The_Open_Door_deel1

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-402- The 2,500 miles of feeder roads are nearly double the 1975 figure. In the same year (1978) the total mileage of privately owned and maintained roads in the country was reported to be 1,474 of which 93 miles were paved. These roads mainly served the needs of their owners, the foreign concessionaires. Virtually all privately owned roads were situated on the rubber plantations of these concessionaires. About half of them were on Firestone's plantations (712 miles of which 41 miles paved), some twenty per cent were reported to be on LAC's plantation in Grand Bassa County (280 miles), nearly ten per cent on B.F. Goodrich's plantation (125 miles), whereas smaller plantations such as those of The Liberia Company, the Salala Rubber Corporation, and the (Liberianowned) Africa Fruit Company had constructed 70 miles, 50 miles and 65 miles, respectively, on their plantations (22). In 1978 the total road network of Liberia was over 6,000 miles (see Table 63-A). However, it should be mentioned that the geographical distribution of these roads was very uneven, reflecting political priorities as well as the importance of the various regions (counties) to Liberia's monetary economy. Like all other publicly financed facilities, road facilities are concentrated in Montserrado County. This county occupies only 6.9 per cent of the country's total area but one out of every five miles of public road constructed in Liberia lies in this county. For secondary roads even one out of every four miles constructed lies in Montserrado County. Sinoe County, on the other hand, finds itself at the bottom of the list with less than four out of every hundred miles constructed. Table 63-B also shows that the distribution of primary roads between coastal and inland counties is more or less even, but that the coastal counties have a much more elaborated network of secondary roads than the inland counties. The inland counties, on the other hand, have more feeder roads but these are not all weather roads and can only be used during the dry season. The high proportion of feeder roads in Lofa county is the result of a U.S.A.I.D.financed rural road construction programme as well as the Lofa County Integrated Rural Development Project. Similar foreign-financed projects in Nimba and Grand Gedeh Counties have resulted in a relatively large number of feeder roads in these two counties. In Grand Gedeh County the foreignowned logging companies nave also constructed a fairly substantial number of miles of feeder roads. The importance of these roads for the Liberian economy can hardly be overestimated. As late as the mid-1970's e.g. the town of Butuo in Nimba County, and situated on the border of Liberia and Ivory Coast, had no road and in fact was so isolated from the rest of Liberia that its only contact was with Ivory Coast; hence the people of Butuo used Ivory Coast's currency for their transactions, the Franc CFA. In 1978 feeder roads accounted for more than half of Liberia's road network (53.4$). One fifth of the road network consisted of secondary roads (20.8$) and one fourth of primary roads (25,8$). However, only 5.7$ of all public roads in Liberia in that year were paved roads, the remaining 94.3$ were laterite and/or earth roads. Generally speaking, one out of every four miles of road
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTY Montserrado County Bassa County Sinoe County Grand Cape Mount County Maryland County SUB-TOTAL COASTAL COUNTIES Bong County Lofa County Nimba County Grand Gedeh County SUB-TOTAL INLAND COUNTIES TOTAL FOR ALL PUBLIC ROADS Private Roads GRAND TOTAL PUBLIC ROADS IN PRIMARY ROADS 263 53 78 84 108 586 96 162 184 174 616 1*202 - - TABLE 63-A LIBERIA & ROAD SECONDARY FEEDER ROADS ROADS 248 187 - 44 122 601 154 30 114 65 16J. 264 Source: Economic Survey of Liberia, 1979, p. 53. - 455 84 93 156 82 870 194 576 445 393 1,608 2AA78 - DENSITY TOTAL ROAD MILEAGE 966 324 171 284 312 2^057 444 768 743 632 n c on 1,474 6*118 PER COUNTY AREA IN SO.. MILES 2,614 5,113 4,432 2,298 1,764 _16.,_222_ 3,628 6,836 4,624 6,434 21.523 2Z4Z45. (1978). ROAD DENSITY (SQ.MILES) 0.370 0.063 0.039 0.124 0.177 0.127. 0.122 0,112 0.161 0.098 0.120 0.122 QU62 o
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VEROFFENTLICHUNGEN AUS DEM UBERSEE-
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i 1 THE OPEN DOOR POLICY OF LIBERIA
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DE.B1CA710N For £IA. Together we s
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Vll CHAPTER 3: (continued) Page The
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ix CHAPTER 9: THE FORESTRY SECTOR P
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Footnotes Annexes Bibliography Inde
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xiii National Iron Ore Company, the
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XV China at the end of the 19th cen
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xvii economically more developed co
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XIX blancs, dans le developpement d
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XXI des Liberiens de toutes les cla
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xxiii DE OPEN DEUR POLITIEK VAN LIB
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XXV deze scheiding tussen kustgebie
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personeel - niet opgewassen was en
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\ I.M.F. i \ INTRUSCO i i j I.T.C.
