State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...
State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...
State of Technology Report for Force Main Rehabilitation, Final ...
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CONTENTS<br />
DISCLAIMER ..............................................................................................................................................ii<br />
FOREWORD ...............................................................................................................................................iii<br />
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... iv<br />
FIGURES....................................................................................................................................................xii<br />
TABLES ....................................................................................................................................................xiii<br />
DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................................................... xiv<br />
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION .................................................................................................... xvi<br />
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1<br />
1.1 Project Background ................................................................................................................... 1<br />
1.2 Project Objectives...................................................................................................................... 2<br />
1.3 Project Approach....................................................................................................................... 3<br />
1.4 Organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>Report</strong>.............................................................................................................. 3<br />
2.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF FORCE MAIN SYSTEMS......................................................................... 5<br />
2.1 Material Usage .......................................................................................................................... 5<br />
2.2 Diameter Distribution................................................................................................................ 5<br />
2.3 Age <strong>of</strong> System ........................................................................................................................... 7<br />
2.4 <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong> Location ................................................................................................................. 7<br />
2.5 Redundancy............................................................................................................................... 9<br />
2.6 Cause <strong>of</strong> Failure in <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s ............................................................................................... 9<br />
2.6.1 Ferrous <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s..................................................................................................... 9<br />
2.6.2 Non-Ferrous <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Main</strong>s ............................................................................................ 9<br />
3.0: RENEWAL PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGIES ......................................................................... 11<br />
3.1 Current Utility Practices and Market....................................................................................... 11<br />
3.2 Overview <strong>of</strong> Renewal Technologies ....................................................................................... 12<br />
3.3 Repair ...................................................................................................................................... 14<br />
3.3.1 Open Cut Emergency Replacement............................................................................ 14<br />
3.3.2 Spot Repair – Trenchless............................................................................................ 14<br />
3.3.2.1 Cured-in-Place Pipe ................................................................................... 14<br />
3.3.2.2 Sleeve......................................................................................................... 15<br />
3.3.2.3 External Repair Clamps ............................................................................. 15<br />
3.3.3 Joint Repair ................................................................................................................ 16<br />
3.3.3.1 Internal Joint Repair................................................................................... 16<br />
3.3.3.2 External Joint Repair.................................................................................. 16<br />
3.4 <strong>Rehabilitation</strong> .......................................................................................................................... 17<br />
3.4.1 Cleaning Requirements .............................................................................................. 17<br />
3.4.2 Spray-on Linings ........................................................................................................ 18<br />
3.4.2.1 Cement Mortar Linings.............................................................................. 18<br />
3.4.2.2 Rein<strong>for</strong>ced Mortar Linings......................................................................... 19<br />
3.4.2.3 Epoxy Spray-on Linings ............................................................................ 19<br />
3.4.2.4 Polyurethane Spray-on Linings.................................................................. 20<br />
3.4.2.5 Polyurea Spray-On Linings........................................................................ 21<br />
3.4.3 Close Fit Lining Systems ........................................................................................... 22<br />
3.4.3.1 Symmetrical Reduction Close Fit Lining – PE.......................................... 24<br />
3.4.3.2 Fold-and-Form Close Fit Lining – PE ....................................................... 26<br />
3.4.3.3 Fold-and-Form Close Fit Lining – PVC (Alloy)........................................ 28<br />
3.4.4 Cured-In-Place Pipe ................................................................................................... 30<br />
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