Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

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3.3.6 Evaluation of Results ..................................................................................................... 19 3.4 Test Plans and Quality Assurance .............................................................................................. 19 3.4.1 Additional Testing Concepts ......................................................................................... 22 4.0: CITY OF DENVER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ........................................................................ 23 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 23 4.2 Site 1: 25-year Old CIPP Liner in an 8-in. Clay Pipe ................................................................. 23 4.2.1 Host Pipe and Liner Information ................................................................................... 23 4.2.2 Timeline for Fieldwork .................................................................................................. 24 4.2.3 Visual Inspection of the Liner ....................................................................................... 25 4.2.4 Locations of Soil Samples ............................................................................................. 26 4.2.5 Analysis of Soil Samples ............................................................................................... 26 4.2.5.1 Particle Size Distribution .............................................................................. 26 4.2.5.2 Soil Specific Gravity and Absorption ........................................................... 26 4.2.5.3 Soil Moisture Content ................................................................................... 26 4.2.6 Measurement of Acidity and Alkalinity, pH ................................................................. 28 4.2.7 Annular Gap .................................................................................................................. 28 4.2.8 Liner Thickness ............................................................................................................. 29 4.2.9 Specific Gravity and Porosity ........................................................................................ 30 4.2.10 Ovality ........................................................................................................................... 30 4.2.11 Flexural Testing and Tensile Testing ............................................................................ 31 4.2.12 Buckling Test ................................................................................................................. 37 4.2.13 Shore D Hardness .......................................................................................................... 41 4.2.14 Barcol Hardness ............................................................................................................. 41 4.2.15 Raman Spectroscopy ..................................................................................................... 44 4.2.16 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) ..................................................................... 44 4.2.17 CCTV Inspection of Area Sewers for Denver 8-in. Site ............................................... 46 4.3 Site 2: 48 in. Equivalent Diameter Egg-Shaped Brick Sewer ................................................... 47 4.3.1 Host Pipe and Liner Information ................................................................................... 47 4.3.2 Sample Removed and Tested in 1995 ........................................................................... 47 4.3.3 Sample Retrieval in 2010 .............................................................................................. 48 4.3.4 Annular Gap .................................................................................................................. 48 4.3.5 Liner Thickness ............................................................................................................. 48 4.3.5.1 Downstream Sample ..................................................................................... 48 4.3.5.2 Upstream Sample .......................................................................................... 49 4.3.6 Specific Gravity and Porosity ........................................................................................ 50 4.3.6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 50 4.3.6.2 Downstream Sample ..................................................................................... 51 4.3.6.3 Upstream Sample .......................................................................................... 51 4.3.7 Flexural Testing ............................................................................................................. 51 4.3.7.1 Downstream Sample ..................................................................................... 51 4.3.7.2 Upstream Sample .......................................................................................... 53 4.3.8 Tensile Testing .............................................................................................................. 55 4.3.8.1 Downstream Sample ..................................................................................... 55 4.3.8.2 Upstream Sample .......................................................................................... 57 4.3.9 Shore D Hardness .......................................................................................................... 57 4.3.9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 57 4.3.9.2 Downstream Sample ..................................................................................... 58 4.3.9.3 Upstream Sample .......................................................................................... 58 4.3.10 Barcol Hardness ............................................................................................................. 59 4.3.10.1 Downstream Sample ..................................................................................... 59 ix
4.3.10.2 Upstream Sample .......................................................................................... 60 4.3.11 Raman Spectroscopy ..................................................................................................... 60 4.3.11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 60 4.3.11.2 Downstream Sample ..................................................................................... 61 4.3.11.3 Upstream Sample .......................................................................................... 61 4.3.12 Comparison of 1995 and 2010 Test Results .................................................................. 62 5.0: CITY OF COLUMBUS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY .................................................................. 63 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 63 5.2 Site 1: 5-year Old CIPP Liner in 8-in. Clay Pipe........................................................................ 63 5.2.1 Host Pipe and Liner Information ................................................................................... 63 5.2.2 Timeline for Fieldwork .................................................................................................. 64 5.2.3 Visual Inspection of Liner ............................................................................................. 65 5.2.4 Locations of Soil Samples ............................................................................................. 66 5.2.5 Analysis of Soil Samples ............................................................................................... 66 5.2.5.1 Particle Size Distribution .............................................................................. 66 5.2.5.2 Soil Specific Gravity and Absorption ........................................................... 67 5.2.5.3 Soil Moisture Content ................................................................................... 68 5.2.6 Measurement of Acidity and Alkalinity, pH ................................................................. 68 5.2.7 Wastewater Analysis ..................................................................................................... 69 5.2.8 Annular Gap .................................................................................................................. 69 5.2.9 Liner Thickness ............................................................................................................. 70 5.2.10 Specific Gravity and Porosity ........................................................................................ 71 5.2.11 Ovality ........................................................................................................................... 71 5.2.12 Flexural Testing ............................................................................................................. 73 5.2.13 Tensile Testing .............................................................................................................. 76 5.2.14 Comparison of Measured Values and QC Sample/Design Values ................................ 78 5.2.15 Buckling Test ................................................................................................................. 79 5.2.16 Shore D Hardness .......................................................................................................... 81 5.2.17 Barcol Hardness ............................................................................................................. 81 5.2.18 Raman Spectroscopy .................................................................................................... 84 5.3 Site 2: 36-in. Brick Sewer ........................................................................................................... 84 5.3.1 Host Pipe and Liner Information ................................................................................... 84 5.3.2 Sample Recovery ........................................................................................................... 84 5.3.3 Visual Inspection of Liner ............................................................................................. 85 5.3.4 Wastewater Analysis ..................................................................................................... 86 5.3.5 Annular Gap .................................................................................................................. 86 5.3.6 Liner Thickness ............................................................................................................. 86 5.3.6.1 Ultrasound Testing ........................................................................................ 86 5.3.6.2 Field Measurements ...................................................................................... 86 5.3.6.3 Laboratory Measurements ............................................................................. 88 5.3.7 Specific Gravity and Porosity ........................................................................................ 88 5.3.8 Flexural Testing ............................................................................................................. 88 5.3.9 Tensile Testing .............................................................................................................. 90 5.3.10 Shore D Hardness. ......................................................................................................... 90 5.3.11 Barcol Hardness ............................................................................................................. 91 5.3.12 Raman Spectroscopy ..................................................................................................... 92 6.0: REVIEW AND COMPARISON ACROSS THE FOUR SITES .................................................. 93 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 93 6.2 Summary for City of Denver Evaluations .................................................................................. 93 x
Page 1 and 2: EPA/600/R-12/004 | January 2012 | w
Page 3 and 4: DISCLAIMER The work reported in thi
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has bee
Page 7 and 8: samples had a flexural modulus valu
Page 9: CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...............
