State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...

inch (150 mm) liner down to 60 psi (4 bar) for a 48 inch (1,200 mm) liner. The pressure rating and
diameters would cover over 75% of the sewer force mains in the US. Sekisui reports that they lined a 12
inch (300 mm) sewer force main in Hamburg, Germany using vinylester resin and a 16 inch force main in
the UK, with epoxy. There is currently no ASTM product standard. The design of the CIPP liner would
be predicated on Appendix X1 of ASTM F1216. The CIPP liner is installed via inversion, using air
pressure or a water column, and is cured with either steam or circulating hot water. Up to 600 feet (183
meters) can be installed and elbows up to 45° navigated by the liner during insertion.
Berolina Liner
One of the latest glass reinforced CIPP liners to enter the US market is Berolina Liner from BKP Berolina
Polyester GmbH in Berlin, Germany. BKP Berolina has licensed the CIPP Corporation to be the sole
nationwide US provider of this new liner. The liner was first used in Europe in 1997 and then outside
Europe beginning in 2001. There have not been any US installations yet, but Berolina Liner has been
used in Canada (Hamilton, Ontario). The Berolina Liner is composed of glass fiber and/or polyester webs
impregnated with polyester or vinylester resin. Uniquely, the layers are overlapped and staggered giving
the tube variable stretching capability. After placement of a protective film sleeve covering the lower half
of the host pipe, the liner is installed by pulling it in place, which can be accommodated by the axial
strength of the glass fiber. The tube is calibrated by inflating with compressed air (7.5 psi [0.5 bar]) and
can be inspected with a CCTV camera before polymerization. Once it is confirmed that the liner is
correctly placed, it is then ultraviolet (UV) cured. The liner has a protective inner film and a UV-resistant
outer film. The inner film is removed after installation. The outer film prevents resin from migrating into
laterals, but also from entering cracks in the host pipe. The outer film also prevents styrene emissions. A
renewal length of up to 1,200 feet (366 meters) is possible. Interestingly, the Berolina Liner is designed
with ring stiffness classes of SN1250 to SN10000 (MPa), which equates to the same ring stiffness classes
in AWWA C950 for direct buried GRP pressure pipe (namely SN9 to SN72 psi). As yet, BKP Berolina
has not undergone any long-term pressure regression testing per ASTM standards, which could be used to
establish a hydrostatic design basis, as is done for glass reinforced plastic (GRP) or thermoplastic pressure
pipes. BKP Berolina claim they have done considerable long-term testing per European and Japanese
standards, but no data have yet been produced. They have done 10,000 hour creep tests. Also, Berolina
Liner did have the lowest permeability of all CIPP liners when tested by IKT in Germany in 2008. The
Berolina Liner is available in diameters from 6 to 40 inches (150 to 1,000 mm) with thicknesses ranging
from 0.08 to 0.47 inches (2 to 12 mm). BKP Berolina’s newest liner, called Berolina-LP-Liner (low
pressure), is currently undergoing testing and will be introduced for pressures up to 45 psi (3 bar). This
will probably accommodate 50% of the sewer force main market. The Berolina Liner conforms to the
European standard, EN 13566-4, and the draft International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/DIS
11296-4. As yet there is no ASTM standard for this product, but work is underway preparing a new
standard that will cover this type of product. The design basis for this liner is either ASTM F1216
Appendix X1 or the German standard ATV-M 127-2. This German standard is well known in Europe,
but has limited value in the North American market. BKP Berolina does have an impressive list of
QA/QC requirements that are performed in their factory on the liner (some are qualification or type tests),
as well as recommended QC tests after installations. The technical datasheet in Appendix A contains
details on these requirements.
Blue-Tek ®
Brandenburger GmbH, located in Landau, Germany, was an early developer of resin pre-impregnated
laminates (prepregs) for sewer rehabilitation that used UV light curing. In 1997, Brandenberger formed
UV Reline.tec GmbH and began the promotion of their technology outside Germany. Brandenburger
now has affiliates in the US, Canada, UK, and Mexico with over 5 million feet (1.5 million meters)
installed in 24 countries around the world. Reline America, Inc., located in Saltville, VA, was established
in 2007 to distribute the Blue-Tek CIPP liner to licensed contractors. Reline America now claims they
have made significant improvements in the original technology and are transferring that know-how back
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