A System of Heraldry - Clan Strachan Society

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4 OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS micht behold their nobility and honours, but to excite their posterity to imitate the virtues of their ancestors, as Petrus Ancarena Clement says, " Arma plunbus in locis earn ob causam collocantur, non solum ut Nobihtatis indicia smt, & majorumnostrorumlVIonumenta, sed ut posteri excitentur ad laudem & decus. And Valerius Maximus upbraids a cowardly and insignificant posterity, " by those " ensigns, which as it were," says he, " tells them how unworthy they are of the " honours and privileges of their brave ancestors." When any of the family died, the statues and images were not only thus ex posed to view, but in the funerals were carried before the cotpse, as ensigns of then- nobility. This is observed by Hennanus Hermes, in his Fasciculus Juris Publici, p. 800, and Basil Kennet, in his Antiquities of Rome, tells us, that the Romans brought forth their images at the funerals of those persons only who had the Jus Imaginum; and that Augustus ordered 600 beds of images to be carried before, at the 'funeral of Marcellus and ; Sylla, the dictator, had no less than 6000. From this practice of the Romans, came the custom of succeeding ages to carry, at the funerals of great men, their ensigns of nobility, with the armorial bearings of those honourable families of whom they were descended, as well on the mother's on funeral escut- side, as on the father's ; which, by our practice, being placed < heons, round the achievement of the person deceased, are called Quarters or Branches ; and by others, Proofs of Nobility ; but by Pontus Heuterus Delphius, Stemmata, who, in his Genealogies, particularly treats of this subject, and derives our custom of carrying arms at funerals from that of the Romans above mentioned, " Quemadmodum olim apud Romanes in more positum fuit ut in these words : " majorum imagines ornandae funebrae Pompae adhiberentur, Atriaque cereis per " Armaria dispositis, ad Gentilitatem ostendendam ornarentur : ita & nostro tem- " pore in usu est, ut viri nobiles in justis funerum Exequiis, nuptiarum solenniis, ' quorundam etiam sacrorum primordiis, longa serie a proavis demissum Stemma in " medium adducant, ut scil. inde ortus sui splendorem commonstrent, dum qua- " tuor, octo, sexdecim aut triginta duo Nobilitatis suae Membra (quas vulgo qua- " teras vocant) adferunt, licet non uno eodemque ordine a singulis Insignia " locentur." From all which we observe, that the use of arms with us, being hereditary marks of honour and noble descent, are of the same nature with the Jus Imaginum among the Romans. Which opinion is confirmed by many famous writers, too numerous to be here inserted : But I cannot omit a modern one, the judicious John Brydal of Lincoln's-Inn, Esq. who, in his little book, intitled, Jus Imaginis apud Anglos, p. 53. says, " For, as in ancient times, the statues or images " of their ancestors were proofs of their nobility, so, of latter times, coat-arms came in lieu of those statues or images, and are the most certain proofs and evi- " dences of nobility. Hence it followeth, that Jus Nobilitatis is nothing else but " Jus Imaginis ; insomuch that the word Imago doth oftentimes signify nobility ; " and the right of having images with their ancestors was the same as the right " of having arms now with us." And hence it is, as Gerard Leigh tells us, in his Accidents of Armory, p. 40. " That the law of arms is for the most part directed " and regulated by the civil law." Our armorial bearings, us hereditary marks of honour, thus succeeding in place of the Roman images and statues, naturally lead us to date their rise and origin as such, from the time of the subversion of the Roman Empire by the Goths and Vandals ; who, as they sunk many liberal arts and sciences, seem to have given birth and life to that of heraldry. These northern and barbarous nations charged their shields, and other pieces of armour, with figures of fierce animals, and almost all kinds of creatures, partly for distinction's sake in time of battle, and partly for ornament's sake, according to their own particular genius ; answerable to the common saying, " Ex iis quibus quisque magis delectatur qualis etiam ipse sit " cognoscitur." These military marks and figures of lions, boars, wolves, &c. which they had on their shields, and other pieces of armour, became hereditary ensigns of honour, and were continued as such by them, and their posterity, and were called instead of Jus Imaginum, Tessera Gentilitiee, Insignia Gentilitia, and sometimes Arma as Budaeus in Pandect. " Prior pro iis" (speaking of the Roman images) says, " pos-
