pouring Furnace 

ESR = Electro Slag Remelting 

VAR = Vacuum Arc Remelting 

27

28 

Subsequent processing 

Strip Production 


Site Werdohl 

Type 4 high 6 high CVC 20 high 4 high 


Min./max. strip width [mm] 400-800 400-800 350-750 80-350 

Min./max. strip thickness [mm] 0.2-5.0 0.1-5.0 0.02-1.0 0.04-3.17 

Max. coil weight [t] 9 9 9 3 

Max. roll speed [m/min] 240 450 600 250 

Max. strip tension [kN] 100 100 150 60 

Max. roll force [kN] 13,000 6,500 2,100 3,500 

Heat treatment facilities 


Site Werdohl 

Type Bright-annealing furnace Cover-tpe annealing furnace Electro puller furnace 


Min./max. strip width [mm] 400-800 2,100 70-450 

Min./max. strip thickness [mm] 0.1-4.0 1.50-5.00 0.04-3.0 

Min./max. coil weight [t] 9 4 2-6 

Min./max. annealing speed [m/min] 12-26 non-applicable 12-30 

Min./max. annealing 

temperature 

[0C] 800-1,230 400-1,050 850-1,150 

Annealing atmosphere H2 Ar H2 Min./max. furnace length [m] 8-13 1.31 Ø 4-6 

Min./max. cooling zone 

length 

[m] 6 non-applicable 4-5 

In-Line/skin-pass mill no non-applicable no 

Straightening facilities 


Site Werdohl 

Type Stretching, straightening and slitting facilities Straightening and cut-to-length facilities, degreaser 

Number of units [no.] 2 3 

Min./max. strip width [mm] 30-765 8.0-764 

Min./max. strip thickness [mm] 0.03-0.8 0.03-3.5 

Max. straightening speed [m/min] 180-200 25-40 

Max. coil weight [t] 1.5-6.0 0.5-6 

Max. stretching force [kN] 20-80 non-applicable

Strip grinding units Slitting lines 


Site Werdohl Site Werdohl 

Min./max. strip width [mm] 550-825 600-1,050 Type 

thin strip, foil, wide strip, narrow strip, 

strip- and circular shear 

Min./max. strip thickness 1.40-4.90 1.4-4.8 Number of units [no.] 6 

Number of cabins [no.] 6 3 Min./max. strip width [mm] 3.0-800 

Min./max. coil weight [t] 9 20 Min./max. strip thickness [mm] 0.025-4.8 

Min./max. grinding speed [m/min] 10 40 Min./max. slit strip width [mm] 3-100 

Number of top grinding 

heads 

Number of bottom grinding 

heads 

Pickling lines 

[no.] 6 3 Min./max. slitting speed [m/min] 30-460 

[no.] 0 3 Min./max. coil weight [t] 2-9 


Site Werdohl 

Type Hot strip pickling unit Cold strip pickling unit 


Min./max. strip width [mm] 280-800 60-800 

Min./max. strip thickness [mm] 1.70-4.80 0.1-2.0 

Max. coil weight [t] 9 9 

Max. pickling rate [m/min] 10 30 

Pickling length [m] 20 15 

In-line/skin-pass mill no no 

Wire 

Heat treatment facilities 


Site Werdohl 

Type Batch furnace Continuous annealing furnace 


Min./max. wire diameter [mm] 2.0-25.0 0.1-5.0 

Drawing equipment 


Site Werdohl 

Type Dry drawing machine Wet drawing machine 


Min./max. wire diameter [mm] 1.0-15.0 0.1-2.0 

Additionally diverse treatment facilities complement 

the wire production at the Werdohl site 

• one flat rolling machine 

• one drawing and shaving machine 

• two shot blasting machines 

• two strengthening and cutting machines. 

