State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...

Figure 3-15. Subline Forming into “C” Shape.......................................................................................... 28
Figure 3-16. PolyFoldTM Banding........................................................................................................... 28
Figure 3-17. Summary of CIPP Technologies.......................................................................................... 31
Figure 3-18. Starline® 1000 ..................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 3-19. Aqua-Pipe Construction....................................................................................................... 36
Figure 3-20. Aqualiner Installation Process.............................................................................................. 38
Figure 3-21. Summary of Replacement Technologies.............................................................................. 40
Figure 3-22. Fusion of PVC Joint............................................................................................................. 41
Figure 3-23. Hobas Sliplining Pressure Joint ........................................................................................... 42
Figure 3-24. Static Bursting Head ............................................................................................................ 43
Figure 3-25. Pneumatic Bursting Head..................................................................................................... 43
Figure 3-26. Permalok T7 Pressure Joint.................................................................................................. 45
Figure 4-1. Total Installation Cost in 2003 Dollars for Trenchless Rehabilitation Methods.................. 46
Figure 4-2. UK Water Rehabilitation Costs............................................................................................ 47
Figure 4-3. Belief Network for Risk of Failure in PCCP........................................................................ 51
Figure 4-4. Belief Network for Consequences of Failure in PCCP ........................................................ 51
Figure 6-1. Polyurethane Pipeline Cleaning Pigs ................................................................................... 72
Figure 6-2. LPR Ferguson-Nicholas Cell ............................................................................................... 75
TABLES
Table 2-1. Percentage of Materials by Diameter Range ........................................................................... 6
Table 3-1. Summary of Renewal Technologies with Applicability to Force Mains............................... 13
Table 3-2. Summary of Internal Joint Vendors....................................................................................... 16
Table 3-3. Properties of Hunting Polyurea Spray-on Linings................................................................. 22
Table 3-4. Pressure Class of PE 3408 based on AWWA C906 at 80 o F................................................. 24
Table 5-1. ASTM Material Standards for PVC Pipe .............................................................................. 57
Table 5-2. ASTM Material Standards for PE Pipes................................................................................ 57
Table 5-3. ASTM Material Standards for CIPP...................................................................................... 58
Table 5-4. ASTM Standards for FRP/GRP............................................................................................. 59
Table 5-5. Design Standards for PVC Materials..................................................................................... 59
Table 5-6. Design Standards for Polyethylene Materials........................................................................ 59
Table 5-7. Design Standards for Glass-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Pipe..................................... 60
Table 5-8. ASTM Design Standards for CIPP Materials ........................................................................ 60
Table 5-9. ASTM Installation Standards for PVC Materials.................................................................. 64
Table 5-10. ASTM Installation Standards for FRP/GRP Materials.......................................................... 64
Table 5-11. ASTM Installation Standards for Polyethylene Materials..................................................... 65
Table 5-12. ASTM Installation Standards for CIPP Materials ................................................................. 65
Table 5-13. Minimum Structural Properties of CIPP Products by ASTM F1216 .................................... 66
Table 5-14. Minimum Structural Properties of CIPP Products by ASTM F1743 .................................... 66
Table 5-15. Minimum Structural Properties of CIPP Products by ASTM F2019 .................................... 67
Table 5-16. ASTM D5813 Chemical Solution Specifications.................................................................. 70
Table 7-1. Technology Gaps and Closure Costs and Benefits................................................................ 80
Table 8-1. Parameters for Evaluation in Demonstration Projects........................................................... 82
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