Global Drought Monitoring Service through the GEOSS Architecture ...

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Architectural Implementation Pilot, Phase 3 Version: 2.0 Global Drought Monitoring and European Drought Observatory-Water SBA Engineering Report Date: 11/Feb/2011 low flows by predicting discharge as it is already being doing for the prediction of flood events in major pan-European catchment areas. 2.2 USA National Integrated Drought Information System 5 The US National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) is the national drought early warning system for the US. It employs three key tools: 1) the US Drought Monitor 6 (; 2) the Drought Impact Reporter 7 ; and 3) the US Drought Outlook , and hundreds of supplemental indicators, services, forecasts, and tools, to provide a snapshot of current drought conditions, how those conditions are affecting local populations, and whether the drought will continue. 2.2.1.1 USA NIDIS Portal Drill-Down Capability One interesting feature of the NIDIS map server is that one begins with a national map of drought conditions within the USA and then “drills down” to the region level and then to the basin level. The first drop down tab is “Drought monitor date,” while the second is “Zoom to area.” The third drop down tab is “Zoom to basin,” which currently includes the Upper Colorado River Basin and the Lower Colorado River Basin. Such a “drill down” system—used by both the European Drought Observatory and the USA National Integrated Drought Information System portal—can integrate the basin scale drought maps, national scale, continental scale, and global scale and, correspondingly, was selected for implementation within the Global Drought Monitoring Portal. 2.2.1.2 Soil Moisture Monitoring for Agricultural Drought As in the case of EDO, the USA National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) contains soil moisture and soil moisture anomaly maps. 8 5 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/drought.gov/202 6 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/drought_indicators/us_drought_monitor 7 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/impacts/210 8 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/forecasting/209/soil_moisture/338 Page 16
Architectural Implementation Pilot, Phase 3 Version: 2.0 Global Drought Monitoring and European Drought Observatory-Water SBA Engineering Report Date: 11/Feb/2011 Ensemble soil moisture that is based upon multiple Land Surface Models and distributed hydrologic models are available from the NASA/GSFC National Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) ensemble Drought Monitor. 9 The University of Washington experimental US surface water monitor is based on the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) distributed hydrologic model. 10 The Center for Climate Prediction (CPC) produces “Leaky Bucket Model” soil moisture. 11 2.2.1.3 Agricultural Drought Short Term Forecasting The US Drought Outlook provides an integrated drought forecast, relying heavily on the NOAA Climate Forecast System (CFS) and is issued for time-scales out to three months 12 . The soil moisture anomaly forecasts are based upon the NOAA Global Forecasting System (GFS) model; soil moisture anomalies are based upon a 1971-2000 mean climatology. 13 2.2.1.4 Indicators for Monitoring Meteorological Drought A variety of Drought Indicators are made available on the NIDIS site. 14 Examples include such items as Standardized Precipitation Indices and Palmer Drought Indices at short time-scales, 2.2.1.5 Agricultural Impacts Estimation Agricultural impacts are currently tracked by a system utilizing color coding for pasture and range land in “poor” and “very poor condition” 15 9 http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/nldas/drought/ 10 http://www.hydro.washington.edu/forecast/monitor/ 11 http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Soilmst_Monitoring/ 12 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/forecasting 13 http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/soilmst/forecasts.shtml 14 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/drought_indicators/223 15 http://www.drought.gov/portal/server.pt/community/impacts/210/tracking_agricultural_impacts/ 307 Page 17
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