The_Open_Door_deel1

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-136- the town of Weahla in the Central Province, near the location of the factory. Liberian owned rubber processing plants (though nonexistent before 1977) and rubber processing plants of other plantations which were already engaged in such activities were excluded from this guarantee and Liberian farmers were not obliged to sell their products to the Alan Grant Company. The full details of Alan Grant's financial contribution to the Liberian Treasury have not been traced but what is known is e.g. that the company started to pay import duties after the expiration of an extra 2g years' exemption from import duties, personally granted by President Tubman on May 11, 1970 (34). The amounts paid yearly on import duties varied between $ 29,000 and $ 44,000 in the 1972 - 1977 period. The greater part of the investments in the rubber processing plant, actually located in the extreme southern part of Bong County (after the administrative reform of 1964) was financed with loans which were provided by the parent company. Because of these and other large amounts of outstanding loans, owed to the parent company and affiliated subsidiaries, but also because of improper management and embezzlement by persons in the topmanagement, the company reported large financial losses (35). As a result the company did not start to pay corporate income taxes until 1976: $ 117,432 in that year, and | 168,578 in the following year (1977). The establishment of a Government-owned rubber processing plant in Gbarnga, a mere 60 miles from Alan Grant's factory, is bound to affect the company's future operations and financial results. Thus it will also affect the company's' fi-nancial contribution to the Treasury. It is very regrettable that research on the performance of the Alan Grant Company was severely hampered by the lack of co-operation of this company's management as well as by the virtual absence of any information on this company in the files of the Concession Secretariat or elsewhere in the Ministry of Finance. CONCLUSION As Chapters 3, 4 and 5 made clear, to cope with these agricultural companies, the Government would need a fully staffed office or agency and qualified civil servants. However, the Concession Secretariat of the Ministry of Finance was only created in 1972 for this purpose and did not fulfill this role in 1978. In that year there was only one person employed with an undergraduate degree in the section that dealt with all foreign rubber and other agricultural concessions with the exception of logging companies. In September of that year he left to pursue further studies abroad. His unqualified successor was only appointed after some time and inherited the incomplete files of the companies discussed in the preceeding three chapters. Vir-
-137- tually all of these companies are in the habit of keeping part of their records exclusively in their foreign based headquarters. The information which they allow to be communicated to the Liberian Government moreover easily gets lost within the relatively disorganised Ministry of Finance. This administrative underdevelopment forms one of the most important obstacles which hinders the full utilisation of the potential which foreign investments offer.
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VEROFFENTLICHUNGEN AUS DEM UBERSEE-
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i 1 THE OPEN DOOR POLICY OF LIBERIA
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DE.B1CA710N For £IA. Together we s
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Vll CHAPTER 3: (continued) Page The
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ix CHAPTER 9: THE FORESTRY SECTOR P
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Footnotes Annexes Bibliography Inde
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xiii National Iron Ore Company, the
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XV China at the end of the 19th cen
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xvii economically more developed co
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XIX blancs, dans le developpement d
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XXI des Liberiens de toutes les cla
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xxiii DE OPEN DEUR POLITIEK VAN LIB
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XXV deze scheiding tussen kustgebie
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personeel - niet opgewassen was en
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\ I.M.F. i \ INTRUSCO i i j I.T.C.
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xxxi LIST OF FIGURES, MAPS, CHARTS
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TABLES (continued) Page 33 Planned
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XXXV TABLES (continued) 68 Exports
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II century, notably the Open Door P
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IV earth in Liberia. It had been th
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VI Tubman was very well aware of th
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VIII MAP 1
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exporters. It has attracted more th
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XII the more so, since no comprehen
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XIV development of rural Liberia, i
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XVI Firestone's financial contribut
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XVIII officer who had served in Lib
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XX Chapter 11 pays attention to one
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CHAPTER 1 THE PEPPER COAST BEFORE 1
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-3- "Malagueta Coast" or "Pepper Co
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-5- embarrassment towards a (growin
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in honor of the 5th President of th
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Numerous colonists from the U.S.A.