Page 13 and 14: 9.2.2 Recommendations for Developme
Page 15 and 16: Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the
Page 17 and 18: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMP Asse
Page 19 and 20: 1.0: INTRODUCTION This report forms
Page 21 and 22: 1.2 Organization of the Report Foll
Page 23 and 24: Some sections of a sewer system may
Page 25 and 26: • The depth of the pipe below the
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-3 highlights the main diff
Page 29 and 30: The most commonly used resins are i
Page 31 and 32: the glass fiber. The tube, which is
Page 33 and 34: 3.0: DEVELOPMENT OF CIPP EVALUATION
Page 35 and 36: • The municipality would be willi
Page 37 and 38: • Measurements and/or physical sa
Page 39 and 40: Table 3-3. Laboratory Evaluation an
Page 41 and 42: 4.1 Introduction 4.0: CITY OF DENVE
Page 43 and 44: Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered
Page 45 and 46: Sample ID Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Si
Page 47 and 48: Location Table 4-5. Denver 8-in. Li
Page 49 and 50: Profile Plot Red - Steel tube Green
Page 51 and 52: Table 4-7. Results from Flexural Te
Page 53 and 54: 35 Table 4-9. Comparison of Test Da
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.12 Buckling Test. A steel mecha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pres
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.13 Shore D Hardness. Durometer
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Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readin
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increases and the heat of cure decr
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In summary, CCTV inspection of thre
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Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 4
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4.3.6.2 Downstream Sample. Seven sp
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Figure 4-34. Flexural Stress-Strain
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Table 4-18. Flexural Test Results f
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4.3.8.2 Upstream Sample. Specimens
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4.3.10 Barcol Hardness 4.3.10.1 Dow
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4.3.11.2 Downstream Sample. The Ram
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5.1 Introduction 5.0: CITY OF COLUM
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April 16, 2010 The specimen was rec
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The resulting gradation curves are
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Table 5-4. Soil pH at Designated Lo
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Figure 5-8. Average Thickness at Di
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5.2.12 Flexural Testing. Specimens
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Figure 5-14. Flexural Stress-Strain
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Figure 5-16. Tensile Stress-Strain
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5.2.15 Buckling Test. A mechanical
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Figure 5-24. Localized Leak on the
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Figure 5-26. Barcol Hardness Readin
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5.3.3 Visual Inspection of Liner. I
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Figure 5-32. Ultrasonic Testing for
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Table 5-13. Geometric Data for Flex
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Figure 5-38. Shore D Hardness of Co
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6.1 Introduction 6.0: REVIEW AND CO
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Overall, the liners appear to be ho
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age difference between the liners i
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Looking for correlations to the low
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A significantly lower range of Shor
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7.0: RECOMMENDED TEST PROTOCOL FOR
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combining this broadly available in
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Table 7-3. Overall Structure for a
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Table 8-2. CIPP and Other Rehabilit
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Table 8-5. Rehabilitation Specifica
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113 Table 8-9. Process Verification
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Göttingen Stadtentwässerung: Göt
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experience and quality, and do not
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km of pipe and 50-year-old pipes ar
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methods are detailed in the Guide t
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The business of pipeline rehabilita
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• Destructive testing (but will n
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In Denver, in CCTV inspections of n
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9.2 Recommendations for Future Work
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Falter, B. 1996. “Structural Anal
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Lehmann, M.A, J.P. Schroeder and C.
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APPENDIX A LIST OF TEST STANDARDS R
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The following table lists the non-A
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B.1 Introduction This study was con
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Mean thickness values for each cont
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APPENDIX C INTERNATIONAL STUDY INTE
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The original Insituform liner insta
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However, the figures published by O
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exfiltration and infiltration. Any
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STW uses CIPP for virtually all of
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method. Top hat repairs to junction
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All design and construction supervi
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Process verification test samples a
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consultant born out of the corporat
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BW continues to use CIPP, mainly in
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East, but has not yet had marked su
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D-1
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D-3
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D-5
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D-7
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D-9
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D-11
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D-13
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D-15
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D-17
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D-19
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D-21
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D-23
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D-25
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D-27
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D-29
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D-31
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D-33
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D-35
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D-37
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D-49
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