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xxxi LIST OF FIGURES, MAPS, CHARTS
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TABLES (continued) Page 33 Planned
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XXXV TABLES (continued) 68 Exports
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II century, notably the Open Door P
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IV earth in Liberia. It had been th
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VI Tubman was very well aware of th
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VIII MAP 1
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exporters. It has attracted more th
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XII the more so, since no comprehen
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XIV development of rural Liberia, i
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XVI Firestone's financial contribut
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XVIII officer who had served in Lib
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XX Chapter 11 pays attention to one
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CHAPTER 1 THE PEPPER COAST BEFORE 1
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-3- "Malagueta Coast" or "Pepper Co
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-5- embarrassment towards a (growin
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in honor of the 5th President of th
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Numerous colonists from the U.S.A.
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-11- Figure 1
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-13- The'vicious circle started wit
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-15- the other - to the disadvantag
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-17- Of the colonists notably the A
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-19- The closing of the Door: The E
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-21- Consequently, both tribal peop
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The Roye Administration -23- The te
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-25- He also wanted the general edu
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-27- territory Liberia claimed by E
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m -29- The commission created in 18
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-31- re-activating the first conces
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-33- European. Its expense paid Ly
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-35- Treasury and an unfavourable e
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-37- their salaries. The resulting
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-39- Therefore President Howard of
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j -41- :j % One of the recommendati
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-43- twentieth century the Presiden
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-45- The British and French absence
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-47- In December 1923 the first mis
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-49- and he proposed the constructi
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-51- itself, upon acceptance of the
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-53- equal to 4 per cent of the cou
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-55- between the U.S.A. and Liberia
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-57- Government of Liberia agreed w
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-59- The expansion of the governmen
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-61- Another disagreement arose ove
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] -63- J Notes: ? : :i (1) Fireston
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-65- question had never been adequa
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-67- had varied from $ 8 million to
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-69- In order to protect the new co
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-71- capacity of 55,000 tyres, requ
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J -73j :i quantities of dry rubber
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-75- The charge of 3.44 cents per p
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-77- Finance in the 1970's, but owi
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-79- Planting Agreement was in Akro
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-81- on the basis of competitive pr
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-83- with the 7iresione Plantation
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-85- 1. Organization of a national
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-87- However, before he could reali
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-89- operation of the plantation. T
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j -91- i have taxed the portion of
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-93- in 1947, but also entrusted hi
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-95- company's main interest is no
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-97- poration for the period 1963 -
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-99- TABLE 4 LIBERIA COMPANY'S DIVI
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-101- 6 cents per acre had to be pa
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The Port near Greenville -103- Afte
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-105- rubber. Little is known of th
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-107- the management of the company
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j -109- } S taxes or imposts of any
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-111- The concession agreement, wit
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-113- concluded with other foreign
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-115- which is owned by a political
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-117- owners of the concession. The
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-119- eleven persons were: Vice-Pre
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-121- tain rights in cooperation wi
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-123- It is significant that despit
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-125- scribed above., providing suc
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-127- materials, the rights of the
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-129- the possibilities offered by
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I -131- sion, and sales to affiliat
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-133- concession area of 100,000 ac
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-135- such payments out of profit,"
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-137- tually all of these companies
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-139- The 1898 concession agreement
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-141- Normann, from England, which
