Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

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Once the setup was completed, the buckling test commenced (Figure 5-22). The liner held a pressure of over 50 psi (corresponding to around 115 ft depth of immersion in water) for nearly 15 minutes (Figure 5- 23). Leakage of water was observed through the liner material on the inner wall of the CIPP liner. These leaks suggest the presence of some migration paths though the resin matrix (Figure 5-24) at this elevated pressure. The cross-sectional profile of the liner before and after buckling is shown in Figure 5-11. Figure 5-20. High Pressure Pump Figure 5-22. Pressure on the Liner During Buckling Test 80 Figure 5-21. Pressure Gauges Connected on the Tube Figure 5-23. Pressure Gauge Showing Pressure of 40 psi Applied on the Liner
Figure 5-24. Localized Leak on the Liner – Green Spots Due to Green Food Color 5.2.16 Shore D Hardness. The Durometer (Shore D) hardness test (ASTM D2240) is used to determine the relative hardness of soft materials, such as thermoplastic and thermosetting materials. This test measures the penetration of a specified indenter into the subject material under predetermined force and time. Specimens measuring approximately 1 in. × 1 in. were cut from the crown, spring line, and invert of the retrieved CIPP liner using a band saw. A total of 24 specimens were prepared and tested (eight from each location). All tests were performed using the Shore D hardness scale, which utilizes a weight of 10 lb (4,536 g) and a tip diameter of 0.1 mm. Tests were conducted on the inner and outer surfaces and a total of 1,440 readings were performed on samples taken from all of the locations. The recorded values are shown in Figure 5-25. As was noted in the Denver studies, it can be seen that the inner surface readings are approximately 23% softer (63.3, 62.3, and 62.4) compared with outer surfaces of the liner (79.5, 81.7, and 83.0). However, it is difficult to separate any effects of exposure to the waste stream from differences due to the presence of the interior surface coating. 5.2.17 Barcol Hardness. Specimens were also subjected to the Barcol hardness test (ASTM D2583) as described for the Denver samples in Section 4. The results of the Barcol hardness testing for this liner are shown in Figure 5-26. The values (average of 6.77 for the inner surface and 13.76 for the outer surface) are much lower than for the equivalent testing for the Denver samples. For the inner surface, this may be a result of the different coating material used in recent liners than was used in the earlier liners retrieved from the Denver sites. Differences of similar magnitude are not seen in the Shore D hardness values between the Columbus and Denver 8-in. liners. While there is no correlation between these two hardness measurements methods, Barcol hardness is the more commonly utilized method in the CIPP industry. The Barcol hardness values for the 5-year old Columbus 8-in. liner show little difference between the inner and outer surfaces or between the invert readings and the crown readings. This may be due to the relatively short exposure of the liner to service conditions. 81
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EPA/600/R-12/004 | January 2012 | w
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DISCLAIMER The work reported in thi
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has bee
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samples had a flexural modulus valu
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CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...............
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4.3.10.2 Upstream Sample ..........
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9.2.2 Recommendations for Developme
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Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMP Asse
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1.0: INTRODUCTION This report forms
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1.2 Organization of the Report Foll
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Some sections of a sewer system may
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• The depth of the pipe below the
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Figure 2-3 highlights the main diff
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The most commonly used resins are i
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the glass fiber. The tube, which is
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3.0: DEVELOPMENT OF CIPP EVALUATION
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• The municipality would be willi
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• Measurements and/or physical sa
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Table 3-3. Laboratory Evaluation an
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4.1 Introduction 4.0: CITY OF DENVE
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Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered
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Sample ID Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Si
Page 47 and 48: Location Table 4-5. Denver 8-in. Li
Page 49 and 50: Profile Plot Red - Steel tube Green
Page 51 and 52: Table 4-7. Results from Flexural Te
Page 53 and 54: 35 Table 4-9. Comparison of Test Da
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.12 Buckling Test. A steel mecha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pres
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.13 Shore D Hardness. Durometer
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 63 and 64: increases and the heat of cure decr
Page 65 and 66: In summary, CCTV inspection of thre
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 4
Page 69 and 70: 4.3.6.2 Downstream Sample. Seven sp
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4-34. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 73 and 74: Table 4-18. Flexural Test Results f
Page 75 and 76: 4.3.8.2 Upstream Sample. Specimens
Page 77 and 78: 4.3.10 Barcol Hardness 4.3.10.1 Dow
Page 79 and 80: 4.3.11.2 Downstream Sample. The Ram
Page 81 and 82: 5.1 Introduction 5.0: CITY OF COLUM
Page 83 and 84: April 16, 2010 The specimen was rec
Page 85 and 86: The resulting gradation curves are
Page 87 and 88: Table 5-4. Soil pH at Designated Lo
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5-8. Average Thickness at Di
Page 91 and 92: 5.2.12 Flexural Testing. Specimens
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5-14. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5-16. Tensile Stress-Strain
Page 97: 5.2.15 Buckling Test. A mechanical
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5-26. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 103 and 104: 5.3.3 Visual Inspection of Liner. I
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5-32. Ultrasonic Testing for
Page 107 and 108: Table 5-13. Geometric Data for Flex
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5-38. Shore D Hardness of Co
Page 111 and 112: 6.1 Introduction 6.0: REVIEW AND CO
Page 113 and 114: Overall, the liners appear to be ho
Page 115 and 116: age difference between the liners i
Page 117 and 118: Looking for correlations to the low
Page 119 and 120: A significantly lower range of Shor
Page 121 and 122: 7.0: RECOMMENDED TEST PROTOCOL FOR
Page 123 and 124: combining this broadly available in
Page 125 and 126: Table 7-3. Overall Structure for a
Page 127 and 128: Table 8-2. CIPP and Other Rehabilit
Page 129 and 130: Table 8-5. Rehabilitation Specifica
Page 131 and 132: 113 Table 8-9. Process Verification
Page 133 and 134: Göttingen Stadtentwässerung: Göt
Page 135 and 136: experience and quality, and do not
Page 137 and 138: km of pipe and 50-year-old pipes ar
Page 139 and 140: methods are detailed in the Guide t
Page 141 and 142: The business of pipeline rehabilita
Page 143 and 144: • Destructive testing (but will n
Page 145 and 146: In Denver, in CCTV inspections of n
Page 147 and 148: 9.2 Recommendations for Future Work
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Falter, B. 1996. “Structural Anal
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Lehmann, M.A, J.P. Schroeder and C.
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APPENDIX A LIST OF TEST STANDARDS R
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The following table lists the non-A
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B.1 Introduction This study was con
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Mean thickness values for each cont
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APPENDIX C INTERNATIONAL STUDY INTE
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The original Insituform liner insta
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However, the figures published by O
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exfiltration and infiltration. Any
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STW uses CIPP for virtually all of
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method. Top hat repairs to junction
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All design and construction supervi
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Process verification test samples a
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consultant born out of the corporat
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BW continues to use CIPP, mainly in
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East, but has not yet had marked su
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D-1
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D-3
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D-7
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