Sampling Vegetation Attributes - Natural Resources Conservation ...

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• Clippers • Paper bags • Kilogram and gram spring-loaded scales with clip • Tree diameter measuring tape • Steel post and driver • Oven for drying vegetation • Air-dry weight conversion tables • Rubber bands • Compass METHODS—Harvest 5. Training The accuracy of the measurement depends on the training and ability of the examiners. Examiners must be able to identify plant species and determine current year’s growth. 6. Establishing Studies Careful establishment of studies is a critical element in obtaining meaningful data (see Section III). a Site Selection The most important factor in obtaining usable data is selecting representative areas (critical or key areas) in which to run the study (see Section II.D). Study sites should be located within a single plant community within a single ecological site. Transects and sampling points need to be randomly located within the critical or key areas (see Section III). (1) Select transects at random (see Section III.B. 2). (2) The number of quadrats selected depends on the purpose for which the estimates are to be used, uniformity of the vegetation, and other factors (see Section III.B for Statistical considerations.) (3) Adapt the size and shape of quadrats to the vegetation community to be sampled (see Section III.B.6). b Pilot Studies Collect data on several pilot studies to determine the number of samples (transects or observation points) and the number and size of quadrats needed to collect a statistically valid sample (see Section III.B.8). c Study Layout Production data can be collected using either the baseline, macroplot, or linear study designs described in Section III.A.2 beginning on page 8. The linear technique is the one most often used. d Reference Post or Point Permanently mark the location of each study with a reference post and a study location stake (see beginning of Section III). e Study Identification Number studies for proper identification to ensure that the data collected can be positively associated with specific sites on the ground (Appendix B). f Study Documentation Document pertinent information concerning the study on the Study Location and Documentation Data form (see beginning of Section III and Appendix A). 113
114 METHODS—Harvest 7. Taking Photographs The directions for establishing photo plots and for taking close-up and general view photographs are given in Section V.A. 8. <strong>Sampling</strong> Process In addition to collecting the specific studies data, general observations should be made of the study sites (see Section II.F). a Determine the transect bearing and select a prominent distant landmark such as a peak, rocky point, etc., that can be used as the transect bearing point. b Randomly select the starting point along the transect bearing. Take the specified number of paces and read the first quadrat. c Record weights by clipping and weighing all vegetative material for each species occurring in the quadrat. Samples should be bagged and saved for determining air-dry weights. Samples from subsequent quadrats should be kept separate. The following information should be record on each bag: Date, Transect Number, Quadrat Number, and Species. When harvesting plants, include all parts of all plants within the quadrat. Exclude all parts of herbaceous plants and shrubs outside the vertical projection of the quadrat, even though the base is within the quadrat (see Illustration 23). d Continue the transect by establishing additional quadrats at specified intervals. To change the length of the transect, adjust the number of paces between quadrats. e Oven-dry samples at 60˚C for 24 hours to determine air-dry weight. 9. Calculations The weights collected for each species per quadrat placement are recorded on the Production form (see Illustration 22). a The green weight for each species is totaled for the entire transect and shown in column 5. b Column 6 is the total dry weight for each species. This column is totaled at the bottom of the form for the composition totals. c Percent composition (Column 11) is calculated by dividing the total dry weight of each species by the composition totals. d Columns 4, 7, 8, 9,and 10 are used only for double sampling. e If plant biomass is collected in grams, it can be easily converted to pounds per acres if the total area sampled is a multiple of 9.6 ft 2 .
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SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES INTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SAMPLING VEGETATI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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I. PREFACE PREFACE The intent of th
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2 INTRODUCTION values when individu
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4 INTRODUCTION represent the “pul
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6 INTRODUCTION G. Coordination Moni
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8 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS A. Plan
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10 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Macrop
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12 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Becaus
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14 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS d From
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16 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS b Cove
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18 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS sideoa
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4 3.5 3 2.5 20 5 STUDY DESIGN AND A
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22 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS C. Oth
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24 ATTRIBUTES Frequency is the numb
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26 ATTRIBUTES 2. Advantages and Lim
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28 ATTRIBUTES b Standing crop and p
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30 ATTRIBUTES
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32 METHODS—Photographs c Angle ir
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METHODS—Photographs Hinge Rod sta
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METHODS—Photographs angle iron st
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38 METHODS—Frequency • One tran
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40 METHODS—Frequency transected,
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42 METHODS—Frequency (3) Total fr
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Page of Frequency 44 Study Number D
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METHODS—Frequency The frame is ma
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50 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank C. Dry
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52 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank After
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D. Daubenmire Method METHODS—Daub
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METHODS—Daubenmire b Ten Cover Cl
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Page of Daubenmire Study Number Dat
Page 70 and 71: 50 cm Six Cover Class Frame 20 cm R
Page 72 and 73: METHODS—Line Intercept b Pilot St
Page 74 and 75: METHODS—Line Intercept Hanley, Th
Page 77 and 78: 70 METHODS—Step Point F. Step-Poi
Page 79 and 80: 72 METHODS—Step Point the boot an
Page 81 and 82: 74 METHODS—Step Point measures AN
Page 85 and 86: 78 METHODS—Point Intercept G. Poi
Page 87 and 88: 80 METHODS—Point Intercept 8. Sam
Page 89 and 90: 82 METHODS—Point Intercept b Tran
Page 91 and 92: METHODS—Point Intercept Examples
Page 93 and 94: 86 METHODS—Cover Board H. Cover B
Page 95 and 96: 88 METHODS—Cover Board g Study Do
Page 98: Page of Cover Board Method Profile
Page 101 and 102: 94 METHODS—Density I. Density Met
Page 103 and 104: 96 METHODS—Density (often very mu
Page 105 and 106: 98 METHODS—Density able to make s
Page 107: Page of Density Study Number Date E
Page 110 and 111: • Herbage Yield Tables for Trees
Page 112 and 113: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling (4
Page 114 and 115: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling d
Page 116: Page of Production Study Number Dat
Page 119: 112 METHODS—Harvest K. Harvest Me
Page 123 and 124: 116 METHODS—Comparative Yield L.
Page 125 and 126: 118 METHODS—Comparative Yield (1)
Page 127 and 128: 120 METHODS—Comparative Yield Tab
Page 130 and 131: M. Visual Obstruction Method - Robe
Page 132 and 133: METHODS—Visual Obstruction—Robe
Page 134: Sampling Interval Study Location 1
Page 137 and 138: 130 METHODS—Other N. Other Method
Page 139 and 140: 132 GLOSSARY browse: (1) the part o
Page 141 and 142: 134 GLOSSARY grazable woodland: for
Page 143 and 144: 136 GLOSSARY sample: a set of sampl
Page 145 and 146: 138 GLOSSARY
Page 147 and 148: 140 REFERENCES Crocker, R.L. and N.
Page 149 and 150: 142 REFERENCES Hironaka, M. 1985. F
Page 151 and 152: 144 REFERENCES Nie, Norman H., C. H
Page 153 and 154: 146 REFERENCES Society for Range Ma
Page 155 and 156: 148 REFERENCES Whitman, W.C. and E.
Page 157: Location 150 APPENDIX A Study Locat
Page 160 and 161: APPENDIX B APPENDIX B—STUDY AND P
Page 162 and 163: APPENDIX B 3. Label 3 A placard on
Page 164 and 165: APPENDIX C Photo Identification Lab
Page 167 and 168: 160 APPENDIX C
Page 169 and 170: 162 APPENDIX D The formula for usin
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Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Pub
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