29

30 

Sheet production 

Rolling Mills Slab heating/reheating furnace 


Site Siegen Site Siegen 

Type 4 high Type Roller hearth 

Number of units [no.] 1 Number of units [no.] 2 

Max. sheet width [mm] 2,500 Min./max. slab width [mm] 320-2,650 

Min./max. sheet thickness [mm] 2-100 Min./max. slab thickness [mm] 3-160 

Min./max. sheet length [mm] 1,000-9,000 Min./max. slab length [mm] 600-9,000 

Max. unit weight [t] 2.8 Max. unit weight [t] 2.8 

Max. roll force [kN] 40,000 Min./max. temperature [°C] 770-1,200 

Max. roll speed [m/min.] — 

Heat treatment furnaces Descaling facilities 


Site Altena Siegen Site Altena 

Type Roller hearth Batch annealing furnace Type Shot blaster 

Number of units [no.] 1 1 Number of units [no.] 2 

Min./max. sheet width [mm] 300-3,200 100-2,160 Min./max. sheet width [mm] 500-3,200 

Min./max. sheeet thickness [mm] 1.0-42.0 2-140 Min./max. sheet thickness [mm] 0.7-180 

Min./max. sheet length [mm] — 100-6,000 Min./max. sheet length [mm] 1,000-12,000 

Max. unit weight [t] 4.5 9 Max. unit weight [t] 5 

Min./max. temperature [°C] 500-1,180 300-900 Min./max. speed [m/min] 1-10 

Pickling facilities Cold rolling mill 


Site Altena Altena Siegen Site Altena 

Type Spray pickling Tank pickling Tank pickling Type Sendzimir 

Number of units [no.] 1 3 1 Number of units [no.] 1 

Min./max. sheet width [mm] 760-3,200 8-2,500 8-2,500 Min./max. sheet width [mm] 1,000-2,600 

Min./max. sheet thickness [mm] 1.0-40.0 1.0-150.0 2-100 Min./max. sheet thickness [mm] 1.0-10.0 

Min./max. sheet length [mm] 1,300-10,000 150-8,000 1,000-9,500 Min./max. sheet length [mm] 2,000-10,000 

Max. unit weight [t] 4.5 8 2.8 Max. unit weight [t] 1.5 

Pickling length [m] 10 8 9.5 Max. roll force [kN] 25,000 

Pickling media HNO3/HF, 40°C HNO3/HF, RT HF&H2SO4,40°C Speed [m/min] 5-60 

The finishing department also has available: 

• four roller straighteners 

• two dry grinding machines, one wet grinding machine 

• two shears, one saw, two plasma cutters. 

Cooling media oil

Rod production 

Heat treatment facilities Straigthening 


Site Altena Site Altena 

Type Car-bottom furnace Type Press straightener Roller straightener 

Number of units 4 Number of units [no.] 1 5 

Min./max. furnace height [mm] 500-700 Min./max. rod diameter [mm] 25-400 8-95 

Min./max. furnace width [mm] 1,000-1,200 Min./max. rod length [mm] 300-8,000 1,800-11,000 

Min./max. furnace length [mm] 7,000-12,500 

Charge weight [t] 21 

Min./max. temperature [°C] 500-1,240 

Forge 

Forging press Manipulators 



Type Push down press Type 2 railbound, 1 mobile 


Max. press capacity [MN] 40 Carrying capacity [kN] 80-600 

Max. upsettung force [MN] 45 Load moment [kNm] 360-1,500 

Daylight [mm] 4,300 

Min./max. tongs clamping 

range 

[mm] 110-1,810 

Min./max. column spacing [mm] 3,125 Travel distance [m] 16 

Max. stroke rate [min-1] 120 

The rod production has available the following machining and finishing facilities: 

• one peeling machine, five lathes, one circle lathe 

• one abrasive grinder 

• three centreless grinders 

• four saws, two abrasive cutters 

• one hydraulic bench. 

The forge also has available: 

• three car bottom furnaces and 

• five batch furnaces. 

31

32 


Titanium 

Definition 

Titanium is the 22nd element in the 

periodic table. It is a common element 

in the earth’s crust. With an incidence 

of 0.6 %, it is the ninth most common 

element and the fourth most 

common metal. But it is only since 

the introduction of an economical and 

reliable process for extracting titanium 

from ore (Kroll process) in the early 

1950s that various titanium-based 

materials have been developed to 

meet specialized customer needs. 

These can be divided roughly into 

two categories: 

• commercially pure titanium, com- 

posed of ≥ 99.2 % titanium, plus 

accompanying elements like oxygen, 

nitrogen, carbon, iron, etc. 