OF ARMORIES. 5 " teriora tempora Insignia Gentilitia habuerunt quae arma vulgo vocantur ; quac " ipsa quoque primum, nunc simile est veri, virtutis premia fuerunt, ac rerum " pracclare gestarum decora." And elsewhere, " Gentiles tuerunt hi, qui ima- " gines sui generis proierre poterant, & erant insignia Gentilitia qua; hodie arma " dicuntur." Hence they became fond of the word Gentilis: And as Sehleti observes in his Titles of Honour, it came to be used, in their language, for an honourable epithet, glorying probably in that name by which the Romans used to call them in con tempt ; for the Romans used indifferently to call all those Genriles, who were not citizens of Rome. These warlike nations, having subdued the Roman Empire, and raised their glory by military bravery, were naturally led to a high esteem of warlike achievements ; and, therefore, derived their ensigns and titles of honour from what chiefly concerned a soldier, and distinguished the different ranks of nobility, according to the different orders of military men, such as Miles, Eques, Scutifer, &-c. and their posterity, naturally desirous either to imitate, or perpetuate the warlike achievements of their ancestors, continued the same marks and ensigns of honour which were used by their ancestors : And not only so, but collateral descendants were ambi- tious to share with them in the glories of war already purchased ; and, therefore, assumed the same figures with the principal families, with some variation for difference. And, in process of time, these ensigns were also desired by others, who justly reckoned, that, by extraordinary services performed in their civil capacities, they deserved as well of their Prince or country, as others had done by their military achievements. Upon which, many devices were formed into arms, and continued as hereditary marks of honour, of which I am to speak particularly in the following treatise. And so much shall serve at present for the nature and rise of arms. As the Goths, and their northern allies, first brought in armorial bearings, and transmitted them to their posterity as hereditary marks of honour, so did they also the feudal law, by means of which, arms grew up to farther perfection ; as is evident by many armorial figures (in the following treatise) of ancient families, repre- -.enting the acknowledgments and services they were obliged to perform to their overlords and superiors, as roses, cinquefoils, spur-revels, bows and arrows, hunting- horns, ships, &c. upon which account such figures are frequent in armories all Europe over. Thus the old barons of Arran and Lorn were obliged to furnish a ship to the King in time of war, as their old charters bear ; upon which account they still carry ships, or lymphads in their arms. But of such feudal arms I have discoursed in my above-mentioned essay, and shall be more particular in my following treatise. Arms were very much improved, and in great esteem in the reign of King Charles the Great of France ; for which see Favin's Theatre of Honour, and Bartholomacus Chasa, in his Catalogue of the Glory of the World, who " says, That " that King not only constituted the Twelve Peers of France, but regulated the use " of arms." And all the French writers of that age tell us, That that great King, besides others, honoured the FrieTJanders and Scots with ensigns of honour, for their extraordinary services in his wars ; and when he and Achaius, King of Scotland, entered into that famous league about the year 792, the double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered with flower-de-luces, was added to the arms of Scot- land, as a badge and memorial of that alliance, of which I have spoken in my foresaid essay, and shall have occasion afterwards to speak of the same in the following treatise. For the better understanding of the antiquity and progress of Armories, as \ve now have them, I shall here mention only two grand occasions which contributed thereto, viz. the Crusades and Tournaments. Crusades, or expeditions to the wars in the Holy Land against the Infidels, gave occasion of bearing several new figures, hitherto unknown in arms, such as the be- zants, martlets, alerions, escalopes, &-c. besides an indefinite number of crosses, which are to be seen in arms all over Europe. For they, who undertook these expeditions, received, from the hands of bishops and priests, little crosses, made of cloth or taflcty, which they sewed on their garments, and on which account these ex- B
Page 7: ;. ' . '- N / fit jfcv
Page 11 and 12: SYSTEM OF HERALDRY, SPECULATIVE AND
Page 13: ADVERTISEMENT. ollowing SYSTEM of H
Page 16 and 17: DEDICATION. protection of your most
Page 18 and 19: iv PREFACE. M-m* as by the law of a
Page 20 and 21: ,n PREFACE. /'. e. Lyon Register, a
Page 22 and 23: viii PREFACE. or in one age ; notwi
Page 24 and 25: , OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS John Fem
Page 28 and 29: OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS peditions
Page 30 and 31: 8 OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS, &c. sup
Page 32 and 33: OF THE SURCOAT, ENSIGN, AND SHIELD.
