Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...
Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...
Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
4.3.8.2 Upstream Sample. Specimens were cut from the retrieved upstream CIPP l<strong>in</strong>er and tested for<br />
tensile strength <strong>in</strong> the same manner as specimens from the downstream sample. The results <strong>of</strong> test<strong>in</strong>g are<br />
provided <strong>in</strong> Table 4-20 and shown <strong>in</strong> Figure 4-39.<br />
Table 4-20. Tensile Test Results for Denver 48-<strong>in</strong>. Upstream Sample<br />
Location<br />
on <strong>Pipe</strong><br />
Area<br />
(<strong>in</strong>. 2 )<br />
Peak Load<br />
(lb)<br />
57<br />
Peak Stress<br />
(psi)<br />
Tensile Modulus<br />
(psi)<br />
1 0.3052 923 3,023 451,779<br />
2 0.2641 858 3,250 431,712<br />
3 0.2822 904 3,203 324,920<br />
4 0.2991 1064 3,557 466,379<br />
5 0.2846 856 3,009 459,145<br />
Average - - 3,208±222 426,787±58,396<br />
Figure 4-39. Stress-Stra<strong>in</strong> Curves from Tensile Test<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Denver 48-<strong>in</strong>. Upstream Samples<br />
4.3.9 Shore D Hardness<br />
4.3.9.1 Introduction. The Durometer (Shore D) hardness test (ASTM D2240) is used to determ<strong>in</strong>e<br />
the relative hardness <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t materials, such as thermoplastic and thermosett<strong>in</strong>g materials. This test<br />
measures the penetration <strong>of</strong> a specified <strong>in</strong>denter <strong>in</strong>to the subject material under predeterm<strong>in</strong>ed force and<br />
time. The Shore D hardness scale utilizes a weight <strong>of</strong> 10 lb (4,536 g) and a tip diameter <strong>of</strong> 0.1 mm. For<br />
the purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>in</strong>g the results, a Shore D hardness scale value <strong>of</strong> 50 represents the hardness <strong>of</strong> a<br />
solid tire (e.g., similar to those used by forklifts), while a value <strong>of</strong> 80 represents the hardness <strong>of</strong> papermak<strong>in</strong>g<br />
rollers.