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-11- Figure 1
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-13- The'vicious circle started wit
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-15- the other - to the disadvantag
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-17- Of the colonists notably the A
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-19- The closing of the Door: The E
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-21- Consequently, both tribal peop
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The Roye Administration -23- The te
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-25- He also wanted the general edu
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-27- territory Liberia claimed by E
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m -29- The commission created in 18
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-31- re-activating the first conces
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-33- European. Its expense paid Ly
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-35- Treasury and an unfavourable e
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-37- their salaries. The resulting
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-39- Therefore President Howard of
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j -41- :j % One of the recommendati
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-43- twentieth century the Presiden
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-45- The British and French absence
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-47- In December 1923 the first mis
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-49- and he proposed the constructi
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-51- itself, upon acceptance of the
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-53- equal to 4 per cent of the cou
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-55- between the U.S.A. and Liberia
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-57- Government of Liberia agreed w
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-59- The expansion of the governmen
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-61- Another disagreement arose ove
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] -63- J Notes: ? : :i (1) Fireston
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-65- question had never been adequa
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-67- had varied from $ 8 million to
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-69- In order to protect the new co
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-71- capacity of 55,000 tyres, requ
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J -73j :i quantities of dry rubber
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-75- The charge of 3.44 cents per p
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-77- Finance in the 1970's, but owi
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-79- Planting Agreement was in Akro
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-81- on the basis of competitive pr
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-83- with the 7iresione Plantation
Page 143 and 144: -85- 1. Organization of a national
Page 145 and 146: -87- However, before he could reali
Page 147 and 148: -89- operation of the plantation. T
Page 149 and 150: j -91- i have taxed the portion of
Page 151 and 152: -93- in 1947, but also entrusted hi
Page 153 and 154: -95- company's main interest is no
Page 155 and 156: -97- poration for the period 1963 -
Page 157 and 158: -99- TABLE 4 LIBERIA COMPANY'S DIVI
Page 159 and 160: -101- 6 cents per acre had to be pa
Page 161 and 162: The Port near Greenville -103- Afte
Page 163 and 164: -105- rubber. Little is known of th
Page 165 and 166: -107- the management of the company
Page 167 and 168: j -109- } S taxes or imposts of any
Page 169 and 170: -111- The concession agreement, wit
Page 171 and 172: -113- concluded with other foreign
Page 173 and 174: -115- which is owned by a political
Page 175 and 176: -117- owners of the concession. The
Page 177 and 178: -119- eleven persons were: Vice-Pre
Page 179 and 180: -121- tain rights in cooperation wi
Page 181 and 182: -123- It is significant that despit
Page 183 and 184: -125- scribed above., providing suc
Page 185 and 186: -127- materials, the rights of the
Page 187 and 188: -129- the possibilities offered by
Page 189 and 190: I -131- sion, and sales to affiliat
Page 191 and 192: -133- concession area of 100,000 ac
Page 193: -135- such payments out of profit,"
Page 197 and 198: -139- The 1898 concession agreement
Page 199 and 200: -141- Normann, from England, which
Page 201 and 202: -143- to the English "Providence Mi
Page 203 and 204: -145- the company had in previous y
Page 205 and 206: -147- of "Globex Minerals (inc.)",
Page 207 and 208: -149- the excess acreage (38) does
Page 209 and 210: -151- old Tchien and Gbaepo Distric
Page 211 and 212: -153- only two of them referred to
Page 213 and 214: -155- not provide for a price of go
Page 215 and 216: -157- Meanwhile, the exploration ac
Page 217 and 218: -159- The excessively liberal terms
Page 219 and 220: -161- a concession for gold, diamon
Page 221 and 222: -163- difficulties which had to be
Page 223 and 224: -165- of 50? and which was of direc
Page 225 and 226: -167- The concessionaire became exe
Page 227 and 228: -169- These statements of the two s
Page 229 and 230: -171- Note that until i960 L.M.C.'s
Page 231 and 232: -173- salaries to ex-patriate perso
Page 233 and 234: -175- the - increased - capacity of
Page 235 and 236: -177- '••:] Sales Agreement bet
Page 237 and 238: -179- On January 3, 1963 a Memorand
Page 239 and 240: -181- L.M.C. would have acted in co
Page 241 and 242: -183- area described as the Bea Mou
Page 243 and 244: -185- Agreement signed by represent
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-187- geologists, economists and la
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CHRONOLOGY SUMMARIZED HISTORY OF L.
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-191- N.I.O.C. dated January 1, 196
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Year 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967
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-195- for further details of the 19
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-197- soon demonstrated by the call
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-199- of 3.2 million long tons in a
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-201- TABLE 10 FINANCIAL OBLIGATION
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-203- achievements were made in spi
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-205- After the change of the name
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-207- to concentrate on the new fin
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-209- one steel factory, in the cou
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-211- The Liberian Government owns
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-213- 1952, legal ownership of abou
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-215- Th is second part of the conc
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-217- one of its sixteen Swedish su
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-219- For these services G.I.M. is
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-221- Prior to 1974 fifty per cent
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-223- depreciation of (capital) equ
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-225- of the revision of the 1960 M
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i -227- 3 prescribing such a review
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-229- But now, having accepted bein
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-231- As a result of this review in
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-233- TABLE 14 FINANCIAL COSTS OF C
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DELIMCO/B.M.C. -235- Long-standing
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-237- equity participation (unlike
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Year 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
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-241- these funds to B.M.C. in the
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-243- negotiations which were held
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-245- S ources: - "Technical Inform
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-247- Prices of sales to affiliated
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S ource: -249- TABLE 17 INVESTMENTS
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-251- due time a mining concession
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-253- The 1967 concession agreement
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-255- Changes of the concession agr
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-257- Some reasons why the Wologisi
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-259- CHAPTER 9 THE FORESTRY SECTOR
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-261- Surveys of Liberia's Forest P
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-263- (see below) repealed the port
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-265- were authorized to issue perm
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-267- TABLE 18 LIBERIA'S NATIONAL F
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-269- The Forestry Development Auth
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-271- TABLE 19 TIMBER CONCESSIONS G
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-273- TABLE 20 PRODUCTION OF TIMBER
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-275- Souree: - Annual Report, Depa
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-277- Attempts To Establish A Natio
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YEAR 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972
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-281- As a consequence the export v
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-283- December 31, 1977 Liberia lev
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Botanical Name Category 1 Ent, cyli
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-287- these 33 companies; year of s
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-289- were also the principal share
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-291- alleged corruption involving
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-293- It is important to note here
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CHAPTER 10 -295- FISCAL PERFORMANCE
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-297- expenditures in the period pr
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-299- In these years the debt servi
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-301- TABLE 28-A COMPARATIVE STATEM
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-303- the second half of the 1930's
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-305- first to benefit from this U.
