Sampling Vegetation Attributes - Natural Resources Conservation ...

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METHODS—Comparative Yield each quadrat is determined without regard to species. Be sure to save all clipped material. The reference quadrats can be used as part of these clipped quadrats. The more quadrats clipped, the better the calibration. Each distinct sampling period should have a separate calibration. Bags can be weighed in the field to determine green weight and then saved and dried to determine dry weight (see Section V.J.9.b.(6)). These weights are then used to determine average weight per reference. 9. Calculations The number of quadrats tallied for each ranking is totaled (Illustration 7, column 2) and multiplied by the ranking (column 1). Rank x Tally = Weighted ranking These weighted rankings (column 3) are summed and divided by the number of total quadrats. This indicates the average ranking for the site. ___________Total rank___________ = Average ranking for the site Total number of quadrats sampled The average yield may be estimated with a ratio estimate (described below) or a least-squares regression technique. The ratio estimate is good for quick field calculations, but the least-squares regression should be used for final data analysis. To use the ratio estimate technique, calculate the average rank and average clipped weight of the harvested quadrats by dividing the total of the clipped rankings and the total clipped weight by the number of harvested (clipped) quadrats (column 4 and 5). ____Total of clipped rankings____ = Average rank of clipped quadrats Total number of clipped quadrats ______Total clipped weight______ = Average weight of clipped quadrats Total number of clipped quadrats The average clipped weight is then divided by the average rank to determine the average rank interval. Average weight of clipped quadrats = Average rank interval (ARI) Average rank of clipped quadrats The average ranking for the site—which is based on the estimated, not clipped, quadrats—is then multiplied by the average rank interval to estimate the average yield per quadrat for the site. Average ranking for the site x Average rank interval = Average yield/Quadrat. The average yield in grams per quadrat obtained above can be converted to either pounds/acre or kilograms/hectare. Use the following table to convert grams to pounds per acre if the total area sampled is a multiple of 9.6 ft 2. 119
120 METHODS—Comparative Yield Table 6 (# of plots x size = total area) (10 x 0.96 = 9.6 ft2 ) multiply grams times 10.0 = pounds per acre (10 x 1.92 = 19.2 ft2 ) multiply grams times 5.0 = pounds per acre (10 x 2.40 = 24.0 ft2 ) multiply grams times 4.0 = pounds per acre (10 x 4.80 = 48.0 ft2 ) multiply grams times 2.0 = pounds per acre (10 x 9.60 = 96.0 ft2 ) multiply grams times 1.0 = pounds per acre (10 x 96.0 = 960.0 ft2 ) multiply grams times 0.1 = pounds per acre To convert to kilograms per hectare, first determine the number of quadrats in a hectare by dividing the number of square meters in a hectare (10,000m 2 ) by the total area (in square meters) of the quadrat. Then divide the number of quadrats in a hectare by 1,000 to arrive at the conversion factor used to convert grams per quadrat into kilograms per hectare. For example, if the quadrat size is 40 X 40 centimeters (0.4 X 0.4 meters), then the quadrat area would be 0.4 multiplied by 0.4, or .16m 2. The number of quadrats in a hectare is calculated by dividing 10,000 by .16, which works out to 62,500 quadrats per acre. Dividing this number by 1,000 results in the conversion factor, which is 62.5. The final step is to multiply the average yield per quadrat obtained from the final equation above by 62.5 to arrive at kilograms per hectare. 10. Data Analysis For trend analysis, permanent sampling units are suggested. If permanent transects are monitored, use the appropriate paired analysis technique. If the transects are not permanently marked, use the appropriate nonpaired test. When comparing more than two sampling periods, use repeated measures ANOVA. 11. References Despain, D.W., P.R. Ogden, and E.L. Smith. 1991. Plant frequency sampling for monitoring rangelands. In: G.B. Ruyle, ed. Some Methods for Monitoring Rangelands and other <strong>Natural</strong> Area <strong>Vegetation</strong>. Extension Report 9043, University of Arizona, College of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ. Revised 2/97
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SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES INTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SAMPLING VEGETATI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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I. PREFACE PREFACE The intent of th
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2 INTRODUCTION values when individu
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4 INTRODUCTION represent the “pul
