Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the Columbus 8-in. Liner ..................................................................... 84
Figure 5-28. Cutting Out the Columbus 36-in. Liner Sample ................................................................. 85
Figure 5-29. The Exhumed Sample (Columbus 36-in. Liner) ................................................................ 85
Figure 5-30. Images of the Recovered Columbus 36-in. Specimen ........................................................ 85
Figure 5-31. Annular Space Measurements Around the Sample Removal Area (Columbus 36-in.
Liner) .................................................................................................................................. 86
Figure 5-32. Ultrasonic Testing for Measuring Liner Thickness in the Field ......................................... 87
Figure 5-33. Caliper Measurements of Columbus 36-in. Sample ........................................................... 87
Figure 5-34. Field Measurements of Thickness for Columbus 36-in. Liner ........................................... 87
Figure 5-35. Laboratory Measurements of Thickness for the Columbus 36-in. Liner ............................ 88
Figure 5-36. Flexural Stress-Strain Curves (Columbus 8-in. Liner) ....................................................... 89
Figure 5-37. Tensile Stress-Strain Curves (Columbus 36-in. Liner) ....................................................... 90
Figure 5-38. Shore D Hardness of Columbus 36-in. Liner Sample ........................................................ 91
Figure 5-39. Barcol Hardness Readings on Inner and Outer Surfaces (Columbus 36-in. Liner) ............ 91
Figure 5-40. Raman Spectroscopy Plots (Columbus 36-in. Liner) ......................................................... 92
Figure 8-1. Total Number of Sewer Collapses per Annum ................................................................. 119
Figure 8-2. Rate of Collapses by Pipe Age ......................................................................................... 119
Figure 8-3. Annual Rehabilitation Construction 1986-2009 ............................................................... 121
Figure 8-4. Installations Categorized by Method and Diameter for 2009 ........................................... 122
TABLES
Table 2-1. CIPP Products Available in the U.S. in 1990 and Their Characteristics ................................ 6
Table 2-2. Key ASTM Standards Covering CIPP Installations .............................................................. 7
Table 3-1. Potential Evaluation Strategies for Liner Deterioration ....................................................... 15
Table 3-2. Field Measurement Plans ..................................................................................................... 20
Table 3-3. Laboratory Evaluation and Measurement Plans ................................................................... 21
Table 3-4. Additional Testing/Evaluation Concepts Considered .......................................................... 22
Table 4-1. Designation of Collected Soil Samples for Denver 8-in. Site .............................................. 26
Table 4-2. Soil Specific Gravity and Absorption (Denver 8-in. Site) ................................................... 27
Table 4-3. Soil Moisture Content (Denver 8-in. Site) ........................................................................... 27
Table 4-4. Soil pH at Designated Locations and Sewage pH (Denver 8-in. Site) ................................. 28
Table 4-5. Denver 8-in. Liner Annular Gap Measurements .................................................................. 29
Table 4-6. Marking of Specimens (Denver 8-in. Liner) ........................................................................ 32
Table 4-7. Results from Flexural Testing (Denver 8-in. Liner) ............................................................ 33
Table 4-8. Results from Tensile Testing (Denver 8-in. Liner) .............................................................. 33
Table 4-9. Comparison of Test Data from TTC and Insituform ............................................................ 35
Table 4-10. Perkin Elmer Diamond DSC Testing Parameters ................................................................ 45
Table 4-11. Gravimetric Data for DSC Test (Denver 8-in. Liner) .......................................................... 45
Table 4-12. Sample Tg Determination (Denver 8-in. Liner) ................................................................... 46
Table 4-13. Historic Sampling Results for the CIPP Liner Tested in 1995 (Denver 48-in. Liner) ......... 48
Table 4-14. Geometric Data for Flexural Test Specimens (Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample) .......... 52
Table 4-15. Flexural Test Results for Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample ............................................. 52
Table 4-16. Geometric Data for Flexural Test Specimens for Denver 48-in. Upstream Sample ............ 53
Table 4-17. Flexural Test Results for Denver 48-in. Upstream Samples (Set 1) .................................... 54
Table 4-18. Flexural Test Results for Denver 48-in. Upstream Samples (Set 2) .................................... 55
Table 4-19. Tensile Test Results for Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample .............................................. 56
Table 4-20. Tensile Test Results for Denver 48-in. Upstream Sample ................................................... 57
Table 4-21. Comparison of 1995 and 2010 Test Results for the Denver 48-in. Liner ............................ 62
Table 5-1. Designation of Collected Soil Samples (Columbus 8-in. Site) ............................................ 66
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