Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

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4.3.9.2 Downstream Sample. Specimens measuring approximately 1 in. × 1 in. were cut from the retrieved downstream sample of the CIPP liner using a band saw. A total of 10 specimens were prepared and tested. A total of 36 tests were conducted on each sample: 18 tests on the inner surfaces and 18 tests on the outer surfaces. The average calculated values and their standard deviations are shown in Figure 4- 40. The average and standard deviation of the Shore D hardness for the sample inner surface was calculated to be 65±3 and for the outer surface 79±2. The differences between the inner and outer surfaces of the liner follow the same pattern as the reading for the Denver 8-in. liner. The outer side of the liner enclosed by the host pipe was neither in contact with the soil nor with the waste stream. The significance of this result is explored in Section 6. Figure 4-40. Shore D Hardness for Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample 4.3.9.3 Upstream Sample. A total of seven specimens were prepared and tested. A total of 50 tests were conducted on each sample: 25 tests on the inner surfaces and 25 tests on the outer surfaces. The average calculated values and their standard deviations are shown in Figure 4-41. An average of 25 readings at both the inner and outer surface of each of seven specimens is shown. The weighted average and standard deviation of the Shore D hardness for the sample inner surface was calculated to be 47±2 and for the outer surface 63±3. Figure 4-41. Shore D Hardness for Denver 48-in. Upstream Sample 58
4.3.10 Barcol Hardness 4.3.10.1 Downstream Sample. Seven specimens from the exhumed downstream sample were subjected to the Barcol test (ASTM D2583). Due to the presence of dust and debris on the outer wall of the exhumed CIPP slabs (Figure 4-42), a belt sander was used to achieve a smooth surface. The inner surface of each sample was kept unaltered (Figure 4-43). A wooden base was prepared to match the thickness of the specimens, and the Barcol hardness tester (Figure 4-44) was placed on that platform to conduct the test (Figure 4-45). Figure 4-42. Original Outer Surface (Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample) Figure 4-44. Barcol Hardness Tester, Taking a Measurement Figure 4-43. Smoothed Outer Surface (Top Row) and Inner Surface (Bottom Row) (Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample) 59 Figure 4-45. Barcol Hardness Test Setup For each specimen a total of 30 readings were taken: 15 on the outer surface and 15 on the inner surface. Similarly to the durometer (Shore D) hardness test, it was found that the measured inner surface hardness values were lower than those measured on the outer surface. The average calculated values and their standard deviations are shown in Figure 4-46. The weighted average of Barcol hardness for the sample inner surface was calculated to be 16.5 and the weighted error ±1.5, and for the outer surface 29.3 ±1.3.
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EPA/600/R-12/004 | January 2012 | w
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DISCLAIMER The work reported in thi
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has bee
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samples had a flexural modulus valu
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CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...............
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4.3.10.2 Upstream Sample ..........
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9.2.2 Recommendations for Developme
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Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMP Asse
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1.0: INTRODUCTION This report forms
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1.2 Organization of the Report Foll
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Some sections of a sewer system may
Page 25 and 26: • The depth of the pipe below the
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-3 highlights the main diff
Page 29 and 30: The most commonly used resins are i
Page 31 and 32: the glass fiber. The tube, which is
Page 33 and 34: 3.0: DEVELOPMENT OF CIPP EVALUATION
Page 35 and 36: • The municipality would be willi
Page 37 and 38: • Measurements and/or physical sa
Page 39 and 40: Table 3-3. Laboratory Evaluation an
Page 41 and 42: 4.1 Introduction 4.0: CITY OF DENVE
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered
Page 45 and 46: Sample ID Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Si
Page 47 and 48: Location Table 4-5. Denver 8-in. Li
Page 49 and 50: Profile Plot Red - Steel tube Green
Page 51 and 52: Table 4-7. Results from Flexural Te
Page 53 and 54: 35 Table 4-9. Comparison of Test Da
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.12 Buckling Test. A steel mecha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pres
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.13 Shore D Hardness. Durometer
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 63 and 64: increases and the heat of cure decr
Page 65 and 66: In summary, CCTV inspection of thre
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 4
Page 69 and 70: 4.3.6.2 Downstream Sample. Seven sp
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4-34. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 73 and 74: Table 4-18. Flexural Test Results f
Page 75: 4.3.8.2 Upstream Sample. Specimens
Page 79 and 80: 4.3.11.2 Downstream Sample. The Ram
Page 81 and 82: 5.1 Introduction 5.0: CITY OF COLUM
Page 83 and 84: April 16, 2010 The specimen was rec
Page 85 and 86: The resulting gradation curves are
Page 87 and 88: Table 5-4. Soil pH at Designated Lo
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5-8. Average Thickness at Di
Page 91 and 92: 5.2.12 Flexural Testing. Specimens
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5-14. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5-16. Tensile Stress-Strain
Page 97 and 98: 5.2.15 Buckling Test. A mechanical
Page 99 and 100: Figure 5-24. Localized Leak on the
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5-26. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 103 and 104: 5.3.3 Visual Inspection of Liner. I
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5-32. Ultrasonic Testing for
Page 107 and 108: Table 5-13. Geometric Data for Flex
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5-38. Shore D Hardness of Co
Page 111 and 112: 6.1 Introduction 6.0: REVIEW AND CO
Page 113 and 114: Overall, the liners appear to be ho
Page 115 and 116: age difference between the liners i
Page 117 and 118: Looking for correlations to the low
Page 119 and 120: A significantly lower range of Shor
Page 121 and 122: 7.0: RECOMMENDED TEST PROTOCOL FOR
Page 123 and 124: combining this broadly available in
Page 125 and 126: Table 7-3. Overall Structure for a
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Table 8-2. CIPP and Other Rehabilit
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Table 8-5. Rehabilitation Specifica
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113 Table 8-9. Process Verification
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Göttingen Stadtentwässerung: Göt
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experience and quality, and do not
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km of pipe and 50-year-old pipes ar
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methods are detailed in the Guide t
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The business of pipeline rehabilita
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• Destructive testing (but will n
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In Denver, in CCTV inspections of n
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9.2 Recommendations for Future Work
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Falter, B. 1996. “Structural Anal
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Lehmann, M.A, J.P. Schroeder and C.
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APPENDIX A LIST OF TEST STANDARDS R
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The following table lists the non-A
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B.1 Introduction This study was con
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Mean thickness values for each cont
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APPENDIX C INTERNATIONAL STUDY INTE
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The original Insituform liner insta
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However, the figures published by O
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exfiltration and infiltration. Any
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STW uses CIPP for virtually all of
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method. Top hat repairs to junction
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All design and construction supervi
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Process verification test samples a
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consultant born out of the corporat
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BW continues to use CIPP, mainly in
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East, but has not yet had marked su
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D-1
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D-3
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D-5
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D-7
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D-9
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D-11
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D-13
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