einstein
einstein
einstein
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
NOTES<br />
Einstein’s letters and writings through 1920 have been published in The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein series, and they are identified by the<br />
dates used in those volumes. Unpublished material that is in the Albert Einstein Archives (AEA) is identified using the folder (reel)-document<br />
numbering format of the archives. For some of the material, especially that previously unpublished, I have used translations made for me by James<br />
Hoppes and Natasha Hoffmeyer.<br />
EPIGRAPH<br />
1. Einstein to Eduard Einstein, Feb. 5, 1930. Eduard was suffering from deepening mental illness at the time. The exact quote is: “Beim<br />
Menschen ist es wie beim Velo. Nur wenn er faehrt, kann er bequem die Balance halten.” A more literal translation is: “It is the same with<br />
people as it is with riding a bike. Only when moving can one comfortably maintain one’s balance.” Courtesy of Barbara Wolff, Einstein<br />
archives, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.<br />
CHAPTER ONE: THE LIGHT-BEAM RIDER<br />
1. Einstein to Conrad Habicht, May 18 or 25, 1905.<br />
2. These ideas are drawn from essays I wrote in Time, Dec. 31, 1999, and Discover, Sept. 2004.<br />
3. Dudley Herschbach, “Einstein as a Student,” Mar. 2005, unpublished paper provided to the author. Herschbach says, “Efforts to improve<br />
science education and literacy face a root problem: science and mathematics are regarded not as part of the general culture, but rather as<br />
the province of priest-like experts. Einstein is seen as a towering icon, the exemplar par excellence of lonely genius. That fosters an utterly<br />
distorted view of science.”<br />
4. Frank 1957, xiv; Bernstein 1996b, 18.<br />
5. Vivienne Anderson to Einstein, Apr. 27, 1953, AEA 60-714; Einstein to Vivienne Anderson, May 12, 1953, AEA 60-716.<br />
6. Viereck, 377. See also Thomas Friedman, “Learning to Keep Learning,”New York Times, Dec. 13, 2006.<br />
7. Einstein to Mileva Mari , Dec. 12, 1901; Hoffmann and Dukas, 24. Hoff-mann was Einstein’s friend in the late 1930s in Princeton. He notes,<br />
“His early suspicion of authority, which never wholly left him, was to prove of decisive importance.”<br />
8. Einstein message for Ben Scheman dinner, Mar. 1952, AEA 28-931.<br />
CHAPTER TWO: CHILDHOOD<br />
1. Einstein to Sybille Blinoff, May 21, 1954, AEA 59-261; Ernst Straus, “Reminiscences,” in Holton and Elkana, 419; Vallentin, 17; Maja<br />
Einstein, lviii.<br />
2. See, for example, Thomas Sowell, The Einstein Syndrome: Bright Children Who Talk Late (New York: Basic Books, 2002).<br />
3. Nobel laureate James Franck quoting Einstein in Seelig 1956b, 72.<br />
4. Vallentin, 17; Einstein to psychologist Max Wertheimer, in Wertheimer, 214.<br />
5. Einstein to Hans Muehsam, Mar. 4,1953, AEA 60-604. Also: “I think we can dispense with this question of heritage,” Einstein is quoted in<br />
Seelig 1956a, 11. See also Michelmore, 22.<br />
6. Maja Einstein, xvi; Seelig 1956a, 10.<br />
7. www.alemannia-judaica.de/synagoge_buchau.htm.<br />
8. Einstein to Carl Seelig, Mar. 11, 1952, AEA 39-13; Highfield and Carter, 9.<br />
9. Maja Einstein, xv; Highfield and Carter, 9; Pais 1982, 36.<br />
10. Birth certificate, CPAE 1: 1; Fantova, Dec. 5, 1953.<br />
11. Pais 1982, 36–37.<br />
12. Maja Einstein, xviii. Maria was sometimes used as a stand-in for the name Miriam in Jewish families.<br />
13. Frank 1947, 8.<br />
14. Maja Einstein, xviii–xix; Fölsing, 12; Pais 1982, 37.<br />
15. Some researchers view such a pattern as possibly being a mild manifestation of autism or Asperger’s syndrome. Simon Baron-Cohen, the<br />
director of the Autism Research Center at Cambridge University, is among those who suggest that Einstein might have exhibited<br />
characteristics of autism. He writes that autism is associated with a “particularly intense drive to systemize and an unusually low drive to<br />
empathize.” He also notes that this pattern “explains the ‘islets of ability’ that people with autism display in subjects like math or music or<br />
drawing—all skills that benefit from systemizing.” See Simon Baron-Cohen, “The Male Condition,”New York Times , Aug. 8, 2005; Simon<br />
Baron-Cohen, The Essential Difference (New York: Perseus, 2003), 167; Norm Ledgin, Asperger’s and Self-Esteem: Insight and Hope<br />
through Famous Role Models (Arlington,TX: Future Horizons, 2002), chapter 7; Hazel Muir, “Einstein and Newton Showed Signs of<br />
Autism,”New Scientist , Apr. 30, 2003; Thomas Marlin, “Albert Einstein and LD,”Journal of Learning Disabilities , Mar. 1, 2000, 149. A<br />
Google search of Einstein + Asperger’s results in 146,000 pages. I do not find such a long-distance diagnosis to be convincing. Even as<br />
a teenager, Einstein made close friends, had passionate relationships, enjoyed collegial discussions, communicated well verbally, and<br />
could empathize with friends and humanity in general.<br />
16. Einstein 1949b, 9; Seelig 1956a, 11; Hoffmann 1972, 9; Pais 1982, 37; Vallentin, 21; Reiser, 25; Holton 1973, 359; author’s interview with<br />
Shulamith Oppenheim, Apr. 22, 2005.<br />
17. Overbye, 8; Shulamith Oppenheim, Rescuing Albert’s Compass (New York: Crocodile, 2003).<br />
18. Holton 1973, 358.<br />
19. Fölsing, 26; Einstein to Philipp Frank, draft, 1940, CPAE 1, p. lxiii.