• titanium alloys, i.e. titanium alloyed 

with up to about 20 % of additi- 

ves such as aluminum, vanadium, 

tin, molybdenum and zirconium 


From ore to rolled product, the manufacturing 

of titanium mill products takes 

place in three major steps: 

• reduction of titanium ore to a porous 

form of titanium metal called 

“sponge” 

• remelting of the sponge and/or 

titanium scrap – together with alloying 

elements in the case of alloys – 

to produce an ingot or slab 

• reshaping of the ingots and/or slabs 

into general mill products, or via 

intermediate sizes into bar or open- 

die forgings

Melting process 

Titanium and titanium blocks are generally 

melted twice in an electric arc 

furnace under a vacuum. For some 

“critical” applications, for instance aircraft 

engine components, a third melting 

phase is used to increase the purity 

and homogeneity of the final ingot. 

In addition to the three VAR furnaces, 

an advanced electron beam (EB) furnace 

for the production of titanium 

ingots and slabs began operation in 

Essen at the beginning of 2008. This 

is the first and so far only EB furnace 

in Europe. It offers high melting and 

recycling rates and allows the charging 

of scrap and titanium sponge thanks to 

an integrated weighing and mixing unit. 

Another innovative technology for using 

titanium scrap as raw material is the 

skull melting process that has been 

further developed at the Terni plant. 

This melting unit is distinguished by its 

high flexibility for use with various scrap 

types and weights, as well as by its 

ability to produce either ingots or slabs. 

Further processing 

The further processing of blocks and 

slabs into semi-finished titanium 

and titanium-alloy products takes 

place both on our own equipment 

and on the equipment of other segments 

of the ThyssenKrupp Group. 

The production of flat products is 

concentrated at the ThyssenKrupp 

Titanium plant in Terni. The hot- and 

cold-rolling and processing lines of 


are used to manufacture strip and 

sheet of commercial-purity titanium. 

The strip rolled in this way is used 

at ThyssenKrupp Titanium in Terni 

to make longitudinally welded pipe 

in lengths of up to 25 meters (e.g. 

for seawater desalination plants). 

This plant also has a production line 

dedicated to hot-rolled titanium and 

titanium-alloy plate, with a four-high 

hot-rolling mill and downstream finishing 

shop. To enhance flatness and 

remove stress, titanium-alloy plate can 

be flattened and stress-relieved in a 

VCF (Vacuum-Creep Flattener) at the 

Essen plant. This system is currently 

the only one of its kind in Europe. 

Long products for the aerospace industry 

are forged or rolled under our own 

strict controls both within the Group 

and by audited contract processors. 

Machining, finishing, testing and certification 

take place at the Essen plant. 

33

34 

Applications 

Because of its positive properties in 

terms of strength, density and corrosion 

resistance, titanium is ideal for the 

manufacture of components for the 

aerospace industry. Titanium alloys are 

increasingly found in structural components 

of new-generation airplanes as 

well as in engine components for temperatures 

below 550 °C. In the chemical 

industry, titanium is often the construction 

material of choice because of its 

outstanding resistance to corrosion. 

On offshore platforms, titanium is used 

in pipes for fire protection, in tube and 

plate heat exchangers, and in valves. 

Titanium has become irreplaceable 

in the marine industry. All the world’s 

tankers and cruise ships run on diesel 

engines, which are cooled with sea 

water by plate-type heat exchangers 

made of titanium. Welded titanium pipes 

are used worldwide in power plants 

and seawater desalination systems. 

Even the medical industry is dependent 

on titanium. Because of its excellent 

biocompatibility, it is often used as an 

implant material: for prosthetic joints, 

as a fixative for bones, tooth implants, 

artificial heart valves and pacemakers. 

The automotive industry, architecture 

and sports equipment as well as the 

watch and jewelry industry are among 

the new markets in which titanium is 

being used more and more often.

