Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

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Table 4-14. Geometric Data for Flexural Test Specimens (Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample) Sample Span Dimension Moment of Inertia ID (in.) (in. 4 W (in.) D (in.) ) 1 4 0.495 0.523 0.005901 2 4 0.512 0.500 0.005333 3 4 0.500 0.500 0.005208 4 4 0.496 0.532 0.006224 5 4 0.517 0.513 0.005816 Using the information in Table 4-14, the following figures were drawn: • Load data and deflection data at mid-point for all samples. • Flexural stress and strain graphs for all samples. Peak load, peak shear stress, and flexural modulus were obtained from the software ‘MtestW’ that operates the ADMET eXpert 2611 UTM. Peak bending stress is calculated from the peak load value achieved using the following formula. where = Bending stress P = Peak load L = Span length D = Depth of the specimen I = Moment of inertia of area Table 4-15. Flexural Test Results for Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample Location on Pipe Peak Load (lb) Peak Bending Stress (psi) 52 Peak Shear Stress (psi) Flexural Modulus (psi) 1 155 6,873 599 340,145 2 158 7,418 618 290,124 3 154 7,371 614 314,932 4 161 6,867 609 282,343 5 150 6,628 567 287,254 Average and Std. Dev. - 7,031±346 601±21 302,960±24,303
Figure 4-34. Flexural Stress-Strain Curves for Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample 4.3.7.2 Upstream Sample. Specimens were cut from the retrieved upstream CIPP liner and tested for flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity in the same manner as specimens from the downstream sample (Table 4-16). The results of testing are provided in Tables 4-17 and 4-18 and Figures 4-35 and 4-36. For this particular set of samples, the flexural test results, particularly the flexural modulus, were unusually low compared to the other samples tested in this project. It was decided to repeat a new set of five samples to see if an error in the testing procedures or a localized weak spot in the liner might have caused the low values. The original test results are termed “Set 1” and the repeated tests are termed “Set 2”. It can be seen that there is a significant difference between the two sets of results with the second set meeting all of the ASTM minimum values for a new liner and the first set meeting the peak bending stress value, but falling significantly below on the flexural modulus. It appears most likely that the area of the liner used for the first set of tests was of poorer quality than for the second set of tests. The interpretation of these results in comparison with the test results for all the retrospective sites is discussed in Section 6. Table 4-16. Geometric Data for Flexural Test Specimens for Denver 48-in. Upstream Sample Sample ID Span (in.) Dimension W (in.) D (in.) 53 Moment of Inertia (in. 4 ) 1 4 0.490 0.540 0.0064298 2 4 0.470 0.540 0.0061673 3 4 0.478 0.558 0.0069207 4 4 0.534 0.556 0.0076486 5 4 0.518 0.568 0.0079103
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EPA/600/R-12/004 | January 2012 | w
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DISCLAIMER The work reported in thi
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has bee
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samples had a flexural modulus valu
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CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...............
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4.3.10.2 Upstream Sample ..........
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9.2.2 Recommendations for Developme
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Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMP Asse
Page 19 and 20: 1.0: INTRODUCTION This report forms
Page 21 and 22: 1.2 Organization of the Report Foll
Page 23 and 24: Some sections of a sewer system may
Page 25 and 26: • The depth of the pipe below the
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-3 highlights the main diff
Page 29 and 30: The most commonly used resins are i
Page 31 and 32: the glass fiber. The tube, which is
Page 33 and 34: 3.0: DEVELOPMENT OF CIPP EVALUATION
Page 35 and 36: • The municipality would be willi
Page 37 and 38: • Measurements and/or physical sa
Page 39 and 40: Table 3-3. Laboratory Evaluation an
Page 41 and 42: 4.1 Introduction 4.0: CITY OF DENVE
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered
Page 45 and 46: Sample ID Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Si
Page 47 and 48: Location Table 4-5. Denver 8-in. Li
Page 49 and 50: Profile Plot Red - Steel tube Green
Page 51 and 52: Table 4-7. Results from Flexural Te
Page 53 and 54: 35 Table 4-9. Comparison of Test Da
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.12 Buckling Test. A steel mecha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pres
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.13 Shore D Hardness. Durometer
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 63 and 64: increases and the heat of cure decr
Page 65 and 66: In summary, CCTV inspection of thre
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 4
Page 69: 4.3.6.2 Downstream Sample. Seven sp
Page 73 and 74: Table 4-18. Flexural Test Results f
Page 75 and 76: 4.3.8.2 Upstream Sample. Specimens
Page 77 and 78: 4.3.10 Barcol Hardness 4.3.10.1 Dow
Page 79 and 80: 4.3.11.2 Downstream Sample. The Ram
Page 81 and 82: 5.1 Introduction 5.0: CITY OF COLUM
Page 83 and 84: April 16, 2010 The specimen was rec
Page 85 and 86: The resulting gradation curves are
Page 87 and 88: Table 5-4. Soil pH at Designated Lo
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5-8. Average Thickness at Di
Page 91 and 92: 5.2.12 Flexural Testing. Specimens
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5-14. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5-16. Tensile Stress-Strain
Page 97 and 98: 5.2.15 Buckling Test. A mechanical
Page 99 and 100: Figure 5-24. Localized Leak on the
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5-26. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 103 and 104: 5.3.3 Visual Inspection of Liner. I
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5-32. Ultrasonic Testing for
Page 107 and 108: Table 5-13. Geometric Data for Flex
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5-38. Shore D Hardness of Co
Page 111 and 112: 6.1 Introduction 6.0: REVIEW AND CO
Page 113 and 114: Overall, the liners appear to be ho
Page 115 and 116: age difference between the liners i
Page 117 and 118: Looking for correlations to the low
Page 119 and 120: A significantly lower range of Shor
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7.0: RECOMMENDED TEST PROTOCOL FOR
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combining this broadly available in
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Table 7-3. Overall Structure for a
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Table 8-2. CIPP and Other Rehabilit
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Table 8-5. Rehabilitation Specifica
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113 Table 8-9. Process Verification
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Göttingen Stadtentwässerung: Göt
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experience and quality, and do not
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km of pipe and 50-year-old pipes ar
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methods are detailed in the Guide t
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The business of pipeline rehabilita
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• Destructive testing (but will n
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In Denver, in CCTV inspections of n
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9.2 Recommendations for Future Work
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Falter, B. 1996. “Structural Anal
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Lehmann, M.A, J.P. Schroeder and C.
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APPENDIX A LIST OF TEST STANDARDS R
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The following table lists the non-A
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B.1 Introduction This study was con
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Mean thickness values for each cont
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APPENDIX C INTERNATIONAL STUDY INTE
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The original Insituform liner insta
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However, the figures published by O
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exfiltration and infiltration. Any
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STW uses CIPP for virtually all of
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method. Top hat repairs to junction
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All design and construction supervi
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Process verification test samples a
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consultant born out of the corporat
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BW continues to use CIPP, mainly in
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East, but has not yet had marked su
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D-1
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D-3
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D-5
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D-7
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