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Nature and Natural Resources and may be placed into Review of gall midge species including zoogeographithree categories indicating the degree of threat: extinct, cal diagnoses. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae. endangered Or vulnerable (Skuhrav_i 1994). Similarly, 18 58" 79-126. gall midge species considered threatened, were found in the swiss gall midge fauna (Skuhrav_i and Skuhravy Sklahrav_i,M. 1995. A zoogeographical analysis of the 1997). family Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) in the Czech Republic A and in Slovak Republic. Diptera Bohemoslovaca. 7: • An outbreak of two gall midges, Harrisomyia vitrina and 159-163. Drisina glutinosa, associated with Acer pseudoplatanus, was probably associated with environmental deteriora- Skuhrav_i, M.; Blasco-Zumeta, J.; Skuhravy, V. 1993. tion through pollution stress (Skuhrav_i and Skuhravy Gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) of Arag6n * .1986). The main reasons for population increases and (Spain): a review of species found in the period 1890outbreaks of Haplodiplosis marginata, larvae of which 1990 with new records for the Monegros region. cause saddle galls on the stems of cereals, include Zapateri Revista Arag6nensis de Entomologica. 3" 27concentration and specialization of plant production, 36. enlargement _f fields and repeated consecutive planting , 0fcei'eals Without crop rotation (Skuhravy et al. 1993). Skuhrav_i, M.; Franz, H. 1989. Familie Cecidomyiidae (Itonididae). In: Franz, H., ed. Die Nordost-Alpen im LITERATURE CITED Spiegel ihrer Landtierwelt. B.VI/1. Innsbruck: Universit_itsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck: 67-97. Noirfalise, A. 198"1.Map of the natural vegetation of the member countries of the European Community and the Skuhrav_i, M.; Skrzypczynska, M. 1983. A review of gall Council of Europe. Explanatory notes by A. Noirfalise. midges (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) of Poland. Acta Council of Europe, Strasbourg. Rolled map and Zoologica Cracov. 26(12)" 387-420. (In Polish, with explanatory text: 1-80. English summary.) Simova-Tosic, D.; Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1996. Gall Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1964. Verbreitung der midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Slovenije. Scopolia. GallmOcken in Jugoslawien (Diptera, Itonididae). 36: 1-23. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 11"449-458. Skuhrav/l, M. 1982. The use of faunal data in zoogeo- Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1967. Beitrag for graphic studies. Folia Facultatis Scienciarum Gallmiickenfauna von Oesterreich. Marcellia. 34(,3-4): Naturalium Universitatis Purkynianae Brunensis 23, 213-225. Bi01.74" 127-131. Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1986. Outbreak of two gall Skuhrav_i, M. 1986. Cecidomyiidae. In: So6s,/k.; Papp, midges, Harrisomyia n. gen. vitrina (Kieffer) and . L., etls. Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 4. Drisina glutinosa Giard (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) on Akadrmiai Kiad6, Budapest: 72-297. maple, Acer pseudoplatanus L. in Czechoslovakia, • with descriptions of the two genera and species. Skuhrav_i, M. 1987. Analysis of areas of distribution of Zeitschrift fOr Angewandte Entomologie. 101(3): 256- , some Palaearctic gall midge species (Cecidomyiidae, 274. Diptera). Cecidologia Intemationale. 8: 1-48. Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1988. Die Gallm(icken ! , Skuhrav_i; M: 1991. Gallmticken der Slowakei (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) des Harzes. Entomologische (Cecidon_yiidae , Diptera) VI. Die Zoogeographie der Nachrichten Berlin. 