State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...

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D638) are offered for determining the tensile strength. The minimum value is 9,000 psi (621 bar) as specified in ASTM F2019, which is the only standard practice for pressure applications. Wall thickness measurements are also made on the retrieved samples. There is no requirement for measuring the wall thickness of the in situ liner. Theoretically, this is now possible with the use of a laser profiler. The inside surface of the original pipe would first be surveyed with the profiler and then the liner’s inside surface after cure. Assuming the liner hasn’t shrunk away from the inner surface of the original pipe, the thickness of the liner could then be determined from these two survey measurements. Ultrasonic tools are also being developed that not only can be used to measure the thickness of the in situ liner, but also its flexural modulus of elasticity. This could be especially important to an owner who may want to check on the condition of an old liner to determine if any deterioration (loss of thickness or modulus) has taken place. Another QC requirement often required is leak tightness testing, which in the case of a pressure pipe has a limit of 20 US gallon/inch diameter/mile/day. The recommended pressure level in ASTM F2019 is twice the working pressure or the working pressure plus 50 psi (3.5 bar), whichever is less. The last field QC requirement is a visual inspection, usually by CCTV, to check workmanship. No dry spots, lifts, or delaminations that would affect the liners long-term performance are permitted. Excessive wrinkles are also not permitted, especially those that impede flow or cleaning equipment. 5.6.2 Long-Term – Qualification Requirements 5.6.2.1 PVC Long-Term QA/QC Requirements. PVC pipe meeting AWWA C900 or C905, or ASTM D2241 Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series) is subjected to long-term pressure regression testing to establish an HDB for the pipe. Pipes are tested per ASTM D1598 and the results analyzed in accordance with ASTM D2837. A Hydrostatic Design Stress (HDS) is determined, which is the maximum tensile stress the material is capable of withstanding continuously with a high degree of certainty that failure of the pipe will not occur. Fusible PVC and Duraliner are the only two PVC products made from standard AWWA C900 or C905 stock, so these are qualified. Folded PVC There are no long-term qualification requirements in the folded PVC liner standards. Only one manufacturer of a folded PVC product, Ultraliner, stipulates that this product could be used for a low pressure sewer force main renewal. At some point in the future, a requirement similar to that in AWWA C900 or AWWA C905, where reformed pipes are subjected to long-term pressure regression tests needs to be established. This would then allow design of a reformed PVC liner to act as a fully structural pipe for 50 years. At the present time, that information is not available. 5.6.2.2 PE Long-Term QA/QC Requirements. PE pipe meeting AWWA C901 or C906, or ASTM D3035 is similar to PVC in that these products are also subjected to long-term pressure regression testing. These tests establish a basis for the long-term pressure rating of the products. There are no other longterm tests for standard PE pipe. Deformed PE PE used for deformed liners under ASTM F1533 is to be made from materials that have a PPI HDB of either 1,600 psi (110 bar) for PE 3408 or 1,250 psi (86 bar) for PE 2406. However, there is no requirement for the reformed PE liner to demonstrate that it has a similar HDB rating. 69
5.6.2.3 CIPP Long-Term QA/QC Requirements. ASTM D5813 includes a long-term qualification test for chemical resistance, which includes two requirements. The first is that the CIPP specimens retain 80% of their flexural modulus of elasticity after one-year exposure to six chemical solutions. Table 5-16 lists the solutions and their concentrations. Table 5-16. ASTM D5813 Chemical Solution Specifications Chemical Concentration Solution % Nitric acid 1 Sulfuric acid 5 ASTM Fuel C 100 Vegetable oil 100 Detergent 0.1 Soap 0.1 The other chemical resistance requirement is the strain corrosion test requirement of ASTM D3681, developed for fiberglass pipes used in gravity sewers. Eighteen (18) samples are deflected to achieve four different tensile bending strains on the inside surface of the liner and with exposure to H2SO4. The samples must last without failure for the specified time period associated with each strain level. This qualification test is intended to ensure that the liner is capable of withstanding up to 5% long-term vertical deflection when exposed to 5% H2SO4 and will last 50 years. This requirement may be valid for a direct buried pipe or perhaps a liner that is destined to be fully structural and capable of supporting all external loads, but is not realistic for a liner installed in a partially deteriorated sewer force main. 70
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EPA/600/R-10/044| March 2010 | www.
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DISCLAIMER The work reported in thi
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Introduction EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Forc
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The use of close-fit liners is ofte
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A whole host of ASTM specifications
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CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...............
