Sampling Vegetation Attributes - Natural Resources Conservation ...

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2 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 30.48cm removable spikes 2 1/2 m Examples of Cover Boards Illustration 20 hinged inside 2'-0" METHODS—Cover Board hinged 2'-6" Profile Board Density Board wing nuts 2'-10" 93 5'-0"
94 METHODS—Density I. Density Method 1. General Description Density is the number of individuals of a species in a given unit of area. For rhizomatous and other species for which the delineation of separate individual plants is difficult, density can also mean the number of stems, inflorescences, culm groups, or other plant parts per unit area. 2. Areas of Use This method has wide applicability and is suited for use with grasses, forbs, shrubs, and trees. 3. Advantages and Limitations a Generally, the density of mature perennial plants is not affected as much by annual variations in precipitation as are other vegetation attributes such as canopy cover or herbage production. b Density is a quantifiable and absolute attribute. c Density is sensitive to changes in the adult population caused by long-term climatic conditions or resource uses. d Density provides useful information on seedling emergence, survival, and mortality. e <strong>Sampling</strong> is often quick and easy with certain life forms (e.g., trees, shrubs, bunchgrasses). f Plant communities on the same ecological sites can be compared using density estimates on specific species or lifeforms. g Density can be useful in estimating plant responses to management actions. h It can often be difficult to delineate an individual, especially when sampling sod forming plants (stoloniferous, or rhizomatous plants) and multi-stemmed grasses or closely spaced shrubs. Although in these cases a surrogate plant part (e.g., upright stems, inflorescences, culm groups) can be counted, the usefulness of such estimates is limited to the biological significance of changes in these surrogates. i <strong>Sampling</strong> may be slow and tedious in dense populations; this also raises the risk of non-sampling errors. j There is no single quadrat size and shape that will efficiently and adequately sample all species and life forms. For this reason, density estimations are usually limited to one or a few key species. 4. Equipment The following equipment is needed (see also the equipment listed in Section V.A, page 31, for the establishment of the photo plot): • Study Location and Documentation Data form (see Appendix A) • Density form (see Illustration 21) • Tapes: 50-, 100-, 150-, or 200-meter delineated in centimeters. (Tapes in
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SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES INTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SAMPLING VEGETATI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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I. PREFACE PREFACE The intent of th
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2 INTRODUCTION values when individu
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4 INTRODUCTION represent the “pul
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6 INTRODUCTION G. Coordination Moni
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8 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS A. Plan
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10 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Macrop
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12 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Becaus
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14 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS d From
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16 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS b Cove
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18 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS sideoa
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4 3.5 3 2.5 20 5 STUDY DESIGN AND A
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22 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS C. Oth
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24 ATTRIBUTES Frequency is the numb
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26 ATTRIBUTES 2. Advantages and Lim
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28 ATTRIBUTES b Standing crop and p
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30 ATTRIBUTES
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32 METHODS—Photographs c Angle ir
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METHODS—Photographs Hinge Rod sta
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METHODS—Photographs angle iron st
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38 METHODS—Frequency • One tran
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40 METHODS—Frequency transected,
Page 49 and 50: 42 METHODS—Frequency (3) Total fr
Page 51: Page of Frequency 44 Study Number D
Page 55 and 56: METHODS—Frequency The frame is ma
Page 57 and 58: 50 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank C. Dry
Page 59 and 60: 52 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank After
Page 62 and 63: D. Daubenmire Method METHODS—Daub
Page 64 and 65: METHODS—Daubenmire b Ten Cover Cl
Page 66: Page of Daubenmire Study Number Dat
Page 70 and 71: 50 cm Six Cover Class Frame 20 cm R
Page 72 and 73: METHODS—Line Intercept b Pilot St
Page 74 and 75: METHODS—Line Intercept Hanley, Th
Page 77 and 78: 70 METHODS—Step Point F. Step-Poi
Page 79 and 80: 72 METHODS—Step Point the boot an
Page 81 and 82: 74 METHODS—Step Point measures AN
Page 85 and 86: 78 METHODS—Point Intercept G. Poi
Page 87 and 88: 80 METHODS—Point Intercept 8. Sam
Page 89 and 90: 82 METHODS—Point Intercept b Tran
Page 91 and 92: METHODS—Point Intercept Examples
Page 93 and 94: 86 METHODS—Cover Board H. Cover B
Page 95 and 96: 88 METHODS—Cover Board g Study Do
Page 98: Page of Cover Board Method Profile
Page 103 and 104: 96 METHODS—Density (often very mu
Page 105 and 106: 98 METHODS—Density able to make s
Page 107: Page of Density Study Number Date E
Page 110 and 111: • Herbage Yield Tables for Trees
Page 112 and 113: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling (4
Page 114 and 115: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling d
Page 116: Page of Production Study Number Dat
Page 119 and 120: 112 METHODS—Harvest K. Harvest Me
Page 121 and 122: 114 METHODS—Harvest 7. Taking Pho
Page 123 and 124: 116 METHODS—Comparative Yield L.
Page 125 and 126: 118 METHODS—Comparative Yield (1)
Page 127 and 128: 120 METHODS—Comparative Yield Tab
Page 130 and 131: M. Visual Obstruction Method - Robe
Page 132 and 133: METHODS—Visual Obstruction—Robe
Page 134: Sampling Interval Study Location 1
Page 137 and 138: 130 METHODS—Other N. Other Method
Page 139 and 140: 132 GLOSSARY browse: (1) the part o
Page 141 and 142: 134 GLOSSARY grazable woodland: for
Page 143 and 144: 136 GLOSSARY sample: a set of sampl
Page 145 and 146: 138 GLOSSARY
Page 147 and 148: 140 REFERENCES Crocker, R.L. and N.
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142 REFERENCES Hironaka, M. 1985. F
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144 REFERENCES Nie, Norman H., C. H
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146 REFERENCES Society for Range Ma
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148 REFERENCES Whitman, W.C. and E.
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Location 150 APPENDIX A Study Locat
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APPENDIX B APPENDIX B—STUDY AND P
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APPENDIX B 3. Label 3 A placard on
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APPENDIX C Photo Identification Lab
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160 APPENDIX C
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162 APPENDIX D The formula for usin
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Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Pub
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