Proceedings World Bioenergy 2010

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Ilvesniemi (eds). Energiapuun korjun ympäristövaikutukset, tutkimusraportti. Tapion ja Metlan julkaisuja. [11] P. Anttila, K.T. Korhonen & A. Asikainen (2009). Forest energy potential of small trees from young stands in Finland. In: Mia Savolainen (ed.). Bioenergy 2009. Sustainable Bioenergy Business. 4th International Bioenergy Conference from 31st of August to 4th of September 2009. Book of Proceedings Part I. FINBIOn julkaisusarja - FINBIO Publications 1(44), pp. 221–226. [12] T. Ranta (2005). Logging residues from regeneration fellings for biofuel production – a GIS-based availability analysis in Finland. Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 28, pp. 171–182. [13] T. Ranta & S. Rinne (2006). The profitability of transporting uncomminuted raw materials in Finland. Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 231–237. [14] R. Ryymin, P. Pohto, J. Laitila, I. Humala, M. Rajahonka, J. Kallio, J. Selosmaa, P. Anttila & T. Lehtoranta (2008). Metsäenergian hankinnan uudistaminen. Loppuraportti 12/2008. 42 world bioenergy 2010
BIOMASS FUNCTIONS FOR YOUNG SCOTS PINE-DOMINATED FOREST K. Ahnlund Ulvcrona 1 , U. Nilsson 2 , T. Lundmark 3 1 Vindeln Experimental Forests, Svartberget Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, SE-922 91 Vindeln, Sweden 2 Southern Swedish Forest Research centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden 3 Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden Kristina.ulvcrona@esf.slu.se ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to develop predictive biomass functions for young stands of Scots pine-dominated forests in northern Sweden. Above ground biomass was destructively sampled, and biomass functions for all tree fractions (e.g. stem including bark, branch and foliage) were developed, based on independent variables. Functions to estimate dry weight of the whole tree were also developed. No significant regressions could be found for the dead branch fraction. DBH for sampled trees in this study was in the range of 11 - 136 mm (Pinus sylvestris), 10 - 121 mm (Picea abies L. Karst) and 9 – 113 mm (Betula spp.). Keywords: bioenergy strategy, biomass characteristics, forestry residues 1 INTRODUCTION Global emissions of greenhouse gases from the use of coal and oil need to be reduced. Consequently, there is a need for further development of more environmentally friendly energy sources [1]. In the future, it may be possible to use biofuel to satisfy some of the global energy demand, and therefore knowledge that supports the development of new silvicultural regimes is also required. Studies have shown that wood quality and branch characteristics tend to improve when Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is thinned at a greater stand height [2]. To meet the increasing demand for raw material from the forest, biomass growth has to increase. A high stem density results in high biomass production [3]. Dense, young forest can thus contribute to this increasing demand for raw material. Terrestrial vegetation can also be a CO 2 sink that may mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. An increased interest in small stems as well as branches for biomass harvest has led to the need for biomass functions suitable for these stands. The aim of this study was to find biomass functions based on easily measured variables (DBH and height) for the estimation of DW (dry weight) biomass. 2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 2.1 The sites Biomass was sampled at six different sites (Renfors, Degerön, Kulbäcksliden, Gagnet, Lillarmsjö and Unbyn; table 1). The sites are all young self-regenerated pinedominated mixed forest. Four of the sites (Renfors, Degerön, Kulbäcksliden and Gagnet) used for biomass sampling are part of a factorial experiment comparing thinning/no thinning combined with three different levels of fertilization. The field experiment was established in 1997 and 1998 (Gagnet) after the first biomass sampling. The sizes of the experimental plots are 30 x 30 m or 45 x 20 m, and each plot is surrounded by a 5 m buffer zone. Table 1. The sites for biomass sampling Site Latitude Altitude H100 (m) Renfors 64.22 190 18 Degerön 64.15 175 20 Kulbäcksliden 64.17 170 20 Gagnet 63.25 125 24 Lillarmsjö 63.97 220 21 Unbyn 65.70 20 19 2.2 Sample trees The trees for biomass sampling were randomly sampled from each DBH-class in the stand, but damaged trees were not chosen. In total, 387 trees were included in this destructive above-ground biomass study, of which 54 were from the pre commercial thinning (PCT)-treatment. The first samples were taken in June 1997 (Renfors, Degerön, Kulbäcksliden), June 1998 (Lillarmsjö) and August 1998 world bioenergy 2010 43
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