Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

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The French and German utilities interviewed have switched in recent years to almost exclusive use of UV-cured CIPP methods. These are considered to be better controlled and to benefit from factory impregnation, which is more readily supervised than site impregnation. Monitoring of the installation is also considered to be easier and more thorough. They also tend to let term contracts to single contractors who can meet specific experience criteria, rather than going to open competitive tender for each project. The UV-cured methods have taken a dominant share of the CIPP market in Germany, which are both the largest market in Europe and the technology leader. The U.K. utilities interviewed also place contracts for a five-year Asset Management Period (AMP) with a single or small number of selected contractors. This is intended to ensure that better quality installation is achieved. In Singapore, there has been relatively little usage of UV-cured methods; air inversion and steam curing appears to dominate. Epoxy resins are also used for all rehabilitation at diameters up to and including 225 mm (9 in.) despite its contractors experiencing difficulties in controlling the mixed resin in a tropical climate. Thames Water is the other utility that has selectively specified epoxy resin systems, with polyester resin continuing to be the dominant resin used. Brisbane Water (now Queensland Urban Utilities) is the only other utility surveyed in a tropical or semi-tropical region, and makes only limited use of CIPP because of the difficulty of controlling the curing of the resins used. Experience of using short liners, top hats or similar for connections, and lateral lining is shown in Table 8-4. Table 8-4. Usage of Other CIPP Materials Utility Short Liners Top Hats or Similar Lateral Lining Thames Water Some Few Little Severn Trent Water Not known Not known Not known Agglomeration de Chartres No No No Agglomeration des Hauts-de-Bièvre Tried, no longer Tried, no longer 4 – 5km used used Göttingen Stadtentwässerung Tried, no longer Tried, no longer 6km used used Technische Betriebe der Stadt Tried, no longer Tried, no longer No Leverkusen Public Utilities Board Singapore No 9,000 km No Queensland Urban Utilities 660 km 120 km 330 km Sydney Water 200 km No No used Many utilities state that they no longer use either short liners or top hats, based on negative experience with them. Short liners need to adhere to the host pipe and not shrink, so epoxy resins are used. Nevertheless utilities have experienced problems with the short liners being damaged by high pressure water jetting. 8.3 Specifications and Design 110 used The use of specifications by the participating utilities is shown in Table 8-5.
Table 8-5. Rehabilitation Specifications Utility Specification Thames Water BS13566 Part 4 Severn Trent Water Not known. Design to Water Industry Specifications (WIS) 4-34-04 and Water Research Centre (WRc) Sewer Rehabilitation Manual (SRM) Agglomeration de Chartres Own performance specification Agglomeration des Hauts-de- None. Design to Association Scientifique et Technique pour l’Eau et Bièvre l’Environnement (ASTEE) method. Göttingen Stadtentwässerung Own specification Technische Betriebe der Stadt Leverkusen Own specification Public Utilities Board Singapore Own specification based on WIS 4-34-04 Queensland Urban Utilities EN13566 Part 4 Sydney Water EPS 01 – Small sewers based on AS 2566 and ASTM F1216 EPS 03 – Large sewers based on AS 2566 and ASTM F1216F EPS 09 – Oviform sewers based on WRc Manual Among the utilities with their own specifications, there are significant differences in the characteristics specified for type testing. Table 8-6 shows the type tests specified. Table 8-6. Type Testing Required in Specifications Utility Characteristics for Type Testing Thames Water Per BS EN 13566. 10,000 hour creep, strain corrosion, Thames’ own infiltration test Severn Trent Water Not known. Agglomeration de Chartres Not known Agglomeration des Hauts-de-Bièvre None. Design verification only Göttingen Stadtentwässerung Creep resistance, tensile modulus, bending modulus. Minimum wall thickness is 6mm irrespective of design requirements Technische Betriebe der Stadt Creep resistance, tensile modulus, bending modulus. Minimum wall Leverkusen thickness is 5mm irrespective of design requirements Public Utilities Board Singapore Flexural strength, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, density, Barcol hardness Queensland Urban Utilities ISO 175; Darmstadt Abrasion Test; DIN 19253; Jetting Resistance Test; EN 1542; EN1055. Sydney Water Long term flexural modulus –manufacturers’ data Structural design of CIPP liners is most commonly undertaken by the contractor. Thames Water performs random in-house design checks, as does Sydney Water. Queensland Urban Utilities and PUB Singapore do some design in house and have some done by the contractors, and Göttingen has all design done by an independent consulting engineer. All the others have design undertaken by the installing contractor. 8.4 Preparation and Supervision All of the utilities interviewed agreed that preparation and supervision are critical elements in achieving a successful installation. Their importance had generally been learned through bad experiences when either or both had been inadequate. Table 8-7 shows the different approaches to preparation and supervision. 111
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EPA/600/R-12/004 | January 2012 | w
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DISCLAIMER The work reported in thi
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has bee
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samples had a flexural modulus valu
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CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...............