Page 35 and 36: OF THE SURCOAT, ENSIGN, AND SHIELD.
Page 37 and 38: OF THE TINCTURES, &c. 13 So then fo
Page 39 and 40: , culled OR ARMORIAL COLOURS ic Sac
Page 41 and 42: OF THE FURRS IN HERALDRY, &c. 17 CH
Page 43 and 44: OFTHEFURR VAIR. 19 cent, argent, ch
Page 45: 4- \vt4
Page 48 and 49: M PARTITION AND REPARTITION LINES H
Page 50 and 51: : 4 OF THE PARTITION, AND REPARTITI
Page 52 and 53: OF THE PARTITION AND REPARTITION LI
Page 54 and 55: 3 -, OF THE PARTITION AND REPARTITI
Page 56 and 57: 3o OF THE PARTITION AND REPARTITION
Page 58 and 59: p OF THE PARTITION, AND REPARTITION
Page 60: H OF THE PROPER FIGURES IN HERALDRY
Page 63 and 64: OF THE PALE. 35 and granted as addi
Page 65 and 66: OF THE PALE. 37 can it be charged w
Page 67 and 68: OF THE PALE. 3> Metalh esse, aut Cd
Page 69 and 70: OF THE PALE. 41 ter argent, three b
Page 71: VL VII PlateJiff. Vol.1. nK^fy^ [^A
Page 74 and 75: 44 OF THE FESSE. Amisfield, who car
Page 76 and 77:
^6 OF THE FESSE. already several ex
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4 8 OF THE FESSE. I have seen anoth
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5D OF THE FESSE. horned or ; with t
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5i OF THE FESSE. ston, who was a se
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54 OF THE FESSE. the title of Earl
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5 6 OF THE FESSE. azure, a cheveron
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S 8 OF THE BAR. gules; crest, a dex
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fo OF THE BAR. . the English pursui
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62 OF THE BAR. Cowy. Sir James Balf
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64 OF THE BAR. Lindsey, and honoure
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J0 OF THE BAR. daughter of William
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68 OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. head. And
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7 o OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. IV. after
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ya OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. bar), colo
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- 4 . OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. KEITH o
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-6 OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. son to the
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?8 OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. Marquis of
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fc, OF THE CfflEF OR CHEF. of Dunmo
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OF THE CHIEF OR CHEF. tilitia k'one
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84 OF THE BEND. says, " That this M
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86 OF THE BEND. them collared with
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88 OF THE BEND. JOHN CALI.ENDER of
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9 o OF THE BEND. been more heraldri
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9 .2 OF THE BEND. upon account of a
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OF THE BEND. 05 ALEXANBER LESLIE of
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OF THE BEND. " JAMES REX, WE James
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OF THE BEND. & ing fled from Scotla
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OF THE BEND. ti^ed then the seal of
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01- THE BEND: 103 Mr WALTER COMRIK,
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OF THE BEND-SINISTER. title of Lord
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OF THE BEND-5INISTER. 107 Sue' >f a
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OF THE CROSS, &c. boa and heir, Cha
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OF THE CROSS, third Cumin, all \vit
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6M.1,
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n 4 OF THE CROSS, tf 6-. the presen
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OF THE CROSS, for the lands af East
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Ii8 OF THE CROSS, awe, langued gule
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S20 OF THE CROSS, fc?c.. betwixt hi
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OF THE CROSS, daughter to William L
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OF THE CROSS, tfc. lets fitched gul
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iat> OF THE CROSS, tf
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128 OF THE CROSS, We. Sir Robert Er
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130 OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR.. Pou
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13; OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. and
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'34 OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. The
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136 OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. The
Page 172 and 173:
$8. OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. bald
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OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR, Blazons,
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X4 2 OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. I h
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144 / OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. po
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i 4 6 OF THE SALTIER OR SAUTOIR. ca
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, no I4 g OF THE CHEVERON CHAP, XVI
Page 185 and 186:
OF THE CHEVERON. rose of the first,
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OF THE CHEVERON. tressure counter-f
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OF THE CHEYERON. and so the same ti
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OF THE CHEVERON. 155 Drumshargard,
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OF THE CHEVERON. 157 of the chevero
Page 195 and 196:
OF THL: CHEVERON. r 59 tercd with t
Page 197 and 198:
OF THE CHEVERON. id Sir George M-tc
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OF THE CHEVERON In the year 1549, t
Page 201 and 202:
OF THE CHEVERON. 165 page, and at t
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OF THE CHEVERON. 16;. head erased a
Page 205 and 206:
sub-ordinaries may be properly OF T
Page 207 and 208:
OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 1 7 1 atus a
Page 211 and 212:
OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. chief leader
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 1 75 FRASER
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 177 In the y
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 1 79 The Ess
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. OF TH ESCUTC
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. Sir David Lo
Page 223 and 224:
OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 185 charged
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 187 " " plus
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES vtr all in th
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Oi< i UK SUB-ORDINARIES. caio, a fa
Page 231 and 232:
OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. Which Willia
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 195- with th
Page 235 and 236:
OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 197 common d
Page 239 and 240:
OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. i 99 and azu
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. nothing of t
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. Caldwell of
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 205 The Fren
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES, Sir ROBERT H
Page 249 and 250:
OF THE SUB-ORDIXARI1 je King of Eng
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. ALEXANDER FO
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 213 The name
Page 255 and 256:
OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 215 Sir HUGH
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 2 1 7 per, o
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OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. 219 the year
Page 261 and 262:
OF THE SUB-ORDINARIES. violent stro
Page 263 and 264:
OF THE SL'U-ORDINARIKS. 223 gnuttcs
Page 265 and 266:
SYSTEM OF HERALDRY, SPECULATIVE AND
Page 267 and 268:
OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FIGURES.
Page 270 and 271:
Mte;o j\ i v 31 32 ( ' '' ;
Page 272 and 273:
230 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, fcfc. THO
Page 274 and 275:
OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, Pbilip de Sea
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334 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, the king'
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-36 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, tfc. fixe
Page 280 and 281:
23 S OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, Alexande
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OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, There are sev
Page 284 and 285:
- 4 2. OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, Ilk wa
Page 286 and 287:
CELESTIAL FIGURES, \Sc.. on a chief
Page 288 and 289:
OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, Sylvester Pet
Page 290 and 291:
243 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, We. The a
Page 292 and 293:
250 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, bv. cause
Page 294 and 295:
25* OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, fcfo MURR
Page 296 and 297:
254 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, from the
Page 298 and 299:
256 OF CELESTIAL FIGURES, bV. Somer
Page 300 and 301:
25 8 OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS.
Page 302 and 303:
^6o OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS. w
Page 304 and 305:
OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS. JOHN
Page 306 and 307:
26 4 OF MAN AND HIS PARTS IN ARMS.
Page 308 and 309:
i66 OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. ROBERT H
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OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 267 cites La
Page 313 and 314:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. THOMAS DUNBA
Page 315 and 316:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 271 married
Page 317 and 318:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 273 Scotland
Page 319 and 320:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 275 pant arg
Page 321 and 322:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. -z - 7 armed
Page 323 and 324:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. : : , JAMES
Page 325 and 326:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 281 The last
Page 327 and 328:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 28.5- endowe
Page 329 and 330:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 285 The elde
Page 331 and 332:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 287 intruste
Page 333 and 334:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 289 a. lion
Page 335 and 336:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 291 three be
Page 337 and 338:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. The name of
Page 339 and 340:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 295 David Og
Page 341 and 342:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 297 was Geor
Page 343 and 344:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 299 meet in
Page 345 and 346:
OF I 'O I'll- FOOT El) BEASTS. ramp
Page 347 and 348:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. .aid eldest
Page 349 and 350:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. KER of Samue
Page 351 and 352:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 307 And to s
Page 353 and 354:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. and Modern U
Page 355 and 356:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 1 1 3 GORDON
Page 357 and 358:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 3*3 Io way a
Page 359 and 360:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 315 The most
Page 361 and 362:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. r- In the re
Page 363 and 364:
OL FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS three boars'
Page 365 and 366:
, muzzled OF FOUR- LOOTED BEASTS. T
Page 367 and 368:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. Those also o
Page 369 and 370:
OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. OF THE FOX.
