B 20 world bioenergy <strong>2010</strong> fOREsT REsIDuEs – sLash, sTuMps, sMaLL TREE haRVEsT
PROCUREMENT COSTS OF SLASH AND STUMPS IN SWEDEN – A COMPARISON BETWEEN SOUTH AND NORTH SWEDEN. Athanassiadis, Dimitris., Lundström, Anders & Nordfjell Tomas Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences S-90183 Umeå, Sweden Dimitris.Athanassiadis@srh.slu.se, Tomas.Nordfjell@srh.slu.se, Anders.Lundstrom@srh.slu.se ABSTRACT: Marginal cost curves were used to appreciate the amount of slash and stumps that could be harvested at certain costs in Sweden as a whole as well as in two regions (Upper Norrland and South Sweden). The expected region specific variations were quantified and region specific estimates on harvestable potentials of stumps and slash were made. The results in this work were based on data collected in the Swedish Forest Inventory (SFI) from 2002 to 2006 Keywords: forestry residues, harvesting, resource potential 1 INTRODUCTION The demand for use of wood as raw material for heat and power generation has increased considerably at a global level. Sweden is a leading country in the use of bioenergy. According to the Swedish Energy Authority, 20% of the total energy use, comes from biofuels (incl. peat) [1]. By-products from sawmills and the pulp and paper industry account for the greatest part and are used for the production of heat and power for the companies’ own needs or for the provision to consumers. The introduction in 2003 of a green electricity certificate system aimed in supporting electricity production using renewable energy sources (solar energy, wind power, hydropower and bioenergy) and peat. The main objective was to increase the amount of electricity coming from renewable resources by 17 TWh by year 2016 (base level is year 2002 when 6.5 TWh of electricity from renewable resources were produced). The Swedish national forest inventory (NFI) indicates a productive economic forest cover (designated for the production of timber and non-timber forest products) of 23 million ha, 56% percent of the total land area of Sweden. The total growing stock is about 3.2 billions of forest m 3 [2]. Within the near future the demand on forest woody materials is believed to get higher than the annual growth. In 2006, logging residues were extracted from 36% of the 229 000 ha of regeneration fellings in Sweden. Logging residues are today the largest assortment of forest biomass available for energy production. Depending on the level of ecological, technical and economical restrictions the potential amount of branches, tops and foliage resulting from regeneration fellings is from 3.2 to 7.4 (no restrictions) million oven dry tons (ODT) annually (for the time period <strong>2010</strong>-2019) while the potential from stumps with attached root system is 4.2 to 11.7 (no restrictions) million ODT annually and for the same time period [3]. The corresponding annual figures in thinning for branches, tops and foliage and stumps with attached root system is 1,7 to 3,9 (no restrictions) and 1,7 to 5,7 (no restrictions) million ODT annually respectively. Furthermore, 0.5 million ODT, orginating from pre commercial thinning, can be added to the above mentioned potentials. Harvest and transport costs of logging residues are site specific and differ due to site characteristics (i.e. size of operational units, ecological restrictions, tree size and species, varying terrain conditions, varying forwarding distances, harvest type, transport distance to the receiving plant), regional and local differences (i.e. operation overhead costs, acquisition of harvesting rights, customer demand) and harvesting system used (i.e. type of machinery, cost and produz
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