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M -307- •' \ •:i TABLE 30 fSS]
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-309- Government Revenues 1941 - 19
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TABLE 31-B MAIN SOURCES OF DOMESTIC
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-313- situation renders the Treasur
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-315- The trend of public expenditu
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-317- •• \ During the 1950 's t
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-319- $ 117 million were due for re
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-321- In 1943 Liberia and the U.S.A
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Sector -323- TABLE 33 PLANNED EXPEN
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Type of Assistance I. Economic Asst
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THE 1963 - 1978 PERIOD Revenue Perf
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Year 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
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Year 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
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1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
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-335- of the Ministry of Finance wh
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-337- Development Planning and Expe
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1.1 Agriculture 2.1 Rural Roads 2.2
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-341- The Plan which was approved b
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-343- "Uhile the performance of the
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-345- TABLE 43 PLANNED DEVELOPMENT
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-347- The unenvisaged expenditures
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-349- Under the revised Plan total
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1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
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Note: (1) Preliminary figures. Auth
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-355- Bushrod Island; a new bridge
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-357- TABLE 51 U.H. ASSISTANCE TO L
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-359- happened in a haphazard way.
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-361- The (investment) activities o
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-363- '••] the most organized a
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-365- exploited this situation by s
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-367- all offered staff positions o
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-369- allied to the Tolbert clan bu
Page 429 and 430:
-371- history, secrets and traditio
Page 431 and 432:
-373- At the time of the arrival of
Page 433 and 434:
-375- The very few books which inde
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GOVERNMENT. MISSION. PRIVATE. TRIBA
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-379- TABLE 54 1962 POPULATION AND
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-381- about 19,000 were between 5 a
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-383- Liberia College in 1862. Elem
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-385- mark of 70$. This shocking an
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-387- The 1978 National Education S
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-389- TABLE 58-B SCHOOL ATTENDING P
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-391- TABLE 60 A. NUMBER OF STUDENT
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-393- It seems likely that the rela
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-395- Author's research based on th
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CHAPTER 12 -397- TRANSPORTATION AND
Page 457 and 458:
-399- It thus facilitated the immed
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-401- how many people were employed
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GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTY
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-405- in Liberia was owned, finance
Page 465 and 466:
-407- TABLE 65 ABSOLUTE AND RELATIV
Page 467 and 468:
-409- were politically well covered
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-411- railroad which, with the exce
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-413- the concession sector (LAMCO)
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-415- 5 seater twin-engined Cessna
Page 475 and 476:
-417- Besides, this segment of the
Page 477 and 478:
-419- The telecommunication relay s
Page 479 and 480:
-421- with Germany and hence affect
Page 481 and 482:
-423- :: The 1960 - 1979 Period j F
Page 483 and 484:
-425- with Sierra Leone is less tha
Page 485 and 486:
-427- alarming (see Chapter 10), th
Page 487 and 488:
-429- structural changes and the de
Page 489 and 490:
-431- from roughly one third in 197
Page 491 and 492:
-433- by Fouad Khalifa, a Lebanese,
Page 493 and 494:
-435- The Government indebted itsel
Page 495 and 496:
-437- a very large part of G.D.P. i
Page 497 and 498:
-439- to the distribution of power,
Page 499 and 500:
-441- heard. As early as 1830, but
Page 501 and 502:
-U3- was wrongly thought in those d
Page 503 and 504:
-445- 1962. In the 1950's the triba
Page 505 and 506:
-447- Tubman Estate (66). Interesti
Page 507 and 508:
-449- National Legislature, This de
Page 509 and 510:
-451- The creation of state owned c
Page 511 and 512:
-453- respect to foreign concession
Page 513 and 514:
-455- II. The Government of Liberia
Page 515 and 516:
-457- Most notable among these clau
Page 517 and 518:
-459- ADDENDUM On April 12, 1980, a
Page 519:
ISBN 3-88299-040-6 ISSN 0344-4317
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