Facilities in the business field titanium 

Remelting furnaces 

Company ThyssenKrupp Titanium 

Site Terni Essen 

Type skull melter VAR VAR EB 


Min./max. charge weight [t] 1.6 0.1 3-13 15 

Min./max. rated capacity [MVA] 3 0.18 0.855-2.5 3.6 

Min./max. vessel diameter [m] 

ingots 0.45 Ø 

slabs 0.2 x 0.9 

0.2 ingot 0.6-1.05 Ø 

Min./max. vacuum system [mbar] 10 -3 10 -3 10 -3 -10 -2 

VAR = Vaccum Arc Remelting EB = Electron Beam 

Sheet production 

Heat treatment facilities Heat treatment furnaces 

ingot 0.84 Ø or 

slab 0.5 x 1.3 x 5 

Company ThyssenKrupp Titanium Company ThyssenKrupp Titanium 

Site Essen Site Terni 

Type Vacuum creep flattener Number of units [no.] 2 

Number of units [no.] 1 Min./max. plate width [mm] 2,100 

Bed size [m] 6.3 x 3.1 Min./max. plate thickness [mm] 60 

Max. material depth [m] 0.15 Min./max. plate length [mm] 12,000 

Max. charge weight [t] 13 Max. unit weight [t] 3.6 

Max. furnace temperature [°C] 980 Min./max. temperature [°C] 800; 1,100 

Heating furnaces Rolling mill 


Site Terni Site Terni 


Min./max. slab width [mm] 1,500 Max. plate width [mm] 2,100 

Min./max. slab thickness [mm] 170 Min./max. plate thickness [mm] 170 

Min./max. slab length [mm] 2,000 Min./max. plate length [mm] 8,000 

Max. unit weight [t] 3.6 Max. unit weight [t] 2 

Min./max. temperature [°C] 800; 1,250 Max. roll force [kN] 28 

Blasting plants Pickling lines 

Max. roll speed [m/min.] 60 


Site Terni Essen Site Terni Essen 

Number of units [no.] 1 1 Number of units [no.] 2 1 

Min./max. plate width [mm] 2,100 1,300 Min./max. plate width [mm] 2,100 950 

Min./max. plate thickness [mm] 170 500 Min./max. plate thickness [mm] 170 1,000 

Min./max. plate length [mm] 12,000 8,000 Min./max. plate length [mm] 12,000 5,000 

Max. unit weight [t] 3.6 5 Max. unit weight [t] 3.6 3 

Min./max. speed [m/min.] 1; 6 0.5-2 Pickling length [m] 13 4.5 

Pipe Production 

Welded tube mills 

Company ThyssenKrupp Titanium 

Site Terni 

Number of units [no.] 3 

Min./max. diameter [mm] 15-65 

Min./max. thickness [mm] 0.5-2.5 

Min./max. length [mm] 2,000-25,000 

An ultrasonic, eddy-current and pneumatic test is also carried out. 

10 -4 

Pickling media HF, H2SO4, H2O2 HF/HNO3 

Rod production 

The rod production also has available: 

• four saws 

• two lathes 

• one pickling line 

• one blasting plant 

• furthermore a US-test bath technique and within 

metallography a micro test are carried out 

35

36 

Processing: 

Open-die forging 

Open-die forge 

Società delle Fucine is an open-die 

forge that can produce components 

in weights of up to 250 tons. Its products 

are mainly used in the energy, 

plant engineering, chemical, petrochemical 

and offshore sectors. Typical 

applications for large forgings are 

shafts for electric generators and large 

backup rolls for plate rolling mills. 

In open-die forging, hydraulic presses, 

or so-called forging presses, are used 

for very large components. The pieces 

to be forged are moved in the press 

by manipulators that hold the part with 

tongs. After forging, the part has to be 

cooled. For larger forgings and specific 

qualities, an annealing treatment 

is necessary beforehand in order to 

guarantee the absence of cracks in the 

part. In addition, the open-die forge has 

a large number of horizontal and vertical 

turning machines, milling machines 

and grinding machines at its disposal in 

the machine shops for final processing.

Facilities in the business field processing 

Forging and Machining 

Company Società delle Fucine Company Società delle Fucine 


Facility Forging Presses Facility Forging Manipulators 

Press capacity [t] 12,600 5,000 Load moment [t×m] 120 40 250 

Min./max. column spacing [mm] 2,200-6,200 2,000-4,250 

Max. openings [mm] 6,510 4,120 

Min./max. diameter, with 

gripping section 

Min./max. diameter, without 

gripping section 

[mm] 400-1,100 250-1,000 400-1,800 

[mm] 700-1,200 620-1,300 1,400-3,000 

Min. openings [mm] 3,300 1,920 Min./max. height [mm] 1,450-2,400 1,200-2,000 2,350-5,200 

