Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

Figure 4-32. ASTM D792 Setup ............................................................................................................. 50
Figure 4-33. Flexural Test in Accordance with ASTM D790 ................................................................. 51
Figure 4-34. Flexural Stress-Strain Curves for Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample .............................. 53
Figure 4-35. Flexural Stress-Strain Curves for the Denver 48-in. Upstream Liner (Set 1) ..................... 54
Figure 4-36. Flexural Stress-Strain Curves for Denver 48-in. Upstream Liner (Set 2) .......................... 55
Figure 4-37. Tensile Specimens for Denver 48-in. Upstream Sample: Before the Test (Left) and
Following the Test (Right) ................................................................................................. 56
Figure 4-38. Stress-Strain Curves from Tensile Testing for Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample .......... 56
Figure 4-39. Stress-Strain Curves from Tensile Testing of Denver 48-in. Upstream Samples .............. 57
Figure 4-40. Shore D Hardness for Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample ................................................ 58
Figure 4-41. Shore D Hardness for Denver 48-in. Upstream Sample ..................................................... 58
Figure 4-42. Original Outer Surface (Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample) ........................................... 59
Figure 4-43. Smoothed Outer Surface (Top Row) and Inner Surface (Bottom Row) (Denver 48-in.
Downstream Sample) ......................................................................................................... 59
Figure 4-44. Barcol Hardness Tester, Taking a Measurement ................................................................ 59
Figure 4-45. Barcol Hardness Test Setup ................................................................................................ 59
Figure 4-46. Barcol Hardness of Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample .................................................... 60
Figure 4-47. Barcol Hardness of Denver 48-in. Upstream Sample ......................................................... 60
Figure 4-48. Raman Spectroscopy Plots (Denver 48-in. Downstream) .................................................. 61
Figure 4-49. Raman Spectroscopy Plots (Denver 48-in. Upstream) ....................................................... 61
Figure 5-1. Images of the Recovered Specimen (Columbus 8-in. Liner) ............................................. 65
Figure 5-2. Images of the Inner Surface of the 5-year Old Columbus 8-in. Liner ................................ 65
Figure 5-3. Location of Soil Samples (Columbus 8-in. Site) ................................................................ 66
Figure 5-4. Collected In-Situ Soil Samples (Columbus 8-in. Site) ....................................................... 66
Figure 5-5. Grain Size Distribution of Soil Samples (Columbus 8-in. Liner Site) ............................... 67
Figure 5-6. Measurement of pH (Columbus 8-in. Soil Samples) .......................................................... 68
Figure 5-7. Histogram of Annular Gap Measurements (Columbus 8-in. Liner) ................................... 70
Figure 5-8. Average Thickness at Different Locations (Columbus 8-in. Liner) ................................... 71
Figure 5-9. Electronic Level Used to Position Horizontally the Pipe (Left) and the Profile Plotter
(Right) ................................................................................................................................ 71
Figure 5-10. Profile Plotting with LVDT Rotating on the Inner Circumference: Close Up (Left)
and Complete View (Right) ................................................................................................ 72
Figure 5-11. Profile Plot of Steel Host Pipe and Liner Before and After the Buckling Test
(Columbus 8-in. Liner) ....................................................................................................... 72
Figure 5-12. Flexural Test Specimens (ASTM D790): Before Test (Left) and After Test (Right) ........ 73
Figure 5-13. Flexural Testing in Accordance with ASTM D790 ............................................................ 73
Figure 5-14. Flexural Stress-Strain Curves for Crown, Spring Line, and Invert Samples (Columbus
8-in. Liner) .......................................................................................................................... 75
Figure 5-15. Tensile Specimens for Columbus 8-in. Liner: Before the Test (Left) and Following
the Test (Right) ................................................................................................................... 76
Figure 5-16. Tensile Stress-Strain Curves for Crown, Spring Line and Invert (Columbus 8-in.) .......... 77
Figure 5-17. Drawing of the Pressure Cap Used ..................................................................................... 79
Figure 5-18. Placement of Liner Inside the Host Pipe ............................................................................ 79
Figure 5-19. Experimental Setup ............................................................................................................ 79
Figure 5-20. High Pressure Pump ........................................................................................................... 80
Figure 5-21. Pressure Gauges Connected on the Tube ........................................................................... 80
Figure 5-22. Pressure on the Liner During Buckling Test ...................................................................... 80
Figure 5-23. Pressure Gauge Showing Pressure of 40 psi Applied on the Liner .................................... 80
Figure 5-24. Localized Leak on the Liner – Green Spots Due to Green Food Color ............................. 81
Figure 5-25. Shore D Hardness Readings on Inner and Outer Surfaces (Columbus 8-in. Liner) ........... 82
Figure 5-26. Barcol Hardness Readings on Inner and Outer Surfaces (Columbus 8-in. Liner) .............. 83
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