Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

9.2.2 Recommendations for Development and Calibration of NDT Protocols .................... 129
10.0: REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 130
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: List of Test Standards Referenced
APPENDIX B: Investigation of Ultrasonic Measurements for CIPP Thickness
APPENDIX C: International Study Interview Reports
APPENDIX D: Mercury Penetration Porosity Test Reports
FIGURES
Figure 2-1. Rehabilitation Approaches for Sewer Mainlines .................................................................. 4
Figure 2-2. CIPP Installation Options: Liner Pull-in (Left) and Liner Inversion (Right) ....................... 8
Figure 2-3. Summary of Common CIPP Technologies .......................................................................... 9
Figure 2-4. UV Light Curing Train ....................................................................................................... 12
Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered Specimen ................................................................................... 25
Figure 4-2. Images of the Inner Surface of the 25-year Old, 6-ft Long CIPP Liner Section ................ 25
Figure 4-3. Location of Soil Sample Collection Place (Denver 8-in Site) ............................................ 26
Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Size Distribution (Denver 8-in. Site) ................................................................ 27
Figure 4-5. Measurement of pH Using a pH Meter .............................................................................. 28
Figure 4-6. Average Thickness at Different Locations on the Liner ..................................................... 29
Figure 4-7. Profile Plotter Setup ........................................................................................................... 30
Figure 4-8. Ovality of the Denver 8-in. Liner ....................................................................................... 31
Figure 4-9. Liner Specimens - Bending (Left) and Tensile (Right) (Denver 8-in. Liner) ..................... 32
Figure 4-10. Flexural Testing in Accordance with ASTM D790 ............................................................ 32
Figure 4-11. Tensile Testing Specimens Before (Left) and After the Test (Right) ................................ 32
Figure 4-12. Stress-Strain Curves from Flexural Testing of Specimens (Denver 8-in. Liner) ............... 34
Figure 4-13. Stress-Strain Curves from Tensile Testing of Specimens (Denver 8-in. Liner) ................. 36
Figure 4-14. Machined Mechanical Tube (Left) and a Threaded Hole on the Tube (Right) .................. 37
Figure 4-15. Liner Inside the Pipe and Beveling of the Liner ................................................................. 37
Figure 4-17. Experimental Setup Showing the Threaded Rod ................................................................ 37
Figure 4-16. Drawing of a Pressure Cap ................................................................................................. 38
Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pressure Application Installed on the System ...................................... 39
Figure 4-19. Nitrogen Gas Pressure Bladder System for Supplying the Test Pressure .......................... 39
Figure 4-20. Profile Plotting – LVDT Rotating on the Inner Circumference ......................................... 39
Figure 4-21. Pressure on the Liner at Intervals During the Test ............................................................. 40
Figure 4-22. Localized Leak on the Liner – Green Spots Due to Green Food Color ............................. 40
Figure 4-23. Shore D Hardness Readings for the Liner’s Inner and Outer Surfaces (Denver 8-in.
Liner) .................................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readings for the Liner’s Inner and Outer Surfaces ................................. 43
Figure 4-25. Raman Spectra (Denver 8-in. Liner) .................................................................................. 44
Figure 4-26. Layout and 2010 Sample Locations for the Denver 48-in. Liner ....................................... 47
Figure 4-27. Images of the Recovered Samples from the Denver 48-in. Liner ...................................... 48
Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 48-in. Downstream Sample ............................................................. 49
Figure 4-29. Thickness for Denver 48-in. Upstream Sample .................................................................. 49
Figure 4-30. Weighing Scale, Model Mettler PM200 ............................................................................. 50
Figure 4-31. Wire Basket and Thermometer ........................................................................................... 50
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