Retrospective Evaluation of Cured-in-Place Pipe - (NEPIS)(EPA ...

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5.2.18 Raman Spectroscopy. The Raman spectroscopy plots for the Columbus 8-in. liner sample are shown in Figure 5-27. Plots are shown for the virgin resin, and several locations on the inside and outside liner surfaces. There is one clear difference in the presence of peaks between the base resin samples and the exhumed specimens, which was not seen in the Denver samples. A discussion of the possibilities for using Raman spectroscopy for liner evaluation is given in Section 6. 5.3 Site 2: 36-in. Brick Sewer Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the Columbus 8-in. Liner 5.3.1 Host Pipe and Liner Information. The CIPP liner sample tested was exhumed from a 36in. brick sewer pipe in Columbus, OH, which was installed in 1868 and relined with a CIPP liner in 1989 under an emergency modification to Project No. 710404.2 carried out by the City of Columbus, Department of Public Utilities, Division of Sewerage and Drainage. The original contract work involved 227 ft of CIPP lining of an adjacent 24 in. diameter pipeline 14.5 ft deep with 15 mm thick Insitutube. The emergency modification included the installation of 98 ft of inversion-installed polyester resin lining in the sewer at Gay Street. The liner thickness was unknown, but it was assumed to be similar to the adjacent 24 in. project. The CIPP-repaired section lies under a two-way, two lane road; it is a curved section that extends from the south side of Gay Street and turns north on Pearl Street. The contractor for the CIPP repair was Insituform East. No material testing was specified in the original contract or in the emergency modification. 5.3.2 Sample Recovery. On-site personnel were present from the City of Columbus, Battelle, Jason Consulting, and Reynolds Inliner, Inc. The Reynolds personnel entered the pipeline, cut out a 52 in. × 24 in. rectangular sample (Figure 5-28) and prepared it for shipment. The sample was collected from approximately 2 ft upstream (south) of the access manhole (MH 0003C0008) at the 1 to 4 o’clock position approximately 2 in. above the flow line. 84
5.3.3 Visual Inspection of Liner. Images of the recovered specimen are shown in Figures 5-29 and 5-30. A visual inspection found the CIPP liner to be in good condition. The polymeric film (polyurethane) was essentially hydrolyzed except for the area where the seam was sealed. This is expected as the polyurethane was added as a sacrificial layer for confining the resin during the installation and curing process. The surface when rubbed clean of debris had a “fibrous finish”. This also is to be expected as the polyester fibers that were formerly embedded in the polyurethane are now exposed. Figure 5-28. Cutting Out the Columbus 36-in. Liner Sample 85 Figure 5-29. The Exhumed Sample, 24in. × 52-in. (Columbus 36-in. Liner) Figure 5-30. Images of the Recovered Columbus 36-in. Specimen The outer surface of extracted sample mirrored the surface of the brick sewer in which it was installed. After removing the sample, some evidence of resin migration into the mortar joints was noticed. The CIPP did not appear to be chemically bonded to the sewer wall; in fact, a portion of the sample area had a compressed “clay-like” material on its surface, which would have prevented any such bonding. The mechanical bonding, however, was very good. The liner appeared to be positioned tight against the host pipe up to approximately the 11:00 o’clock position where an annulus began forming. Sounding the top of the CIPP indicated that this annulus continued around to the 1:00 o’clock position. This could be possibly attributable to an inadequate amount of head applied during the inversion process or inadequate cooling of the liner.
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EPA/600/R-12/004 | January 2012 | w
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DISCLAIMER The work reported in thi
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has bee
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samples had a flexural modulus valu
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CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...............
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4.3.10.2 Upstream Sample ..........
