Global Drought Monitoring Service through the GEOSS Architecture ...
Global Drought Monitoring Service through the GEOSS Architecture ...
Global Drought Monitoring Service through the GEOSS Architecture ...
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Architectural Implementation Pilot, Phase 3 Version: 2.0<br />
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Drought</strong> <strong>Monitoring</strong> and European <strong>Drought</strong><br />
Observatory-Water SBA Engineering Report<br />
Date: 11/Feb/2011<br />
Step 01 within <strong>the</strong> European <strong>Drought</strong> Observatory is equivalent to providing with users<br />
<strong>the</strong> ability to select one of multiple drought indicators. EDO makes available to users <strong>the</strong> choice<br />
of Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture Anomaly, and several remote<br />
sensing-based measures of vegetation health, such as fraction of Absorbed Photosyn<strong>the</strong>tic Active<br />
Radiation (fAPAR) in <strong>the</strong> case of EDO and VegDRI in <strong>the</strong> case of NIDIS (over <strong>the</strong> USA). The<br />
GDMP does not yet have <strong>the</strong> extensive development to support independent display of multiple<br />
drought indicators and indices. As noted above, SPI is already being displayed on <strong>the</strong> “Current<br />
Conditions” map.<br />
Step 02 is <strong>the</strong> processing loop of taking <strong>the</strong> selected drought indicator, running <strong>the</strong> indicator over<br />
a selected spatial domain or region, and <strong>the</strong>n returning a republished map which displays <strong>the</strong><br />
level of drought intensity or severity within this area (if drought is present at all). The current<br />
GDMP configuration displays <strong>the</strong> integrated drought severity ranking system of Figure 5 for<br />
North America and <strong>the</strong> integrated drought severity ranking system deployed by EDO for <strong>the</strong><br />
European Community. (A drought severity ranking system is being developed for Africa and is<br />
not yet deployed. The Figure 5 system can be adapted to soil moisture percentiles, which is a<br />
drought indicator within <strong>the</strong> Princeton African <strong>Drought</strong> Monitor system). Under <strong>the</strong> current<br />
system, users would have to drill down to <strong>the</strong> North American <strong>Drought</strong> Monitor and from <strong>the</strong>re<br />
to <strong>the</strong> USA, Canada, or Mexico, in order to select individual drought indicators, such as those on<br />
display on <strong>the</strong> NIDIS portal. <strong>Drought</strong> Indicators are made available on <strong>the</strong> NIDIS site. 32<br />
SPI may not be an adequate drought indicator for semiarid areas, such as areas where<br />
sources of water may be water crossing a national boundary from a snowmelt runoff mountain<br />
zone (like Central Asia), or areas where complicated moisture fluxes within <strong>the</strong> vadose zone may<br />
reverse direction and return back to <strong>the</strong> surface. The North American map currently displays<br />
drought zones using <strong>the</strong> National <strong>Drought</strong> Mitigation Center drought severity ranking system<br />
shown in Figure 5(a), while EDO deploys <strong>the</strong> “indicator” alert system shown in Figure 5(b).<br />
4.3.2 Layout and Organization of <strong>the</strong> GDMP within <strong>the</strong> NIDIS GIS Server<br />
The home page (index page) of <strong>the</strong> NIDIS portal is accessible from <strong>the</strong> World Wide<br />
Web. 33 Underneath <strong>the</strong> NIDIS banner, “US <strong>Drought</strong> Portal” is a list of subcategories: “Home,”<br />
“What is NIDIS,” “Current <strong>Drought</strong>,” “Forecasting,” etc. The URL for “current drought,” 34 <strong>the</strong><br />
URL for “forecasting” 35 show <strong>the</strong> navigation within <strong>the</strong> portal: <strong>the</strong> category item is located in <strong>the</strong><br />
32 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/drought_indicators/223<br />
33 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/drought.gov/202<br />
34 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/current_drought/208<br />
35 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/forecasting/209<br />
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