State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...
State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...
State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...
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coefficients <strong>for</strong> a three-dimensional [3-D] finite element analysis modeling <strong>for</strong> long-term per<strong>for</strong>mance)<br />
and a 500,000 pressure cycles test (60 to 120 psi [4 to 8 bar]), which has given the combined effect <strong>of</strong><br />
creep and fatigue. TTC also reported that the testing has demonstrated that ASTM D 2207 is a reasonable<br />
design approach <strong>for</strong> relining <strong>of</strong> pressure pipes with CIPP liners. They found the behavior <strong>of</strong> the resinfiber<br />
composite under cyclic loading to be interesting (measured both de<strong>for</strong>mation and strain) and will be<br />
reporting the results later in 2009. Aqua-Pipe is available in diameters <strong>of</strong> 6 to 12 inches (150 to 300 mm)<br />
with larger diameters planned in the future. The liner is structural and is custom designed to handle up to<br />
150 psi (10 bar) operating pressure and 6 feet (1.8 meters) <strong>of</strong> soil cover. The excess resin bonds the liner<br />
to the host pipe, filling any small holes or cracks. The hose liner is installed by pulling in place pipe<br />
(PIPP) with lengths <strong>of</strong> up to 500 feet (152 meters) between access pits possible. After CCTV and<br />
cleaning the main, any service connections are mapped and plugged robotically with small plastic caps.<br />
This is to keep the excess epoxy resin from plugging the service connection. A calibration pig is driven<br />
through the liner using water pressure, which presses the liner tightly against the host pipe. Hot water is<br />
circulated through the liner to cure the epoxy resin. After cure, a robotic tool is positioned at each service<br />
connection and a hole is precisely drilled through the liner and the plugs removed to restore service.<br />
3.4.5.2 Non-Adhesive Backed Woven Hose Lining<br />
Structural (Class IV) Woven Hose Lining<br />
Saertex-Liner ® (Lightstream)<br />
Saertex multiCom GmbH, located in Saerbeck, Germany, first introduced its CIPP liner in Europe in<br />
1996 and later in the US in 2007. The only licensed installer <strong>of</strong> Saertex-Liner in the US is International<br />
Pipe Lining Technologies (IPLT) in Cali<strong>for</strong>nia. IPLT calls the Saertex liner Lightstream. The global<br />
utilization rate <strong>of</strong> Saertex-Liner has been about 100 miles per year since 2008. The Saertex-Liner is<br />
available in diameters <strong>of</strong> 6 to 48 inches (150 to 1,200 mm) and with wall thicknesses <strong>of</strong> 3 to 12 mm (0.1<br />
to 0.5 inches). The hose liner is not marketed <strong>for</strong> pressure applications and does not have an NSF 61<br />
certification. Like many <strong>of</strong> the other fully structural CIPP liners, Saertex-Liner’s structural portion is<br />
made <strong>of</strong> several layers <strong>of</strong> Advantex E-CR glass fiber rein<strong>for</strong>cement impregnated with either a polyester or<br />
vinylester resin. The glass fiber is woven into a hose by Saertex in Germany and shipped to a US<br />
warehouse in Littleton, Colorado. The liner has an inner, styrene-tight film, which is removed<br />
immediately following the curing process. An external styrene-tight film, along with an opaque film that<br />
protects against UV exposure and damage during installation <strong>for</strong>ms the outer surface. The liner is<br />
winched into place after placing a sliding film along the invert <strong>of</strong> the host pipe. The liner can be either<br />
UV-cured or steam cured (catalyst included <strong>for</strong> steam curing option). Saertex liners range from semistructural<br />
to fully structural <strong>for</strong> gravity applications and are produced in two classes: Saertex-S and<br />
Saertex-M. The flexural modulus <strong>of</strong> the S-liner is 1.74×10 6 psi (12 x 10 4 bar), and its flexural strength is<br />
36,250 psi (2,500 bar). For long-term flexural modulus properties, a diminution factor <strong>of</strong> 1.35 is<br />
recommended <strong>for</strong> the S-liner. The M-liner has a lower flexural modulus and strength (see the datasheet in<br />
Appendix A <strong>for</strong> details). Un<strong>for</strong>tunately, Saertex multiCom has published no tensile strength data <strong>for</strong> its<br />
liners as they have not yet <strong>of</strong>fered their liners <strong>for</strong> pressure applications. From what little data are<br />
available, the Saertex-Liner appears to have similar strength and stiffness levels to other CIPP pressure<br />
products. However, the use <strong>of</strong> Saertex-Liner <strong>for</strong> sewer <strong>for</strong>ce main applications, although technically<br />
possible, would have to be considered experimental at this time.<br />
Primus Line ®<br />
Primus Line is an emerging new technology from Raedlinger Primus Line Gmbh <strong>of</strong> Cham, Germany.<br />
Primus Line was introduced in Germany in 2001. Raedlinger reports that it has been supplying between<br />
20 and 30 km <strong>of</strong> Primus Line each year since 2008, but all <strong>of</strong> this is located in Germany. Primus Line is<br />
available in diameters from 6 to 20 inches (150 to 500 mm) with thicknesses ranging from 6.5 to 9 mm<br />
(0.3 to 0.4 inches). It has been certified <strong>for</strong> drinking water applications in Germany, but not yet in the<br />
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