The Belly of Architecture (Space and Landscape) - Changing ...

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In this way we go back to the topic chosen for the Bienal de Canarias by Juan Manuel Palerm: silence, a silence which becomes listening to the world, to landscape, to ourselves, to our vital sensations, within it. II PART ALONG THE RIVER AND INTO THE TREES The urban design project I present now starts from the consideration that the reference ground for the new urban form may be no more the traditional urban morphology (the concept of urban tissue or texture), but more generally a territorial system we can approximately define “landscape”: a system where the large unbuilt space is almost more important than the built environment. The geographic geo-morphological characters of landscape (the agricultural or the riverside landscape) seem to me to be the true figurative structure of the environment, the unique true formal structure with which the new urban architecture can relate and find solid roots. Any architectural proposal, in such situations of edge, must meet a relations system at a large scale, able to involve relationship with the place geography itself. Thus it must meet the landmark role as hits in the territory; and at the same time the urban scheme must embrace the ground design itself and the unbuilt areas design: in a word, the integrated landscape design: because only a strict integration between architectural and ground design can assure to achieve the urban design primary aim, i.e. the design of the whole system of relationships, the new “landscape geometries”. the mission of the project was to control and define not specifically the definitive architectural forms but overall the guidelines, the relation network, on which the urban design scheme, as urban guide-plan, can give a direction to the future transformations. Trento and the river Adige The parallel presence on the western edge of the valley - the railway and the river Adige – after the several rectification of the river from the second half of the 19th century – and the most recent events of the motorway and the by-pass road – draw a strong sign of discontinuity between the city of Trento and the strong slope of the Mount Bondone. They give a marginal role to the ancient burgh of Piedicastello and the monumental presence in the urban landscape of the rocky hill named Doss Trento. The river has since long a separate life in the city: it leaves to the railway the task to mark the western boundary of the city. Besides, the new course of the river, passed in the 19 th century from a meander flux to a very rectilinear and quick course, has substantially changed the character of relationship among river, city and landscape. The historical city was born with a symbiotic relationship to the river; the modern city broke the relations with it and the river became a sort of canal-infrastructure like the railway, the motorway and the by-pass road. The valley became in this way the place of speedy fluxes, of territorial crossing and the place of non-urban settlements (industries, barracks and so on): a place of extra-urban role, alternative to the network of inner urban relations present in the core of the city towards east. Today it is practically impossibile to restore a real role of the river, expanding the city to face the river, crossing the railway. It is more interesting to design a new way to conceive the new part of the city along the river, starting from the river itself and the flow-lines parallel to the river, in a vision of a landscape-city, formed as a flux-city, coming in from the South agricultural lands and going inside up to the historical city. A new part of the city where the major leisure facilities, tourism, sport, performance and cultural facilities, can be placed. This was the main idea on what we worked for the Guide-Plan commissioned from the Comune di Trento. The model tends to function in a strict integration between geographic elements (the mountain, the hill, the river) and the human settlements: a model of anti-urban nature, if we conceive the city texture in a traditional way, defined by squares, streets and blocks, but linkable to a more modern urban concept, where the distinction among natural and agricultural landscape and urban landscape is weaker and the urban space concept can expand to landscape perceptions. Such a model tends towards a dynamic concept of flux, different from the static concept of the Euclidean geometry involved in the morphology of the traditional compact city. A urban space conceived not as finished (street and square), but open to the characters of the countryside, the park, the large panoramic views, the movement and the continuous flux.
The horizon of these spaces is not yet the one of very near building walls, but a larger skyline which looks at the mountain or the geographic landmark of the rocky hill. It is central in the project the creation of a long riverpark, with different segments, running parallel to the river, bringing nature inside the core of the city, pointing at the hill and the urban central park of the station, and bringing a chain of architectures as urban facilities. The riverpark finds its knots of connection with the existing city -in the 16 th century villa delle Albere, now modern art museum, to which is given a new large empty precinct and where we re-open the connection to the city interrupted by the railway, -and in the new university library at the head of the 19 th century axis of via Verdi, pointing to the Cathedral. These two projects are part of a general new layout of the urban spaces in the university and museum campus, integrated with the new Science Museum, now designed by Renzo Piano, and a new touristic and cultural terminal. Other strategic projects are: the new music centre replacing the Italcementi farm at Piedicastello, the connection to the hill, the reuse of the tunnels, the new Library (now designed by Mario Botta); a new sport centre, the new hospital, the new stadium as urban south gate. The new linear system is helped by a new parkway as spine of the riverpark.
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