State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...

CONTENTS
DISCLAIMER ..............................................................................................................................................ii
FOREWORD ...............................................................................................................................................iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... iv
FIGURES....................................................................................................................................................xii
TABLES ....................................................................................................................................................xiii
DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................................................... xiv
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION .................................................................................................... xvi
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Project Background ................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Project Objectives...................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Project Approach....................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Organization of Report.............................................................................................................. 3
2.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF FORCE MAIN SYSTEMS......................................................................... 5
2.1 Material Usage .......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Diameter Distribution................................................................................................................ 5
2.3 Age of System ........................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Force Main Location ................................................................................................................. 7
2.5 Redundancy............................................................................................................................... 9
2.6 Cause of Failure in Force Mains ............................................................................................... 9
2.6.1 Ferrous Force Mains..................................................................................................... 9
2.6.2 Non-Ferrous Force Mains ............................................................................................ 9
3.0: RENEWAL PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGIES ......................................................................... 11
3.1 Current Utility Practices and Market....................................................................................... 11
3.2 Overview of Renewal Technologies ....................................................................................... 12
3.3 Repair ...................................................................................................................................... 14
3.3.1 Open Cut Emergency Replacement............................................................................ 14
3.3.2 Spot Repair – Trenchless............................................................................................ 14
3.3.2.1 Cured-in-Place Pipe ................................................................................... 14
3.3.2.2 Sleeve......................................................................................................... 15
3.3.2.3 External Repair Clamps ............................................................................. 15
3.3.3 Joint Repair ................................................................................................................ 16
3.3.3.1 Internal Joint Repair................................................................................... 16
3.3.3.2 External Joint Repair.................................................................................. 16
3.4 Rehabilitation .......................................................................................................................... 17
3.4.1 Cleaning Requirements .............................................................................................. 17
3.4.2 Spray-on Linings ........................................................................................................ 18
3.4.2.1 Cement Mortar Linings.............................................................................. 18
3.4.2.2 Reinforced Mortar Linings......................................................................... 19
3.4.2.3 Epoxy Spray-on Linings ............................................................................ 19
3.4.2.4 Polyurethane Spray-on Linings.................................................................. 20
3.4.2.5 Polyurea Spray-On Linings........................................................................ 21
3.4.3 Close Fit Lining Systems ........................................................................................... 22
3.4.3.1 Symmetrical Reduction Close Fit Lining – PE.......................................... 24
3.4.3.2 Fold-and-Form Close Fit Lining – PE ....................................................... 26
3.4.3.3 Fold-and-Form Close Fit Lining – PVC (Alloy)........................................ 28
3.4.4 Cured-In-Place Pipe ................................................................................................... 30
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