Proceedings World Bioenergy 2010

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The State of São Paulo began to have concerns about climate change in 1995, when the PROCLIMA program (Climate Change Prevention Program) was created and the main contribution of this effort was the collaboration with the federal government in the preparation of the National Emissions Inventory (SMA, 2005) [5]; in 2002, was published the AGENDA 21, in which climate change figures as a great concern; in the same year the State government with other regional authorities started the Network of Regional Governments for Sustainable Development (NRG4SD), aiming to become a channel to share climate mitigation and other sustainable development experiences, and being the main representative in international negotiations; in 2002 also, was established a 5-year renewable licensing process for stationary sources of air pollutants, correcting the previous “right to pollute” situation of previous enterprises, demanding a gradual reduction of emissions in industries, either by technology update or shutting down facilities, effort expanded in 2004 with the approval of the Decree 48.523, that regulates the emissions of NO x, SO 2, PM 10, CO and nonmethane volatile organic compounds; just before the last COP, in 2009, the government proposed also a 20% reduction on the greenhouse effect emissions until 2020 (base 2005), through the magnification of actions to the deforestation control, creation of an adaptation fund, establishment of a sustainable transportation system, mapping the vulnerabilities of the territory and financial mechanisms to the development of a low carbon economy. REI and CUNHA (2008: 7) [6] highlights that even though nation-states may remain reluctant to assume early climate change mitigation measures, thus making the international arena a complex and difficult path for the convergence of climate-friendly initiatives, there is enough space for alternative structures and approaches in both developing and developed countries. Due to its economic profile (32% of the national economic productivity), the energy consumption of São Paulo State is about 27% of the national mix (SMA, 2002 [7]), been the industrial (39%) and transportation (26%) sectors the main consumers of energy. Although a great part of energy consumed by the industrial sector are produced from biomass (44% - been 36% from sugarcane bagasse), the major part of energy that moves de transportation sector comes from fossil fuels, mainly diesel (44%) (BEESP, 2005 [8]). The State participates with about 25% of Brazil’s total emissions. The projected Brazilian growth rate for the next years suggests a high increase on energy demand, thus, the need to reconsider the expansion model for the energetic matrix, a key issue regarding actions against climate change. 5 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS Managing environmental issues in Brazil should be considered in national, regional and local scales. In the context of Brazilian territory, should be respected the geodynamics of landscapes and ecosystems in the proposal of candidates for Republic Presidency in 2010, considering the destructive impact of capitalist economic production that has occurred throughout the country. The socio-environmental management should be the 54 world bioenergy 2010 contribution of candidates aiming to propose realistic alternatives for sustainability. At regional level, there is need to include in governance a system for accident prevention and effective monitoring of environmental conditions in selected areas. Locally, within the municipality, it is necessary an effective participation of the community and the local authorities in dealing with socio-environmental issues. A key challenge for proper governance of the environment to be implemented by the State of São Paulo is the need to consider global and local environmental aspects of ethanol production and use as an alternative to fossil fuels. To ensure the benefits of both global mitigation and local environmental quality, it is essential that government incentives a broader discussion and participation among all sectors and stakeholders, including the community enrollment. We can say that, nowadays, the environmental issue is at the center of global and national policy and thus, it is becoming a recurrent theme on the media agenda, and so, on the presidency candidates as well and overlaps others as it puts into discussion the model of civilization predatory consumerism grounded by the reproduction of capital. This discussion should promote extensive debates throughout the country that may lead to global climate change effective combat and managing social and environmental risks in the Brazilian territory. The use of the mass media as tool to drive the change in the patterns of social consumption and relationship with the environment is an expedient yet completely underused by governments around the globe. As conclusion of this paper, we highlight the lack of synchronism between the emergency in political speeches and the chronogram for public policies enforcement under national, state and municipal levels. It is necessary the creation of a social consciousness that emphasizes the need of personal engagement in combat of environmental degradation inside the communities, through the development of action projects as: solid residues recycling, environmental education, communal garden development, reforestation, riparian vegetation, among others. There cannot be any change in the society without the mobilization of the society itself. 