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OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. RoiitRT DAVI
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OF FOUK- LOOTED BEASTS. 3^9 his sor
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OF FQUR-FOOTED BEASTS. married a da
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OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS. 333 lands of
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REPTILIA, OR CREEPING THINGS. 335 T
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OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. 33 7 In page 61
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OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. 339 The name of
Page 385 and 386:
OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. 341 an unicorn'
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OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. 343 \\-.\\\, \v
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OF FOWLS AND BIRDS.. 345 by the Lyo
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OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. .547 Crows are
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OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. The County of H
Page 395 and 396:
OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. M'GiLL Viscount
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OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. second and thir
Page 399 and 400:
OF FOWLS AND BIRDS. 355 His younger
Page 401 and 402:
OF FISHES. 357 say, Tfor au Dauphin
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OF FISHES. 359 Many famiiie-, in Ge
Page 405 and 406:
OF VEGETABLES. 361 Sir WALTER PRING
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OF VEGETABLES. 365 Some say that th
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OF VEGETABLES: 3% I am of the opini
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OF VEGETABLES. Mr JAMES CHEAP of Ro
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 369 The name
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 371 King Jam
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. for his serv
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 375 definite
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OF FLOWERS: AND LEAVES. 381 the hei
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. Which James,
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 377 Sir NEIL
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 379 mily was
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. Charles'!, y
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. THOMAS i OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 3
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 389- Livings
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. BORTHWICK. o
Page 437 and 438:
OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 393 Bothwcll
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OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES. 305 Of which
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OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIES.
Page 443 and 444:
OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES 1N T ARMORIES
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
OF ARTIFICIAL FIGURES IN ARMORIi.-
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 417 temporal
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OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 419 BOURDON 0
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OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 421 of the Se
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or ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 4 . The surna
Page 469 and 470:
OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 425 above; an
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OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. The UNIVERSIT
Page 473 and 474:
OF ART! FICIAL THINGS. s, a St Kath
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OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. Having omitte
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OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 433 the churc
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OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 435 Their son
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OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 437 Sir Simeo
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OF ARTIFICIAL THINGS. 430 she shiel
Page 485 and 486:
AN ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE FIGURE
Page 487:
Ox Owls IXDEX OF TERMS OF BLAZON. i
Page 491 and 492:
THE INDEX OF SURNAMES, COUNTRIES, F
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$ruce of Garvet 143 Bruce of Balcas
Page 495 and 496:
St D.c, nl' 'V'Uilson Davidson of l
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Giffortl of Sheriff-hall Giffbrd in
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INDEX OF SURNAMES, XIII Page. Lande
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Page. Moncur of that Ilk 185 ric-lV
Page 503 and 504:
Ross Rose of Kilravock Ross Lord Ro
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Wallop Walterton Warcup in England
Page 508:
Gordon of ArdmeHie No. Plate. 21 Go
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nwnt . \ \UJ_LLLL' ~
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\\DonuIl of Gurthlanit DomlLBanm of
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- :;^?VVHE AIJDE fjyv^g /.*3$v ^& ,
Page 525:
AM HK-\i)v Aiillntthcr cith.it Ilk
Page 531:
* \~~ Jiatrltent GordonofEarl^fcnin
Page 535:
., ^^Sl^2^^ ~^VM^^^' ^" L harlej MA
Page 539:
m Hume of Kimnurahame Vuiuan at- Lu
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'SMacjtCfr&tHfrf i
Page 547:
lahnJtan. at \\7~ftrair nitcnei of-
Page 551:
Monnupennv offitmilhj rarteous or C
Page 559:
BINDING SECT. APR 8 t98C CR 21 N5 1
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A System of Heraldry - Clan Strachan Society

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