Proceedings World Bioenergy 2010

More documents

Recommendations

Info

B 20 world bioenergy <strong>2010</strong> fOREsT REsIDuEs – sLash, sTuMps, sMaLL TREE haRVEsT
PROCUREMENT COSTS OF SLASH AND STUMPS IN SWEDEN – A COMPARISON BETWEEN SOUTH AND NORTH SWEDEN. Athanassiadis, Dimitris., Lundström, Anders & Nordfjell Tomas Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences S-90183 Umeå, Sweden Dimitris.Athanassiadis@srh.slu.se, Tomas.Nordfjell@srh.slu.se, Anders.Lundstrom@srh.slu.se ABSTRACT: Marginal cost curves were used to appreciate the amount of slash and stumps that could be harvested at certain costs in Sweden as a whole as well as in two regions (Upper Norrland and South Sweden). The expected region specific variations were quantified and region specific estimates on harvestable potentials of stumps and slash were made. The results in this work were based on data collected in the Swedish Forest Inventory (SFI) from 2002 to 2006 Keywords: forestry residues, harvesting, resource potential 1 INTRODUCTION The demand for use of wood as raw material for heat and power generation has increased considerably at a global level. Sweden is a leading country in the use of bioenergy. According to the Swedish Energy Authority, 20% of the total energy use, comes from biofuels (incl. peat) [1]. By-products from sawmills and the pulp and paper industry account for the greatest part and are used for the production of heat and power for the companies’ own needs or for the provision to consumers. The introduction in 2003 of a green electricity certificate system aimed in supporting electricity production using renewable energy sources (solar energy, wind power, hydropower and bioenergy) and peat. The main objective was to increase the amount of electricity coming from renewable resources by 17 TWh by year 2016 (base level is year 2002 when 6.5 TWh of electricity from renewable resources were produced). The Swedish national forest inventory (NFI) indicates a productive economic forest cover (designated for the production of timber and non-timber forest products) of 23 million ha, 56% percent of the total land area of Sweden. The total growing stock is about 3.2 billions of forest m 3 [2]. Within the near future the demand on forest woody materials is believed to get higher than the annual growth. In 2006, logging residues were extracted from 36% of the 229 000 ha of regeneration fellings in Sweden. Logging residues are today the largest assortment of forest biomass available for energy production. Depending on the level of ecological, technical and economical restrictions the potential amount of branches, tops and foliage resulting from regeneration fellings is from 3.2 to 7.4 (no restrictions) million oven dry tons (ODT) annually (for the time period <strong>2010</strong>-2019) while the potential from stumps with attached root system is 4.2 to 11.7 (no restrictions) million ODT annually and for the same time period [3]. The corresponding annual figures in thinning for branches, tops and foliage and stumps with attached root system is 1,7 to 3,9 (no restrictions) and 1,7 to 5,7 (no restrictions) million ODT annually respectively. Furthermore, 0.5 million ODT, orginating from pre commercial thinning, can be added to the above mentioned potentials. Harvest and transport costs of logging residues are site specific and differ due to site characteristics (i.e. size of operational units, ecological restrictions, tree size and species, varying terrain conditions, varying forwarding distances, harvest type, transport distance to the receiving plant), regional and local differences (i.e. operation overhead costs, acquisition of harvesting rights, customer demand) and harvesting system used (i.e. type of machinery, cost and produz
Page 1 and 2: MaIN spONsOR: WORLD BIOENERGY 2010
Page 3 and 4: ORGaNIsED BY: The swedish Bioenergy
Page 5 and 6: a B C CONTENTs OpENING sEssION 7 Bi
Page 7 and 8: OpENING sEssION world bioenergy 201
Page 9 and 10: The black curve is what actually ha
Page 11 and 12: a COMBINED hEaT aND pOWER (Chp), CO
Page 13 and 14: Chlorine Index: Cl content (%) of t
Page 15 and 16: The DOMOHEAT European project is fo
Page 17 and 18: IMPROVED FLEXIBILITY AND ECONOMY BY
Page 19: plant, is permanently manned. Rajam
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2: Marginal cost curves for
Page 25 and 26: HARVESTING FOR ENERGY OR PULPWOOD I
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1: The net income as functio
Page 29 and 30: CO 2-EQ EMISSIONS OF FOREST CHIP PR
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4: CO 2-eq emissions (kg/m 3
Page 33 and 34: [27] Wihersaari, M. 2005. Greenhous
Page 35 and 36: modes suitable for longer distances
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4: End users’ market share
Page 39 and 40: Table I: Annual capacity of vehicle
Page 41 and 42: comminuted biomass, as is stable gr
Page 43 and 44: BIOMASS FUNCTIONS FOR YOUNG SCOTS P
Page 45 and 46: 2). In the data for branches and fo
Page 47 and 48: ESTIMATING POTENTIALS OF SOLID WOOD
Page 49 and 50: 3.2 Techno-economical potential Whe
Page 51 and 52: C pOLICY - hOW TO MaKE IT aLL happE
Page 53 and 54: of the best (if not the best) way t
Page 55 and 56: 1, nº 1(Jul/Dez.1996)-Rio de janei
Page 57 and 58: consortiums of people) do not have
Page 59 and 60: BIOENERGY IN UKRAINE: STATE OF THE
Page 61 and 62: Ukraine till 2015 can be suggested
Page 63 and 64: ioenergy industry. The Climate Cons
Page 65 and 66: SUPPLY CHAINS OF FOREST CHIP PRODUC
Page 67 and 68: stump wood batches were also commin
Page 69 and 70: INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARATION OF PAP
Page 71 and 72:
Pakistan’s reserves. Pakistani bu
Page 73 and 74:
distributors in Pakistan, and the r
Page 75 and 76:
other sources of energy, it is impe
Page 77 and 78:
http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-n
Page 79 and 80:
BIOGAS UPGRADING BY TEMPERATURE SWI
Page 81 and 82:
into the adsorber (more information
Page 83 and 84:
Once again, the binary gas mixture
Page 85 and 86:
EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESI
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 3: Accumulated emissions fro
Page 89 and 90:
NEW INSIGHTS IN THE ASH MELTING BEH
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 4: Statistical analyses (lin
Page 93 and 94:
f ENERGY CROps, aGRICuLTuRaL REsIDu
Page 95 and 96:
INTERCROPPING OF REED CANARY GRASS,
Page 97 and 98:
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project wa
Page 99 and 100:
form of heat and constitutes 0.65%
Page 101 and 102:
II BOILER CHARACTERISTICS Capacity,
Page 103 and 104:
some optimisation in local employme
Page 105 and 106:
local straw production for fuel sal
Page 107 and 108:
Secondary School]. (2009). 58. Bela
Page 109 and 110:
CONfERENCE TuEsDaY 25 MaY 09.00 OpE
Page 111 and 112:
CONfERENCE ThuRsDaY 27 MaY 09.00 pa
Page 113:
TaKING YOu fROM KNOW-hOW TO shOW-hO
show all

Proceedings World Bioenergy 2010

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?