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6.0: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.....
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DEFINITIONS Cured-in-place pipe (CI
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3-D three-dimensional AASHTO ACP AR
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UV ultraviolet WERF Water Environme
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wastewater conveyance systems (EPA,
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• Section 8: Findings and Recomme
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Figure 2-2. Diameter Distribution o
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Figure 2-4. Location of Force Mains
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Proper inspection of force mains wo
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0.03% of the overall length. There
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Table 3-1. Summary of Renewal Techn
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3.3.3 Joint Repair 3.3.3.1 Internal
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Page 39 and 40: are, however, several communities (
Page 41 and 42: Table 3-3. Properties of Hunting Po
Page 43 and 44: 3.4.3.1 Symmetrical Reduction Close
Page 45 and 46: Rolldown Rolldown was developed in
Page 47 and 48: Subline Subline, offered by Subterr
Page 49 and 50: On-Site Expandable PVC Close-Fit Li
Page 51 and 52: 3.4.4.2 Semi-Structural CIPP Liners
Page 53 and 54: inch (150 mm) liner down to 60 psi
Page 55 and 56: 3.4.5.1 Adhesive-Backed Woven Hose
Page 57 and 58: US. Primus Line is a seamless, wove
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3-21. Summary of Replacement
Page 61 and 62: favorable to stringing out a long l
Page 63 and 64: 3.5.1.3 Pipe Slitting. Pipe slittin
Page 65 and 66: 4.1 4.0 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION CONSID
Page 67 and 68: head loss to maintain flow capacity
Page 69 and 70: ferrous main, this can be an intern
Page 71 and 72: 5.0 DESIGN AND QA/QC This section w
Page 73 and 74: thickness? It can still support the
Page 75 and 76: pipe’s design life. Once again, i
Page 77 and 78: ASTM F1533 The renewal process invo
Page 79 and 80: AWWA M55 PE Pipe - Design and Insta
Page 81 and 82: Most of the controversy over the ap
Page 83 and 84: up to each individual manufacturer.
Page 85 and 86: For pressure applications, a hydros
Page 87: Dimensional checks on the pipe diam
Page 91 and 92: Figure 6-1. Polyurethane Pipeline C
Page 93 and 94: in currents or potentials indicate
Page 95 and 96: could also be used in force mains.
Page 97 and 98: 7.0 GAPS BETWEEN NEEDS AND AVAILABL
Page 99 and 100: 80 Table 7-1. Technology Gaps and C
Page 101 and 102: 82 Table 8-1. Parameters for Evalua
Page 103 and 104: 8.5 Sound, Risk-Based, Decision-Mak
Page 105 and 106: 9.0 REFERENCES Aggarwal, S.C. and M
Page 107 and 108: Technology/Method Spray - On Lining
Page 109 and 110: Technology/Method Spray - On Lining
Page 111 and 112: Technology/Method Spray - on Lining
Page 113 and 114: Technology/Method Close Fit/Tension
Page 115 and 116: Technology/Method Close Fit PE/Symm
Page 117 and 118: Technology/Method Symmetrical Reduc
Page 119 and 120: Technology/Method Rolldown/Close Fi
Page 121 and 122: Technology/Method Subcoil/Close Fit
Page 123 and 124: Technology/Method PE Liner/ Cement
Page 125 and 126: Technology/Method Subline/Close Fit
Page 127 and 128: Technology/Method Fold and Form PE
Page 129 and 130: Technology/Method Fold -and - Form/
Page 131 and 132: Technology/Method Fold -and - Form/
Page 133 and 134: Technology/Method Fold -and - Form
Page 135 and 136: Technology/Method Fold -and - Form
Page 137 and 138: Technology/Method Close - Fit Linin
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Technology/Method CIPP/Pull In Plac
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Technology/Method CIPP/Inversion wi
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Technology/Method CIPP/Direct Inver
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Technology/Method CIPP/ Inversion a
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Technology/Method CIPP/Glass Fiber
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Technology/Method CIPP/Pull in Plac
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Technology/Method CIPP/UV Light Cur
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Technology/Method CIPP/Glass Reinfo
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Technology/Method CIPP with Carbon
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for Rehabilitated Sections V. Costs
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Technology/Method Woven Hose Lining
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Technology/Method Saertex - Liner®
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Technology/Method Hose Liner/Pulled
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Technology/Method Glass Reinforced
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Technology/Method Sliplining/HDD/Pi
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