32: 29-33. - GallmOcken. Zbomik Slovenskeho N_irodniho Mfizea Prirodni Vedy. 37: 85-178. Skuhrav_, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1991-1992. Die GallmOcken (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) der Kalkalpen und des Skuhrav_i,M. i 994. The zoogeography of gall midges Waldviertels in Ost-Osterreich. Sitzungsberichten der (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of the Czech Republic I. ()sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, EvalUation of faunistic researches in the 1855-1990 Mathematische - Naturwissenschaften Klasse, period. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae. Abteilung I. 199: 27-57. 57(1993): 211-293. Skuhrav/L, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1992. Die Gallmiicken ' Skuhrav_i, M. 1994. The zoogeography of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) des Naturparkes . (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of the Czech Republic II. Fichtelgebirge. Entomologische Nachrichten Berlin. 36: 1-8. 16
Skuhrava, • M.; .. Skuhravy, V. 1992. Zwei an Ahom Skuhrav_, M.; Skuhravy, V.; Brewer, J.W. 1984. Biology lebende Gallmficken und weitere Gallmiicken (Diptera, of gall midges. In: Ananthakrishnan, T.N., ed. Biology Cecidomyiidae) im Naturpark Bayerischer Wald. of gall insects. New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta: Oxford Entomologische Nachrichten Berlin. 36:97-101. and IBH Publishing Co." 169-222. Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1993. Gall midges Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V.; Doncev, K.D.; Dimitrova, • (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) of the southern part of B.D. 1991. Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) of Central Siberia. Diptera Bohemoslovaca. 5" 93-100. Bulgaria I. Faunistic researches in the 1978-1987 period. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 42: 3-26. - Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1993. The distribution areas t of several Euro-Siberian gall midge species Skuhrav_., M.; Skuhravy, V.; Doncev, K.D.; Dimitrova, (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). Diptera Bohemoslovaca. 5: B.D. 1992. Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) of 101-108. Bulgaria II. Host plant relations and economic impor- • tance. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 43: 23-42. Skuhrawi, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1993. Die GallmOcken (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) des Fiirstentums Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V.; Neacsu, P. 1972. , _, Liechtenstein. Praha,, Vaduz: 1-16. Verbreitung der Gallmticken in Rum_inien (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitung Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1994. Gall midges (Diptera: N.F. 19: 375-392. Cecidomyiidae) of Italy. Entomologica, Bari. 28: 45- 76. Skuhrav_i, M.; Skuhravy, V.; Skrzypczynska, M. 1977. Gall midges causing damage of cultivated plants and Skuhravfi, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1995. Die Gallm0cken orchard trees in Poland. Rocznika Nauk Rolniczuch, (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) von Osterreich II. Ser. A. 7(1): 11-31. (In Polish, with English summary.) Sitzungsber. 0sterr. Sitzungsberichten der •Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Skuhravy, V. 1991. The needle-shortening gall midge Mathematische - Naturwissenschaften Klasse, Thecodiplosis brachyntera on the genus Pinus. Abteilung I. 201" 3-34. Rozpravy CSAV Nr. 10, Praha, Academia: 1-104. o Skuhravfi, M.; Skuhravy, V. 1997. Gall midges (Diptera: Skuhravy, V.; Skuhrav_i, M.; Brewer, J.W. 1993. The Cecidomyiidae) of Switzerland. Mitt. Schweizes saddle gall midge Haplodiplosis marginata (Diptera: Entomologisches Geselschaft. 70: 133-176. Cecidomyiidae) in Czech and Slovak Republi_ from 1971-1989). Acta Societatis Zoolicae Bohemicae. 57" Skuhravfi, M.; Skuhravy, V.; Blasco-Zumeta, J.; Pujade, 117-137. J. 1996. Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of the Iberian Peninsula. Boletin del Asociacion Espafiola Entomologica. 20(1-2): 41-61. • . J 17
