Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

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4.2.4 Locations of Soil Samples. The trench was divided into six regions (Figure 4-3) for soil sampling. Soil samples collected from each region were placed in airtight bags to avoid foreign contamination and/or loss of moisture. The samples were numbered as shown in Table 4-1. Figure 4-3. Location of Soil Sample Collection Place (Denver 8-in. Site) Table 4-1. Designation of Collected Soil Samples for Denver 8-in. Site Soil Sample Location Sample ID Sub-grade 1 2 ft below sub-grade 2 4 ft below sub-grade 3 Just above crown 4 Bedding along the spring line 5 Bedding under the invert 6 4.2.5 Analysis of Soil Samples. Standard test methods ASTM C136 and ASTM C128 were followed to classify the soil and determine its particle size distribution. In addition to those tests, the pH of the soil samples was measured using a pH meter. 4.2.5.1 Particle Size Distribution. ASTM C136, a standard testing method used for performing sieve analysis on geological material, was followed for the particle size distribution analysis. Based on visual inspection, soil samples were categorized as fine aggregates. For this analysis, 500 g of soil material was taken from each of the six soil samples and placed on a No. 4 sieve. For all samples, more than 90% of the particles passed through a No. 4 (4.76 mm) sieve, suggesting that the analysis procedure for fine aggregates should be followed. The resulting gradation curves are shown in Figure 4-4. Based on grain size distribution, both the backfill and bedding soils can be considered to be sandy soils. The steep slopes of the resulting gradation curves for the samples taken from the spring line and invert elevations suggest that the bedding material consists of uniform (poorly-graded) soil. For the other locations, the gradation of soil was determined to be a fair-graded material. Review of bore logs collected as part of utility construction projects performed in nearby areas revealed that the native soil in the top 5 ft consist of sandy-silt underlying by gravelly sand (between 5 ft and 12 ft). 4.2.5.2 Soil Specific Gravity and Absorption. ASTM C128 standard method was used to calculate the density, relative density, and absorption of fine aggregates. Soil material weighing 500 g was taken from each of the six samples for the needed tests. The results are listed in Table 4-2. 4.2.5.3 Soil Moisture Content. ASTM D2216 is a test method used to determine the moisture content in soils and rocks by mass. Samples weighing 1,000 g from each of the six locations were placed in an oven for a period of 24 hr. After 24 hr, the soil samples were weighed and returned to the oven for an additional 24 hr period. The process was repeated until the difference between two subsequent measured weights was less than 1 g. At this point the soil was assumed to be moisture free. Moisture content values for the six soil samples are listed in Table 4-3. 26
Sample ID Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Size Distribution (Denver 8-in. Site) Table 4-2. Soil Specific Gravity and Absorption (Denver 8-in. Site) Soil (g) Bulk Specific Gravity (OD)* Bulk Specific Gravity (SSD)** 27 Apparent Specific Gravity Absorption (%) 1 500 2.04 2.25 2.59 10.40 2 500 1.94 2.14 2.41 9.99 3 500 1.96 2.17 2.48 10.77 4 500 1.95 2.09 2.27 7.25 5 500 1.94 2.07 2.22 6.32 6 500 2.24 2.36 2.56 5.62 *OD: Oven dry. ** SSD: Saturated surface dry. Table 4-3. Soil Moisture Content (Denver 8-in. Site) Sample ID % Moisture Content 1 9.59 2 8.99 3 9.51 4 6.85 5 6.37 6 5.59
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Page 3 and 4: DISCLAIMER The work reported in thi
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has bee
Page 7 and 8: samples had a flexural modulus valu
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...............
Page 11 and 12: 4.3.10.2 Upstream Sample ..........
Page 13 and 14: 9.2.2 Recommendations for Developme
Page 15 and 16: Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the
Page 17 and 18: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMP Asse
Page 19 and 20: 1.0: INTRODUCTION This report forms
Page 21 and 22: 1.2 Organization of the Report Foll
Page 23 and 24: Some sections of a sewer system may
Page 25 and 26: • The depth of the pipe below the
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-3 highlights the main diff
Page 29 and 30: The most commonly used resins are i
Page 31 and 32: the glass fiber. The tube, which is
Page 33 and 34: 3.0: DEVELOPMENT OF CIPP EVALUATION
Page 35 and 36: • The municipality would be willi
Page 37 and 38: • Measurements and/or physical sa
Page 39 and 40: Table 3-3. Laboratory Evaluation an
Page 41 and 42: 4.1 Introduction 4.0: CITY OF DENVE
Page 43: Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered
Page 47 and 48: Location Table 4-5. Denver 8-in. Li
Page 49 and 50: Profile Plot Red - Steel tube Green
Page 51 and 52: Table 4-7. Results from Flexural Te
Page 53 and 54: 35 Table 4-9. Comparison of Test Da
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.12 Buckling Test. A steel mecha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pres
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.13 Shore D Hardness. Durometer
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 63 and 64: increases and the heat of cure decr
Page 65 and 66: In summary, CCTV inspection of thre
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 4
Page 69 and 70: 4.3.6.2 Downstream Sample. Seven sp
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4-34. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 73 and 74: Table 4-18. Flexural Test Results f
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Page 81 and 82: 5.1 Introduction 5.0: CITY OF COLUM
Page 83 and 84: April 16, 2010 The specimen was rec
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Page 87 and 88: Table 5-4. Soil pH at Designated Lo
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5-8. Average Thickness at Di
Page 91 and 92: 5.2.12 Flexural Testing. Specimens
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Figure 5-16. Tensile Stress-Strain
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5.2.15 Buckling Test. A mechanical
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Figure 5-24. Localized Leak on the
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Figure 5-26. Barcol Hardness Readin
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5.3.3 Visual Inspection of Liner. I
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Figure 5-32. Ultrasonic Testing for
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Table 5-13. Geometric Data for Flex
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Figure 5-38. Shore D Hardness of Co
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6.1 Introduction 6.0: REVIEW AND CO
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Overall, the liners appear to be ho
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age difference between the liners i
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Looking for correlations to the low
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A significantly lower range of Shor
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7.0: RECOMMENDED TEST PROTOCOL FOR
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combining this broadly available in
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Table 7-3. Overall Structure for a
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Table 8-2. CIPP and Other Rehabilit
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Table 8-5. Rehabilitation Specifica
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113 Table 8-9. Process Verification
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Göttingen Stadtentwässerung: Göt
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experience and quality, and do not
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km of pipe and 50-year-old pipes ar
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methods are detailed in the Guide t
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The business of pipeline rehabilita
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• Destructive testing (but will n
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In Denver, in CCTV inspections of n
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9.2 Recommendations for Future Work
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Falter, B. 1996. “Structural Anal
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Lehmann, M.A, J.P. Schroeder and C.
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APPENDIX A LIST OF TEST STANDARDS R
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The following table lists the non-A
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B.1 Introduction This study was con
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Mean thickness values for each cont
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APPENDIX C INTERNATIONAL STUDY INTE
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The original Insituform liner insta
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However, the figures published by O
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exfiltration and infiltration. Any
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STW uses CIPP for virtually all of
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method. Top hat repairs to junction
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All design and construction supervi
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Process verification test samples a
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consultant born out of the corporat
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BW continues to use CIPP, mainly in
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East, but has not yet had marked su
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