Run [mm] 13,600 7,000 22,000 

Company Società delle Fucine Company Società delle Fucine 


Facility Forging and Treatment Furnaces Facility Lathes 

Milling 

Machines 

Number of units [no.] 24 Number of units [no.] 18 3 2 

Grinding 

Machines 

Min./max. unit weight [t] 10-500 Min./max. unit weight [t] 15-220 100-400 90-100 

Max. diameter [mm] 1,750 Min./max. diameter [mm] 900-4,000 — 1,803 

Max. length [mm] 4,115 Min./max. length [mm] 1,000-4,300 — 11,590 

Min./max. chamber internal 

volume 

[m3] 1-471 Min./max. horizontal run [mm] — 

Furnace [type] 16 horizontal, 2 vertical, 1 rotating Vertical run [mm] — 3,000-5,000 5,000 

Min./max. temperature [°C] 1,000-1,230 Min./max. turntable diameter [mm] 5,500-7,300 — — 

Min./max. capacity [Gcal/h] 0.5-12.0 Min./max. height [mm] 3,200-5,700 — — 

Type [type] 

horizontal and 

vertical 

11,225- 

19,400 

16,000 

— — 

Min./max. capacity [kW] 95-544 136 82-102 

37

38 

Distribution network & service centers 

Distribution network 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless has sales 

companies, sales offices, warehouses 

and service centers throughout the 

world. This global market presence 

enables the operating companies of 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless to quickly 

provide customers with the best possible 

services and excellent quality. 

Service centers for stainless steels 

ThyssenKrupp Nirosta has three stainless 

steel service centers in Germany – 

Nirosta Service-Center GmbH (NSC) 

in Wilnsdorf, EBOR Edelstahl GmbH 

in Sachsenheim and smbChromstahl 

GmbH in Langenhagen. In Italy, 

ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni has 

a highly efficient service center, Terninox 

S.p.A., based in Ceriano Laghetto. 

In addition, ThyssenKrupp Stainless 

International operates a series of service 

centers in Spain, the UK, France, 

Poland, Hungary, Turkey and China.

Stainless steel service center 

Company Stainless Steel Service Center Production site Key Facilities 





International 


Service Center GmbH 

smbChromstahl GmbH Langenhagen (Germany) 

EBOR Edelstahl GmbH Sachsenheim (Germany) 

Terninox S.p.A. Ceriano Laghetto (Italy) 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless U.K. 

Ltd. 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless France 

S.A. 

Wilnsdorf (Germany) • 5 x Slitting lines 

Birmingham (Great Britain) 

Paris, (France) 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless D.V.P. Barcelona (Spain) 

ThyssenKrupp Silco Inox Kft. Batonyterenye (Hungary) 

ThyssenKrupp Eurinox S.A. Istanbul (Turkey) 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless Polska Kattowitz (Poland)) 


Guangzhou 

• 1 x Coil polishing, brushing and cut-to-length line 

• 2 x Sheet polishing and brushing lines 

• 1 x Sheets mirror polishing line 

• 2 x Slitting lines 

• 3 x Cut-to-length lines 

• 1 x Coil polishing and cut-to length line 

• 1 x Coil polishing line 

• 2 x Sheet polishing lines 



• 4 x Coil brushing lines 

• 1 x Sheet polishing and brushing lines 

• 2 x Shears 

• 1 x Cut-to-length line 

• 1 x Sheet polishing line 



• 1 x Coil polishing and brushing line 


• 1 x Sheet brushing line 



• 1 x Coil brushing line 

• 1 x Coil polishing and brushing line 

• 1 x Sheets mirror polishing line 



• 1 x Sheet polishing and sheet brushing line 



• 1 x Sheet polishing and brushing line 

• 1 x Slitting line 



Guangzhou (China) • 1 x Slitting line 

39

40 

Research & development 

In order to meet the challenges of 

tomorrow, the operating companies of 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless are focused 

on strategic innovations in the fields 

of applications, materials, processes 

and products. Ambitious, innovative 

and close to customers, we are pursuing 

new approaches to increase the 

performance potential of our materials 

while at the same time optimizing 

possible applications for the customer. 

Computer-assisted simulations play 

an increasingly important role here. 

For this reason, we have increased 

our collaboration with various universities 

and institutes in this field. 

