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The strategic and risky nature of the projects in the cluster does increase the<br />

uncertainty involved in an economic evaluation. Assessments of the likely economic<br />

returns from strategic programs would clearly need to take that into account. A<br />

traditional approach to risk is diversification. The potential contribution of a new<br />

research focus could be demonstrated with less uncertainty if it included a greater<br />

mix of projects. The cluster of projects that was the subject of this evaluation were<br />

less diverse than the overall Soil Biology Program which included more applied<br />

projects and a highly successful collaboration through the “Healthy Soils for<br />

Sustainable Farms” collaboration.<br />

Constraints on the availability of data on efficacy of the inoculants have contributed<br />

to the degree of uncertainty on the potential applicability of the inoculants being<br />

developed. Adoption of the inoculants by farmers will also be constrained until<br />

experience accumulates on the situations where inoculants can be used with<br />

confidence to generate a consistent economic response. However the potential is<br />

there for the phosphate-solubilising inoculants in particular to contribute to a more<br />

profitable and sustainable agriculture.<br />

Acknowledgments<br />

Project Leaders and <strong>Research</strong>ers of the 14 Projects in the Soil Biology Cluster<br />

(As listed in Table 2).<br />

Martin Blumenthal, Manager Agronomy Soils and Environment, GRDC.<br />

Vince Fernandes, Impact and Business Analyst, GRDC.Sanford Gleddie, Novozymes<br />

Biologicals Limited, Saskatoon, Canada.<br />

Richard Heath, (GRDC Northern Panel), Milroy, NSW.<br />

Zvi Hochman, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Brisbane.<br />

Richard Konzag, (GRDC Southern Panel), Mallalla, South Australia.<br />

Allan Mayfield (GRDC Southern Panel), Clare, South Australia.<br />

Paul Meibusch, New Farm Products and Services, GRDC.<br />

Kieran O’Keefe, NSW DPI, Griffith, NSW.<br />

John Thorne, Commercialisation Connections Pty Ltd, Gundaroo, NSW.<br />

Andrew Rice (GRDC Southern Panel),Parkes, NSW.<br />

Rob Velthuis, Novozymes Biologicals Australia, Bendigo.<br />

Julian White, Fertilefarm, Gunnedah.<br />

References<br />

ABARE (2009). “Australian Farm Survey Results 2006-07 to 2008-09”, Canberra<br />

Agtrans <strong>Research</strong> and AGEC Consulting (2007). “Investment Analyses for the<br />

Managing Climate Variability Program”. Final Report to Land and Water<br />

Australia, Canberra<br />

Bender, G. (2008) “GRDC Investment In Soil Biology -A Review”. GRDC, Canberra.<br />

Blumenthal, M., Umbers, A. and Day, P. (2008). “A responsible lead: an<br />

environmental plan for the Australian <strong>Grains</strong> Industry”. GRDC Canberra<br />

_________________________________________________________________<br />

Agtrans <strong>Research</strong> Page 35

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