einstein

y me personally.” In various letters over the next few months, Einstein described his different ideas and fantasies for home-schooling his sons,
what he would teach, and even the type of walks they would take. He wrote Hans Albert to assure him that he was “constantly thinking of you both.” 18
But Hans Albert was so angry, or hurt, that he had stopped answering his father’s letters. “I believe that his attitude toward me has fallen below
the freezing point,” Einstein lamented to Besso. “Under the given circumstances, I would have reacted in the same way.” After three letters to his
son went unanswered in three months, Einstein plaintively wrote him: “Don’t you remember your father anymore? Are we never going to see each
other again?” 19
Finally, the boy replied by sending a picture of a boat he was constructing out of wood carvings. He also described his mother’s return from the
sanatorium. “When Mama came home, we had a celebration. I had practiced a sonata by Mozart, and Tete had learned a song.” 20
Einstein did make one concession to the sad situation: he decided to give up asking Mari for a divorce, at least for the time being. That seemed
to aid her recovery. “I’ll take care that she doesn’t get any more disturbance from me,” he told Besso. “I have abandoned proceeding with the
divorce. Now on to scientific matters!” 21
Indeed, whenever personal issues began to weigh on him, he took refuge in his work. It shielded him, allowed him to escape. As he told Helene
Savi , likely with the intent that it get back to her friend Mari , he planned to retreat into scientific reflection. “I resemble a farsighted man who is
charmed by the vast horizon and whom the foreground bothers only when an opaque object prevents him from taking in the long view.” 22
So even as the personal battle was raging, his science provided solace. In 1916, he began writing again about the quantum. He also wrote a
formal exposition of his general theory of relativity, which was far more comprehensive, and slightly more comprehensible, than what had poured
forth in the weekly lectures during his race with Hilbert the previous November. 23
In addition, he produced an even more understandable version: a book for the lay reader, Relativity: The Special and the General Theory, that
remains popular to this day. To make sure that the average person would fathom it, he read every page out loud to Elsa’s daughter Margot, pausing
frequently to ask whether she indeed got it. “Yes, Albert,” she invariably replied, even though (as she confided to others) she found the whole thing
totally baffling. 24
This ability of science to be used as a refuge from painful personal emotions was a theme of a talk he gave at a celebration of Max Planck’s
sixtieth birthday. Putatively about Planck, it seemed to convey more about Einstein himself. “One of the strongest motives that leads men to art and
science is escape from everyday life with its painful crudity and hopeless dreariness,” Einstein said. “Such men make this cosmos and its
construction the pivot of their emotional life, in order to find the peace and security which they cannot find in the narrow whirlpool of personal
experience.” 25
The Treaty
In early 1917, it was Einstein’s turn to fall ill. He came down with stomach pains that he initially thought were caused by cancer. Now that his
mission was complete, death did not frighten him. He told the astronomer Freundlich that he was not worried about dying because now he had
completed his theory of relativity.
Freundlich, on the other hand, did worry about his friend, who was still only 38. He sent Einstein to a doctor, who diagnosed the problem as a
chronic stomach malady, one that was exacerbated by wartime food shortages. He put him on a four-week diet of rice, macaroni, and zwieback
bread.
These stomach ailments would lay him low for the next four years, then linger for the rest of his life. He was living alone and having trouble getting
proper meals. From Zurich, Zangger sent packages to help satisfy the prescribed diet, but within two months Einstein had lost close to fifty pounds.
Finally, by the summer of 1917, Elsa was able to rent a second apartment in her building, and she moved him in there to be her neighbor, charge,
and companion. 26
Elsa took great joy in foraging for the food he found comforting. She was resourceful and wealthy enough to commandeer the eggs and butter
and bread he liked, even though the war made such staples hard to come by. Every day she cooked for him, doted on him, even found him cigars.
Her parents helped as well by having them both over for comforting meals. 27
The health of his younger son, Eduard, also was precarious. Once again he had fevers, and in early 1917 his lungs became inflamed. After
receiving a pessimistic medical prognosis, Einstein lamented to Besso, “My little boy’s condition depresses me greatly. It is impossible that he will
become a fully developed person. Who knows if it wouldn’t be better for him if he could depart before coming to know life properly.”
To Zangger, he ruminated about the “Spartan’s method”—leaving sickly children out on a mountain to die—but then said he could not accept that
approach. Instead, he promised to pay whatever it took to get Eduard care, and he told Zangger to send him to whatever treatment facility he
thought best. “Even if you silently say to yourself that every effort is futile, send him anyway, so that my wife and my Albert think that something is
being done.” 28
That summer, Einstein traveled back to Switzerland to take Eduard to a sanatorium in the Swiss village of Arosa. His ability to use science to
rise above personal travails was illustrated in a letter he sent to his physicist friend Paul Ehrenfest: “The little one is very sickly and must go to Arosa
for a year. My wife is also ailing. Worries and more worries. Nevertheless, I have found a nice generalization of the Sommerfeld-Epstein quantum
law.” 29
Hans Albert joined his father on the journey to take Eduard to Arosa, and he then visited when Einstein was staying with his sister, Maja, and her
husband, Paul Winteler, in Lucerne. There he found his father bedridden with stomach pains, but his uncle Paul took him hiking. Gradually, with a
few rough patches, Einstein’s relationship with his older son was being restored. “The letter from my Albert was the greatest joy I’ve had for the past
year,” he told Zangger. “I sense with bliss the intimate tie between us.” Financial worries were also easing. “I received a prize of 1,500 crowns from
the Viennese Academy, which we can use for Tete’s cure.” 30
Now that he had moved into the same building as Elsa and she was nursing him back to health, it was inevitable that the issue of a divorce from
Mari would arise again. In early 1918, it did. “My desire to put my private affairs in some state of order prompts me to suggest a divorce to you for
a second time,” he wrote. “I am resolved to do everything to make this step possible.” This time his financial offer was even more generous. He
would pay her 9,000 marks rather than what had now become a 6,000 annual stipend, with the provision that 2,000 would go into a fund for their
children.*
Then he added an amazing new inducement. He was convinced, with good reason, that he would someday win the Nobel Prize. Even though the
scientific community had not yet fully come to grips with special relativity, much less his new and unproven theory of general relativity, eventually it
would. Or his groundbreaking insights into light quanta and the photoelectric effect would be recognized. And so he made a striking offer to Mari :