Global Drought Monitoring Service through the GEOSS Architecture ...
Global Drought Monitoring Service through the GEOSS Architecture ...
Global Drought Monitoring Service through the GEOSS Architecture ...
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Architectural Implementation Pilot, Phase 3 Version: 2.0<br />
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Drought</strong> <strong>Monitoring</strong> and European <strong>Drought</strong><br />
Observatory-Water SBA Engineering Report<br />
Date: 11/Feb/2011<br />
improvement and validation, and links to seasonal forecasting of water balance conditions. The<br />
fundamental data derived from this project will help underpin future planning and decisionmaking<br />
on a range of issues including drought management and policy, securing urban and rural<br />
water supplies, salinity, biodiversity management, ecosystem services and sustainable farming.<br />
The real-time web operational system to be developed will help agricultural industries<br />
maintain farm profitability before, during, and after drought events and help water and catchment<br />
managers quantify <strong>the</strong> impact of climate cycles or climate change on surface and groundwater<br />
recharge, vegetation and biodiversity. Additionally, risks to agricultural production may be<br />
assessed by detailed analysis of moisture availability and moisture utilization trends for all<br />
Australia. The Bureau of Rural Science presents Water Balances for Recent Months, Water<br />
Balance Annual Average, Water Maps, Land Use Maps, and Social Data. 17<br />
2.5 Africa Continental <strong>Drought</strong> <strong>Monitoring</strong><br />
Regional African drought monitoring networks have been started at AGRHYMET in<br />
West Africa, <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa Development Center <strong>Drought</strong> <strong>Monitoring</strong> Center. The<br />
Princeton Experimental African <strong>Drought</strong> monitor offers pan-Africa coverage.<br />
2.5.1 Princeton Experimental African <strong>Drought</strong> Monitor 18<br />
The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) Model is used to calculate soil moisture. 19 The<br />
Princeton Land Surface Hydrology Group initially developed a meteorological forcing dataset<br />
for global land areas for 1950-2000 to force <strong>the</strong> Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) distributed<br />
hydrologic model. The subsequent task during <strong>the</strong> first interim period involved updating <strong>the</strong><br />
global macro scale modeling to near-real-time over Africa. A particular challenge over <strong>the</strong><br />
African continent has been to update <strong>the</strong> forcing dataset (1950-2000) (and <strong>the</strong>nce <strong>the</strong> VIC<br />
simulation) to near-real-time (NRT) using available data streams.<br />
2.5.1.1 Climatology<br />
The 1950-2000 meteorology—<strong>the</strong> climatology—is derived from a blending of reanalysis<br />
(NCEP/NCAR) and gridded observation-based datasets including <strong>the</strong> Climatic Research Unit's<br />
TS2.0 monthly precipitation and temperature dataset, <strong>the</strong> NASA Tropical Rainfall Measurement<br />
Mission (TRMM) 3-hourly precipitation products and <strong>the</strong> NASA Surface Radiation Balance<br />
(SRB) short- and long-wave datasets. In effect, <strong>the</strong> observation datasets are used to spatially<br />
17 http://adl.brs.gov.au/water2010/water_cycle/index.phtml<br />
18<br />
http://hydrology.princeton.edu/~justin/research/project_global_monitor/index_africa.html<br />
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