Page 1 and 2: LJSDA United States i Department Ag
Page 3 and 4: • , THE BIOLOGY OF GALL-INDUCING
Page 5 and 6: . TABLE OF CONTENTS - BIOGEOGRAPHY
Page 7 and 8: Genetic and environmental contribut
Page 9 and 10: .. GALL INDUCING AND OTHER GALL MID
Page 11 and 12: Table l. -,Gall midge species assoc
Page 13 and 14: C e. f. . Figure i'.--Galls of gall
Page 15 and 16: species and several inquilines may
Page 17 and 18: XYLOPHILOUS GALL MIDGE SPECIES from
Page 19 and 20: Rtibsaamen, E.H. 1899. Ueber die Le
Page 21 and 22: Table ° 1.--A summary of studies o
Page 23: • 3 ]5
Page 27 and 28: midge sPecies, several hosts yieldi
Page 29 and 30: Fedotoval Z,A. 1991. Gall midges (D
Page 31 and 32: known, nol_having been noted except
Page 33 and 34: Actilasioptera tumidifoHum GAGNE, N
Page 35 and 36: ° _._. _. ..._..... _._:..--._...,
Page 37 and 38: Figures 13-16, Postabdomens ofActil
Page 39 and 40: -7"-% 25 i'.., 27 26 28 30 31 32 I
Page 41 and 42: Thorax. Wing length, 2.1-2.3 mm (n
Page 43 and 44: I' . McAlpine, J.F. 1981.2. Morphol
Page 45 and 46: Table 1.---Comparison between Tephr
Page 47 and 48: Table 3.raThe Afrotropical Myopitin
Page 49 and 50: ........ _"i!_; _ 2,:_::;_ :L I,_ ,
Page 51 and 52: anthracina (Doane) (Diptera: Tephri
Page 53 and 54: o Host Plants Gall-forming insects
Page 55 and 56: , ENCLOSED 63% Figure 3.--A pie cha
Page 57 and 58: 80% 70% 60% ° 50% - 40% 30% ' 20%
Page 59 and 60: Table 3. Major galling plant famili
Page 61 and 62: Appendix 1. Data Sheet for Galls Co
Page 63 and 64: j " GALLS Ephedra nebrodensis Jt ?W
Page 65 and 66: IS THERE A COOL-WET TO HOT-DRY GRAD
Page 67 and 68: 10 - These findings suggest that ho
Page 69 and 70: ROLE OF PERICLISTUS (HYMENOPTERA: C
Page 71 and 72: ° tl A o "!. . I ' Ir Figure l.---
Page 73 and 74: f . It Figure 2.--Schematic represe
Page 75 and 76:
, ° , ° 3 . _ _ "' . . " Figures
Page 77 and 78:
Table 2._Number of Periclistus larv
Page 79 and 80:
. ° . 12 13 B Figures 12.---Schema
Page 81 and 82:
emain as does the circumscribing la
Page 83 and 84:
. Table 3.--Incidence of inhabitant
Page 85 and 86:
the previous two galls, Aprostocetu
Page 87 and 88:
Periclistus apparently have many of
Page 89 and 90:
O'Brien, T.E; McCully, M.E. 1981. T
Page 91 and 92:
indicator trait for male fitness, a
Page 93 and 94:
Table 1.---Initial analyses to esta
Page 95 and 96:
., these cells, suggesting that fem
Page 97 and 98:
o 8- 6- Krmnm 4- J _1) IP 2- '0- T
Page 99 and 100:
Table 1. Mortality ofT. taxi expres
Page 101 and 102:
kf) =_ i---. J i _ • i J _-" i i
Page 103 and 104:
Table 2.---_-Correlationsfor number
Page 105 and 106:
t Table 3. Mean values for total mo
Page 107 and 108:
. 100 - ' / .r-! 0 i J0 - ,/O_OI 0
Page 109 and 110:
(Figdre 5 continued) -. Tree 63 eve
Page 111 and 112:
" Table 6.---Correlations (r) betwe
Page 113 and 114:
Cameron,.R.A.D.; Redfem, M. 1978. P
Page 115 and 116:
FurIhermore, Osten Sacken (1861 c)
Page 117 and 118:
this letter, which was read at the
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9 WOLBA CHIA-INDUCED THELYTOKY IN C
Page 121 and 122:
Lancieux Ile Besnard • Erquy / Sa
Page 123 and 124:
I Table 3.-mFrequencies offemales h
Page 125 and 126:
Table 7.---z-Frequency offemales in
Page 127 and 128:
. DISCUSSION considered as independ
Page 129 and 130:
Fulton, B.B. 1933. Notes on Habrocy
Page 131 and 132:
• . (26,galls), Nassau (30.27S, 1
Page 133 and 134:
with competition (Stewart 1996) and
Page 135 and 136:
" GALL-FORMING APHIDS ON PISTA CIA:
Page 137 and 138:
Although Geoica belongs in the Baiz
Page 139 and 140:
THE LIFE-CYCLE OF THE BLACKCURRANT
Page 141 and 142:
known" (1) Common form (E), which i
Page 143 and 144:
Table 3._Average number of buds per
Page 145 and 146:
Our prediction of a low cost of res
Page 147 and 148:
- ? J Table 1.--Mean dry stem weigh
Page 149 and 150:
stands; does the variation in resis
Page 151 and 152:
Strong, D.R.; Larsson, S.; Gullberg
Page 153 and 154:
The HR exhibited by the B. brevipes
Page 155 and 156:
HR.is an important mechanism whereb
Page 157 and 158:
q, J 10o • • O _80 • '= • O
Page 159 and 160:
percent (n= 24) of the plants that
Page 161 and 162:
REPROGRAMMING PLANT DEVELOPMENT: TW
Page 163 and 164:
harvested and snap frozen. Protein
Page 165 and 166:
Table 3.---Expected and observed fr
Page 167 and 168:
whi.le it is not possible to discar
Page 169 and 170:
. PLANT HORMONES AND GALL FORMATION
Page 171 and 172:
As a follow up to Beck's (1947) fin
Page 173 and 174:
Table 2.-_--Levels of extractable c
Page 175 and 176:
.. J 0 0.16 m 0.14 - . 0.12 - 0.10
Page 177 and 178:
probably occurs in the intact gall,
Page 179 and 180:
Biddington, N.L.; Thomas, T.H. 1973
Page 181 and 182:
.THE EFFECTS OF GALL FORMATION BY L
Page 183 and 184:
three.larval instars (Mook 1967, Ru
Page 185 and 186:
, + . 12 I I i i 4 .o • 1 10-- "
Page 187 and 188:
, o Figure 5-1 to 5-6.----detailed
Page 189 and 190:
Table 3.1Nutritional composition of
Page 191 and 192:
gro.wing point, it is the latter th
Page 193 and 194:
Byers, J.A+; Brewer, J.W.; Denna, D
Page 195 and 196:
Skuhravy, V_1978. Invertebrates: de
Page 197 and 198:
de.rivative spectra of pigment-prot
Page 199 and 200:
Thylakoid Morphology CONCLUSION Ult
Page 201 and 202:
.I THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OVAL-SHAPE
Page 203 and 204:
. LITERATURE CITED Rohfritsch, O. 1
Page 205 and 206:
.PATTERNS IN GALL-INDUCING INSECTS
Page 207 and 208:
fact, large Shrubs supported the hi
Page 209 and 210:
We may conclude that the reduced ap
Page 211 and 212:
Price, EW: 1997. Insect ecology. 3d
Page 213 and 214:
of egg insertion. The galls of Euur
Page 215 and 216:
species within each group. Close sp
Page 217 and 218:
, According tO our present knowledg
Page 219 and 220:
saying, that, according to A.K. Skv
Page 221 and 222:
Benson, R.B. 1960a. Studies in Pont
Page 223 and 224:
J Table 1. The Ranges of host plant
Page 225 and 226:
(table 2 continued ) Host plant gen
Page 227 and 228:
(table 4 continued) .. Host plant g
Page 229 and 230:
Table 6.--List of host plants for P
Page 231 and 232:
Table 9.--List of host plants for P
Page 233 and 234:
(table o 9 continued) Host plant ge
Page 235 and 236:
J America north of Mexico and addit
Page 237 and 238:
Table 1.-,Host species and habitat
Page 239 and 240:
this sampling and rearing of insect
Page 241 and 242:
. Eastern USA Host Oaks White 0.8 g
Page 243 and 244:
composed of Q. bicolor and Q. macro
Page 245 and 246:
Q..rubraand Q. coccinea. Furthermor
Page 247 and 248:
Fritz, R.S.; Nichols-Orians, C.M.;
Page 249 and 250:
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF NORTH AMERIC
Page 251 and 252:
. RESULTS The heuristic search usin
Page 253 and 254:
a few genera to consider evidence o
Page 255 and 256:
. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE GENUS
Page 257 and 258:
. Table 1._Author names of the taxa
Page 259 and 260:
28 26 24 22 A 20 18 0 q_ 1.4 O. 0 !