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-143- to the English "Providence Mi
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-145- the company had in previous y
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-147- of "Globex Minerals (inc.)",
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-149- the excess acreage (38) does
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-151- old Tchien and Gbaepo Distric
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-153- only two of them referred to
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-155- not provide for a price of go
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-157- Meanwhile, the exploration ac
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-159- The excessively liberal terms
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-161- a concession for gold, diamon
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-163- difficulties which had to be
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-165- of 50? and which was of direc
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-167- The concessionaire became exe
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-169- These statements of the two s
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-171- Note that until i960 L.M.C.'s
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-173- salaries to ex-patriate perso
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-175- the - increased - capacity of
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-177- '••:] Sales Agreement bet
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-179- On January 3, 1963 a Memorand
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-181- L.M.C. would have acted in co
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-183- area described as the Bea Mou
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-185- Agreement signed by represent
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-187- geologists, economists and la
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CHRONOLOGY SUMMARIZED HISTORY OF L.
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-191- N.I.O.C. dated January 1, 196
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Year 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967
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-195- for further details of the 19
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-197- soon demonstrated by the call
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-199- of 3.2 million long tons in a
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-201- TABLE 10 FINANCIAL OBLIGATION
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-203- achievements were made in spi
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-205- After the change of the name
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-207- to concentrate on the new fin
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-209- one steel factory, in the cou
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-211- The Liberian Government owns
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-213- 1952, legal ownership of abou
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-215- Th is second part of the conc
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-217- one of its sixteen Swedish su
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-219- For these services G.I.M. is
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-221- Prior to 1974 fifty per cent
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-223- depreciation of (capital) equ
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-225- of the revision of the 1960 M
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i -227- 3 prescribing such a review
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-229- But now, having accepted bein
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-231- As a result of this review in
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-233- TABLE 14 FINANCIAL COSTS OF C
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DELIMCO/B.M.C. -235- Long-standing
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-237- equity participation (unlike
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Year 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
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-241- these funds to B.M.C. in the
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-243- negotiations which were held
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-245- S ources: - "Technical Inform
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-247- Prices of sales to affiliated
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S ource: -249- TABLE 17 INVESTMENTS
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-251- due time a mining concession
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-253- The 1967 concession agreement
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-255- Changes of the concession agr
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-257- Some reasons why the Wologisi
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-259- CHAPTER 9 THE FORESTRY SECTOR
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-261- Surveys of Liberia's Forest P
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-263- (see below) repealed the port
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-265- were authorized to issue perm
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-267- TABLE 18 LIBERIA'S NATIONAL F
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-269- The Forestry Development Auth
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-271- TABLE 19 TIMBER CONCESSIONS G
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-273- TABLE 20 PRODUCTION OF TIMBER
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-275- Souree: - Annual Report, Depa
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-277- Attempts To Establish A Natio
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YEAR 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972
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-281- As a consequence the export v
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-283- December 31, 1977 Liberia lev
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Botanical Name Category 1 Ent, cyli
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-287- these 33 companies; year of s
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-289- were also the principal share
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-291- alleged corruption involving
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-293- It is important to note here
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CHAPTER 10 -295- FISCAL PERFORMANCE
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-297- expenditures in the period pr
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-299- In these years the debt servi
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-301- TABLE 28-A COMPARATIVE STATEM
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-303- the second half of the 1930's
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-305- first to benefit from this U.
