Proceedings World Bioenergy 2010

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pp. ISBN 91-576-5055-1. [12] Kärhä K., Rönkkö E. & Gumse S.-I. 2004. Productivity and Cutting Costs of Thinning Harvesters. International Journal of Forest Engineering 15(2): 43–56. [13] Kärhä K., Keskinen S., Liikkanen R. & Lindroos J. 2006. Kokopuun korjuu nuorista metsistä (Harvesting small-sized whole trees from young stands). Metsätehon raportti 193 79 p. (In Finnish). [14] Nurminen T., Korpunen H. & Uusitalo J. 2006. Time consumption analysis of cut-to-lenght harvesting system. Silva Fennica 40 (2): 335-363. [15] Heikkilä J., Laitila J., Tanttu V., Lindblad J., Sirén M. & Asikainen A. 2006. Harvesting alternatives and cost factors of delimbed energy wood. Forestry Studies 45: 49-56 28 world bioenergy <strong>2010</strong>
CO 2-EQ EMISSIONS OF FOREST CHIP PRODUCTION IN FINLAND IN 2020 Arto Kariniemi & Kalle Kärhä Metsäteho Oy P.O. Box 101, FI-00171 Helsinki, Finland arto.kariniemi@metsateho.fi, kalle.karha@metsateho.fi ABSTRACT: The research carried out by Metsäteho Oy calculated what would be the total fuel consumption and CO 2-eq emissions of forest chip production if the use of forest chips is 24 TWh in 2020 in Finland in accordance with the target set of Long-term Climate and Energy Strategy. CO 2-eq emissions were determined with Metsäteho Oy’s updated Emissions Calculation Model. If the production and consumption of forest chips in Finland are 24 TWh in 2020, then the total CO 2-eq emissions would be around 230 000 tonnes. The volume of diesel consumption was 73 million litres and petrol 1.7 million litres. Electric rail transportation and chipping at the mill site consumed 17 GWh of electricity. The supply chain with the lowest CO 2-eq emissions was logging residues comminuted at plant. Conversely, the highest CO 2eq emissions came from stump wood when operating with terminal comminuting. Less than 3% of the energy content was consumed during the forest chip production. Energy input/output ratio in the total volume was 0.026 MWh/MWh which varied from 0.019 to 0.038 between the supply systems researched. Hence, forest chip production gave a net of some 97% of the energy content delivered at the plant. Keywords: CO 2-eq emissions, Forest biomass, Finland. 1 INTRODUCTION The use of forest chips in Finland has increased rapidly in the 21 st century: In the year 2000, the total use of forest chips for energy generation was 1.8 TWh (0.9 mill. m 3 ), while in 2009 it was 12.2 TWh (6.1 mill. m 3 ) [1]. Of this amount, 10.8 TWh was used in heating and power plants, and 1.4 TWh in small-sized dwellings, i.e. private houses, farms, and recreational dwellings, in 2009 [1]. Of the forest chips used in heating and power plants (10.8 TWh), the majority (36%) was produced from logging residues in final cuttings in 2009 [1]. Forest chips derived from stump and root wood totalled 15% and 20% came from large-sized (rotten) roundwood. 29% of the total amount of commercial forest chips used for energy generation came from small-diameter (d 1.3
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