Page 261 and 262:
•" _ _ _ o ,. _ _ -.--_.,. _ Ii .
Page 263 and 264:
Among species groups, the topology
Page 265 and 266:
. D. ignota D. nebulosa _!I D. fusi
Page 267 and 268:
. LITERATURE CITED Dalla Torre, K.W
Page 269 and 270:
PATTERNS IN THE EVOLUTION OF GALL S
Page 271 and 272:
Figure 1. Gallstructures induced by
Page 273 and 274:
the s.ection Quercus, and the 'blac
Page 275 and 276:
t SG AG Species Clade " _ _ Name 9a
Page 277 and 278:
non-Andricus cynipine species (fig.
Page 279 and 280:
SG AG Species Clade _ t Name 100 94
Page 281 and 282:
.an asexual-only ancestor. The sexu
Page 283 and 284:
.. "j V 6 '_ _!i..-".'='-,.. " •
Page 285 and 286:
Abe, Y. 1997. Well-developed gall t
Page 287 and 288:
Stone, G.N.; Schrnrogge, K.; Crawle
Page 289 and 290:
Quercus cerris, while a parthenogen
Page 291 and 292:
Table t.----Summary statistics for
Page 293 and 294:
Distance from root . 0.00 0.04 0.08
Page 295 and 296:
Table 3.--Summary statistics for ge
Page 297 and 298:
° . A. 40- -, 30- _ w _ A. kollari
Page 299 and 300:
the alleles they possess at specifi
Page 301 and 302:
e!atively narrow water barrier to l
Page 303 and 304:
. TESTS OF HYPOTHESES REGARDING HYB
Page 305 and 306:
classifieati0nerrors for various ba
Page 307 and 308:
Tabl.e 2. Canonical discriminantfun
Page 309 and 310:
encourage hybrid zone workers to ab
Page 311 and 312:
Strauss, S,Y. 1994. Level of herbiv
Page 313 and 314:
sense heritability of resistance to
Page 315 and 316:
0.25 - Adelges abietis • 0.20 q)
Page 317 and 318:
0 a 1 . W ! 309 A
Page 319 and 320:
" I I_)! o Io Io Io I__1o I I I I_)
Page 321 and 322:
classes for A. abietis suggests tha
Page 323 and 324:
0 POSTER ABSTRACTS . W ! O ,l 315
Page 325 and 326:
A . REFERENCES .. Huntley, B.H.; Bi
Page 327 and 328:
CECIDOMYIID-INDUCED GALLS OF MA CHI
Page 329 and 330:
. GALL MIDGE FAUNAS (DIPTERA: CECID
Page 331 and 332:
GALL-INDUCER AND GALL-INQUILINE CYN
Page 333 and 334:
" INDUCED RESISTANCE IN WILLOW AGAI
Page 335 and 336:
.BROAD OVERVIEW OF A GALL-SYSTEM: F
Page 337 and 338:
TWOSPECIES OF EURYTOMID GALL FORMER
Page 339 and 340:
Csdka, Gyuri; Mattson, William J.;
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