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M -307- •' \ •:i TABLE 30 fSS]
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-309- Government Revenues 1941 - 19
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TABLE 31-B MAIN SOURCES OF DOMESTIC
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-313- situation renders the Treasur
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-315- The trend of public expenditu
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-317- •• \ During the 1950 's t
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-319- $ 117 million were due for re
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-321- In 1943 Liberia and the U.S.A
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Sector -323- TABLE 33 PLANNED EXPEN
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Type of Assistance I. Economic Asst
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THE 1963 - 1978 PERIOD Revenue Perf
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Year 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
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Year 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
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1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
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-335- of the Ministry of Finance wh
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-337- Development Planning and Expe
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1.1 Agriculture 2.1 Rural Roads 2.2
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-341- The Plan which was approved b
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-343- "Uhile the performance of the
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-345- TABLE 43 PLANNED DEVELOPMENT
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-347- The unenvisaged expenditures
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-349- Under the revised Plan total
Page 409 and 410: 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
Page 411 and 412: Note: (1) Preliminary figures. Auth
Page 413 and 414: -355- Bushrod Island; a new bridge
Page 415 and 416: -357- TABLE 51 U.H. ASSISTANCE TO L
Page 417 and 418: -359- happened in a haphazard way.
Page 419 and 420: -361- The (investment) activities o
Page 421 and 422: -363- '••] the most organized a
Page 423 and 424: -365- exploited this situation by s
Page 425 and 426: -367- all offered staff positions o
Page 427 and 428: -369- allied to the Tolbert clan bu
Page 429 and 430: -371- history, secrets and traditio
Page 431 and 432: -373- At the time of the arrival of
Page 433 and 434: -375- The very few books which inde
Page 435 and 436: GOVERNMENT. MISSION. PRIVATE. TRIBA
Page 437 and 438: -379- TABLE 54 1962 POPULATION AND
Page 439 and 440: -381- about 19,000 were between 5 a
Page 441 and 442: -383- Liberia College in 1862. Elem
Page 443 and 444: -385- mark of 70$. This shocking an
Page 445 and 446: -387- The 1978 National Education S
Page 447 and 448: -389- TABLE 58-B SCHOOL ATTENDING P
Page 449 and 450: -391- TABLE 60 A. NUMBER OF STUDENT
Page 451 and 452: -393- It seems likely that the rela
Page 453 and 454: -395- Author's research based on th
Page 455 and 456: CHAPTER 12 -397- TRANSPORTATION AND
Page 457 and 458: -399- It thus facilitated the immed
Page 459: -401- how many people were employed
Page 463 and 464: -405- in Liberia was owned, finance
Page 465 and 466: -407- TABLE 65 ABSOLUTE AND RELATIV
Page 467 and 468: -409- were politically well covered
Page 469 and 470: -411- railroad which, with the exce
Page 471 and 472: -413- the concession sector (LAMCO)
Page 473 and 474: -415- 5 seater twin-engined Cessna
Page 475 and 476: -417- Besides, this segment of the
Page 477 and 478: -419- The telecommunication relay s
Page 479 and 480: -421- with Germany and hence affect
Page 481 and 482: -423- :: The 1960 - 1979 Period j F
Page 483 and 484: -425- with Sierra Leone is less tha
Page 485 and 486: -427- alarming (see Chapter 10), th
Page 487 and 488: -429- structural changes and the de
Page 489 and 490: -431- from roughly one third in 197
Page 491 and 492: -433- by Fouad Khalifa, a Lebanese,
Page 493 and 494: -435- The Government indebted itsel
Page 495 and 496: -437- a very large part of G.D.P. i
Page 497 and 498: -439- to the distribution of power,
Page 499 and 500: -441- heard. As early as 1830, but
Page 501 and 502: -U3- was wrongly thought in those d
Page 503 and 504: -445- 1962. In the 1950's the triba
Page 505 and 506: -447- Tubman Estate (66). Interesti
Page 507 and 508: -449- National Legislature, This de
Page 509 and 510: -451- The creation of state owned c
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-453- respect to foreign concession
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-455- II. The Government of Liberia
Page 515 and 516:
-457- Most notable among these clau
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-459- ADDENDUM On April 12, 1980, a
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ISBN 3-88299-040-6 ISSN 0344-4317
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