Current R&D activities of ThyssenKrupp 

Stainless include the development of 

finishes with improved appearance and 

functionality, and the development of 

new alloys that will set new standards 

of heat- and corrosion resistance 

and open up additional areas of use. 

Against the background of significantly 

increased raw-material prices, particularly 

for nickel, and the current tendency 

of the final consumer to replace 

chromium-nickel-steel products with 

more cost-effective low-nickel products, 

the group’s research and development 

departments have developed alternative 

materials and optimized the production 

and processing steps so that appropriate, 

cost-effective solutions can be 

offered for almost every customer need.

Environmental protection 

For ThyssenKrupp Stainless, environmental 

management means consistent 

and continuous respect for environmental 

aspects. The company has made it 

a goal to create as few emissions and 

waste products as possible, and to use 

raw materials and energy sparingly. All 

of the ThyssenKrupp Stainless plants 

use production systems that protect 

the environment and save resources. 

Potential effects on the environment 

are taken into account in the planning 

of new facilities and in expanding and 

updating existing plants. Environmental 

protection was enhanced by a variety of 

measures adopted in the ThyssenKrupp 

Stainless plants. 

The plants also have the goal to 

reduce water usage and to optimize 

wastewater processing and acid recycling. 

There were also noteworthy 

successes in recycling consumables, 

for instance in paper usage. 

Significant successes were achieved 

in reducing environmental impact. 

However, ThyssenKrupp Stainless 

makes an above-average contribution 

to global environmental protection not 

just through its environmentally friendly 

production measures. The use of our 

highly innovative materials also has 

positive effects on the environment. 

Stainless steel is a particularly environment-friendly 

material because it 

is nearly one hundred percent recyclable, 

without any appreciable loss 

in quality. Thus recyclability is an 

important property of our materials. 

41

42 

Employees 

The ThyssenKrupp Stainless group 

employs approximately 12,000 people 

worldwide. They are a key resource 

for the sustained successful development 

of our company, since they 

provide us with their motivation, their 

knowledge and their experience. It is 

important to strengthen this potential 

through training and continuing education, 

human resources development 

and personnel marketing as well as 

ideas management. By doing so, 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless is securing its 

innovativeness and competitiveness 

and ensuring a positive response to 

the demographic trends, which is the 

only way to survive in the race for 

technological knowledge with an aging 

workforce. At its sites, ThyssenKrupp 

Stainless and its subsidiaries are known 

as reliable employers who create and 

protect jobs. ThyssenKrupp Stainless 

also strengthens communities and 

regions through its social commitment.

Human resources development 

Strategic personnel management is 

highly valued within the ThyssenKrupp 

Stainless segment. ThyssenKrupp 

Stainless offers numerous human 

resources development programs 

for its employees: 

Connect2TKL is the orientation course 

for selected graduate trainees and 

direct-entry employees. Its main 

goals are raising participants’ awareness 

of what it means to work in 

an international group, and focusing 

on intercultural understanding in 

the context of global cooperation. 

The GLAD@TKL (= Global Learning 

And Development) seminar series, 

in addition to teaching basic competencies 

according to uniform 

standards, is meant to facilitate an 

exchange of experiences and help 

create networks. The target group 

for this is made up of domestic technical 

and management trainees. 

The Develop@TKL program is aimed 

at potential candidates for senior 

management, and senior managers 

with potential. 

On the one hand, the assessment 

program serves to create transparency 

regarding management skills in 

the segment. At the same time, it is 

intended to increase motivation and 

loyalty and to facilitate networking. 

In the context of the Group initiative 

”Company Goal: Zero Accidents”, 

employees and managers receive 

special training on the topic of health 

and safety. In this program, employees 

and management from all levels of the 

domestic segment go through set training 

modules for health and safety that 

have been developed in cooperation 

with the Employer’s Liability Insurance 

Association. Our international subsidiaries 

also have numerous programs to 

help reach the goal of “Zero Accidents”. 

In addition, there is an ongoing communication 

and training initiative in 

the field of value management, linking 

the continuous and sustained 

increase of the company’s value with 

strategic and operational decisions 

through the efficient use of resources. 

