State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...

wastewater conveyance systems (EPA, 2007). The outputs from this research program are intended to
assist EPA’s program and regional offices to implement Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act
requirements; to help states and tribes meet their programmatic requirements; and to assist utilities to
more effectively implement comprehensive management of drinking water and wastewater treatment and
conveyance systems. This initiative is aimed at encouraging the introduction of new and improved
technologies into the US marketplace for water and wastewater rehabilitation, which will aid utilities in
providing reliable service to their customers and meeting their statutory requirements. As part of this
research effort, the EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) awarded Task Order
No. 58 titled Rehabilitation of Wastewater Collection and Water Distribution Systems under Contract No.
EP-C-05-057. This research project includes the preparation of a series of reports on the State Of
Technology in rehabilitation of sewer force mains, water mains, and gravity wastewater systems (mains,
laterals, and manholes). This report presents a comprehensive review and evaluation of existing and
emerging technologies to define the current state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art for sewer force main
renewal. The report seeks to address some of the following questions posed in the EPA’s Innovation and
Research for Water Infrastructure for the 21st Century Research Plan (EPA, 2007):
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• Can emerging and innovative force main rehabilitation technologies be identified and
demonstrated in field settings to improve the understanding of their cost-effectiveness,
technical performance, and reliability?
• Can approaches and methods be developed for determining the long-term performance and
life-cycle cost-effectiveness of various force main rehabilitation systems?
• Can system design guidance based on lessons learned from rehabilitation be developed to
enhance long-term performance and system integrity and to allow for easier inspection,
maintenance, and rehabilitation?
• Can guidance be provided for operation and maintenance (O&M) programs, including
procedures to assess and optimize maintenance practices that reduce the need for
rehabilitation?
• Can a sound, risk-based, decision-making process for selecting optimal system rehabilitation
technologies and methods be developed based on long-term effectiveness, system
performance, structural integrity, consequence of failure, and life-cycle cost?
• Are decision-making processes for selecting optimal system rehabilitation technologies and
methods cost-effective, and do they adequately address relevant factors (e.g., long- and shortterm
performance, cost, hydraulic effects, structural integrity, condition assessment,
maintenance, and consequence of failure)?
Project Objectives
The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive review of the US market with respect to
rehabilitation of sewer force mains. The main portion of the report is a review of all known technologies
that could be utilized in the rehabilitation of sewer force mains. Some of these technologies have not yet
been used for this purpose, so one is cautioned to not only read the text in the report, but also the relevant
technology-specific datasheets listed in Appendix A for more details. The report includes a discussion of
what technologies exist for rehabilitating a partially versus fully deteriorated force main. It also includes
a discussion on the current design methodologies for semi-structural conditions (designed to only bridge
over small holes or gaps in a main) and fully structural conditions (designed to carry the full internal
pressure and external loads).
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