Susanne Schulz-Falster Catalogue Eighteen - International League ...

le Commerce & la Navigation de la Ville Libre & Impériale
de Hambourg. Regulation concerning the Hambro Trade and
Navigation, during the War. Published by Order of the Honourable
Senate of the free Imperial City of Hamburgh the 18th September
1778. Hamburg, J.C. Piscator, 1778. £420
4to, pp. 18, [2] blank; uncut folded sheet; fine and wide-margined.
First tri-lingual (German, French, and English), edition of the rules &
regulations securing the freedom of neutral navigation for the free city of
Hamburg and the right to transport all kinds of goods, war contraband
excepted, at the time of the American War of Independence. This regulation
proclaimed freedom of navigation and the right to trade based on the
principle ‘free ships, free goods’.
This was an outcome of the Franco-American treaty of friendship and
trade signed on 2 February 1778. ‘It provided for a total freedom of
navigation between all places, whoever their sovereign. Yet, most important,
the treaty widened the rights of neutrals to a level unknown hitherto in
French legislation: ‘It is hereby stipulated that free Ships shall also give
a freedom to goods, and that everything shall be deemed to be free and
exempt, which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the subjects
of either of the Confederates, although the whole lading or any part thereof
should appertain to the Enemies of either, contreband goods being always
excepted’. (Schnakenburg, p. 106).
Conditions and procedure for neutral shipping in time of war are given
in three parts, covering first owners and masters of ships, then owners
and shippers and finally ship’s brokers. This includes details of necessary
shipping documents, bill of loading and muster rolls, as well as restrictions
as regards contreband.
OCLC lists just the Berlin copy; for further information see E. Schnakenbourg,
From ‘hostile infection’ to ‘free ship, free goods’: Changes in French neutral trade
legislation, (1689–1778), 2011.
Art Education – The Expression of Emotions
68. LE BRUN, Charles & Bernard PICARD. Conferenza del
signor Le Brun sopra l’espressione generale e particolare delle
passioni = Conférence de monsieur Le Brun ... sur l’expression
générale et particulière des passions. Verona, Agostin Carattoni,
1751. £1,500
8vo, etched title, pp. xxiii, [1] blank, 111, [1] blank, with 52 ll. of
plates; occasionally a little dust-soiled in margins; contemporary calfbacked
buff boards, spine with paper covering, and paper label lettered
in manuscript; extremities a little rubbed.
French-Italian parallel edition of Le Brun’s theory of the expression of
emotions, based on Descartes and illustrated on fifty-two plates. Le Brun’s
work is of great interest in art education and art history.
susanne schulz-falster rare books catalogue eighteen
Le Brun (1619–1690), founder and president of the Académie Royale de
Peinture et de Sculpture – the powerful Parisian institution which, under the
aegis of Colbert, controlled the world of art – set out to explain for the artist
how the ‘passions’ of the soul manifested themselves in the face. Whereas
Descartes described the internal movements of each passion or emotion,
Le Brun showed how they appeared on the face, and in particular how they
were indicated by the eyebrows and adequate facial expressions. His lecture
was first published after his death in 1698.
See Line Cottegnies, ‘Codifying the Passions in the Classical Age: a few reflections
on Charles Le Brun’s scheme and its influence in France and in England’, Etudes
Epistémè, n° 1 (2002).
69. LE CLERC, Sebastien. Practical Geometry: Or, A new
and easy method of treating that art. Whereby the practice of it
is rendered plain and familiar, and the student is directed in the
most easy manner through the several parts and progressions of
it. Translated from the French of Monsieur S. Le Clerc. The fifth
edition. Illustrated with eighty copper-plates. Wherein, besides
the several geometrical figures, are contained many examples of
landscapes, pieces of architecture, perspective, draughts of figures,
ruins, &c. London, John & Carington Bowles, 1768. £750