Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

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4.2.9 Specific Gravity and Porosity. For this liner, the specific gravity and porosity of the liner were measured using a mercury penetration test carried out by Micrometrics Analytical Services. The test data indicated that the bulk density (at 0.54 pounds per square in. absolute [psia]) was 1.0731 g/mL, the apparent skeletal density was 1.2762 g/mL and the porosity was 15.915%. The specific gravity was also measured by TTC with a higher value reported (1.159 ± 0.93 compared to the 1.0731 value measured in the mercury penetration test). The TTC value is closer to the specific gravity of 1.19 measured by Insituform on a sample sent to them for parallel testing (see Table 4-9). The full Micrometrics test reports for all the liners tested are included in Appendix C and the results are discussed further in Section 6. 4.2.10 Ovality. A profile plotter (Figure 4-7) was used to accurately map any deformation inside the liner. The system features a linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT) connected to a motorgear system that rotates around the inner circumference of the liner. An encoder system provides position information regarding the location around the pipe at which the data is taken. Figure 4-7. Profile Plotter Setup The liner was placed inside a circular polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube, as if it was inside a host pipe, and careful measurements were taken to ensure that the liner center was aligned with the measuring device. Next, the profile plotter was aligned with the center of the CIPP liner tube. Continuous readings were taken around the circumference of three cross-sections spaced 1 in. apart and averaged. The liner was found to be approximately circular with reference to its center (green line in Figure 4-8). On the spring line to spring line plane, the liner had a slightly larger diameter than on the crown-invert plane, most likely due to geometrical imperfections in the original host pipe. The percent ovality based on the ovality definition in ASTM F1216 is 5.07%. The red and blue lines are shown in connection with the liner buckling test that was carried out on this liner and which is described in Section 4.2.12. When a host and/or liner are oval in shape, the larger radius of curvature in the flatter section of the oval liner reduces the ability of the liner to resist external buckling pressures. This is taken into account in the design equations for the liner in ASTM F1216. When pipe ovality exceeds 5%, the structural impact on liner strength becomes more significant. 30
Profile Plot Red - Steel tube Green - Pre-buckling Blue - post-buckling 5 4 3 2 1 0 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 Figure 4-8. Ovality of the Denver 8-in. Liner (Average of Three Cross-Sections Spaced 1 in. Apart) 4.2.11 Flexural Testing and Tensile Testing. Flexural testing on specimens taken from the 8-in. Denver liner was carried out both by TTC and Insituform (the supplier of the original CIPP liner). The test preparations and results are described in detail for the TTC testing and these are then compared with the results provided by Insituform from their testing. At TTC, specimens as described in ASTM D790 and D638 were cut from the crown, spring line, and invert of the retrieved CIPP liner using a router and a band saw. A total of nine specimens were prepared and tested (three from each location). The sides of specimens were smoothed using a grinder. The water jet cutter could not be used as the dimensions of the liner cutouts were too small to hold inside the cutting board. The specimens were marked as shown in Figure 4-9 and Table 4-6. The laboratory set-ups for the flexural and tensile testing are shown in Figures 4-10 and 4-11, respectively. The results of the flexural and tensile testing for the Denver 8-in. liner are summarized in Tables 4-7 to 4-9 and Figures 4-12 to 4- 13. 31
Page 1 and 2: EPA/600/R-12/004 | January 2012 | w
Page 3 and 4: DISCLAIMER The work reported in thi
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has bee
Page 7 and 8: samples had a flexural modulus valu
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...............
Page 11 and 12: 4.3.10.2 Upstream Sample ..........
Page 13 and 14: 9.2.2 Recommendations for Developme
Page 15 and 16: Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the
Page 17 and 18: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMP Asse
Page 19 and 20: 1.0: INTRODUCTION This report forms
Page 21 and 22: 1.2 Organization of the Report Foll
Page 23 and 24: Some sections of a sewer system may
Page 25 and 26: • The depth of the pipe below the
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-3 highlights the main diff
Page 29 and 30: The most commonly used resins are i
Page 31 and 32: the glass fiber. The tube, which is
Page 33 and 34: 3.0: DEVELOPMENT OF CIPP EVALUATION
Page 35 and 36: • The municipality would be willi
Page 37 and 38: • Measurements and/or physical sa
Page 39 and 40: Table 3-3. Laboratory Evaluation an
Page 41 and 42: 4.1 Introduction 4.0: CITY OF DENVE
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered
Page 45 and 46: Sample ID Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Si
Page 47: Location Table 4-5. Denver 8-in. Li
Page 51 and 52: Table 4-7. Results from Flexural Te
Page 53 and 54: 35 Table 4-9. Comparison of Test Da
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.12 Buckling Test. A steel mecha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pres
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.13 Shore D Hardness. Durometer
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 63 and 64: increases and the heat of cure decr
Page 65 and 66: In summary, CCTV inspection of thre
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 4
Page 69 and 70: 4.3.6.2 Downstream Sample. Seven sp
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4-34. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 73 and 74: Table 4-18. Flexural Test Results f
Page 75 and 76: 4.3.8.2 Upstream Sample. Specimens
Page 77 and 78: 4.3.10 Barcol Hardness 4.3.10.1 Dow
Page 79 and 80: 4.3.11.2 Downstream Sample. The Ram
Page 81 and 82: 5.1 Introduction 5.0: CITY OF COLUM
Page 83 and 84: April 16, 2010 The specimen was rec
Page 85 and 86: The resulting gradation curves are
Page 87 and 88: Table 5-4. Soil pH at Designated Lo
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5-8. Average Thickness at Di
Page 91 and 92: 5.2.12 Flexural Testing. Specimens
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5-14. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5-16. Tensile Stress-Strain
Page 97 and 98: 5.2.15 Buckling Test. A mechanical
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Figure 5-24. Localized Leak on the
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Figure 5-26. Barcol Hardness Readin
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5.3.3 Visual Inspection of Liner. I
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Figure 5-32. Ultrasonic Testing for
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Table 5-13. Geometric Data for Flex
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Figure 5-38. Shore D Hardness of Co
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6.1 Introduction 6.0: REVIEW AND CO
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Overall, the liners appear to be ho
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age difference between the liners i
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Looking for correlations to the low
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A significantly lower range of Shor
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7.0: RECOMMENDED TEST PROTOCOL FOR
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combining this broadly available in
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Table 7-3. Overall Structure for a
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Table 8-2. CIPP and Other Rehabilit
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Table 8-5. Rehabilitation Specifica
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113 Table 8-9. Process Verification
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Göttingen Stadtentwässerung: Göt
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experience and quality, and do not
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km of pipe and 50-year-old pipes ar
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methods are detailed in the Guide t
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The business of pipeline rehabilita
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• Destructive testing (but will n
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In Denver, in CCTV inspections of n
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9.2 Recommendations for Future Work
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Falter, B. 1996. “Structural Anal
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Lehmann, M.A, J.P. Schroeder and C.
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APPENDIX A LIST OF TEST STANDARDS R
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The following table lists the non-A
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B.1 Introduction This study was con
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Mean thickness values for each cont
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APPENDIX C INTERNATIONAL STUDY INTE
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The original Insituform liner insta
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However, the figures published by O
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exfiltration and infiltration. Any
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STW uses CIPP for virtually all of
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method. Top hat repairs to junction
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All design and construction supervi
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Process verification test samples a
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consultant born out of the corporat
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BW continues to use CIPP, mainly in
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East, but has not yet had marked su
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D-1
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D-3
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D-5
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D-7
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D-9
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D-11
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