43

44 

In our business units, there are 

numerous other examples of successful 

support for employees in various fields: 


invested about one million euros in 

the creation of a new training center 

in Terni. The training and continuing 

education center has an area of 800 

square meters and is located in a completely 

renovated historical building at 

the heart of the plant site. In addition 

to classroom teaching, there are also 

tools for learning “on the job,” primarily 

for tasks with extensive technological 

aspects. About 1,900 employees (workers, 

salaried employees, senior staff 

and executives) complete about 5,000 

days of training here each year. Both inhouse 

and external teachers are highly 

specialized. As a result, the training and 

continuing education center is not just 

a tool for trainees, but also an in-house 

knowledge bank for the entire range of 

all competences within the company. 

In keeping with the motto “health 

makes wealth”, each employee of VDM 

has the opportunity to collect points by 

taking part in health-related activities. A 

variety of activities apply: getting a flu 

vaccine or having a checkup; being a 

member of a certified gym; or having a 

personal absence rate of less than 4 %. 

This initiative is meant to increase 

employees’ motivation to act in a 

health-conscious way. In addition to this 

support of a “culture of good health”, 

illness-related costs will be reduced. 

Engineers, team leaders and foremen 

from all areas of production take part in 

the 5-S training program at Shanghai 

Krupp Stainless. The 5-S philosophy 

guides the organization and the 

management, with a primary focus 

on orderliness, cleanliness, discipline 

and efficiency. Primary goals are the 

standardization and improvement of 

processes in the workplace in order 

to optimize health and safety, quality, 

productivity and individual attitudes. 

The ThyssenKrupp Academy is a 

Groupwide initiative to promote training 

of management staff. Its programs are 

geared toward the company’s requirements 

and its strategy. The Academy’s 

learning platform is the Management 

School. This is where managers are 

taught new knowledge and are able to 

build business-enhancing networks. 

Additional programs for top executives 

were offered in cooperation with 

the Harvard Business School and 

the European School of Management 

and Technology. Furthermore, learning 

platforms take place at regular 

intervals, and their results are 

addressed by the Group in order to 

develop wider-reaching solutions.

Social responsibility 

The willingness to accept responsibility 

is an important aspect of professional 

life. For this reason, young apprentices 

at ThyssenKrupp Nirosta work 

on social projects where they can use 

their acquired skills and knowledge to 

provide volunteer help where it is most 

needed. ThyssenKrupp Nirosta supports 

these projects by releasing the apprentices 

for these projects. ThyssenKrupp 

Nirosta is one of the companies taking 

part in “Human Capital Return”, a 

voluntary commitment to support 

employees by giving them time off for 

social projects. Those involved hope 

to obtain certain benefits from this 

agreement with the apprentices. Young 

people are able to demonstrate reliability 

and to practice coordinating their 

own work. The apprentices’ teamwork 

is strengthened by their activity outside 

the company and their mutual cooperation. 

This has a positive effect on 

their work in the training shops as well 

as on their later work in the company. 

Each year, ThyssenKrupp Mexinox 

in San Luis Potosí celebrates the 

“Day of Children”. The employees 

along with their families and guests 

take part in numerous child-friendly 

activities and games. Among other 

things, the event increases children’s 

environmental awareness. 

Social values play a large role within the 

Stainless segment as well – for example 

at ThyssenKrupp Nirosta: In the socalled 

“transfer agency” in Krefeld, 

there are about 30 people working who 

can no longer perform their former jobs 

because of physical problems. At workplaces 

adapted to meet their needs, 

they perform tasks that had temporarily 

been outsourced, for instance paper 

recycling – the employees recycle up to 

200 tons of paper each month, a task 

that helps the environment as well. 

45

46 

Glossary 

Alloy 

An alloy is a steel material which as well as 

iron contains other metallic and/or nonmetallic 

elements (e.g. carbon, chromium, silicon). 

AOD converter 

AOD stands for Argon Oxygen Decarburization. 

The AOD converter reduces the carbon content 

of molten stainless steels to the target level 

by injecting argon and oxygen mixtures. 

Austenitic stainless steel 

Austenitic stainless steel is steel alloyed with chromium 

and nickel, and is not magnetic. It is currently 

the most commonly used type of stainless steel. 

Chromium 

Chromium is a metal which when used as an alloying 

element in steel in concentrations of more than 

12 % ensures the steel’s resistance to corrosion. 

Cold rolling 

Material to be rolled is reduced to a predetermined 

thickness in the roll gap of the cold-rolling 

mill by pressure applied between two rolls. 

