Proceedings World Bioenergy 2010

amperage of the pellet press. Experiments (see figure 7)
using 1% FlourBond in comparison with pellets made
without additive, 1% corn starch or FlourBond-IP (a new
product), were performed by Holzforschung Wien at
controlled conditions and show the positive effects of
FlourBond on pellet processing and quality.
The effect of FlourBond on the ash Tmelt of
consumer softwood based pellets and mixed waste wood
pellets is shown in figure 8. The Ca/K ratio was taken
because the Si level was constant for the pellets because
the two type of woods used originated from the same
resources and were processed during one production run.
The amount of FlourBond was between 0-5% and 0-3%,
respectively for the soft wood and mixed waste wood
pellets. FlourBond has a high level of calcium compared
to other pressing aids. It is shown that by adding
FlourBond the Tmelt is clearly increased.
Figure 8: Influence addition FlourBond on ash melting
temperature.
4 CONCLUSIONS
The Ca/(Si+K) ratio can be used to give a good
prediction of the ash melting temperatures of all kind of
bio-energy products such as wood pellets. Using PCA
and linear regression analyses led to an even better
prediction of the Tmelt by using an easy to use formula:
Ln [Tmelt] = 7,24 -0,33*Si-0,70*K+1,28*K*Ca
(variance accounted for is 72%). By using FlourBond as
the pressing aid, the ash melting temperature can be
increased due to an increase of the Ca/(Si+K) ratio. It is
envisaged that as a result the change or risk of slagging
can be diminished for pellets made with more difficult
woods or other biomass resources.
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