Global Drought Monitoring Service through the GEOSS Architecture ...
Global Drought Monitoring Service through the GEOSS Architecture ...
Global Drought Monitoring Service through the GEOSS Architecture ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Architectural Implementation Pilot, Phase 3 Version: 2.0<br />
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Drought</strong> <strong>Monitoring</strong> and European <strong>Drought</strong><br />
Observatory-Water SBA Engineering Report<br />
Date: 11/Feb/2011<br />
al 1999). The gazetteer assembles a correspondence between place names and spatial<br />
information. Each concept (i.e., place) can be uniquely identified by Resource Description<br />
framework via a Universal Resource Identifier (URI). Gazetteers can record a triple (place<br />
names; geographic footprints (locations); and class of described feature or representation of <strong>the</strong><br />
real world geographic entity. The place name is a “handle” to support communication.<br />
5.3 Euro<strong>GEOSS</strong> Deployment of <strong>the</strong> Foundation Vocabularies<br />
Ontologies are created out of scientific vocabularies, controlled vocabularies, where<br />
terminology has accepted meaning. So <strong>the</strong> starting point for <strong>the</strong> vocabularies in Figure 10 would<br />
be general vocabularies, such as:<br />
The GEO SBA ontologies were constructed out of:<br />
• The General Multilingual Environmental Thesaurus (GEMET): 28 of <strong>the</strong> 29 languages<br />
currently provided by <strong>the</strong> EIONET portal.<br />
• The INSPIRE Feature Concept Dictionary and Glossary: 21 of <strong>the</strong> 23 EU official<br />
languages for INSPIRE Themes, monolingual <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r terms.<br />
• The ISO 19119 categorisation of spatial data services: 21 of <strong>the</strong> 23 EU official languages.<br />
• The <strong>GEOSS</strong> Societal Benefit Areas: 5 languages.<br />
5.4 Fine Tuning <strong>the</strong> Foundation Vocabularies for SBA Application—Specialized<br />
<strong>Drought</strong> Vocabulary<br />
At <strong>the</strong> start of AIP-3, Pozzi parsed <strong>the</strong> GEMET water <strong>the</strong>saurus, in order to identify <strong>the</strong><br />
extent of drought terminology and concepts contained within it. An extensive, developed<br />
network of drought concepts would be necessary to support <strong>the</strong> presentation graphs in <strong>the</strong> user<br />
interface on <strong>the</strong> EDO portal (Figure 9) and also provide concepts linked to <strong>the</strong> drought data and<br />
information. However, parsing and browsing <strong>the</strong> GEMET <strong>the</strong>saurus for water shows it lacks any<br />
specialized drought vocabulary. 42 Even <strong>the</strong> precipitation it lists only includes chemical<br />
precipitation. 43 Hence, GEMET, by itself, is not adequate to express meteorological drought,<br />
agricultural drought, and hydrologic drought indicators or <strong>the</strong>ir associated water budget<br />
components (groundwater, streamflow, baseflow, snow cover); <strong>the</strong> base <strong>the</strong>saurus must be<br />
supplemented by a water ontology. Pozzi (of <strong>the</strong> Water Working Group), C. Fugazza of <strong>the</strong><br />
AIP-3 Semantics Working Group, and M. Santoro and S. Nativi, <strong>the</strong> Euro<strong>GEOSS</strong> architects,<br />
concurred in developing a water ontology that would include a drought specialization that could<br />
be used for both Euro<strong>GEOSS</strong> (and EDO) and <strong>the</strong> DIAS ontology registration within <strong>the</strong> semantic<br />
42<br />
http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/<strong>the</strong>me_concepts?letter=0&start=390&th=40&langcode=en&<br />
ns=4<br />
43<br />
http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/<strong>the</strong>me_concepts?letter=0&start=270&th=40&langcode=en&<br />
ns=4<br />
Page 55