State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...
State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...
State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...
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6.0: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.............................................................................................. 71<br />
6.1 Procedures to Prolong the Life <strong>of</strong> Existing <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s ........................................................ 71<br />
6.1.1 Cleaning ..................................................................................................................... 71<br />
6.1.2 Cathodic Protection .................................................................................................... 73<br />
6.1.3 Continuous Corrosion Monitoring ............................................................................. 74<br />
6.1.4 Pressure Monitoring ................................................................................................... 75<br />
6.1.5 Leak Monitoring......................................................................................................... 76<br />
6.1.6 Acoustic Monitoring <strong>for</strong> Wire Breaks in PCCP......................................................... 76<br />
6.2 <strong>Main</strong>tenance and Emergency Repair <strong>of</strong> <strong>Rehabilitation</strong> Systems............................................. 77<br />
7.0: GAPS BETWEEN NEEDS AND AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES................................................ 78<br />
7.1 Data Gaps ................................................................................................................................ 78<br />
7.2 Capability Gaps ....................................................................................................................... 79<br />
7.3 Benefits, Costs and Challenges in Closing Gaps..................................................................... 79<br />
8.0: FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................................................... 81<br />
8.1 What Systems Would Benefit Most from Being Demonstrated in Field Settings?................. 81<br />
8.2 Key Parameters <strong>for</strong> Evaluation in Demonstration Projects..................................................... 81<br />
8.3 Guidance <strong>for</strong> Establishing a Comprehensive System <strong>Rehabilitation</strong> Program ....................... 83<br />
8.4 Guidance <strong>for</strong> <strong>Main</strong>tenance Programs ...................................................................................... 83<br />
8.5 Sound, Risk-Based, Decision-Making Process Development................................................. 84<br />
8.6 Cost-Effectiveness <strong>of</strong> Decision-Making Processes ................................................................. 84<br />
8.7 Timing <strong>for</strong> <strong>Rehabilitation</strong> Action ............................................................................................ 84<br />
8.8 Demonstration/Verification <strong>of</strong> Pressure System <strong>Rehabilitation</strong>.............................................. 85<br />
9.0: REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................... 86<br />
FIGURES<br />
Figure 2-1. Pipe Material Usage <strong>for</strong> Sewer <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s ......................................................................... 5<br />
Figure 2-2. Diameter Distribution <strong>of</strong> Sewer <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s ........................................................................ 6<br />
Figure 2-3. Age <strong>of</strong> <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s................................................................................................................ 7<br />
Figure 2-4. Location <strong>of</strong> <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s ........................................................................................................ 8<br />
Figure 2-5. Land Development over Buried <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s........................................................................ 8<br />
Figure 2-6. Causes <strong>of</strong> Failure in Ferrous <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s ........................................................................... 10<br />
Figure 2-7. Causes <strong>of</strong> Failure in Non-Ferrous Sewer <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s ........................................................ 10<br />
Figure 3-1. Renewal Approaches <strong>for</strong> <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s................................................................................. 11<br />
Figure 3-2. Repair Approaches <strong>for</strong> <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s .................................................................................... 14<br />
Figure 3-3. Link-Pipe 12 inch Pressure-Seal .......................................................................................... 15<br />
Figure 3-4. Romac SS2 Repair Clamp.................................................................................................... 15<br />
Figure 3-5. AMEX 10 Mono Seal........................................................................................................... 16<br />
Figure 3-6. <strong>Rehabilitation</strong> Approaches <strong>for</strong> <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s ........................................................................ 17<br />
Figure 3-7. Summary <strong>of</strong> Spray Lining Technologies ............................................................................. 18<br />
Figure 3-8. Typical Stress Strain Curve <strong>for</strong> Ferrocement....................................................................... 19<br />
Figure 3-9. Summary <strong>of</strong> Close Fit PE Technologies .............................................................................. 23<br />
Figure 3-10. PE Close-Fit Liner Hole Spanning Capabilities................................................................... 23<br />
Figure 3-11. Roller Reduction Unit <strong>for</strong> PolyFlex ..................................................................................... 25<br />
Figure 3-12. Illustration <strong>of</strong> PE Pipe Compression.................................................................................... 25<br />
Figure 3-13. Summary <strong>of</strong> Fold-and-Form Close Fit Lining Technologies............................................... 26<br />
Figure 3-14. Relationship Between Diameter and SDR <strong>for</strong> Folding ........................................................ 28<br />
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