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9.2.2 Recommendations for Developme
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Figure 5-27. Raman Spectra for the
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMP Asse
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1.0: INTRODUCTION This report forms
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1.2 Organization of the Report Foll
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Some sections of a sewer system may
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• The depth of the pipe below the
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Figure 2-3 highlights the main diff
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The most commonly used resins are i
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the glass fiber. The tube, which is
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3.0: DEVELOPMENT OF CIPP EVALUATION
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• The municipality would be willi
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• Measurements and/or physical sa
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Table 3-3. Laboratory Evaluation an
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4.1 Introduction 4.0: CITY OF DENVE
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Figure 4-1. Images of the Recovered
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Sample ID Figure 4-4. Soil Grain Si
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Location Table 4-5. Denver 8-in. Li
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Profile Plot Red - Steel tube Green
Page 51 and 52: Table 4-7. Results from Flexural Te
Page 53 and 54: 35 Table 4-9. Comparison of Test Da
Page 55 and 56: 4.2.12 Buckling Test. A steel mecha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4-18. Pressure Gage and Pres
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.13 Shore D Hardness. Durometer
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-24. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 63 and 64: increases and the heat of cure decr
Page 65 and 66: In summary, CCTV inspection of thre
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-28. Thickness for Denver 4
Page 69 and 70: 4.3.6.2 Downstream Sample. Seven sp
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4-34. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 73 and 74: Table 4-18. Flexural Test Results f
Page 75 and 76: 4.3.8.2 Upstream Sample. Specimens
Page 77 and 78: 4.3.10 Barcol Hardness 4.3.10.1 Dow
Page 79 and 80: 4.3.11.2 Downstream Sample. The Ram
Page 81 and 82: 5.1 Introduction 5.0: CITY OF COLUM
Page 83 and 84: April 16, 2010 The specimen was rec
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Page 87 and 88: Table 5-4. Soil pH at Designated Lo
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5-8. Average Thickness at Di
Page 91 and 92: 5.2.12 Flexural Testing. Specimens
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5-14. Flexural Stress-Strain
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5-16. Tensile Stress-Strain
Page 97 and 98: 5.2.15 Buckling Test. A mechanical
Page 99 and 100: Figure 5-24. Localized Leak on the
Page 101: Figure 5-26. Barcol Hardness Readin
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5-32. Ultrasonic Testing for
Page 107 and 108: Table 5-13. Geometric Data for Flex
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5-38. Shore D Hardness of Co
Page 111 and 112: 6.1 Introduction 6.0: REVIEW AND CO
Page 113 and 114: Overall, the liners appear to be ho
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Page 117 and 118: Looking for correlations to the low
Page 119 and 120: A significantly lower range of Shor
Page 121 and 122: 7.0: RECOMMENDED TEST PROTOCOL FOR
Page 123 and 124: combining this broadly available in
Page 125 and 126: Table 7-3. Overall Structure for a
Page 127 and 128: Table 8-2. CIPP and Other Rehabilit
Page 129 and 130: Table 8-5. Rehabilitation Specifica
Page 131 and 132: 113 Table 8-9. Process Verification
Page 133 and 134: Göttingen Stadtentwässerung: Göt
Page 135 and 136: experience and quality, and do not
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Page 139 and 140: methods are detailed in the Guide t
Page 141 and 142: The business of pipeline rehabilita
Page 143 and 144: • Destructive testing (but will n
Page 145 and 146: In Denver, in CCTV inspections of n
Page 147 and 148: 9.2 Recommendations for Future Work
Page 149 and 150: Falter, B. 1996. “Structural Anal
Page 151 and 152: Lehmann, M.A, J.P. Schroeder and C.
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APPENDIX A LIST OF TEST STANDARDS R
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The following table lists the non-A
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B.1 Introduction This study was con
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Mean thickness values for each cont
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APPENDIX C INTERNATIONAL STUDY INTE
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The original Insituform liner insta
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However, the figures published by O
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exfiltration and infiltration. Any
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STW uses CIPP for virtually all of
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method. Top hat repairs to junction
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All design and construction supervi
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Process verification test samples a
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consultant born out of the corporat
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BW continues to use CIPP, mainly in
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East, but has not yet had marked su
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