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6 INTRODUCTION G. Coordination Moni
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8 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS A. Plan
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10 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Macrop
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12 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Becaus
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14 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS d From
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16 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS b Cove
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18 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS sideoa
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4 3.5 3 2.5 20 5 STUDY DESIGN AND A
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22 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS C. Oth
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24 ATTRIBUTES Frequency is the numb
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26 ATTRIBUTES 2. Advantages and Lim
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28 ATTRIBUTES b Standing crop and p
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30 ATTRIBUTES
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32 METHODS—Photographs c Angle ir
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METHODS—Photographs Hinge Rod sta
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METHODS—Photographs angle iron st
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38 METHODS—Frequency • One tran
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40 METHODS—Frequency transected,
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42 METHODS—Frequency (3) Total fr
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Page of Frequency 44 Study Number D
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METHODS—Frequency The frame is ma
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50 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank C. Dry
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52 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank After
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D. Daubenmire Method METHODS—Daub
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METHODS—Daubenmire b Ten Cover Cl
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Page of Daubenmire Study Number Dat
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50 cm Six Cover Class Frame 20 cm R
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METHODS—Line Intercept b Pilot St
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METHODS—Line Intercept Hanley, Th
Page 77 and 78: 70 METHODS—Step Point F. Step-Poi
Page 79 and 80: 72 METHODS—Step Point the boot an
Page 81 and 82: 74 METHODS—Step Point measures AN
Page 85 and 86: 78 METHODS—Point Intercept G. Poi
Page 87 and 88: 80 METHODS—Point Intercept 8. Sam
Page 89 and 90: 82 METHODS—Point Intercept b Tran
Page 91 and 92: METHODS—Point Intercept Examples
Page 93 and 94: 86 METHODS—Cover Board H. Cover B
Page 95 and 96: 88 METHODS—Cover Board g Study Do
Page 98: Page of Cover Board Method Profile
Page 101 and 102: 94 METHODS—Density I. Density Met
Page 103 and 104: 96 METHODS—Density (often very mu
Page 105 and 106: 98 METHODS—Density able to make s
Page 107: Page of Density Study Number Date E
Page 110 and 111: • Herbage Yield Tables for Trees
Page 112 and 113: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling (4
Page 114 and 115: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling d
Page 116: Page of Production Study Number Dat
Page 119 and 120: 112 METHODS—Harvest K. Harvest Me
Page 121 and 122: 114 METHODS—Harvest 7. Taking Pho
Page 123 and 124: 116 METHODS—Comparative Yield L.
Page 125: 118 METHODS—Comparative Yield (1)
Page 130 and 131: M. Visual Obstruction Method - Robe
Page 132 and 133: METHODS—Visual Obstruction—Robe
Page 134: Sampling Interval Study Location 1
Page 137 and 138: 130 METHODS—Other N. Other Method
Page 139 and 140: 132 GLOSSARY browse: (1) the part o
Page 141 and 142: 134 GLOSSARY grazable woodland: for
Page 143 and 144: 136 GLOSSARY sample: a set of sampl
Page 145 and 146: 138 GLOSSARY
Page 147 and 148: 140 REFERENCES Crocker, R.L. and N.
Page 149 and 150: 142 REFERENCES Hironaka, M. 1985. F
Page 151 and 152: 144 REFERENCES Nie, Norman H., C. H
Page 153 and 154: 146 REFERENCES Society for Range Ma
Page 155 and 156: 148 REFERENCES Whitman, W.C. and E.
Page 157: Location 150 APPENDIX A Study Locat
Page 160 and 161: APPENDIX B APPENDIX B—STUDY AND P
Page 162 and 163: APPENDIX B 3. Label 3 A placard on
Page 164 and 165: APPENDIX C Photo Identification Lab
Page 167 and 168: 160 APPENDIX C
Page 169 and 170: 162 APPENDIX D The formula for usin
Page 171: Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Pub
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