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4.3.10.2 Upstream Sample ..........
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9.2.2 Recommendations for Developme
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Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMP Asse
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1.0: INTRODUCTION This report forms
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1.2 Organization of the Report Foll
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Some sections of a sewer system may
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• The depth of the pipe below the
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Figure 2-3 highlights the main diff
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The most commonly used resins are i
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the glass fiber. The tube, which is
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3.0: DEVELOPMENT OF CIPP EVALUATION
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• The municipality would be willi
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• Measurements and/or physical sa
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Table 3-3. Laboratory Evaluation an
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4.1 Introduction 4.0: CITY OF DENVE
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Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered
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Sample ID Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Si
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Location Table 4-5. Denver 8-in. Li
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Profile Plot Red - Steel tube Green
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Table 4-7. Results from Flexural Te
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35 Table 4-9. Comparison of Test Da
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4.2.12 Buckling Test. A steel mecha
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Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pres
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4.2.13 Shore D Hardness. Durometer
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Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readin
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increases and the heat of cure decr
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In summary, CCTV inspection of thre
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Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 4
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4.3.6.2 Downstream Sample. Seven sp
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Figure 4-34. Flexural Stress-Strain
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Table 4-18. Flexural Test Results f
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4.3.8.2 Upstream Sample. Specimens
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Page 81 and 82: 5.1 Introduction 5.0: CITY OF COLUM
Page 83 and 84: April 16, 2010 The specimen was rec
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Page 87 and 88: Table 5-4. Soil pH at Designated Lo
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5-8. Average Thickness at Di
Page 91 and 92: 5.2.12 Flexural Testing. Specimens
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5-14. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5-16. Tensile Stress-Strain
Page 97 and 98: 5.2.15 Buckling Test. A mechanical
Page 99 and 100: Figure 5-24. Localized Leak on the
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5-26. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 103 and 104: 5.3.3 Visual Inspection of Liner. I
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5-32. Ultrasonic Testing for
Page 107 and 108: Table 5-13. Geometric Data for Flex
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5-38. Shore D Hardness of Co
Page 111 and 112: 6.1 Introduction 6.0: REVIEW AND CO
Page 113 and 114: Overall, the liners appear to be ho
Page 115 and 116: age difference between the liners i
Page 117 and 118: Looking for correlations to the low
Page 119 and 120: A significantly lower range of Shor
Page 121 and 122: 7.0: RECOMMENDED TEST PROTOCOL FOR
Page 123 and 124: combining this broadly available in
Page 125 and 126: Table 7-3. Overall Structure for a
Page 127: Table 8-2. CIPP and Other Rehabilit
Page 131 and 132: 113 Table 8-9. Process Verification
Page 133 and 134: Göttingen Stadtentwässerung: Göt
Page 135 and 136: experience and quality, and do not
Page 137 and 138: km of pipe and 50-year-old pipes ar
Page 139 and 140: methods are detailed in the Guide t
Page 141 and 142: The business of pipeline rehabilita
Page 143 and 144: • Destructive testing (but will n
Page 145 and 146: In Denver, in CCTV inspections of n
Page 147 and 148: 9.2 Recommendations for Future Work
Page 149 and 150: Falter, B. 1996. “Structural Anal
Page 151 and 152: Lehmann, M.A, J.P. Schroeder and C.
Page 153 and 154: APPENDIX A LIST OF TEST STANDARDS R
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Page 157 and 158: B.1 Introduction This study was con
Page 159 and 160: Mean thickness values for each cont
Page 161 and 162: APPENDIX C INTERNATIONAL STUDY INTE
Page 163 and 164: The original Insituform liner insta
Page 165 and 166: However, the figures published by O
Page 167 and 168: exfiltration and infiltration. Any
Page 169 and 170: STW uses CIPP for virtually all of
Page 171 and 172: method. Top hat repairs to junction
Page 173 and 174: All design and construction supervi
Page 175 and 176: Process verification test samples a
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BW continues to use CIPP, mainly in
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East, but has not yet had marked su
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