Cold-rolled strip 

Cold-rolled strip is a cold-reduced flat product which 

after rolling is annealed and pickled or “bright 

annealed”, thereby becoming a saleable product. 

Continuous caster 

A semi-continuous process for the production 

of slabs from liquid steel, which is cast into a 

water-cooled copper mold. The cast strand leaves 

the mold with a just-solidified shell, is guided 

between rollers and cooled before being 

cut to the desired length by a torch cutter. 

Ferritic stainless steel 

Ferritic stainless steel contains >12 % of chromium; 

it is nickel-free and magnetic. 

Hot rolling 

A shaping process in which slabs with a thickness 

of 250 millimeters and a length of 10 

meters are rolled into 2.5-millimeter-thin 

strips with a length of up to 1 kilometer. 

Hot-rolled strip 

Hot-rolled steel strip with a width of >600 mm 

that is rolled from slabs in semi- or fully continuous 

hot strip mills and then wound into coils. 

Nickel 

As an alloying element, nickel primarily 

increases stainless steel’s resistance 

to corrosion and toughness. 

Nickel alloy 

Nickel alloy is a collective name for a series of alloys 

which contain a very high percentage of nickel 

combined with other metals – copper, chromium, 

iron, molybdenum – and are distinguished by their 

very high heat- and/or corrosion resistance. 

Sendzimir cold-rolling mill 

A Sendzimir mill is a type of mill used in all the 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless cold-rolling plants; 

it is of 20-high construction and is especially 

suitable for rolling stainless steels. The mill is 

named after its inventor, Tadeusz Sendzimir. 

Slab 

A compact rectangular block of steel that 

is produced in a continuous caster. 


Among other things, stainless steels are much 

more resistant to corrosion than conventional, 

unalloyed steels. Furthermore, they are corrosion-, 

acid- and heat-resistant, low-maintenance, hygienic, 

formable, durable and environmentally friendly. 

Titanium 

Titanium has a strength similar to that of stainless 

steel, but it is distinguished by especially high 

corrosion resistance in specific aggressive media. 

Furthermore, it displays a low specific density.

Contacts 

ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH 

Oberschlesienstraße 16 

47807 Krefeld/Germany 

Phone: +49 (0) 2151 83 01 

marketing.nirosta@thyssenkrupp.com 

www.nirosta.de 

ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni S.p.A. 

Viale B. Brin 218 

05100 Terni/Italy 

Phone: +39 (0) 7 44 490 1 

info@acciaiterni.it 

www.acciaiterni.com 

ThyssenKrupp Mexinox, S.A. de C.V. 

Av. Industrias No. 4100 

Zona Industrial 1a Sección 

78395 San Luis Potosí/S.L.P. Mexico 

Phone: +52 (0) 444 8 26 51 00 

mexinox@thyssenkrupp.com 

www.mexinox.com 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA, LLC. 

1087 Downtowner Boulevard, Suite 200 

Mobile, AL 36609/USA 

Phone: +1 251 544 3600 

ulrich.albrecht-frueh@thyssenkrupp.com 

www.thyssenkruppnewusplant.com 

Publisher: 

Shanghai Krupp Stainless Co. Ltd. 

101 Xueye Road West 

Pudong New Area 

Shanghai 20012/PR China 

Phone: +86 (0) 21 38 87 48 87 

customerservice@skschina.com 

www.skschina.com 

ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH 

Plettenberger Straße 2 

58791 Werdohl/Germany 

Phone: +49 (0) 2392 55 0 

vdm@thyssenkrupp.com 

www.thyssenkruppvdm.com 


International GmbH 

Oberschlesienstraße 16 

47807 Krefeld/Germany 

Phone: +49 (0) 2151 83 3503 

info.stainless-international@thyssenkrupp.com 

www.thyssenkrupp-stainlessinternational.com 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless AG 

Communications/Executive Affairs 

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 100 

47166 Duisburg/Germany 

Phone: +49 (0) 203 52-1 

Fax: +49 (0) 203 52-5102 

E-mail: stainless@thyssenkrupp.com 

Internet: www.thyssenkrupp-stainless.com 

47

Drucknorm 

ThyssenKrupp Stainless AG 

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 100 

interne 

47166 Duisburg/Germany 

für 

www.thyssenkrupp-stainless.com Platz

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