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] BOYKOFF, M. T. From Convergence to Contention: United States Mass Media Representations of Anthropogenic Climate Change Science. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. Vol. 32, pp. 477-489, 2007. [2] MCBEAN, G. A.; HENGEVELD, H. G. Communicating the Science of Climate Change: A Mutual Challenge for Scientists and Educators. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education. Vol. 5, pp. 9-23, 2000. [3] ANDI - Agência de Notícias dos Direitos da Infância. Mudanças Climáticas na Mídia Brazileira. ANDI, 2009. [4] EGLER, Cláudio Antônio G. Risco ambiental como critério de gestão do território: uma aplicação à zona costeira brasileira. Território. LAGET, UFRJ - Vol.
1, nº 1(Jul/Dez.1996)-Rio de janeiro: Relume- Dumará, 1996. [5] SMA – Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente do Governo do Estado de São Paulo. No reason to wait: the benefits of greenhouse gas reduction in São Paulo and California. Hewlett Foundation, 2005. [6] REI, Fernando; CUNHA, Kamyla. Regional Actions and Sustainable Development Strategies Against Climate Change: São Paulo State, Brazil. INTERFACEHS - A Journal on Integrated Management of Occupational Health and the Environment, v.2, n.5, Art 3, december 2007. [7] SMA – Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente do Governo do Estado de São Paulo. Agenda 21 in São Paulo 1992-2002. São Paulo, 2002. [8] BEESP - Balanço Energético do Estado de São Paulo, 2005 – ano base 2004. São Paulo: Secretaria de Energia, 2005. world bioenergy 2010 55
Page 1 and 2:
MaIN spONsOR: WORLD BIOENERGY 2010
Page 3 and 4: ORGaNIsED BY: The swedish Bioenergy
Page 5 and 6: a B C CONTENTs OpENING sEssION 7 Bi
Page 7 and 8: OpENING sEssION world bioenergy 201
Page 9 and 10: The black curve is what actually ha
Page 11 and 12: a COMBINED hEaT aND pOWER (Chp), CO
Page 13 and 14: Chlorine Index: Cl content (%) of t
Page 15 and 16: The DOMOHEAT European project is fo
Page 17 and 18: IMPROVED FLEXIBILITY AND ECONOMY BY
Page 19 and 20: plant, is permanently manned. Rajam
Page 21 and 22: PROCUREMENT COSTS OF SLASH AND STUM
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2: Marginal cost curves for
Page 25 and 26: HARVESTING FOR ENERGY OR PULPWOOD I
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1: The net income as functio
Page 29 and 30: CO 2-EQ EMISSIONS OF FOREST CHIP PR
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4: CO 2-eq emissions (kg/m 3
Page 33 and 34: [27] Wihersaari, M. 2005. Greenhous
Page 35 and 36: modes suitable for longer distances
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4: End users’ market share
Page 39 and 40: Table I: Annual capacity of vehicle
Page 41 and 42: comminuted biomass, as is stable gr
Page 43 and 44: BIOMASS FUNCTIONS FOR YOUNG SCOTS P
Page 45 and 46: 2). In the data for branches and fo
Page 47 and 48: ESTIMATING POTENTIALS OF SOLID WOOD
Page 49 and 50: 3.2 Techno-economical potential Whe
Page 51 and 52: C pOLICY - hOW TO MaKE IT aLL happE
Page 53: of the best (if not the best) way t
Page 57 and 58: consortiums of people) do not have
Page 59 and 60: BIOENERGY IN UKRAINE: STATE OF THE
Page 61 and 62: Ukraine till 2015 can be suggested
Page 63 and 64: ioenergy industry. The Climate Cons
Page 65 and 66: SUPPLY CHAINS OF FOREST CHIP PRODUC
Page 67 and 68: stump wood batches were also commin
Page 69 and 70: INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARATION OF PAP
Page 71 and 72: Pakistan’s reserves. Pakistani bu
Page 73 and 74: distributors in Pakistan, and the r
Page 75 and 76: other sources of energy, it is impe
Page 77 and 78: http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-n
Page 79 and 80: BIOGAS UPGRADING BY TEMPERATURE SWI
Page 81 and 82: into the adsorber (more information
Page 83 and 84: Once again, the binary gas mixture
Page 85 and 86: EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESI
Page 87 and 88: Figure 3: Accumulated emissions fro
Page 89 and 90: NEW INSIGHTS IN THE ASH MELTING BEH
Page 91 and 92: Figure 4: Statistical analyses (lin
Page 93 and 94: f ENERGY CROps, aGRICuLTuRaL REsIDu
Page 95 and 96: INTERCROPPING OF REED CANARY GRASS,
Page 97 and 98: 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project wa
Page 99 and 100: form of heat and constitutes 0.65%
Page 101 and 102: II BOILER CHARACTERISTICS Capacity,
Page 103 and 104: some optimisation in local employme
Page 105 and 106:
local straw production for fuel sal
Page 107 and 108:
Secondary School]. (2009). 58. Bela
Page 109 and 110:
CONfERENCE TuEsDaY 25 MaY 09.00 OpE
Page 111 and 112:
CONfERENCE ThuRsDaY 27 MaY 09.00 pa
Page 113:
TaKING YOu fROM KNOW-hOW TO shOW-hO
show all

Proceedings World Bioenergy 2010

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?